From e1f55afe7d9dd2f7751fbc7f1c2d85adafbd2152 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Bruce Momjian Date: Mon, 29 Oct 2007 17:27:10 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Update Russian FAQ. corochoone@gmail.com --- doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_russian.html | 218 +++++++++++++++++------------------ 1 file changed, 103 insertions(+), 115 deletions(-) diff --git a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_russian.html b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_russian.html index 0666da595e..0f9841c437 100644 --- a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_russian.html +++ b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_russian.html @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@

ïÔ×ÅÔÙ ÎÁ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÐÏ PostgreSQL

-

äÁÔÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ: ÷ÏÓËÒÅÓÅÎØÅ 18 ÉÀÎÑ 15:33:25 EDT 2006

+

äÁÔÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ: ðÑÔÎÉÃÁ 26 ÏËÔÑÂÒÑ 14:59:45 EDT 2007

áÎÇÌÉÊÓËÉÊ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ ÓÏÐÒÏ×ÏÖÄÁÅÔ: âÒÀÓ íÏÍØÑÎ (Bruce Momjian) (pgman@candle.pha.pa.us)
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@

óÁÍÕÀ Ó×ÅÖÕÀ ÁÎÇÌÉÊÓËÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ - http://www.PostgreSQL.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html.

+ http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html.

ïÔ×ÅÔÙ ÎÁ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÙÅ ÄÌÑ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÙÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ - http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/faq/.

+ http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/.

ïÂÝÉÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ

@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ 1.12) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔÓÑ Ë ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×?
1.13) ëÁË ÓÒÁ×ÎÉÔØ PostgreSQL Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ óõâä?
- + 1.14) âÕÄÅÔ ÌÉ PostgreSQL ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÍÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, × ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÓÔÒÁÎÙÈ, + ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÍÉÓÑ ÄÎÅ×ÎÏÇÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ?

÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÐÏ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ

2.1) ëÁËÉÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ ÅÓÔØ ÄÌÑ PostgreSQL?
@@ -87,9 +88,9 @@ 4.8) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÏÉÓË ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ É ÐÏÉÓË ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÊ ÏÔ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁ ÂÕË× ÐÏÉÓË ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ? ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÎÄÅËÓ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÔ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁ ÂÕË×?
- 4.9) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌÑ ÒÁ×ÎÏ - NULL × ËÁËÏÍ-ÌÉÂÏ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÅ? íÏÇÕ Ñ ÏÔÓÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÌÑ - NULL ÉÌÉ ÎÅÔ?
+ 4.9) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌÑ × ËÁËÏÍ-ÌÉÂÏ + ÚÁÐÒÏÓÅ ÒÁ×ÎÏ NULL? ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÅ + NULL? íÏÇÕ Ñ ÓÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÌÑ NULL ÉÌÉ ÎÅÔ?
4.10) ëÁËÏ×Ù ÏÔÌÉÞÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌØÎÙÍÉ ÔÉÐÁÍÉ?
4.11.1) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÐÏÌÅ serial/Ó-Á×ÔÏ-Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÅÍ?
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ", ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÀÔÓØ Ë ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁÍ × ÆÕÎËÃÉÑÈ PL/PgSQL?
4.20) ëÁËÉÅ ÅÓÔØ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÒÅÐÌÉËÁÃÉÉ?
4.21) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ É ËÏÌÏÎÏË ÎÅ - ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÀÔÓÑ × × ÍÏ£Í ÚÁÐÒÏÓÅ?
+ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÀÔÓÑ × × ÍÏ£Í ÚÁÐÒÏÓÅ? ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÎÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÚÁÇÌÁ×ÎÙÅ ÂÕË×Ù?
@@ -126,9 +127,9 @@

1.1) þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ PostgreSQL? ëÁË ÐÒÏÉÚÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ?

