From 20b9683327326c2f563e29a8011af85459ba83b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yoshiki Hayashi Date: Fri, 12 Jul 2002 11:16:16 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] New Japanese translation. Submitted by: Hiroaki KAWAI Reviewed by: Yoshiki Hayashi git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk@96025 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68 --- docs/manual/content-negotiation.html | 622 ------------------ docs/manual/content-negotiation.html.ja.jis | 659 ++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 659 insertions(+), 622 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 docs/manual/content-negotiation.html create mode 100644 docs/manual/content-negotiation.html.ja.jis diff --git a/docs/manual/content-negotiation.html b/docs/manual/content-negotiation.html deleted file mode 100644 index 0f4e03ce31..0000000000 --- a/docs/manual/content-negotiation.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,622 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - Apache Content Negotiation - - - - - - -

Content Negotiation

- -

Apache's supports content negotiation as described in - the HTTP/1.1 specification. It can choose the best - representation of a resource based on the browser-supplied - preferences for media type, languages, character set and - encoding. It also implements a couple of features to give - more intelligent handling of requests from browsers that send - incomplete negotiation information.

- -

Content negotiation is provided by the mod_negotiation module, - which is compiled in by default.

- -

About Content Negotiation

- -

A resource may be available in several different - representations. For example, it might be available in - different languages or different media types, or a combination. - One way of selecting the most appropriate choice is to give the - user an index page, and let them select. However it is often - possible for the server to choose automatically. This works - because browsers can send as part of each request information - about what representations they prefer. For example, a browser - could indicate that it would like to see information in French, - if possible, else English will do. Browsers indicate their - preferences by headers in the request. To request only French - representations, the browser would send

-  Accept-Language: fr
-

- -

Note that this preference will only be applied when there is - a choice of representations and they vary by language.

- -

As an example of a more complex request, this browser has - been configured to accept French and English, but prefer - French, and to accept various media types, preferring HTML over - plain text or other text types, and preferring GIF or JPEG over - other media types, but also allowing any other media type as a - last resort:

-  Accept-Language: fr; q=1.0, en; q=0.5
-  Accept: text/html; q=1.0, text/*; q=0.8, image/gif; q=0.6,
-        image/jpeg; q=0.6, image/*; q=0.5, */*; q=0.1
-

- Apache supports 'server driven' content negotiation, as - defined in the HTTP/1.1 specification. It fully supports the - Accept, Accept-Language, Accept-Charset and Accept-Encoding - request headers. Apache also supports 'transparent' - content negotiation, which is an experimental negotiation - protocol defined in RFC 2295 and RFC 2296. It does not offer - support for 'feature negotiation' as defined in these RFCs. - -

A resource is a conceptual entity - identified by a URI (RFC 2396). An HTTP server like Apache - provides access to representations of the - resource(s) within its namespace, with each representation in - the form of a sequence of bytes with a defined media type, - character set, encoding, etc. Each resource may be associated - with zero, one, or more than one representation at any given - time. If multiple representations are available, the resource - is referred to as negotiable and each of its - representations is termed a variant. The ways - in which the variants for a negotiable resource vary are called - the dimensions of negotiation.

- -

Negotiation in Apache

- -

In order to negotiate a resource, the server needs to be - given information about each of the variants. This is done in - one of two ways:

- -

Using a type map (i.e., a *.var - file) which names the files containing the variants - explicitly, or
Using a 'MultiViews' search, where the server does an - implicit filename pattern match and chooses from among the - results.

- -

Using a type-map file

- -

A type map is a document which is associated with the - handler named type-map (or, for - backwards-compatibility with older Apache configurations, the - mime type application/x-type-map). Note that to - use this feature, you must have a handler set in the - configuration that defines a file suffix as - type-map; this is best done with a

-  AddHandler type-map .var
-

- in the server configuration file. - -

Type map files should have the same name as the resource - which they are describing, and have an entry for each available - variant; these entries consist of contiguous HTTP-format header - lines. Entries for different variants are separated by blank - lines. Blank lines are illegal within an entry. It is - conventional to begin a map file with an entry for the combined - entity as a whole (although this is not required, and if - present will be ignored). An example map file is shown below. - This file would be named foo.var, as it describes - a resource named foo.

