From: Yoshiki Hayashi Date: Thu, 18 Jan 2001 08:54:02 +0000 (+0000) Subject: New Japanese translation by Minoru Yamazato X-Git-Tag: APACHE_2_0_BETA_CANDIDATE_1~188 X-Git-Url: https://granicus.if.org/sourcecode?a=commitdiff_plain;h=5ba42f8b848bff6bc2a522036ae5ee4d41eb33ef;p=apache New Japanese translation by Minoru Yamazato git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk@87704 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68 --- diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html b/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html deleted file mode 100644 index fadbceb41c..0000000000 --- a/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,499 +0,0 @@ - - - -Apache Tutorial: Dynamic Content with CGI - - - - - -

Dynamic Content with CGI

- - - - -

Dynamic Content with -CGI
Configuring Apache to -permit CGI - -
- ScriptAlias
- CGI outside of -ScriptAlias directories - -
  - Explicitly using -Options to permit CGI execution
  - .htaccess files
  -
-
Writing a CGI program - -
- Your first CGI program
-
But it's still not -working! - -
- File permissions
- Path information
- Syntax errors
- Error logs
-
What's going on behind -the scenes? - -
- Environment variables
- STDIN and STDOUT
-
CGI modules/libraries
For more information

- - -

Dynamic Content with -CGI

- - -

-Related Modules

- -mod_alias
-mod_cgi
- -

-Related Directives

- -AddHandler
-Options
-ScriptAlias
- -

- -

The CGI (Common Gateway Interface) defines a way for a web server -to interact with external content-generating programs, which are often -referred to as CGI programs or CGI scripts. It is the simplest, and -most common, way to put dynamic content on your web site. This -document will be an introduction to setting up CGI on your Apache web -server, and getting started writing CGI programs.

- -

Configuring Apache to -permit CGI

- -

In order to get your CGI programs to work properly, you'll need to -have Apache configured to permit CGI execution. There are several ways -to do this.

- -

ScriptAlias

- -

The ScriptAlias directive tells Apache that a -particular directory is set aside for CGI programs. Apache will assume -that every file in this directory is a CGI program, and will attempt to -execute it, when that particular resource is requested by a client.

- -

The ScriptAlias directive looks like:

- -

-        ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/
-

- -

The example shown is from your default httpd.conf -configuration file, if you installed Apache in the default location. -The ScriptAlias directive is much like the -Alias directive, which defines a URL prefix that is to -mapped to a particular directory. Alias and -ScriptAlias are usually used for directories that are -outside of the DocumentRoot directory. The difference -between Alias and ScriptAlias is that -ScriptAlias has the added meaning that everything under -that URL prefix will be considered a CGI program. So, the example above -tells Apache that any request for a resource beginning with -/cgi-bin/ should be served from the directory -/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/, and should be treated as a CGI -program.

- -

For example, if the URL -http://dev.rcbowen.com/cgi-bin/test.pl is requested, -Apache will attempt to execute the file -/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/test.pl and return the output. -Of course, the file will have to exist, and be executable, and return -output in a particular way, or Apache will return an error message.

- -

CGI outside of -ScriptAlias directories

- -

CGI programs are often restricted to ScriptAlias'ed -directories for security reasons. In this way, administrators can -tightly control who is allowed to use CGI programs. However, if the -proper security precautions are taken, there is no reason why -CGI programs cannot be run from arbitrary directories. For example, -you may wish to let users have web content in their home directories -with the UserDir directive. If they want to have their -own CGI programs, but don't have access to the main -cgi-bin directory, they will need to be able to run CGI -programs elsewhere.