PostgreSQL ÐÒÏÉÚÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Post-Gres-Q-L (ðÏÓÔ-çÒÅÓ-ëØÀ-üÌ), - ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÇÏ×ÏÒÑÔ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ Postgres. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕÓÌÙÛÁÔØ ËÁË - ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÚÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÁÕÄÉÏÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ × - ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ MP3. + ÔÁËÖÅ ÇÏ×ÏÒÑÔ É ÐÒÏÓÔÏ Postgres, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÚÇÏ×ÏÒÅ. + (äÌÑ ÏÓÏÂÏ ÌÀÂÏÐÙÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ËÁË ÐÒÏÉÚÎÏÓÉÔØ "PostgreSQL", ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ + ÁÕÄÉÏ-ÆÁÊÌ).

PostgreSQL - ÜÔÏ ÏÂßÅËÔÎÏ-ÒÅÌÑÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÂÁÚÁÍÉ @@ -141,8 +142,8 @@ ÐÏ ×ÓÅÍÕ ÍÉÒÕ É Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÁÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ. òÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÐÒÏÅËÔÏÍ É ÎÅ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÅÊ. ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ × FAQ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×, - - http://www.PostgreSQL.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ_DEV.html + + http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.FAQ_DEV.html

1.2) ëÔÏ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ PostgreSQL?

@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@

óÉÓÔÅÍÁ õÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ âÁÚÁÍÉ äÁÎÎÙÈ PostgreSQL

-

Portions copyright (c) 1996-2006, PostgreSQL Global Development +

Portions copyright (c) 1996-2007, PostgreSQL Global Development Group Portions Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Regents of the University of California

@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ Ë ÍÏÍÅÎÔÕ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ.

PostgreSQL ÔÁËÖÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Microsoft - Windows, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ NT, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË Win2000, WinXP É Win2003. + Windows, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ NT, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË Win2000 SP4, WinXP É Win2003. ðÁËÅÔ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÔÏÒÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller. ÷ÅÒÓÉÉ Windows, @@ -218,12 +219,12 @@

þÅÒÅÚ ÂÒÁÕÚÅÒ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/ É ÞÅÒÅÚ ftp, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ - ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/.

+ ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/.

1.6) ëÁËÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ Ó×ÅÖÁÑ?

-

ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ×ÙÐÕÓË PostgreSQL - ÜÔÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ 8.1.4

+

ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ×ÙÐÕÓË PostgreSQL - ÜÔÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ 8.2.5

íÙ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÍ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÓÔÁÒÛÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÇÏÄ, Á ÍÌÁÄÛÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ËÁÖÄÙÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÍÅÓÑÃÅ×.

@@ -243,12 +244,13 @@ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ × Unix ×ÙÚÏ× ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ irc -c '#postgresql' "$USER" irc.freenode.net ÉÌÉ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ IRC ËÌÉÅÎÔ. îÁ ÜÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ËÁÎÁÌÙ ÎÁ - ÉÓÐÁÎÓËÏÍ (#postgresql-es) É ÆÒÁÎÃÕÚÓËÏÍ (#postgresqlfr) - ÑÚÙËÁÈ. ôÁËÖÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ËÁÎÁÌ ÐÏ PostgreSQL ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ EFNet.

+ ÉÓÐÁÎÓËÏÍ (#postgresql-es), ÆÒÁÎÃÕÚÓËÏÍ (#postgresqlfr) + É ÂÒÁÚÉÌØÓËÏÍ (#postgresql-br) ÑÚÙËÁÈ. ôÁËÖÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ËÁÎÁÌ + ÐÏ PostgreSQL ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ EFNet.

óÐÉÓÏË ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÏÊ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÎÁ - - http://techdocs.postgresql.org/companies.php.

+ + http://www.postgresql.org/support/professional_support.

1.8) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔØ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ?

@@ -259,7 +261,7 @@ http://www.postgresql.org/support/submitbug. ôÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ Ó×ÅÖÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ PostgreSQL ÎÁ ÎÁÛÅÍ FTP ÓÁÊÔÅ - ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/.

+ ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/.