-  URI: foo
-
-  URI: foo.en.html
-  Content-type: text/html
-  Content-language: en
-
-  URI: foo.fr.de.html
-  Content-type: text/html;charset=iso-8859-2
-  Content-language: fr, de
-

- Note also that a typemap file will take precedence over the - filename's extension, even when Multiviews is on. If the - variants have different source qualities, that may be indicated - by the "qs" parameter to the media type, as in this picture - (available as jpeg, gif, or ASCII-art): -

-  URI: foo
-
-  URI: foo.jpeg
-  Content-type: image/jpeg; qs=0.8
-
-  URI: foo.gif
-  Content-type: image/gif; qs=0.5
-
-  URI: foo.txt
-  Content-type: text/plain; qs=0.01
-

- -

qs values can vary in the range 0.000 to 1.000. Note that - any variant with a qs value of 0.000 will never be chosen. - Variants with no 'qs' parameter value are given a qs factor of - 1.0. The qs parameter indicates the relative 'quality' of this - variant compared to the other available variants, independent - of the client's capabilities. For example, a jpeg file is - usually of higher source quality than an ascii file if it is - attempting to represent a photograph. However, if the resource - being represented is an original ascii art, then an ascii - representation would have a higher source quality than a jpeg - representation. A qs value is therefore specific to a given - variant depending on the nature of the resource it - represents.

- -

The full list of headers recognized is available in the mod_negotation - documentation.

- - -

Multiviews

- -

MultiViews is a per-directory option, meaning - it can be set with an Options directive within a - <Directory>, <Location> - or <Files> section in - access.conf, or (if AllowOverride is - properly set) in .htaccess files. Note that - Options All does not set MultiViews; - you have to ask for it by name.

- -

The effect of MultiViews is as follows: if the - server receives a request for /some/dir/foo, if - /some/dir has MultiViews enabled, and - /some/dir/foo does not exist, then the - server reads the directory looking for files named foo.*, and - effectively fakes up a type map which names all those files, - assigning them the same media types and content-encodings it - would have if the client had asked for one of them by name. It - then chooses the best match to the client's requirements.

- -

MultiViews may also apply to searches for the - file named by the DirectoryIndex directive, if the - server is trying to index a directory. If the configuration - files specify

-  DirectoryIndex index
-

- then the server will arbitrate between index.html - and index.html3 if both are present. If neither - are present, and index.cgi is there, the server - will run it. - -

If one of the files found when reading the directory does not - have an extension recognized by mod_mime to designate - its Charset, Content-Type, Language, or Encoding, then the result - depends on the setting of the MultiViewsMatch - directive. This directive determines whether handlers, filters, - and other extension types can participate in MultiViews - negotiation.

- -

The Negotiation Methods

- After Apache has obtained a list of the variants for a given - resource, either from a type-map file or from the filenames in - the directory, it invokes one of two methods to decide on the - 'best' variant to return, if any. It is not necessary to know - any of the details of how negotiation actually takes place in - order to use Apache's content negotiation features. However the - rest of this document explains the methods used for those - interested. - -

There are two negotiation methods:

- -

Server driven negotiation with the Apache - algorithm is used in the normal case. The Apache - algorithm is explained in more detail below. When this - algorithm is used, Apache can sometimes 'fiddle' the quality - factor of a particular dimension to achieve a better result. - The ways Apache can fiddle quality factors is explained in - more detail below.
Transparent content negotiation is used - when the browser specifically requests this through the - mechanism defined in RFC 2295. This negotiation method gives - the browser full control over deciding on the 'best' variant, - the result is therefore dependent on the specific algorithms - used by the browser. As part of the transparent negotiation - process, the browser can ask Apache to run the 'remote - variant selection algorithm' defined in RFC 2296.

- -

Dimensions of Negotiation

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Dimension	Notes
Media Type	Browser indicates preferences with the Accept header - field. Each item can have an associated quality factor. - Variant description can also have a quality factor (the - "qs" parameter).
Language	Browser indicates preferences with the Accept-Language - header field. Each item can have a quality factor. Variants - can be associated with none, one or more than one - language.
Encoding	Browser indicates preference with the Accept-Encoding - header field. Each item can have a quality factor.
Charset	Browser indicates preference with the Accept-Charset - header field. Each item can have a quality factor. Variants - can indicate a charset as a parameter of the media - type.

- -

Apache Negotiation Algorithm

- -

Apache can use the following algorithm to select the 'best' - variant (if any) to return to the browser. This algorithm is - not further configurable. It operates as follows:

- -

First, for each dimension of the negotiation, check the - appropriate Accept* header field and assign a - quality to each variant. If the Accept* header for - any dimension implies that this variant is not acceptable, - eliminate it. If no variants remain, go to step 4.
- Select the 'best' variant by a process of elimination. Each - of the following tests is applied in order. Any variants - not selected at each test are eliminated. After each test, - if only one variant remains, select it as the best match - and proceed to step 3. If more than one variant remains, - move on to the next test. - -
1. Multiply the quality factor from the Accept header - with the quality-of-source factor for this variant's - media type, and select the variants with the highest - value.
2. Select the variants with the highest language quality - factor.
3. Select the variants with the best language match, - using either the order of languages in the - Accept-Language header (if present), or else the order of - languages in the LanguagePriority directive - (if present).
4. Select the variants with the highest 'level' media - parameter (used to give the version of text/html media - types).
5. Select variants with the best charset media - parameters, as given on the Accept-Charset header line. - Charset ISO-8859-1 is acceptable unless explicitly - excluded. Variants with a text/* media type - but not explicitly associated with a particular charset - are assumed to be in ISO-8859-1.
6. Select those variants which have associated charset - media parameters that are not ISO-8859-1. If - there are no such variants, select all variants - instead.
7. Select the variants with the best encoding. If there - are variants with an encoding that is acceptable to the - user-agent, select only these variants. Otherwise if - there is a mix of encoded and non-encoded variants, - select only the unencoded variants. If either all - variants are encoded or all variants are not encoded, - select all variants.
8. Select the variants with the smallest content - length.
9. Select the first variant of those remaining. This - will be either the first listed in the type-map file, or - when variants are read from the directory, the one whose - file name comes first when sorted using ASCII code - order.
-
The algorithm has now selected one 'best' variant, so - return it as the response. The HTTP response header Vary is - set to indicate the dimensions of negotiation (browsers and - caches can use this information when caching the resource). - End.
To get here means no variant was selected (because none - are acceptable to the browser). Return a 406 status (meaning - "No acceptable representation") with a response body - consisting of an HTML document listing the available - variants. Also set the HTTP Vary header to indicate the - dimensions of variance.

- -

Fiddling with Quality - Values

- -

Apache sometimes changes the quality values from what would - be expected by a strict interpretation of the Apache - negotiation algorithm above. This is to get a better result - from the algorithm for browsers which do not send full or - accurate information. Some of the most popular browsers send - Accept header information which would otherwise result in the - selection of the wrong variant in many cases. If a browser - sends full and correct information these fiddles will not be - applied.

- -

Media Types and Wildcards

- -

The Accept: request header indicates preferences for media - types. It can also include 'wildcard' media types, such as - "image/*" or "*/*" where the * matches any string. So a request - including:

-  Accept: image/*, */*
-

- would indicate that any type starting "image/" is acceptable, - as is any other type (so the first "image/*" is redundant). - Some browsers routinely send wildcards in addition to explicit - types they can handle. For example: -

-  Accept: text/html, text/plain, image/gif, image/jpeg, */*
-

- The intention of this is to indicate that the explicitly listed - types are preferred, but if a different representation is - available, that is ok too. However under the basic algorithm, - as given above, the */* wildcard has exactly equal preference - to all the other types, so they are not being preferred. The - browser should really have sent a request with a lower quality - (preference) value for *.*, such as: -

-  Accept: text/html, text/plain, image/gif, image/jpeg, */*; q=0.01
-

- The explicit types have no quality factor, so they default to a - preference of 1.0 (the highest). The wildcard */* is given a - low preference of 0.01, so other types will only be returned if - no variant matches an explicitly listed type. - -

If the Accept: header contains no q factors at all, - Apache sets the q value of "*/*", if present, to 0.01 to - emulate the desired behavior. It also sets the q value of - wildcards of the format "type/*" to 0.02 (so these are - preferred over matches against "*/*". If any media type on the - Accept: header contains a q factor, these special values are - not applied, so requests from browsers which send the - correct information to start with work as expected.

- -

Language Negotiation Exceptions

- -

New in Apache 2.0, some exceptions have been added to the - negotiation algorithm to allow graceful fallback when language - negotiation fails to find a match.

- -

When a client requests a page on your server, but the server - cannot find a single page that matches the Accept-language sent by - the browser, the server will return either a "No Acceptable - Variant" or "Multiple Choices" response to the client. To avoid - these error messages, it is possible to configure Apache to ignore - the Accept-language in these cases and provide a document that - does not explictly match the client's request. The ForceLanguagePriority - directive can be used to override one or both of these error - messages and subsitute the servers judgement in the form of the LanguagePriority - directive.

- -

The server will also attempt to match language-subsets when no - other match can be found. For example, if a client requests - documents with the language en-GB for British - English, the server is not normally allowed by the HTTP/1.1 - standard to match that against a document that is marked as simply - en. (Note that it is almost surely a configuration - error to include en-GB and not en in the - Accept-Language header, since it is very unlikely that a reader - understands British English, but doesn't understand English in - general. Unfortunately, many current clients have default - configurations that resemble this.) However, if no other language - match is possible and the server is about to return a "No - Acceptable Variants" error or fallback to the - LanguagePriority, the server will ignore the subset - specification and match en-GB against en - documents. Implicitly, Apache will add the parent language to - the client's acceptable language list with a very low quality - value. But note that if the client requests "en-GB; qs=0.9, fr; - qs=0.8", and the server has documents designated "en" and "fr", - then the "fr" document will be returned. This is necessary to - maintain compliance with the HTTP/1.1 specification and to work - effectively with properly configured clients.

