From: Joshua Slive Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 18:28:53 +0000 (+0000) Subject: Add a glossary for the apache docs. This is NOT based on the Covalent glossary X-Git-Tag: 2.0.40~164 X-Git-Url: https://granicus.if.org/sourcecode?a=commitdiff_plain;h=e529fe195473f5781250b03b320aa1fa8f16fdb2;p=apache Add a glossary for the apache docs. This is NOT based on the Covalent glossary because we couldn't work out the copyright issues. Instead, it is based on Ralf's work on the SSL glossary plus my own additions. More entries are very welcome. I tried to make this an "index" of the docs as well as a glossary -- I included links to other places in the docs with more information wherever possible. git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk@96138 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68 --- diff --git a/docs/manual/glossary.html b/docs/manual/glossary.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8a328768c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/glossary.html @@ -0,0 +1,351 @@ + + + + +Glossary + + + + + +

Glossary

+ + + +

Authentication: The positive +identification of a network entity such as a server, a client, or a +user.
See: Authentication, Authorization, and Access +Control
Access Control: The restriction of access to network realms. In an Apache context + usually the restriction of access to certain URLs.
+See: Authentication, Authorization, and Access +Control
APache eXtension Tool (apxs): A perl script that aids in compiling module sources into Dynamic Shared Objects (DSOs) and helps install them in the Apache Web +server.
See: Manual Page: apxs
Certificate: A data record used for authenticating network entities such + as a server or a client. A certificate contains X.509 information pieces + about its owner (called the subject) and the signing Certificate + Authority (called the issuer), plus the owner's public key and the + signature made by the CA. Network entities verify these signatures using + CA certificates.
+See: SSL/TLS Encryption
Certification Authority (CA): A trusted third party whose purpose is to +sign certificates for network entities it has authenticated using +secure means. Other network entities can check the signature to verify +that a CA has authenticated the bearer of a certificate.
+See: SSL/TLS Encryption
Certificate Signing Request +(CSR): An unsigned certificate for +submission to a Certification Authority, which signs it with +the Private Key of their CA Certificate. Once the +CSR is signed, it becomes a real certificate.
+See: SSL/TLS Encryption
Cipher: An algorithm or system for +data encryption. Examples are DES, IDEA, RC4, etc.
+See: SSL/TLS Encryption
Ciphertext: The result after Plaintext is passed through a Cipher.
See: SSL/TLS +Encryption
Common Gateway Interface (CGI): A standard definition for an interface +between a web server and an external program that allows the external +program to service requests. The interface was originally defined by +NCSA but +there is also an RFC +project.
+See: Dynamic Content with CGI
Configuration Directive: See: Directive
Configuration File: A text file containing Directives +that control the configuration of Apache.
+See: Configuration Files
CONNECT: An HTTP method for proxying raw data channels over HTTP. It +can be used to encapsulate other protocols, such as the SSL +protocol.
Context: An area in the configuration files where certain types +of directives are allowed.
See: Terms +Used to Describe Apache Directives
Digital Signature: An encrypted text block that validates a certificate or other file. A + Certification Authority creates a signature by generating a + hash of the Public Key embedded in a Certificate, then + encrypting the hash with its own Private Key. Only the CA's + public key can decrypt the signature, verifying that the CA has + authenticated the network entity that owns the Certificate.
+See: SSL/TLS Encryption
Directive: A configuration command +that controls one or more aspects of Apache's behavior. Directives +are placed in the Configuration +File
See: Directive +Index
Dynamic Shared Object (DSO): Modules compiled +seperately from the Apache httpd binary that can be loaded on-demand.
+See: Dynamic Shared Object Support
Environment Variable (env-variable): Named variables managed by the operating system shell +and used to store information and communicate between programs. Apache also +contains internal variables that are referred to as environment variables, +but are stored in internal Apache structures, rather than in the +shell environment.
+See: Environment Variables in Apache
Export-Crippled: Diminished in cryptographic strength (and security) in order to comply + with the United States' Export Administration Regulations (EAR). + Export-crippled cryptographic software is limited to a small key size, + resulting in Ciphertext which usually can be decrypted by brute + force.
+See: SSL/TLS Encryption
Filter: A process that is applied to +data that is sent or received by the server. Input filters process +data sent by the client to the server, while output filters process +documents on the server before they are sent to the client. For +examle, the INCLUDES output filter processes documents +for Server Side Includes.
See: Filters
Fully-Qualified +Domain-Name (FQDN): The unique name of +a network entity, consisting of a hostname and a domain name that can +resolve to an IP address. For example, www is a hostname, +whatever.com is a domain name, and +www.whatever.com is a fully-qualified domain name.

