.\" Licensed under version 2 of the GNU General Public License.
.\" Written by Albert Cahalan; converted to a man page by
.\" Michael K. Johnson
-.TH KILL 1 "2021-05-18" "procps-ng" "User Commands"
+.TH KILL 1 "2023-01-16" "procps-ng" "User Commands"
.SH NAME
kill \- send a signal to a process
.SH SYNOPSIS
.TP
\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-queue \fIvalue\fP
Use
-.BR sigqueue(3)
+.BR sigqueue (3)
rather than
-.BR kill(2)
+.BR kill (2)
and the value argument is used to specify
an integer to be sent with the signal. If the receiving process has
installed a handler for this signal using the SA_SIGINFO flag to
-.BR sigaction(2) ,
+.BR sigaction (2),
then it can obtain this data via the si_value field of the
siginfo_t structure.
.TP
.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
.\" (at your option) any later version.
.\"
-.TH PGREP "1" "2022-11-01" "procps-ng" "User Commands"
+.TH PGREP "1" "2023-01-16" "procps-ng" "User Commands"
.SH NAME
pgrep, pkill, pidwait \- look up, signal, or wait for processes based on name and other attributes
.SH SYNOPSIS
.TP
\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-pidfile\fR \fIfile\fR
Read \fIPID\fRs from \fIfile\fR. This option is more useful for
-.BR pkill or pidwait
+.B pkill
+or
+.B pidwait
than
.BR pgrep .
.TP
.TP
\fB\-\-nslist \fIname\fP,...
Match only the provided namespaces. Available namespaces:
-ipc, mnt, net, pid, user,uts.
+ipc, mnt, net, pid, user, uts.
.TP
\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-queue \fIvalue\fP
Use
-.BR sigqueue(3)
+.BR sigqueue (3)
rather than
-.BR kill(2)
+.BR kill (2)
and the value argument is used to specify
an integer to be sent with the signal. If the receiving process has
installed a handler for this signal using the SA_SIGINFO flag to
-.BR sigaction(2)
-, then it can obtain this data via the si_value field of the
+.BR sigaction (2),
+then it can obtain this data via the si_value field of the
siginfo_t structure.
.TP
\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
.PD 0
.TP
0
-One or more processes matched the criteria. For pkill and pidwait, one or more
+One or more processes matched the criteria. For
+.B pkill
+and
+.BR pidwait ,
+one or more
processes must also have been successfully signalled or waited for.
.TP
1
.PP
The
.B \-O \-\-older
-option will silently fail if /proc is mounted with the \fIsubset=pid\fR option.
+option will silently fail if \fI/proc\fR is mounted with the \fIsubset=pid\fR option.
.SH BUGS
The options
.B \-n
.BR skill (1),
.BR kill (1),
.BR kill (2),
-.BR cgroups (8)
+.BR cgroups (8).
.SH AUTHOR
.UR kjetilho@ifi.uio.no
Kjetil Torgrim Homme
.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
.\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
.\"
-.TH PIDOF 1 "2020-12-22" "" "User Commands"
+.TH PIDOF 1 "2023-01-16" "" "User Commands"
.SH NAME
-pidof -- find the process ID of a running program
+pidof \- find the process ID of a running program
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B pidof
.RB [ \-s ]
.IR omitpid[,omitpid...]... ]
.RB [ \-S
.IR separator ]
-.B program
-.RB [ program... ]
+.I program
+.IB [ program... ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B Pidof
finds the process id's (pids) of the named programs. It prints those
id's on the standard output.
.SH OPTIONS
-.IP \-s
+.IP \fB\-s\fP
Single shot - this instructs the program to only return one \fIpid\fP.
-.IP \-c
+.IP \fB\-c\fP
Only return process ids that are running with the same root directory.
This option is ignored for non-root users, as they will be unable to check
the current root directory of processes they do not own.
-.IP \-q
+.IP \fB\-q\fP
Quiet mode, suppress any output and only sets the exit status accordingly.
-.IP \-w
+.IP \fB\-w\fP
Show also processes that do not have visible command line (e.g. kernel
worker threads).
-.IP \-x
+.IP \fB\-x\fP
Scripts too - this causes the program to also return process id's of
shells running the named scripts.
-.IP "-o \fIomitpid\fP"
-Tells \fIpidof\fP to omit processes with that process id. The special
-pid \fB%PPID\fP can be used to name the parent process of the \fIpidof\fP
+.IP "\fB-o\fP \fIomitpid\fP"
+Tells \fBpidof\fP to omit processes with that process id. The special
+pid \fB%PPID\fP can be used to name the parent process of the \fBpidof\fP
program, in other words the calling shell or shell script.
-.IP "-S \fIseparator\fP"
+.IP "\fB-S\fP \fIseparator\fP"
Use \fIseparator\fP as a separator put between pids. Used only when
more than one pids are printed for the program.
The \fB\-d\fR option is an alias for this option for sysvinit
No program was found with the requested name.
.SH BUGS
-When using the \fI\-x\fP option,
+When using the \fB\-x\fP option,
.B pidof
only has a simple method for detecting scripts and will miss scripts that,
for example, use env. This limitation is due to how the scripts look in
.BR pgrep (1),
.BR pkill (1)
.SH AUTHOR
-Jaromir Capik <jcapik@redhat.com>
+.UR jcapik@redhat.com
+Jaromir Capik
+.UE
.\" Quick hack conversion by Albert Cahalan, 1998.
.\" Licensed under version 2 of the Gnu General Public License.