- -

Explicitly using -Options to permit CGI execution

- -

You could explicitly use the Options directive, inside -your main server configuration file, to specify that CGI execution was -permitted in a particular directory:

- -

-        <Directory /usr/local/apache/htdocs/somedir>
-                Options +ExecCGI
-        </Directory>
-

- -

The above directive tells Apache to permit the execution of CGI -files. You will also need to tell the server what files are CGI files. -The following AddHandler directive tells the server -to treat all files with the cgi or pl -extension as CGI programs:

- -

-     AddHandler cgi-script cgi pl
-

- -

.htaccess files

- -

A .htaccess file is a way to set configuration -directives on a per-directory basis. When Apache serves a resource, it -looks in the directory from which it is serving a file for a file -called .htaccess, and, if it finds it, it will apply -directives found therein. .htaccess files can be permitted -with the AllowOverride directive, which specifies what -types of directives can appear in these files, or if they are not -allowed at all. To permit the directive we will need for this purpose, -the following configuration will be needed in your main server -configuration:

- -

-        AllowOverride Options
-

- -

In the .htaccess file, you'll need the following -directive:

- -

-        Options +ExecCGI
-

- -

which tells Apache that execution of CGI programs is permitted in -this directory.

- -

Writing a CGI program

- -

There are two main differences between ``regular'' programming, and -CGI programming.

- -

First, all output from your CGI program must be preceded by a -MIME-type header. This is HTTP header that tells the client what sort -of content it is receiving. Most of the time, this will look like:

- -

-        Content-type: text/html
-

- -

Secondly, your output needs to be in HTML, or some other format that -a browser will be able to display. Most of the time, this will be HTML, -but occasionally you might write a CGI program that outputs a gif -image, or other non-HTML content.

- -

Apart from those two things, writing a CGI program will look a lot -like any other program that you might write.

- -

Your first CGI program

- -

The following is an example CGI program that prints one line to your -browser. Type in the following, save it to a file called -first.pl, and put it in your cgi-bin -directory.

- -

-        #!/usr/bin/perl
-        print "Content-type: text/html\r\n\r\n";
-        print "Hello, World.";
-

- -

Even if you are not familiar with Perl, you should be able to see -what is happening here. The first line tells Apache (or whatever shell -you happen to be running under) that this program can be executed by -feeding the file to the interpreter found at the location -/usr/bin/perl. The second line prints the content-type -declaration we talked about, followed by two carriage-return newline -pairs. This puts a blank line after the header, to indicate the end of -the HTTP headers, and the beginning of the body. The third line prints -the string ``Hello, World.'' And that's the end of it.

- -

If you open your favorite browser and tell it to get the address

- -

-        http://www.example.com/cgi-bin/first.pl
-

- -

or wherever you put your file, you will see the one line -Hello, World. appear in your browser window. It's not very -exciting, but once you get that working, you'll have a good chance of -getting just about anything working.

- -

But it's still not -working!

- -

There are four basic things that you may see in your browser when -you try to access your CGI program from the web:

- -

The output of your CGI program: Great! That means everything worked fine.
The source code of your CGI program or a "POST Method Not Allowed" -message: That means that you have not properly configured -Apache to process your CGI program. Reread the section on configuring Apache and try to -find what you missed.
A message starting with "Forbidden": That means that there -is a permissions problem. Check the Apache -error log and the section below on file permissions.
A message saying "Internal Server Error": If you check the -Apache error log, you will probably find -that it says "Premature end of script headers", possibly along with an -error message generated by your CGI program. In this case, you will -want to check each of the below sections to see what might be preventing -your CGI program from emitting the proper HTTP headers.

- - -

File permissions

- -

Remember that the server does not run as you. That is, when the -server starts up, it is running with the permissions of an unprivileged -user - usually ``nobody'', or ``www'' - and so it will need extra -permissions to execute files that are owned by you. Usually, the way to -give a file sufficient permissions to be executed by ``nobody'' is to -give everyone execute permission on the file:

- -

-        chmod a+x first.pl
-

- -

Also, if your program reads from, or writes to, any other files, -those files will need to have the correct permissions to permit -this.

- -

The exception to this is when the server is configured to use suexec. This program allows CGI programs to -be run under different user permissions, depending on which virtual -host or user home directory they are located in. Suexec has very -strict permission checking, and any failure in that checking will -result in your CGI programs failing with an "Internal Server Error". -In this case, you will need to check the suexec log file to see what -specific security check is failing.