- - -

Extensions to Transparent Content Negotiation

- Apache extends the transparent content negotiation protocol - (RFC 2295) as follows. A new {encoding ..} element - is used in variant lists to label variants which are available - with a specific content-encoding only. The implementation of - the RVSA/1.0 algorithm (RFC 2296) is extended to recognize - encoded variants in the list, and to use them as candidate - variants whenever their encodings are acceptable according to - the Accept-Encoding request header. The RVSA/1.0 implementation - does not round computed quality factors to 5 decimal places - before choosing the best variant. - -

Note on hyperlinks and naming conventions

- -

If you are using language negotiation you can choose between - different naming conventions, because files can have more than - one extension, and the order of the extensions is normally - irrelevant (see the mod_mime documentation - for details).

- -

A typical file has a MIME-type extension (e.g., - html), maybe an encoding extension (e.g., - gz), and of course a language extension - (e.g., en) when we have different - language variants of this file.

- -

Examples:

- -

foo.en.html
foo.html.en
foo.en.html.gz

- -

Here some more examples of filenames together with valid and - invalid hyperlinks:

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Filename	Valid hyperlink	Invalid hyperlink
foo.html.en	foo - foo.html	-
foo.en.html	foo	foo.html
foo.html.en.gz	foo - foo.html	foo.gz - foo.html.gz
foo.en.html.gz	foo	foo.html - foo.html.gz - foo.gz
foo.gz.html.en	foo - foo.gz - foo.gz.html	foo.html
foo.html.gz.en	foo - foo.html - foo.html.gz	foo.gz

- -

Looking at the table above you will notice that it is always - possible to use the name without any extensions in an hyperlink - (e.g., foo). The advantage is that you - can hide the actual type of a document rsp. file and can change - it later, e.g., from html to - shtml or cgi without changing any - hyperlink references.

- -

If you want to continue to use a MIME-type in your - hyperlinks (e.g. foo.html) the language - extension (including an encoding extension if there is one) - must be on the right hand side of the MIME-type extension - (e.g., foo.html.en).

- -

Note on Caching

- -

When a cache stores a representation, it associates it with - the request URL. The next time that URL is requested, the cache - can use the stored representation. But, if the resource is - negotiable at the server, this might result in only the first - requested variant being cached and subsequent cache hits might - return the wrong response. To prevent this, Apache normally - marks all responses that are returned after content negotiation - as non-cacheable by HTTP/1.0 clients. Apache also supports the - HTTP/1.1 protocol features to allow caching of negotiated - responses.

- -

For requests which come from a HTTP/1.0 compliant client - (either a browser or a cache), the directive - CacheNegotiatedDocs can be used to allow caching of - responses which were subject to negotiation. This directive can - be given in the server config or virtual host, and takes no - arguments. It has no effect on requests from HTTP/1.1 clients. - -

More Information

- -

For more information about content negotiation, see Alan - J. Flavell's Language - Negotiation Notes. But note that this document may not be - updated to include changes in Apache 2.0.

- - - - - diff --git a/docs/manual/content-negotiation.html.ja.jis b/docs/manual/content-negotiation.html.ja.jis new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f861f592f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/content-negotiation.html.ja.jis @@ -0,0 +1,659 @@ + + + + + + + Apache $B%3%s%F%s%H%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s(B + + + + + + + +

$B%3%s%F%s%H%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s(B

+ +

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$B%3%s%F%s%H%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$O(B mod_negotiation + $B%b%8%e!<%k$K$h$j(B + $BDs6!$5$l$F$$$F!"%G%U%)%k%H$GAH$_9~$^$l$F$$$^$9!#(B

+ +

$B%3%s%F%s%H%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$K$D$$$F(B

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$B%j%=!<%9$O!"4v$D$+0[$J$C$?I=8=$GMxMQ$G$-$k>l9g$,$"$j$^$9!#(B + $BNc$($P!"0[$J$k8@8l$d0[$J$k%a%G%#%"%?%$%W!"(B + $B$^$?$O$=$l$i$NAH$_9g$o$;$GMxMQ$G$-$k$+$bCN$l$^$;$s!#(B + $B$b$C$H$bE,$7$?A*Br$r$9$kJ}K!$N0l$D$K$O!"%$%s%G%C%/%9%Z!<%8$r(B + $B%f!<%6$K8+$;$F!"%f!<%6$KA*$s$G$b$i$&J}K!$,$"$j$^$9!#(B + $B$7$+$7!"%5!<%P$,<+F0E*$KA*$V$3$H$,$G$-$k>l9g$,B?$/$"$j$^$9!#(B + $B$3$l$O!"%V%i%&%6$,%j%/%(%9%H>pJsKh$N>pJs$N0lIt$K!"(B + $B$I$NI=8=$rSO9%$9$k$+$rAw$k$3$H$GF0:n$7$F$$$^$9!#(B + $BNc$($P%V%i%&%6$O!"2DG=$J$i%U%i%s%98l$G>pJs$r8+$?$$!"(B + $BIT2DG=$J$i$=$NBe$o$j$K1Q8l$G$b$h$$$H!"(B + $B<+J,$NSO9%$rCN$i$;$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B + $B%V%i%&%6$O%j%/%(%9%H$N%X%C%@$G<+J,$NM%@h798~$rCN$i$;$^$9!#(B + $B%U%i%s%98l$N$_$NI=8=$rMW5a$9$k>l9g$O!"%V%i%&%6$O +