îÁ ÏÛÉÂËÉ, Õ×ÅÄÏÍÌÅÎÉÅ Ï ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÂÙÌÉ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÙ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÕÀ ÆÏÒÍÕ ÉÌÉ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ × ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ PostgreSQL, @@ -337,7 +339,7 @@ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á man É ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÅ ÔÅÓÔÏ×ÙÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ. óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ /doc. ÷Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÔØ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ × éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ - http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs.

+ http://www.postgresql.org/docs.

óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ Ä×Å ËÎÉÇÉ ÐÏ PostgreSQL ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÅ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍ http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/books/awbook.html @@ -345,9 +347,9 @@ åÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ËÎÉÇ ÐÏ PostgreSQL, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ËÕÐÉÔØ. ïÄÎÕ ÉÚ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÙÈ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÌ ëÏÒÒÉ äÕÇÌÁÓ (Korry Douglas). óÐÉÓÏË ÏÂÚÏÒÏ× ÐÏ ÜÔÉÍ ËÎÉÇÁÍ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ - http://techdocs.postgresql.org/techdocs/bookreviews.php. - ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/ - ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÀ ÔÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÓÔÁÔÅÊ ÐÏÓ×ÑÝÅÎÎÙÈ PostgreSQL.

+ http://www.postgresql.org/docs/books/. + ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ http://www.postgresql.org/docs/techdocs + ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÀ ÔÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÓÔÁÔÅÊ, ÐÏÓ×ÅÝÅÎÎÙÈ PostgreSQL.

ëÌÉÅÎÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ psql ÉÍÅÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄ \d ÄÌÑ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÔÉÐÁÍ, ÏÐÅÒÁÔÏÒÁÍ, ÆÕÎËÃÉÑÍ, ÁÇÒÅÇÁÔÁÍ É Ô.Ä. - @@ -359,11 +361,7 @@

1.11) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÎÁÕÞÉÔØÓÑ SQL?

÷Ï-ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ, ×ÏÚØÍÉÔÅ ÏÄÎÕ ÉÚ ËÎÉÇ ÐÏ PostgreSQL, Ï ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÌÏÓØ - ×ÙÛÅ. åÝÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÕÞÅÂÎÉË - ÜÔÏ ËÎÉÇÁ "Teach Yourself SQL in 21 Days, - Second Edition" (ïÓ×ÏÊ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ SQL ÚÁ 21 ÄÅÎØ, ÷ÔÏÒÁÑ ÒÅÄÁËÃÉÑ) - ÎÁ - http://members.tripod.com/er4ebus/sql/index.htm. - íÎÏÇÉÍ ÉÚ ÎÁÛÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÒÁ×ÉÔÓÑ ËÎÉÇÁ + ×ÙÛÅ. íÎÏÇÉÍ ÉÚ ÎÁÛÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÒÁ×ÉÔÓÑ ËÎÉÇÁ The Practical SQL Handbook, Bowman, Judith S., et al., Addison-Wesley. äÒÕÇÉÍ ÎÒÁ×ÉÔÓÑ The Complete Reference SQL, Groff et al., McGraw-Hill.

@@ -453,7 +451,14 @@ +

1.14) âÕÄÅÔ ÌÉ PostgreSQL ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó + ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÍÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, × ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÓÔÒÁÎÙÈ, ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÍÉÓÑ ÄÎÅ×ÎÏÇÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ?

+

éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÉ ÄÎÅ×ÎÏÇÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ × óûá ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ × PostgreSQL ×ÅÒÓÉÉ + 8.0.[4+] É ×Ï ×ÓÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ×ÙÐÕÓËÉ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ × 8.1. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ëÁÎÁÄÅ + É úÁÐÁÄÎÏÊ á×ÓÔÒÁÌÉÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ × 8.0.[10+], 8.1.[6+] É ×ÓÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ + ×ÙÐÕÓËÉ. ÷ÙÐÕÓËÉ PostgreSQL ÄÏ 8.0 ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÉ + ÄÎÅ×ÎÏÇÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÉÚ ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÚÏÎ × ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.

÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÐÏ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ

@@ -544,7 +549,7 @@
îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ × postgresql.conf ×ÌÉÑÀÔ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ. ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÊ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË ÓÍ. × - + Administration Guide/Server Run-time Environment/Run-time Configuration, Á ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÉ ÓÍ. × http://www.varlena.com/varlena/GeneralBits/Tidbits/annotated_conf_e.html @@ -556,11 +561,12 @@
÷ÙÂÏÒ "ÖÅÌÅÚÁ" - ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ
÷ÌÉÑÎÉÅ "ÖÅÌÅÚÁ" ÎÁ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × - - http://candle.pha.pa.us/main/writings/pgsql/hw_performance/index.html É - http://www.powerpostgresql.com/PerfList/. -

+ http://www.powerpostgresql.com/PerfList/ É + + http://momjian.us/main/writings/pgsql/hw_performance/index.html. +
+
@@ -576,33 +582,19 @@

3.5) ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ "Sorry, too many clients" ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÙÔÁÀÓØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÂÁÚÅ?

-

÷Ù ÄÏÓÔÉÇÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ 100 ÓÅÓÓÉÊ - ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. ÷ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÄÌÑ - postmaster ÌÉÍÉÔ ÎÁ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ËÏÎËÕÒÅÎÔÎÙÈ backend ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×, +

÷Ù ÄÏÓÔÉÇÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ × 100 ÓÅÓÓÉÊ + ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. ÷ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÌÉÍÉÔ ÎÁ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï + ËÏÎËÕÒÅÎÔÎÙÈ backend ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ× ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ âä, ÉÚÍÅÎÉ× ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ max_connections × ÆÁÊÌÅ postgresql.conf - É ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÁÔØ postmaster.

+ É ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ âä.

3.6) ëÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ PostgreSQL?

-

íÅÖÄÕ ÐÏÄ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÍÉ, ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÉ PostgreSQL ÄÅÌÁÀÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ - ÏÛÉÂÏË. ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 7.4.8 ÄÏ 7.4.9 ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ - ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ dump É restore; ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ - ÏÂÎÏ×Ì£ÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ óõâä É ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ.

- -

÷ÓÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ Ó×ÅÖÕÀ ÐÏÄ×ÅÒÓÉÀ - ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÎÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ. ÷ ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ËÁË ËÁÖÄÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ - ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÒÉÓË, ÐÏÄ×ÅÒÓÉÉ PostgreSQL ÒÁÚÒÁÂÙÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ - ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÂÝÉÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË Ó ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÍ ÒÉÓËÏÍ. ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ×ÁÛ - ÒÉÓË Ó×ÑÚÁÎ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó ÓÁÍÉÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ.

- - -

ðÒÉ ×ÙÈÏÄÅ ÏÞÅÒÅÄÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁ - (Ô.Å. ÐÒÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, Ó 7.3 ÎÁ 7.4) ÞÁÓÔÏ ÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÊ - ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÔÁÂÌÉÃ É ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. üÔÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÎÏÓÑÔ - ÓÌÏÖÎÙÊ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÍÙ ÎÅ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÅÍ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÕÀ - ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. ÷ ÜÔÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÂÁÚÙ - ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ dump/restore.

+

óÍ. ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ × http://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning + É ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ × + http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/install-upgrading.html.

3.7) ëÁËÏÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÎÏÅ "ÖÅÌÅÚÏ" Ñ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ @@ -745,9 +737,9 @@ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÃÅÌÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ É ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ. ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÄÌÉÎÁ ÔÅËÓÔÁ, × ÓÒÅÄÎÅÍ, ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ 20 ÂÁÊÔ. òÁÚÍÅÒ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔ 2.8 MB. òÁÚÍÅÒ ÂÁÚÙ PostgreSQL, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÊ ÜÔÉ ÖÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔ ÐÒÉÂÌÉÚÉÔÅÌØÎÏ - 5.6 MB ÉÚ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ:

+ 5.2 MB ÉÚ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ:

