From 6bf44d51ead8e37fe3f75d18f64049392f902668 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Bruce Momjian Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 13:04:05 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Use Unix newlines, instead of DOS ones. --- doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html | 1750 +++++++++++++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 875 insertions(+), 875 deletions(-) diff --git a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html index 8a4662c253..d089d69eab 100644 --- a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html +++ b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html @@ -1,875 +1,875 @@ - - - - - PostgreSQL: PostgreSQL ³£¼ûÎÊÌ⣨FAQ£© - - - - - - -

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+
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4.9)ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éѯÀÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñΪ NULL £¿ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ׼ȷÅÅÐò¶ø²»ÂÛij×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñº¬ NULL Öµ£¿

+

+ Óà IS NULL ºÍ IS NOT NULL ²âÊÔÕâ¸ö×ֶΣ¬¾ßÌå·½·¨ÈçÏ£º +

+
   SELECT *
+   FROM tab
+   WHERE col IS NULL;
+
+ +

ΪÁËÄܶԺ¬ NULL×Ö¶ÎÅÅÐò£¬¿ÉÔÚ ORDER BY Ìõ¼þÖÐʹÓà IS NULLºÍ + IS NOT NULL ÐÞÊηû£¬Ìõ¼þΪÕæ true ½«±ÈÌõ¼þΪ¼Ùfalse ÅÅÔÚÇ°Ã棬ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ӾͻὫº¬ + NULL µÄ¼Ç¼ÅÅÔÚ½á¹ûµÄÉÏÃ沿·Ö£º +

+
   SELECT *
+   FROM tab
+   ORDER BY (col IS NOT NULL)
+
+ +

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+
+ + + + + + + + + +
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+ ÔÚϵͳ±íºÍÔÚһЩ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÀïÄ㽫¿´µ½ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ¡£ +

+

+ ÉÏÃæËùÁеÄÇ°ËÄÖÖÀàÐÍÊÇ"varlena"£¨±ä³¤£©ÀàÐÍ£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬¿ªÍ·µÄËĸö×Ö½ÚÊdz¤¶È£¬ºóÃæ²ÅÊÇÊý¾Ý£©¡£ + ÓÚÊÇʵ¼ÊÕ¼ÓõĿռä±ÈÉùÃ÷µÄ´óСҪ¶àһЩ¡£ + È»¶øÕâЩÀàÐͶ¼¿ÉÒÔ±»Ñ¹Ëõ´æ´¢£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓà TOAST ÍÑ»ú´æ´¢£¬Òò´Ë´ÅÅÌ¿Õ¼äÒ²¿ÉÄܱÈÔ¤ÏëµÄÒªÉÙ¡£ +

+

+ VARCHAR(n) ÔÚ´æ´¢ÏÞÖÆÁË×î´ó³¤¶ÈµÄ±ä³¤×Ö·û´®ÊÇ×îºÃµÄ¡£ + TEXT ÊÊÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢×î´ó¿É´ï 1G×óÓÒµ«Î´¶¨ÒåÏÞÖƳ¤¶ÈµÄ×Ö·û´®¡£ +

+

+ CHAR(n) ×îÊʺÏÓÚ´æ´¢³¤¶ÈÏàͬµÄ×Ö·û´®¡£ CHAR(n)»á¸ù¾ÝËù¸ø¶¨µÄ×ֶ㤶ÈÒÔ¿Õ¸ñ²¹×㣨²»×ãµÄ×Ö¶ÎÄÚÈÝ£©£¬ + ¶ø VARCHAR(n) Ö»´æ´¢Ëù¸ø¶¨µÄÊý¾ÝÄÚÈÝ¡£ + BYTEA ÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ°üº¬ NULL ×Ö½ÚµÄÖµ¡£ÕâЩÀàÐ;ßÓÐÏàËƵÄÐÔÄÜÌØÐÔ¡£ +

+ + + +

4.11.1)ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×ֶΣ¿

+

+ PostgreSQL Ö§³Ö SERIAL Êý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¡£ËüÔÚ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ×Ô¶¯´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÍË÷Òý¡£ÀýÈ磺 +