- -

Path information

- -

When you run a program from your command line, you have certain -information that is passed to the shell without you thinking about it. -For example, you have a path, which tells the shell where it can look -for files that you reference.

- -

When a program runs through the web server as a CGI program, it does -not have that path. Any programs that you invoke in your CGI program -(like 'sendmail', for example) will need to be specified by a full -path, so that the shell can find them when it attempts to execute your -CGI program.

- -

A common manifestation of this is the path to the script interpreter -(often perl) indicated in the first line of your CGI -program, which will look something like:

- -

-     #!/usr/bin/perl
-

- -

Make sure that this is in fact the path to the interpreter.

- -

Syntax errors

- -

Most of the time when a CGI program fails, it's because of a problem -with the program itself. This is particularly true once you get the -hang of this CGI stuff, and no longer make the above two mistakes. -Always attempt to run your program from the command line before you -test if via a browser. This will eliminate most of your problems.

- -

Error logs

- -

The error logs are your friend. Anything that goes wrong generates -message in the error log. You should always look there first. If the -place where you are hosting your web site does not permit you access to -the error log, you should probably host your site somewhere else. Learn -to read the error logs, and you'll find that almost all of your -problems are quickly identified, and quickly solved.

- -

What's going on behind -the scenes?

- -

As you become more advanced in CGI programming, it will become -useful to understand more about what's happening behind the scenes. -Specifically, how the browser and server communicate with one another. -Because although it's all very well to write a program that prints -``Hello, World.'', it's not particularly useful.

- -

Environment variables

- -

Environment variables are values that float around you as you use -your computer. They are useful things like your path (where the -computer searches for a the actual file implementing a command when you -type it), your username, your terminal type, and so on. For a full list -of your normal, every day environment variables, type env -at a command prompt.

- -

During the CGI transaction, the server and the browser also set -environment variables, so that they can communicate with one another. -These are things like the browser type (Netscape, IE, Lynx), the server -type (Apache, IIS, WebSite), the name of the CGI program that is being -run, and so on.

- -

These variables are available to the CGI programmer, and are half of -the story of the client-server communication. The complete list of -required variables is at http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/env.html

- -

This simple Perl CGI program will display all of the environment -variables that are being passed around. Two similar programs are -included in the cgi-bin directory of the Apache -distribution. Note that some variables are required, while others are -optional, so you may see some variables listed that were not in the -official list. In addition, Apache provides many different ways for -you to add your own environment variables to -the basic ones provided by default.

- -

-     #!/usr/bin/perl
-     print "Content-type: text/html\n\n";
-     foreach $key (keys %ENV) {
-          print "$key --> $ENV{$key}<br>";
-     }
-

- -

STDIN and STDOUT

- -

Other communication between the server and the client happens over -standard input (STDIN) and standard output -(STDOUT). In normal everyday context, STDIN -means the keyboard, or a file that a program is given to act on, and -STDOUT usually means the console or screen.

- -

When you POST a web form to a CGI program, the data in -that form is bundled up into a special format and gets delivered to -your CGI program over STDIN. The program then can process -that data as though it was coming in from the keyboard, or from a -file

- -

The ``special format'' is very simple. A field name and its value -are joined together with an equals (=) sign, and pairs of values are -joined together with an ampersand (&). Inconvenient characters like -spaces, ampersands, and equals signs, are converted into their hex -equivalent so that they don't gum up the works. The whole data string -might look something like:

- -

-     name=Rich%20Bowen&city=Lexington&state=KY&sidekick=Squirrel%20Monkey
-

- -

You'll sometimes also see this type of string appended to the a URL. -When that is done, the server puts that string into the environment -variable called QUERY_STRING. That's called a -GET request. Your HTML form specifies whether a -GET or a POST is used to deliver the data, by -setting the METHOD attribute in the FORM -tag.

- -

Your program is then responsible for splitting that string up into -useful information. Fortunately, there are libraries and modules -available to help you process this data, as well as handle other of the -aspects of your CGI program.