-    28 ÂÁÊÔ: ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏË ÓÔÒÏËÉ × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ (ÐÒÉÂÌÉÚÉÔÅÌØÎÏ)
+    24 ÂÁÊÔ: ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏË ÓÔÒÏËÉ × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ (ÐÒÉÂÌÉÚÉÔÅÌØÎÏ)
   + 24 ÂÁÊÔÁ: ÏÄÎÏ ÐÏÌÅ Ó ÃÅÌÏÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÍ ÔÉÐÏÍ É ÏÄÎÏ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÅ ÐÏÌÅ
   +  4 ÂÁÊÔÁ: ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌØ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÊ ÔÁÂÌÉÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ
    ----------------------------------------
@@ -756,14 +748,14 @@
    òÁÚÍÅÒ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ × PostgreSQL ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ 8192 ÂÁÊÔ (8 KB), ÔÁË ÞÔÏ:
 
    8192 ÂÁÊÔ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ
-   ---------------------   =  146 ÓÔÒÏË × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ âä (ÏËÒÕÇÌ£ÎÎÏ)
-     56 ÂÁÊÔ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ
+   ---------------------   =  158 ÓÔÒÏË × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ âä (ÏËÒÕÇÌ£ÎÎÏ)
+     52 ÂÁÊÔ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ
 
      100000 ÓÔÒÏË ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
-   ----------------------- =  685 ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃ × âä (ÏËÒÕÇÌ£ÎÎÏ)
-   146 ÓÔÒÏË × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ
+   ----------------------- =  633 ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃ × âä (ÏËÒÕÇÌ£ÎÎÏ)
+   158 ÓÔÒÏË × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ
 
-   685 ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃ âä * 8192 ÂÁÊÔ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ = 5,611,520 ÂÁÊÔ (5.6 MB)
+   633 ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃ âä * 8192 ÂÁÊÔ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ = 5,185,536 ÂÁÊÔ (5.2 MB)

éÎÄÅËÓÙ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÔÁË ÍÎÏÇÏ, ÎÏ ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ @@ -822,13 +814,10 @@ C, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÕÚÎÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÎÁÉÂÏÌØÛÉÊ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ ÄÌÑ ÎÅ-C ÌÏËÁÌÉ. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÄÌÑ ÔÁËÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÊ ÉÎÄÅËÓ text_pattern_ops ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ - LIKE ÉÎÄÅËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. + LIKE ÉÎÄÅËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. äÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÓÌÏ× ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ + ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÌÎÏÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ ÉÎÄÅËÓ. -

÷ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÈ ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 8.0, ÉÎÄÅËÓÙ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÎÅÌØÚÑ ÂÙÌÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ, - ÅÓÌÉ ÔÉÐÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÎÅ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÌÉ Ó ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÍÉ ÔÉÐÁÍÉ ËÏÌÏÎÏË. üÔÏ - ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ËÁÓÁÌÏÓØ int2, int8 É numeric ÉÎÄÅËÓÏ× ËÏÌÏÎÏË.

-

4.7) ëÁË ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ËÁË ÏÐÔÉÍÉÚÁÔÏÒ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ÍÏÊ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ?

@@ -863,9 +852,9 @@ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏÍ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÅ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ CHECK ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÔÒÉÇÇÅÒ.

-

4.9) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌÑ ÒÁ×ÎÏ - NULL × ËÁËÏÍ-ÌÉÂÏ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÅ? íÏÇÕ Ñ ÏÔÓÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÌÑ - NULL ÉÌÉ ÎÅÔ?

+

4.9) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌÑ × ËÁËÏÍ-ÌÉÂÏ + ÚÁÐÒÏÓÅ ÒÁ×ÎÏ NULL? ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÅ + NULL? íÏÇÕ Ñ ÓÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÌÑ NULL ÉÌÉ ÎÅÔ?