+
+	CREATE TABLE person ( 
+		id   SERIAL, 
+		name TEXT 
+	);
+
+

+ »á×Ô¶¯×ª»»Îª£º +

+
+	CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq;
+	CREATE TABLE person ( 
+		id   INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'),
+		name TEXT
+	);
+
+

+ ²Î¿¼ create_sequence ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¹ØÓÚÐòÁеĸü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£ +

+ + +

4.11.2)ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁкŵÄÖµ£¿

+

+ Ò»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ²åÈë֮ǰÏÈÓú¯Êý nextval() ´ÓÐòÁжÔÏóÀï¼ìË÷³öÏÂÒ»¸ö SERIAL Öµ£¬È»ºóÔÙÏÔʽ²åÈ롣ʹÓà + 4.11.1 ÀïµÄÀý±í£¬¿ÉÓÃαÂëÕâÑùÃèÊö£º +

+
+	new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
+	execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')");
+
+

+ ÕâÑù»¹ÄÜÔÚÆäËû²éѯÖÐʹÓôæ·ÅÔÚ new_id ÀïµÄÐÂÖµ£¨ÀýÈ磬×÷Ϊ person ±íµÄÍâ¼ü£©¡£ + ×¢Òâ×Ô¶¯´´½¨µÄ SEQUENCE ¶ÔÏóµÄÃû³Æ½«»áÊÇ <table>_<serialcolumn>_seq£¬ + ÕâÀï table ºÍ serialcolumn ·Ö±ðÊÇÄãµÄ±íµÄÃû³ÆºÍÄãµÄ SERIAL ×ֶεÄÃû³Æ¡£ +

+

+ ÀàËƵģ¬ÔÚ SERIAL ¶ÔÏóȱʡ²åÈëºóÄã¿ÉÒÔÓú¯Êý currval() ¼ìË÷¸Õ¸³ÖµµÄ SERIAL Öµ£¬ÀýÈ磺 +

+
+	execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')");
+	new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");
+
+ +

4.11.3)ʹÓà currval() »áµ¼ÖºÍÆäËûÓû§µÄ³åÍ»Çé¿ö£¨race condition£©Âð£¿

+

+ ²»»á¡£currval() ·µ»ØµÄÊÇÄã±¾´Î»á»°½ø³ÌËù¸³µÄÖµ¶ø²»ÊÇËùÓÐÓû§µÄµ±Ç°Öµ¡£
+

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+ +


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+

+ PostgreSQL Àï´´½¨µÄÿһÐмǼ¶¼»á»ñµÃÒ»¸öΨһµÄOID£¬³ý·ÇÔÚ´´½¨±íʱʹÓÃWITHOUT OIDSÑ¡Ïî¡£ + OID´´½¨Ê±»á×Ô¶¯Éú³ÉÒ»¸ö4×Ö½ÚµÄÕûÊý£¬ËùÓÐ OID ÔÚÕû¸ö PostgreSQL ÖоùÊÇΨһµÄ¡£ È»¶ø£¬ËüÔÚ³¬¹ý40ÒÚʱ½«Òç³ö£¬ + OID´Ëºó»á³öÏÖÖظ´¡£PostgreSQL ÔÚËüµÄÄÚ²¿ÏµÍ³±íÀïʹÓà OID ÔÚ±íÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ¡£ +

+

+ ÔÚÓû§µÄÊý¾Ý±íÖУ¬×îºÃÊÇʹÓÃSERIAlÀ´´úÌæOID + ÒòΪSERIALÖ»ÊDZ£Ö¤ÔÚµ¥¸ö±íÖÐÊý¾ÝÊÇΨһµÄ£¬ÕâÑùËüÒç³öµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐԾͷdz£Ð¡ÁË£¬ + SERIAL8¿ÉÓÃÀ´±£´æ8×Ö½ÚµÄÐòÁкÅ×ֶΡ£ +