.\"
-.TH PS "1" "2023-01-15" "procps-ng" "User Commands"
+.TH PS "1" "2023-01-16" "procps-ng" "User Commands"
.\"
.\" To render this page:
.\" groff -t -b -man -X -P-resolution -P100 -Tps ps.1 &
.IR init (8)
if the parent process exits.
.PP
-If the length of the username is greater than the length of the display
+If the length of the username is greater than the width of the display
column, the username will be truncated. See the \fB\-o\fR and \fB\-O\fR
formatting options to customize length.
.PP
.I expression
.SH DESCRIPTION
These tools are obsolete and unportable. The command syntax is
-poorly defined. Consider using the killall, pkill, and pgrep
+poorly defined. Consider using the
+.BR killall ,
+.BR pkill ,
+and
+.B pgrep
commands instead.
.PP
-The default signal for skill is TERM. Use \-l or \-L to list
+The default signal for \fBskill\fP is TERM. Use \fB\-l\fP or \fB\-L\fP to list
available signals. Particularly useful signals include HUP, INT,
KILL, STOP, CONT, and 0. Alternate signals may be specified in three
-ways: \-9 \-SIGKILL \-KILL.
+ways: \fB\-9\fP \fB\-SIGKILL\fP \fB\-KILL\fP.
.PP
-The default priority for snice is +4. Priority numbers range from
+The default priority for \fBsnice\fP is +4. Priority numbers range from
+20 (slowest) to \-20 (fastest). Negative priority numbers are
restricted to administrative users.
.SH OPTIONS
Match the processes that belong to the same namespace as pid.
.TP
\fB\-\-nslist \fIns,...\fR
-list which namespaces will be considered for the --ns option.
+list which namespaces will be considered for the \fB\-\-ns\fP option.
Available namespaces: ipc, mnt, net, pid, user, uts.
.PD
.SH SIGNALS
.SH EXAMPLES
.TP
.B snice -c seti -c crack +7
-Slow down seti and crack commands.
++Slow down \fBseti\fP and \fBcrack\fP commands.
.TP
.B skill \-KILL \-t /dev/pts/*
Kill users on PTY devices.
.B slabtop
statistic header is tracking how many bytes of slabs are being
used and is not a measure of physical memory. The 'Slab' field in the
-/proc/meminfo file is tracking information about used slab physical memory.
+\fI/proc/meminfo\fR file is tracking information about used slab physical
.SH AUTHORS
Written by Chris Rivera and Robert Love.
.PP
.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
.\" GNU General Public License for more details."
-.TH SYSCTL "8" "2021-03-29" "procps-ng" "System Administration"
+.TH SYSCTL "8" "2023-01-16" "procps-ng" "System Administration"
.SH NAME
sysctl \- configure kernel parameters at runtime
.SH SYNOPSIS
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B sysctl
is used to modify kernel parameters at runtime. The parameters available
-are those listed under /proc/sys/. Procfs is required for
+are those listed under \fI/proc/sys/\fR. Procfs is required for
.B sysctl
support in Linux. You can use
.B sysctl
Use this option when all arguments prescribe a key to be set.
.TP
\fB\-p\fR[\fIFILE\fR], \fB\-\-load\fR[=\fIFILE\fR]
-Load in sysctl settings from the file specified or /etc/sysctl.conf if none
-given. Specifying \- as filename means reading data from standard input.
-Using this option will mean arguments to
+Load in \fBsysctl\fR settings from the file specified or \fI/etc/sysctl.conf\fR
+if none given. Specifying \- as filename means reading data from standard
+input. Using this option will mean arguments to
.B sysctl
are files, which are read in the order they are specified.
The file argument may be specified as regular expression.
.B sysctl
command does not allow changing values of these
parameters. Users who insist to use deprecated kernel interfaces should push values
-to /proc file system by other means. For example:
+to \fB/proc\fR file system by other means. For example:
.PP
echo 256 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/neigh/eth0/base_reachable_time
.SH FILES
-.TH WATCH 1 "2021-04-24" "procps-ng" "User Commands"
+.TH WATCH 1 "2023-01-16" "procps-ng" "User Commands"
.SH NAME
watch \- execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-interval\fR \fIseconds\fR
Specify update interval. The command will not allow quicker than 0.1 second
interval, in which the smaller values are converted. Both '.' and ',' work
-for any locales. The WATCH_INTERVAL environment can be used to persistently
+for any locales. The \fBWATCH_INTERVAL\fR environment can be used to persistently
set a non-default interval (following the same rules and formatting).
.TP
\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-precise\fR
.B other
The watch will propagate command exit status as child exit status.
.SH ENVIRONMENT
-The behaviour of
+The behavior of
.B watch
is affected by the following environment variables.
Update interval, follows the same rules as the
.B \-\-interval
command line option.
+.sp
.SH NOTES
POSIX option processing is used (i.e., option processing stops at
the first non\-option argument). This means that flags after
don't get interpreted by
.BR watch
itself.
+.sp
.SH BUGS
Upon terminal resize, the screen will not be correctly repainted until the
next scheduled update. All
as it can to catch up from a previous executions running longer than
.B \-\-interval
(for example,
-.B netstat
+.BR netstat (8)
taking ages on a DNS lookup).
+.sp
.SH EXAMPLES
.PP
To watch for mail, you might do
isn't guaranteed to work across reboots, especially in the face of
.B ntpdate
(if present) or other bootup time-changing mechanisms)
+.sp
+.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
+Please send bug reports to
+.UR procps@freelists.org
+.UE
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