- -

CGI modules/libraries

- -

When you write CGI programs, you should consider using a code -library, or module, to do most of the grunt work for you. This leads to -fewer errors, and faster development.

- -

If you're writing CGI programs in Perl, modules are available on CPAN. The most popular module for this -purpose is CGI.pm. You might also consider CGI::Lite, which implements -a minimal set of functionality, which is all you need in most -programs.

- -

If you're writing CGI programs in C, there are a variety of options. -One of these is the CGIC library, from http://www.boutell.com/cgic/

- -

For more information

- -

There are a large number of CGI resources on the web. You can -discuss CGI problems with other users on the Usenet group -comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi. And the -servers mailing list from -the HTML Writers Guild is a great source of answers to your questions. -You can find out more at http://www.hwg.org/lists/hwg-servers/

- -

And, of course, you should probably read the CGI specification, -which has all the details on the operation of CGI programs. You can -find the original version at the NCSA and there is -an updated draft at the Common Gateway Interface RFC -project.

- -

When you post a question about a CGI problem that you're having, -whether to a mailing list, or to a newsgroup, make sure you provide -enough information about what happened, what you expected to happen, -and how what actually happened was different, what server you're -running, what language your CGI program was in, and, if possible, the -offending code. This will make finding your problem much simpler.

- -

Note that questions about CGI problems should never -be posted to the Apache bug database unless you are sure you have found -a problem in the Apache source code.

- - - - - - diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.ja.jis b/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.ja.jis new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b6bf58c219 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.ja.jis @@ -0,0 +1,495 @@ + + + +Apache Tutorial: CGI $B$K$h$kF0E*%3%s%F%s%D(B + + + + + +

CGI $B$K$h$kF0E*%3%s%F%s%D(B

+ + + + +

CGI $B$K$h$kF0E*%3%s%F%s%D(B
CGI $B$r5v2D$9$k$h$&$K(B Apache $B$r(B +$B@_Dj$9$k(B + +
- ScriptAlias
- ScriptAlias $B%G%#%l%/%H%j30$N(B +CGI + +
  - CGI $B$N
  - .htaccess $B%U%!%$%k(B
  +
+
CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$r=q$/(B + +
- $B$"$J$?$N:G=i$N(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`(B
+
$B$7$+$7!"$^$@F0$+$J$$(B ! + +
- $B%U%!%$%k$N%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s(B
- $B%Q%9>pJs(B
- $B9=J8%(%i!<(B
- $B%(%i!<%m%0(B
+
$BN"$G2?$,5/$3$C$F$$$k$N$+(B? + +
- $B4D6-JQ?t(B
- $BI8=`F~=PNO(B
+
CGI $B%b%8%e!<%k(B/$B%i%$%V%i%j(B
$B99$J$k>pJs(B

+ + +

CGI $B$K$h$kF0E*%3%s%F%s%D(B

+ + +

+$B4XO"%b%8%e!<%k(B

+ +mod_alias
+mod_cgi
+ +

+$B4XO"%G%#%l%/%F%#%V(B

+ +AddHandler
+Options
+ScriptAlias
+ +

+ +

CGI (Common Gateway Interface) $B$O!"%&%'%V%5!<%P$,%3%s%F%s%D@8@.$r$9$k(B +$B30It%W%m%0%i%`$H6(D4$7$FF0:n$9$k$?$a$NJ}K!$rDj5A$7$F$$$^$9!#$=$N%W%m%0%i%`$O$7$P$7$P(B +CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$d(B CGI $B%9%/%j%W%H$H8F$P$l$^$9!#(BCGI $B$O!"%&%'%V%5%$%H$K(B +$BF0E*$J%3%s%F%s%D$rCV$/$?$a$N:G$b4JC1$G0lHLE*$JJ}K!$G$9!#$3$N%I%-%e%a%s%H$O!"(B +Apache $B%&%'%V%5!<%P$G(B CGI $B$r@_Dj$7!"(BCGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$r=q$-;O$a$k$?$a$N(B +$BF~Lg=q$H$J$k$G$7$g$&!#(B