+  Accept-Language: fr
+

+ +

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+

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$B%?%$%W%^%C%W$O(B type-map $B%O%s%I%i(B + ($B$b$7$/$O!"8E$$(B Apache + $B$N@_Dj$H2<0L8_49$G$"$k(B mime $B%?%$%W(B + application/x-type-map) + $B$K4XO"IU$1$i$l$?%I%-%e%a%s%H$G$9!#(B + $B$3$N5!G=$r;H$&$?$a$K$O!"$"$k%U%!%$%k$N3HD%;R$r(B + type-map + $B$H$7$FDj5A$9$k$h$&$J%O%s%I%i$r!"(B + $B@_Dj%U%!%$%kCf$KCV$/I,MW$,$"$k$3$H$KCm0U$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B + $B$3$l$O(B
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+ AddHandler type-map .var +
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$B%?%$%W%^%C%W%U%!%$%k$O5-=R$9$k%j%=!<%9$HF1$8L>A0$r;}$C$F$$$F!"(B + $BMxMQ2DG=$J(B variant $B$=$l$>$l$N%(%s%H%j$r;}$C$F$$$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B + $B$=$7$F!"$3$N%(%s%H%j$OO"B3$7$?(B HTTP $B$N%X%C%@9T$G9=@.$5$l$^$9!#(B + $B0[$J$k(B variant $B$N$?$a$N%(%s%H%j$O6u9T$G6h@Z$i$l$F$$$^$9!#(B + $B%(%s%H%jCf$K6u9T$,J#?t$"$C$F$O$$$1$^$;$s!#(B + $B=,47E*$K$O!"%^%C%W%U%!%$%k$OA4BN$r7k9g$7$?$b$N$N%(%s%H%j$+$i;O$^$j$^$9(B + ($B$7$+$7$3$l$OI,?\$G$O$J$/!"$"$C$?$H$7$F$bL5;k$5$l$k$b$N$G$9(B)$B!#(B + $Bfoo + $B$r5-=R$7$F$$$k$N$G!"(Bfoo.var $B$H$$$&L>A0$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
+
+ URI: foo + + URI: foo.en.html + Content-type: text/html + Content-language: en + + URI: foo.fr.de.html + Content-type: text/html;charset=iso-8859-2 + Content-language: fr, de +
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$BG'<1$5$l$k%X%C%@$N0lMw$O(B + mod_negotiation + $B%I%-%e%a%s%H$K$"$j$^$9!#(B
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Multiviews
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$B%5!<%P$,%G%#%l%/%H%j$N:w0z$r:n$m$&$H$7$F$$$k$H!"(B + MultiViews + $B$O(B DirectoryIndex + $B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$G;XDj$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$rC5$92aDx$K$b(B + $BE,MQ$5$l$^$9!#@_Dj%U%!%$%k$K(B
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$B%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%sJ}K!(B
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$B%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%sJ}K!$OFs$D$"$j$^$9!#(B
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+
$BDL>o$O(B Apache $B$N%"%k%4%j%:%`$rMQ$$$?(B Server + driven negotiation $B$,;HMQ$5$l$^$9!#(BApache + $B$N%"%k%4%j%:%`$O8e$K>\:Y$K@bL@$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B + $B$3$N%"%k%4%j%:%`$,;HMQ$5$l$?>l9g!"(BApache + $B$O$h$jNI$$7k2L$K$J$k$h$&$K!"FCDj$N$BIJ$B$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(BApache + $B$,IJ\:Y$K@bL@$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
+ +