÷Ù ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ Ó IS NULL É IS NOT NULL, ËÁË ÚÄÅÓØ:

@@ -875,6 +864,13 @@ WHERE col IS NULL; +

þÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØ Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍÉ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ NULL, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ + COALESCE() ËÁË ÚÄÅÓØ:

+
+   SELECT COALESCE(col1, '') || COALESCE(col2, '')
+   FROM tab
+
+

þÔÏÂÙ ÏÔÓÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÀ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÙ IS NULL É IS NOT NULL × ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÉ ORDER BY. ëÏÇÄÁ ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ @@ -967,38 +963,28 @@ ); +

á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÁÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÉÍÑ ×ÉÄÁ + <ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ>_<ËÏÌÏÎËÁ_serial>_seq, ÇÄÅ + ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ É ËÏÌÏÎËÁ_serial - ÜÔÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÉÍÅÎÁ + ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ É ËÏÌÏÎËÉ Ó ÔÉÐÏÍ SERIAL. óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ Ï ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÑÈ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á - ÐÏÓ×ÑÝÅÎÎÏÊ create_sequence. + ÐÏÓ×ÑÝÅÎÎÏÊ create_sequence.

4.11.2) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÉ ×ÓÔÁ×ËÅ SERIAL?

-

ïÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ × ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ - SERIAL ÉÚ ÏÂßÅËÔÁ sequence Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ - nextval() ÐÅÒÅÄ ×ÓÔÁ×ËÏÊ É ÚÁÔÅÍ ×ÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ - Ñ×ÎÏ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ-ÐÒÉÍÅÒ × 4.11.1, ÐÒÉÍÅÒ - × ÐÓÅ×ÄÏÑÚÙËÅ ÐÏËÁÖÅÔ ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ:

-
-    new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
-    execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')");
-
+

ðÒÏÓÔÅÊÛÉÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ SERIAL + ÜÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ RETURNING. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ × 4.11.1, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÔÁË:

- úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ × ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ - new_id ÄÌÑ ÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁÈ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ - ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ËÌÀÞ ÄÌÑ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ person). úÁÍÅÔÉÍ, - ÞÔÏ ÉÍÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÏÂßÅËÔÁ SEQUENCE - ÂÕÄÅÔ <table>_<serialcolumn>_seq, - ÇÄÅ table É serialcolumn Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ - ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ É ×ÁÛÅÊ ËÏÌÏÎËÉ SERIAL. - -

÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Ù, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ - SERIAL Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ currval() - ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ ×ÓÔÁ×ËÉ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ

-    execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')");
-    new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");
+    INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal') RETURNING id;
+ ÷Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ nextval() É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ × + INSERT ÉÌÉ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ currval() ÐÏÓÌÅ + INSERT. +

4.11.3) îÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÌÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØÓÑ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ currval() É nextval() ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÔ Ë @@ -1020,15 +1006,15 @@

4.12) þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ OID? þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ CTID?

-

ëÁÖÄÁÑ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÁÑ × PostgreSQL ÔÁÂÌÉÞÎÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÊ - ÉÎÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ OID ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÑ ËÏÇÄÁ - ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÏÓØ WITHOUT OIDS. OID - ÜÔÏ - Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÁÅÍÏÅ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÏÅ 4-È ÂÁÊÔÏ×ÏÅ ÃÅÌÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ. +

åÓÌÉ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÁ Ó WITH OIDS, ÔÏ ËÁÖÄÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ + ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÊ ÉÎÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ OID. + OID - ÜÔÏ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÁÅÍÏÅ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÏÅ 4-È + ÂÁÊÔÏ×ÏÅ ÃÅÌÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÏ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ óõâä. ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÐÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ ËÁË ÅÇÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÅ×ÙÓÉÔ 4 ÍÉÌÌÉÁÒÄÁ, ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ OID ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÔ ÄÕÂÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ. PostgreSQL ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ OID ÄÌÑ Ó×ÑÚÙ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó×ÏÉÈ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÈ ÔÁÂÌÉÃ.