+ +

+ CTID ÓÃÓÚ±êʶ´ø×ÅÊý¾Ý¿é£¨µØÖ·£©ºÍ£¨¿éÄÚ£©Æ«ÒƵÄÌض¨µÄÎïÀíÐС£ + CTID ÔڼǼ±»¸ü¸Ä»òÖØÔغó·¢Éú¸Ä±ä¡£Ë÷ÒýÈë¿ÚʹÓÃËüÃÇÖ¸ÏòÎïÀíÐС£ +

+ + +

4.13)ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡°ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()¡±£¿

+

+ ÕâºÜ¿ÉÄÜÊÇϵͳµÄÐéÄâÄÚ´æÓùâÁË£¬»òÕßÄں˶ÔijЩ×ÊÔ´Óнϵ͵ÄÏÞÖÆÖµ¡£ÔÚÆô¶¯ postmaster ֮ǰÊÔÊÔÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁ +

+
+	ulimit -d 262144
+	limit datasize 256m
+
+

+ È¡¾öÓÚÄãÓÃµÄ shell£¬ÉÏÃæÃüÁîÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÌõÄܳɹ¦£¬µ«ÊÇËü½«°ÑÄãµÄ½ø³ÌÊý¾Ý¶ÎÏÞÖÆÉèµÃ±È½Ï¸ß£¬ + Òò¶øÒ²ÐíÄÜÈòéѯÍê³É¡£ÕâÌõÃüÁîÓ¦ÓÃÓÚµ±Ç°½ø³Ì£¬ÒÔ¼°ËùÓÐÔÚÕâÌõÃüÁîÔËÐк󴴽¨µÄ×Ó½ø³Ì¡£ + Èç¹ûÄãÊÇÔÚÔËÐÐSQL¿Í»§¶ËʱÒòΪºǫ́·µ»ØÁËÌ«¶àµÄÊý¾Ý¶ø³öÏÖÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÔÚÔËÐпͻ§¶Ë֮ǰִÐÐÉÏÊöÃüÁî¡£ +

+ +

4.14)ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿

+

+ ´Ó psql ÀÊäÈë SELECT version();Ö¸Áî¡£ +

+ +

4.15)ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öȱʡֵÊǵ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×ֶΣ¿

+

+ ʹÓà CURRENT_TIMESTAMP£º +

+
+	CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
+
+ + +

4.16)ÎÒÔõÑù½øÐÐ outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿

+

+ PostgreSQL ²ÉÓñê×¼µÄ SQL Óï·¨Ö§³ÖÍâÁ¬½Ó¡£ÕâÀïÊÇÁ½¸öÀý×Ó£º +

+
+	SELECT *
+	FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON (t1.col = t2.col);
+
+

»òÊÇ

+
+	SELECT *
+	FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING (col);
+
+

+ ÕâÁ½¸öµÈ¼ÛµÄ²éѯÔÚ t1.col ºÍ t2.col ÉÏ×öÁ¬½Ó£¬²¢ÇÒ·µ»Ø t1 ÖÐËùÓÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐУ¨ÄÇЩÔÚ t2 ÖÐûÓÐÆ¥ÅäµÄÐУ©¡£ + ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½Ó(RIGHT OUTER JOIN)½«·µ»Ø t2 ÖÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£ + ÍêÈ«ÍâÁ¬½Ó£¨FULL OUTER JOIN£©½«·µ»Ø t1 ºÍ t2 ÖÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£ + ¹Ø¼ü×Ö OUTER ÔÚ×ó[Íâ]Á¬½Ó¡¢ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½ÓºÍÍêÈ«[Íâ]Á¬½ÓÖÐÊÇ¿ÉÑ¡µÄ£¬ÆÕͨÁ¬½Ó±»³ÆΪÄÚÁ¬½Ó£¨INNER JOIN£©¡£ +

+ + +

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+

+ ûÓа취²éѯµ±Ç°Êý¾Ý¿âÖ®ÍâµÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£ + ÒòΪ PostgreSQL Òª¼ÓÔØÓëÊý¾Ý¿âÏà¹ØµÄϵͳĿ¼£¨ÏµÍ³±í£©£¬Òò´Ë¿çÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯÈçºÎÖ´ÐÐÊDz»¶¨µÄ¡£ +