RFC 2295 + $B$GDj5A$5$l$F$$$k5!9=$rMQ$$$F%V%i%&%6$,FC$K;XDj$7$?>l9g!"(B + transparent content negotiation + $B$,;HMQ$5$l$^$9!#$3$N%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%sJ}K!$G$O!"!V:GE,$J!W(B + variant $B$N7hDj$r%V%i%&%6$,40A4$K@)8f$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B + $B$G$9$+$i!"7k2L$O%V%i%&%6$,;HMQ$7$F$$$k%"%k%4%j%:%`$K0MB8$7$^$9!#(B + Transparent negotiation $B$N=hM}$N2aDx$G!"%V%i%&%6$O(B RFC 2296 + $B$G(B $BDj5A$5$l$F$$$k(B 'remote variant selection algorithm' + $B$r +
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$B%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$N + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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$BJ8;z%;%C%H(B $B%V%i%&%6$O(B Accept-Charset + $B%X%C%@%U%#!<%k%I$GM%@h798~$r;XDj$7$^$9!#(B + $BMWAG$=$l$>$l$KIJ +
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variant $B$N%a%G%#%"%?%$%W$NIJ + +
$B8@8lIJ + +
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Apache 2.0 $B$G$O?7$?$K!"8@8l%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$,E,9g$9$k$b$N$r(B + $B8+$D$1$k$N$K<:GT$7$?;~$K!"M%2m$K%U%)!<%k%P%C%/$G$-$k$h$&$J(B + $B%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s%"%k%4%j%:%`$,4v$D$+DI2C$5$l$^$7$?!#(B
+ +
$B%5!<%P$N%Z!<%8$r%/%i%$%"%s%H$,%j%/%(%9%H$7$?$1$l$I$b!"(B + $B%V%i%&%6$NAw$C$F$-$?(B Accept-Language $B$K9gCW$9$k%Z!<%8$,0l$D$b(B + $B8+$D$+$i$J$+$C$?>l9g$K!"%5!<%P$O(B "No Acceptable Variant" + $B$+(B "Multiple Choices" $B%l%9%]%s%9$r%/%i%$%"%s%H$KJV$7$^$9!#(B + $B$3$l$i$N%(%i!<%a%C%;!<%8$rJV$5$J$$$h$&$K!"(B + $B$3$N$h$&$J>l9g$K$O(B Apache $B$,(B Accept-Language $B$rL5;k$7$F!"(B + $B%/%i%$%"%s%H$N%j%/%(%9%H$KL@<(E*$K$O9gCW$7$J$$%I%-%e%a%s%H$r(B + $BDs6!$9$k$h$&$K@_Dj$G$-$^$9!#(B + ForceLanguagePriority + $B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$O!"$3$l$i$N%(%i!<$N0l$D$+N>J}$r%*!<%P!<%i%$%I$9$k$?$a$K(B + $B;HMQ$G$-$F!"(B + LanguagePriority + $B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$NFbMF$r;H$C$F%5!<%P$NH=CG$rBe9T$9$k$h$&$K$G$-$^$9!#(B
+ +
$B%5!<%P$OB>$KE,9g$9$k$b$N$,8+$D$+$i$J$1$l$P!"(B + $B8@8l%5%V%;%C%H$GE,9g$9$k$b$N$r;n$=$&$H$b$7$^$9!#(B + $BNc$($P%/%i%$%"%s%H$,1Q9q1Q8l$G$"$k(B en-GB $B8@8l$G(B + $B%I%-%e%a%s%H$r%j%/%(%9%H$7$?>l9g!"%5!<%P$O(B HTTP/1.1 + $B5,3J$G$O!"C1$K(B en $B$H%^!<%/$5$l$F$$$k%I%-%e%a%s%H$r(B + $B%^%C%A$9$k$b$N$H$9$k$3$H$ODL>o$O5v$5$l$F$$$^$;$s!#(B + ($B1Q9q1Q8l$OM}2r$G$-$k$1$I0lHLE*$J1Q8l$OM}2r$G$-$J$$$H$$$&FI$_en-GB + $B$r4^$s$G(B en $B$r4^$^$J$$$N$O$[$\3N$N8@8l$K$O%^%C%A$;$:!"(B"No Acceptable Variants" + $B%(%i!<$rJV$7$?$j!"(B LanguagePriority $B$K%U%)!<%k%P%C%/(B + $B$7$h$&$H$7$F$$$k$H$-$O!"(B + $B%5%V%;%C%H;XDj$rL5;k$7$F!"(Ben-GB $B$r(B en + $B$K%^%C%A$7$^$9!#(B + Apache $B$O%/%i%$%"%s%H$N5vMF8@8l%j%9%H$K0EL[$K(B + $BHs>o$KDc$$IJl9g$O!"(B + "fr" $B%I%-%e%a%s%H$,JV$5$l$k$3$H$KCm0U$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B + $B$3$N$h$&$J=hM}$O!"(BHTTP 1.1 $B5,3J$H$N@09g@-$r0];}$7$F!"(B + $BE,@Z$K@_Dj$5$l$?%/%i%$%"%s%H$H$b$-$A$s$HF0:n$9$k$?$a$K(B + $BI,MW$G$9!#(B
+ + +
Transparent Content Negotiation $B$N3HD%(B