+ +

CGI $B$r5v2D$9$k$h$&$K(B Apache $B$r(B +$B@_Dj$9$k(B

+ +

CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$r@5$7$/F0:n$5$;$k$K$O!"(BCGI $B$r5v2D$9$k$h$&$K(B +Apache $B$N@_Dj$r9T$&I,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#$3$l$r9T$J$&$?$a$NJ}K!$,$$$/$D$+(B +$B$"$j$^$9!#(B

+ +

ScriptAlias

+ +

ScriptAlias $B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$r;HMQ$7$F!"(BCGI $B%W%m%0%i%`MQ$N(B +$BFCJL$JJL%G%#%l%/%H%j$r(B Apache $B$K@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B +Apache $B$O!"$3$N%G%#%l%/%H%jCf$NA4$F$N%U%!%$%k$r(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$G$"$k$H(B +$B2>Dj$7$^$9!#$=$7$F!"$3$NFCJL$J%j%=!<%9$,%/%i%$%"%s%H$+$iMW5a$5$l$k$H!"(B +$B$=$N%W%m%0%i%`$N + +

ScriptAlias $B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$O0J2<$N$h$&$K;HMQ$7$^$9(B:

+ +

+        ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/
+

+ +

$B%G%U%)%k%H0LCV$K(B Apache $B$r%$%s%9%H!<%k$7$?$J$i$P!"(B +$B$3$NNc$O%G%U%)%k%H>uBV$N(B httpd.conf $B@_Dj%U%!%$%k(B +$B$K4^$^$l$F$$$^$9!#(B +ScriptAlias $B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$O!"(BURL $B$NA0$KIU2C$9$k%G%#%l%/%H%j$rDj5A$9$k(B Alias $B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$H$+$J$j;w$F$$$^$9!#(B +Alias $B$H(B ScriptAlias $B$ODL>o!"(B +DocumentRoot $B%G%#%l%/%H%j30$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$N$?$a$K;HMQ$5$l$^$9!#(B +Alias $B$H(B ScriptAlias $B$H$N:9$O!"(B +ScriptAlias $B$,@\F,<-$G;O$^$k$9$Y$F$N(B URL $B$O(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$H(B +$B$_$J$5$l$k$H$$$&DI2C$N0UL#$r4^$s$G$$$k$3$H$G$9!#=>$C$F!"(B +$B>e5-$NNc$G$O!"(B/cgi-bin/ +$B$G;O$^$k%j%=!<%9$X$N$"$i$f$k%j%/%(%9%H$KBP$7$F!"%G%#%l%/%H%j(B +/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/ +$B$+$iDs6!$7!"$=$l$i$r(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$H$7$F07$&$h$&(B Apache $B$K<($7$^$9!#(B

+ +

$BNc$($P!"(BURL http://dev.rcbowen.com/cgi-bin/test.pl +$B$,MW5a$5$l$?>l9g!"(BApache $B$O(B $B%U%!%$%k(B +/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/test.pl $B$r +ScriptAlias $B%G%#%l%/%H%j30$N(B CGI + +

CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$O!"%;%-%e%j%F%#>e$NM}M3$+$i(B +ScriptAlias $B$5$l$?%G%#%l%/%H%j$K@)8B$5$l$k$3$H$,$7$P$7$P$"$j$^$9!#(B +$B$3$NJ}K!$K$h$j!"(BCGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$r;HMQ$G$-$k%f!<%6$r4IM}UserDir $B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$G(B +$BH`$i$N%[!<%`%G%#%l%/%H%jG[2<$K%&%'%V%3%s%F%s%D$r;}$?$;$?$$$H$7$^$9!#(B +$B$b$7!"H`$i$,(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$r;}$D$3$H$rK>$s$G$$$F$b!"%a%$%s$N(B +cgi-bin $B%G%#%l%/%H%j$X$N%"%/%;%9$,$G$-$J$$>l9g!"(BCGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$r(B +$B$N>l=j$,I,MW$K$J$j$^$9!#(B