+

+ ¸½¼ÓÔöֵģ¿écontrib/dblinkÔÊÐí²ÉÓú¯Êýµ÷ÓÃʵÏÖ¿ç¿â²éѯ¡£µ±È»Óû§Ò²¿ÉÒÔͬʱÁ¬½Óµ½²»Í¬µÄÊý¾Ý¿âÖ´ÐвéѯȻºóÔÚ¿Í»§¶ËºÏ²¢½á¹û¡£ +

+ +

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+

+ ÔÚº¯ÊýÖзµ»ØÊý¾Ý¼Ç¼¼¯µÄ¹¦ÄÜÊǺÜÈÝÒ×ʹÓõģ¬ÏêÇé²Î¼û£º + http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions +

+ +

4.19)ΪʲôÎÒÔÚʹÓÃPL/PgSQLº¯Êý´æÈ¡ÁÙʱ±íʱ»áÊÕµ½´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡°relation with OID ##### does not exist¡±£¿

+

+ PL/PgSQL»á»º´æº¯ÊýµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÓÉ´Ë´øÀ´µÄÒ»¸ö²»ºÃµÄ¸±×÷ÓÃÊÇÈôÒ»¸ö PL/PgSQL + º¯Êý·ÃÎÊÁËÒ»¸öÁÙʱ±í£¬È»ºó¸Ã±í±»É¾³ý²¢Öؽ¨ÁË£¬ÔòÔٴε÷Óøú¯Êý½«Ê§°Ü£¬ + ÒòΪ»º´æµÄº¯ÊýÄÚÈÝÈÔȻָÏò¾ÉµÄÁÙʱ±í¡£½â¾öµÄ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ PL/PgSQL ÖÐÓÃEXECUTE + ¶ÔÁÙʱ±í½øÐзÃÎÊ¡£ÕâÑù»á±£Ö¤²éѯÔÚÖ´ÐÐÇ°×ܻᱻÖØнâÎö¡£ +

+ +

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+

+ ¡°¸´ÖÆ¡±Ö»ÊÇÒ»¸öÊõÓÓкü¸ÖÖ¸´ÖƼ¼Êõ¿ÉʹÓã¬Ã¿ÖÖ¶¼ÓÐÓŵãºÍȱµã£º +

+

+ Ö÷/´Ó¸´ÖÆ·½Ê½ÊÇÔÊÐíÒ»¸öÖ÷·þÎñÆ÷½ÓÊܶÁ/дµÄÉêÇ룬¶ø¶à¸ö´Ó·þÎñÆ÷Ö»ÄܽÓÊܶÁ/SELECT²éѯµÄÉêÇ룬 + Ä¿Ç°×îÁ÷ÐÐÇÒÊÇÃâ·ÑµÄÖ÷/´Ó PostgreSQL¸´ÖÆ·½°¸ÊÇ + Slony-I ¡£ +

+

+ ¶à¸öÖ÷·þÎñÆ÷µÄ¸´ÖÆ·½Ê½ÔÊÐí½«¶Á/дµÄÉêÇë·¢Ë͸ø¶ą̀µÄ¼ÆËã»ú£¬ÕâÖÖ·½Ê½ÓÉÓÚÐèÒªÔÚ¶ą̀·þÎñÆ÷Ö®¼äͬ²½Êý¾Ý±ä¶¯ + ¿ÉÄÜ»á´øÀ´½ÏÑÏÖصÄÐÔÄÜËðʧ£¬PgclusterÊÇÄ¿Ç°ÕâÖÖ·½°¸ + ÖÐ×îºÃµÄ£¬¶øÇÒ»¹¿ÉÒÔÃâ·ÑÏÂÔØ¡£ +

+

+ Ò²ÓÐһЩÉÌÒµÐ踶·ÑºÍ»ùÓÚÓ²¼þµÄÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆ·½°¸£¬Ö§³ÖÉÏÊö¸÷ÖÖ¸´ÖÆÄ£ÐÍ¡£ +

+ + + + + + -- 2.40.0