+ Apache $B$O(B transparent content negotiation $B%W%m%H%3%k(B + (RFC 2295) $B$r{encoding ..} + $BMWAG$r(B variant $B%j%9%HCf$K;H$C$F$$$^$9!#(B + $B%j%9%HCf$N%(%s%3!<%I$5$l$?(B variant $B$rG'<1$7!"(B + Accept-Encoding $B%j%/%(%9%H%X%C%@$K=>$C$F5vMF$5$l$k(B + $B%(%s%3!<%I$r$b$C$?(B variant $B$O!"$I$l$G$b8uJd(B variant + $B$H$7$F;HMQ$9$k$h$&$K!"(B + RVSA/1.0 $B%"%k%4%j%:%`(B (RFC 2296) $B$N.?tE@0J2<(B 5 $B7e$^$G4]$a$^$;$s!#(B + +
$B%j%s%/$HL>A0$NJQ49$K4X$9$kCm0UE@(B
+ +
$B8@8l%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$r;H$C$F$$$k>l9g$O!"(B + $B%U%!%$%k$,0l$D0J>e$N3HD%;R$r;}$F$F!"(B + $B3HD%;R$N=gHV$ODL>o$O9MN8$5$l$J$$(B + ($B>\:Y$O(B mod_mime + $B$r;2>H(B) $B$N$G!"(B + $B4v$D$+$N0[$J$kL>A0$NJQ49$rA*$Y$k$3$H$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
+ +
$BE57?E*$J%U%!%$%k$G$O!"(BMIME $B%?%$%W3HD%;R(B ($BNc$($P(B + html) $B$r;}$C$F$$$F!"%(%s%3!<%G%#%s%03HD%;R(B + ($BNc$($P(B gz) $B$r;}$C$F$$$k$+$b$7$l$J$/$F!"(B + $B$3$N%U%!%$%k$K0[$J$k8@8l(B variant $B$rMQ0U$7$F$$$l$P!"(B + $B$b$A$m$s8@8l3HD%;R(B ($BNc$($P(B en) + $B$r;}$C$F$$$k$G$7$g$&!#(B
+ +
$BNc(B:
+ +
+
foo.en.html
+ +
foo.html.en
+ +
foo.en.html.gz
+
+ +
$B%U%!%$%kL>$H!"$=$l$KBP$7$F;H$($k%j%s%/$H;H$($J$$%j%s%/$NNc$G$9(B:
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
$B%U%!%$%kL>(B $B;H$($k%j%s%/(B $B;H$($J$$%j%s%/(B
foo.html.en foo
+ foo.html -
foo.en.html foo foo.html
foo.html.en.gz foo
+ foo.html foo.gz
+ foo.html.gz
foo.en.html.gz foo foo.html
+ foo.html.gz
+ foo.gz
foo.gz.html.en foo
+ foo.gz
+ foo.gz.html foo.html
foo.html.gz.en foo
+ foo.html
+ foo.html.gz foo.gz
+ +
$B>e$NI=$r8+$F!"3HD%;R$J$7$N%j%s%/(B ($BNc$($P(B foo) + $B$,$$$D$G$b;H$($k$3$H$K5$$,IU$/$G$7$g$&!#(B + $B$3$NMxE@$O!"%I%-%e%a%s%H$H$7$F1~Ez$9$k%U%!%$%k$N(B + $BH$rJQ99$9$k$3$H$J$/(B + $B8e$+$i%U%!%$%k$rJQ99$G$-$k!"(B + $BNc$($P(B html $B$+$i(B shtml + $B$K!"$"$k$$$O(B cgi $B$KJQ99$G$-$kE@$G$9!#(B
+ +
$B%j%s%/$K(B MIME $B%?%$%W$r;H$$B3$1$?$$(B ($BNc$($P(B + foo.html)$B;~$O!"8@8l3HD%;R$O(B + ($B%(%s%3!<%G%#%s%03HD%;R$b$"$l$P$=$l$b4^$a$F(B) + MIME $B%?%$%W3HD%;R$N1&B&$K$J$1$l$P$J$j$^$;$s(B + ($BNc$($P(B foo.html.en)$B!#(B
+ +
$B%-%c%C%7%e$K4X$9$kCm0U;v9`(B
+ +
$B%-%c%C%7%e$,0l$D$NI=8=$rJ]B8$7$F$$$k$H$-$O!"(B + $B%j%/%(%9%H(B URL $B$H4XO"$E$1$i$l$F$$$^$9!#(B + $B + +
HTTP/1.0 $B=`5r$N%/%i%$%"%s%H$+$i$N%j%/%(%9%H$KBP$7$F$O!"(B + ($B%V%i%&%6$G$"$m$&$H%-%c%C%7%e$G$"$m$&$H(B) + $B%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$rCacheNegotiatedDocs $B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$r;HMQ$G$-$^$9!#(B + $B$3$N%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$O!"%5!<%P@_Dj%U%!%$%k$d%P!<%A%c%k%[%9%H$K=q$/$3$H$,$G$-!"(B + $B0z?t$r$H$j$^$;$s!#(B + HTTP/1.1 $B%/%i%$%"%s%H$+$i$N%j%/%(%9%H$K$O8zNO$r;}$A$^$;$s!#(B
+ +
$BDI2C>pJs(B
+ +
$B%3%s%F%s%H%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$K4X$9$kDI2C>pJs$O!"(B + Alan J. Flavell $B$5$s$N(BLanguage + Negotiation Notes $B$r$4Mw2<$5$$!#$G$9$,!"(B + Apache 2.0 $B$G$NJQ99E@$r4^$`$?$a$K$O99?7$5$l$F$$$J$$$+$b$7$l$J$$(B + $B$H$$$&$3$H$KCm0U$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
+ + + + + -- 2.40.0