+ +

+CGI $B$N

+ +

$B%5!<%P$N%a%$%s$N@_Dj%U%!%$%kCf$G(B Options $B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$r(B +$BL@<(E*$K;HMQ$9$k$3$H$G!"FCDj$N%G%#%l%/%H%jG[2<$G(B CGI $B$N + +

+        <Directory /usr/local/apache/htdocs/somedir>
+                Options +ExecCGI
+        </Directory>
+

+ +

$B>e5-%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$O!"(BCGI $B%U%!%$%k$NAddHandler +$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$NNc$G$O!"(Bcgi $B$^$?$O(B pl $B$r3HD%;R$K(B +$B;}$D$9$Y$F$N%U%!%$%k$r(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$H$7$F$_$J$9$3$H$r%5!<%P$KEA$($^$9(B:

+ +

+     AddHandler cgi-script cgi pl
+

+ +

.htaccess $B%U%!%$%k(B

+ +

.htaccess $B%U%!%$%k$O!"%G%#%l%/%H%jKh$K(B +$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$r;XDj$9$kJ}K!$G$9!#(B +Apache $B$O!"%j%=!<%9$rDs6!$9$k$H$-$K!"Ds6!$9$k%U%!%$%k$,CV$+$l$F$$$k(B +$B%G%#%l%/%H%jCf$N(B .htaccess $B$H$$$&%U%!%$%k$r;2>H$7$^$9!#(B +$B$=$N%U%!%$%k$rH/8+$7$?$i!"$=$NCf$GH/8+$5$l$?%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$,E,MQ$5$l$^$9!#(B +.htaccess $B%U%!%$%k$O!"(BAllowOverride +$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$N;XDj$K$h$j;H$($k$h$&$K$J$j$^$9!#(B +AllowOverride $B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$O!"(B.htaccess $B%U%!%$%k$G(B +$B@_Dj$G$-$k%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$N%?%$%W$r;XDj$7$^$9!#(B +AllowOverride $B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$N;XDj$,$J$$>l9g!"$^$C$?$/;H$($^$;$s!#(B +CGI $B$N + +

+        AllowOverride Options
+

+ +

.htaccess $B%U%!%$%k$G$O!" + +

+        Options +ExecCGI
+

+ +

$B$3$N@_Dj$G$O!"$3$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$K$*$1$k(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$N + +

CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$r=q$/(B

+ +

$BDL>o$N%W%m%0%i%_%s%0$H(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%_%s%0$N4V$K$O + +

$B0l$D$O!"(BCGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$N$9$Y$F$N=PNO$K$O(B MIME-type +$B%X%C%@$rIU$1$J$1$l$P$J$j$^$;$s!#$3$l$O$I$N$h$&$Jl9g$G$O!"(B +$B + +

+        Content-type: text/html
+

+ +

$B$b$&0l$D$O!"=PNO$r(B HTML $B$+!"%V%i%&%6$,I=<($9$k$3$H$,(B +$B$G$-$k2?$+B>$N7A<0$K$9$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B +$BBgDq$N>l9g$O(B HTML $B$G$7$g$&$,!"(BGIF $B%$%a!<%8$dB>$NHs(B HTML +$B%3%s%F%s%D$r=PNO$9$k(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$r=q$/$3$H$b$"$k$G$7$g$&!#(B

+ +

$B$3$l$iFsE@0J30$G$O!"(BCGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$r=q$/$3$H$O!"$"$J$?$,=q$$$F$$$k(B +$BB>$N%W%m%0%i%`$HBg$$$K;w$F$$$k$G$7$g$&!#(B

+ +

$B$"$J$?$N:G=i$N(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`(B

+ +

$Bfirst.pl $B$H$$$&%U%!%$%k$KJ]B8$7!"$=$l$r(B +cgi-bin $B%G%#%l%/%H%j$KCV$$$F$/$@$5$$!#(B