+ +
Handler: An internal Apache +representation of the action to be performed when a file is +called. Generally, files have implicit handlers, based on the file +type. Normally, all files are simply served by the server, but certain +file types are "handled" separately. For example, the +cgi-script handler designates files to be processed as CGIs.
+See: Apache's Handler Use
Header: The part of the HTTP request and response that +is sent before the actual content, and that contains meta-information +describing the content.
.htaccess: A configuration file that is placed inside +the web tree and applies configuration directives to the directory where it is placed +and all sub-directories. Despite its name, this file can hold almost +any type of directive, not just access-control directives.
+See: Configuration Files
httpd.conf: The main Apache configuration file. +The default location is /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf, +but it may be moved using run-time or compile-time configuration.
+See: Configuration Files
HyperText Transfer +Protocol (HTTP): The standard +transmission protocol used on the World Wide Web. Apache implements +version 1.1 of the protocol, refered to as HTTP/1.1 and defined by RFC 2616.
HTTPS: The HyperText Transport Protocol (Secure), the standard encrypted + communication mechanism on the World Wide Web. This is actually just HTTP + over SSL.
+See: SSL/TLS Encryption
Method: In the context of HTTP, an action to perform on a resource, specified +on the request line by the client. Some of the methods available in +HTTP are GET, POST, and PUT.
Message Digest: A hash of a message, which can be used to verify that the contents of + the message have not been altered in transit.
+See: SSL/TLS Encryption
MIME-type: A way to describe the +kind of document being transmitted. Its name comes from that fact +that its format is borrowed from the Multipurpose Internet Mail +Extensions. It consists of a major type and a minor type, separated +by a slash. Some examples are text/html, +image/gif, and application/octet-stream. In +HTTP, the MIME-type is transmitted in the Content-Type header.
See: mod_mime
Module: An independent part of a +program. Much of Apache's functionality is contained in modules that +you can choose to include or exclude. Modules that are compiled into +the the Apache httpd binary are called static modules, while +modules that are stored seperately and can be optionally loaded at +run-time are called dynamic modules or DSOs. Modules that are included by default are called +base modules. Many modules are available for Apache that are +not distributed as part of the Apache HTTP Server tarball. These are referred to as third-party +modules.
+See: Module Index
OpenSSL: The Open Source toolkit for SSL/TLS
+ see http://www.openssl.org/
Pass Phrase: The word or phrase +that protects private key files. It prevents unauthorized users from +encrypting them. Usually it's just the secret encryption/decryption +key used for Ciphers.
See: SSL/TLS Encryption
Plaintext: The unencrypted text.
Private Key: The secret key in a +Public Key Cryptography system, +used to decrypt incoming messages and sign outgoing ones.
+See: SSL/TLS Encryption
Proxy: An intermediate server that +sits between the client and the origin server. It accepts +requests from clients, transmits those requests on to the origin +server, and then returns the response from the origin server to the +client. If several clients request the same content, the proxy +can deliver that content from its cache, rather than requesting it +from the origin server each time, thereby reducing response time.
+See: mod_proxy

+ +
Public Key: The publically +available key in a Public Key +Cryptography system, used to encrypt messages bound for its owner +and to decrypt signatures made by its owner.
+See: SSL/TLS Encryption
Public Key Cryptography: The study and application of asymmetric encryption systems, which +use one key for encryption and another for decryption. A corresponding +pair of such keys constitutes a key pair. Also called Asymmetric +Crypography.
See: SSL/TLS Encryption
Regular Expression (Regex): A way of +describing a pattern in text - for example, "all the words that begin with the +letter A" or "every 10-digit phone number" or even "Every sentence +with two commas in it, and no capital letter Q". Regular expressions +are useful in Apache because they let you apply certain +attributes against collections of files or resources in very flexible +ways - for example, all .gif and .jpg files under any "images" +directory could be written as "/images/.*(jpg|gif)$". +Apache uses Perl Compatible Regular Expressions provided by the +PCRE library.
Reverse Proxy: A proxy server that appears to the client as if it is +an origin server. This is useful to hide the real origin +server from the client for security reasons, or to load balance.

+ +
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL): A protocol created by Netscape +Communications Corporation for general communication authentication +and encryption over TCP/IP networks. The most popular usage is +HTTPS, i.e. the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) over SSL.
+See: SSL/TLS Encryption
Server Side Includes (SSI): A technique for embedding processing +directives inside HTML files.
See: Introduction to Server Side Includes
SSLeay: The original SSL/TLS implementation library developed by + Eric A. Young
Symmetric Cryptography: The study and application of Ciphers that use a single secret key + for both encryption and decryption operations.
+See: SSL/TLS Encryption
Tarball: A package of files gathered together using the tar +utility. Apache distributions are stored in compressed tar archives +or using pkzip.
Transport Layer Security (TLS): The successor protocol to SSL, created +by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for general +communication authentication and encryption over TCP/IP networks. TLS +version 1 and is nearly identical with SSL version 3.
+See: SSL/TLS Encryption
Uniform Resource Locator (URL): The name/address of a resource on the +Internet. This is the common informal term for what is formally +called a Uniform Resource +Identifier. URLs are usually made up of a scheme, like +http or https, a hostname, and a path. A +URL for this page is +http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/glossary.html.
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): A compact string of characters for +identifying an abstract or physical resource. It is formally defined +by RFC 2396. +URIs used on the world-wide web are commonly referred to +as URLs.
Virtual Hosting: Serving +multiple websites using a single instance of Apache. IP virtual +hosting differentiates between websites based on their IP +address, while name-based virtual hosting uses only the name +of the host and can therefore host many sites on the same IP +address.
See: Apache Virtual Host +documentation
X.509: An authentication certificate +scheme recommended by the International Telecommunication Union +(ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS authentication.
See: SSL/TLS Encryption

+ +

+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/index.html.en b/docs/manual/index.html.en index f673f512c2..53e244b573 100644 --- a/docs/manual/index.html.en +++ b/docs/manual/index.html.en @@ -157,6 +157,10 @@ Programs + + Glossary + +

How Filters Work in Apache 2.0

Glossary