$B + +	$B@bL@(B
$B%a%G%#%"%?%$%W(B	$B%V%i%&%6$O(B Accept + $B%X%C%@%U%#!<%k%I$GM%@h798~$r;XDj$7$^$9!#(B + $B%"%$%F%`$=$l$>$l$O!"4XO"$7$?IJ +
$B8@8l(B	$B%V%i%&%6$O(B Accept-Language + $B%X%C%@%U%#!<%k%I$GM%@h798~$r;XDj$7$^$9!#(B + $BMWAG$=$l$>$l$KIJe$N8@8l$H(B + $B4XO"$E$1$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B%(%s%3!<%G%#%s%0(B	$B%V%i%&%6$O(B Accept-Encoding + $B%X%C%@%U%#!<%k%I$GM%@h798~$r;XDj$7$^$9!#(B + $BMWAG$=$l$>$l$KIJ +
$BJ8;z%;%C%H(B	$B%V%i%&%6$O(B Accept-Charset + $B%X%C%@%U%#!<%k%I$GM%@h798~$r;XDj$7$^$9!#(B + $BMWAG$=$l$>$l$KIJ +

$B%U%!%$%kL>(B	$B;H$($k%j%s%/(B	$B;H$($J$$%j%s%/(B
foo.html.en	foo + foo.html	-
foo.en.html	foo	foo.html
foo.html.en.gz	foo + foo.html	foo.gz + foo.html.gz
foo.en.html.gz	foo	foo.html + foo.html.gz + foo.gz
foo.gz.html.en	foo + foo.gz + foo.gz.html	foo.html
foo.html.gz.en	foo + foo.html + foo.html.gz	foo.gz

Content Negotiation

About Content Negotiation

Negotiation in Apache

Using a type-map file

Multiviews

The Negotiation Methods

Dimensions of Negotiation

Apache Negotiation Algorithm

Fiddling with Quality - Values

Media Types and Wildcards

Language Negotiation Exceptions

Extensions to Transparent Content Negotiation

Note on hyperlinks and naming conventions

Note on Caching

More Information

$B%3%s%F%s%H%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s(B

$B%3%s%F%s%H%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$K$D$$$F(B

Apache $B$K$*$1$k%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s(B

type-map $B%U%!%$%k$r;H$&(B

Multiviews

$B%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%sJ}K!(B

Apache $B%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s%"%k%4%j%:%`(B

$BIJ

$B%a%G%#%"%?%$%W$H%o%$%k%I%+!<%I(B

$B8@8l%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$NNc30=hM}(B

Transparent Content Negotiation $B$N3HD%(B

$B%j%s%/$HL>A0$NJQ49$K4X$9$kCm0UE@(B

$B%-%c%C%7%e$K4X$9$kCm0U;v9`(B

$BDI2C>pJs(B

$B%3%s%F%s%H%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s(B

$B%3%s%F%s%H%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$K$D$$$F(B

Apache $B$K$*$1$k%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s(B

type-map $B%U%!%$%k$r;H$&(B

$B%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%sJ}K!(B

Apache $B%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s%"%k%4%j%:%`(B

$BIJ

$B%a%G%#%"%?%$%W$H%o%$%k%I%+!<%I(B

$B8@8l%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$NNc30=hM}(B

Transparent Content Negotiation $B$N3HD%(B

$B%j%s%/$HL>A0$NJQ49$K4X$9$kCm0UE@(B

$B%-%c%C%7%e$K4X$9$kCm0U;v9`(B

$BDI2C>pJs(B