-

äÌÑ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ × ËÏÌÏÎËÁÈ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÌÕÞÛÉÍ +

äÌÑ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ × ÓÔÒÏËÁÈ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÌÕÞÛÉÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ SERIAL ×ÍÅÓÔÏ OID, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ SERIAL ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙ ÔÏÌØËÏ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ É ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÍÅÎØÛÅ ÐÏÄ×ÅÒÖÅÎÙ @@ -1047,7 +1033,7 @@

ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÔÅÌØÎÏ Õ ×ÁÓ ÚÁËÏÎÞÉÌÁÓØ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÁÑ ÐÁÍÑÔØ ÉÌÉ ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÊ ÌÉÍÉÔ ÎÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ. - ðÏÐÙÔÁÊÔÅÓØ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÚÁÐÕÓËÏÍ postmaster ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ + ðÏÐÙÔÁÊÔÅÓØ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÚÁÐÕÓËÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ âä ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:

     ulimit -d 262144
@@ -1115,22 +1101,24 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
     
4.18) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ ÉÚ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÔÒÏË ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ?

 
     
÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÌÅÇËÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ, ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÀÝÉÅ ÓÐÉÓÏË,
-     
-     http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions.

+     
+     http://www.postgresql.org/docs/techdocs.17.

 
 
     
4.19) ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ ÏÛÉÂËÕ "relation with OID ####
      ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ", ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÀÔÓØ Ë ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁÍ × ÆÕÎËÃÉÑÈ PL/PgSQL?

      
-    
PL/PgSQL ËÜÛÉÒÕÅÔ ÓÃÅÎÁÒÉÉ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ É ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÎÅÇÁÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÜÆÆÅËÔÏ× ÜÔÏÇÏ
-    ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÆÕÎËÃÉÑ PL/PgSQL ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ
-    É ÜÔÁ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ ÐÏÚÄÎÅÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ É ÐÅÒÅÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ, Á ÆÕÎËÃÉÑ ÚÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
-    ÓÎÏ×Á, ÔÏ ÅÅ ×ÙÚÏ× ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ÏÛÉÂËÅ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÓËÜÛÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ
-    ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌØ ÎÁ ÓÔÁÒÕÀ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ. þÔÏÂÙ ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÜÔÕ
-    ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ EXECUTE ÄÌÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍ
+    
÷ PostgreSQL ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 8.3, PL/PgSQL ËÜÛÉÒÕÅÔ ÓÃÅÎÁÒÉÉ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ É ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ
+    ÎÅÇÁÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÜÆÆÅËÔÏ× ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÆÕÎËÃÉÑ PL/PgSQL ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ
+    Ë ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ É ÜÔÁ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ ÐÏÚÄÎÅÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ É ÐÅÒÅÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ, Á ÆÕÎËÃÉÑ
+    ÚÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÎÏ×Á, ÔÏ ÅÅ ×ÙÚÏ× ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ÏÛÉÂËÅ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÓËÜÛÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÅ
+    ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌØ ÎÁ ÓÔÁÒÕÀ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ. þÔÏÂÙ ÒÅÛÉÔØ
+    ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ EXECUTE ÄÌÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍ
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     ÐÅÒÅÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ.

 
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÷ PostgreSQL 8.3 É ÐÏÚÄÎÅÅ, ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÎÅÔ.

+    
 
     
4.20) ëÁËÉÅ ÅÓÔØ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÒÅÐÌÉËÁÃÉÉ?

 
@@ -1142,7 +1130,7 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
     (slave) ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ
     ÞÔÅÎÉÑ/SELECT.  îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÙÍ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ ÄÌÑ ÒÅÐÌÉËÁÃÉÉ
     master-slave × PostgreSQL Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
-    
+    
     Slony-I.

     
     
òÅÐÌÉËÁÃÉÑ Multi-master ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ/ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
@@ -1150,15 +1138,15 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
     ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÐÏÔÅÒÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ
     ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÍÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍÉ.  îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ
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-    Pgcluster.
+    PGcluster.
     
     
4.21) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ É ËÏÌÏÎÏË ÎÅ
-    ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÀÔÓÑ × × ÍÏ£Í ÚÁÐÒÏÓÅ?

+    ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÀÔÓÑ × × ÍÏ£Í ÚÁÐÒÏÓÅ? ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÎÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÚÁÇÌÁ×ÎÙÅ ÂÕË×Ù?
     
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+    
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-- 
2.40.0