+ +

+        #!/usr/bin/perl
+        print "Content-type: text/html\r\n\r\n";
+        print "Hello, World.";
+

+ +

Perl $B$K@:DL$7$F$$$J$/$F$b!"2?$,5/$3$k$+$r(B +$BM}2r$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$k$O$:$G$9!#(B +1 $B9TL\$O!"(B/usr/bin/perl $B$G8+$D$1(B +$B$i$l$k%$%s%?%W%j%?$K$3$N%U%!%$%k$r6!5k$9$k$3$H$G$3$N%W%m%0%i%`$,e$G + +

$B9%$_$N%V%i%&%6$r3+$-!"%"%I%l%9(B

+ +

+        http://www.example.com/cgi-bin/first.pl
+

+ +

$B$"$k$$$O%U%!%$%k$rCV$$$?%m%1!<%7%g%s$r;XDj$9$k$H!"(B +Hello, World. $B$H$$$&(B 1 $B9T$,%V%i%&%6%&%#%s%I$K8=$l$k$G$7$g$&!#(B +$B$=$l$O$"$^$j%(%-%5%$%F%#%s%0$J$3$H$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B +$B$7$+$7!"$3$l$,$&$^$/F0$1$P!"(B +$BB>$N$I$N$h$&$J$b$N$G$bF0$+$9$3$H$,$G$-$k$h$&$K$J$j$^$9!#(B

+ +

$B$7$+$7!"$^$@F0$+$J$$(B !

+ +

$B%&%'%V$+$i(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$X$N%"%/%;%9$r9T$J$C$?$H$-!"(B +$B%V%i%&%6$G8+$k2DG=@-$,$"$k;M$D$N4pK\E*$J$3$H$,$"$j$^$9(B:

+ +

CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$N=PNO(B: $BAG@2$i$7$$(B ! $B$=$l$O$9$Y$F$,$&$^$/F0$$$?$3$H$r0UL#$7$^$9!#(B
CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$N%=!<%9%3!<%I!"$^$?$O(B "POST Method Not Allowed" +$B$H$$$&%a%C%;!<%8(B: $B$3$l$O!"(BCGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$r=hM}$G$-$k$h$&(B Apache $B$rE,@Z$K@_Dj$7$F(B +$B$$$J$+$C$?$3$H$r0UL#$7$^$9!#(B +$B!V(BCGI $B$r5v2D$9$k$h$&$K(B Apache $B$r@_Dj$9$k!W(B$B$N>O$rFI$_D>$7!"$"$J$?$,2?$r4V0c$($?$+$r(B +$BC5$7$F$_$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
$B%a%C%;!<%8$,(B "Forbidden" $B$G;O$^$C$F$$$k(B: $B$3$l$O%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s$NLdBj$H$$$&$3$H$r0UL#$7$^$9!#(B +Apache $B$N%(%i!<%m%0(B$B$H!"8e=R$N(B +$B!V%U%!%$%k$N%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s!W(B$B$N>O$r(B +$B%A%'%C%/$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B +
"Internal Server Error" $B$H$$$&%a%C%;!<%8(B: Apache $B$N%(%i!<%m%0(B$B$r%A%'%C%/$9$k$H!"(B +"Premature end of script headers" $B$H$$$&%m%0$,5-O?$5$l$F$$$k$H;W$$$^$9!#(B +$B$=$7$F!"$*$=$i$/(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$K$h$C$F@8@.$5$l$?%(%i!<%a%C%;!<%8$b5-O?$5$l$F$$$k$G$7$g$&!#(B +$B$3$N>l9g!"(BCGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$,E,@Z$J(B HTTP $B%X%C%@$r=PNO$G$-$J$$860x$r(B +$BCN$k$?$a$K!"0J2<$N3F>O$G%A%'%C%/$7$F$_$F$/$@$5$$!#(B

+ +

$B%U%!%$%k$N%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s(B

+ +

$B%5!<%P$O$"$J$?$N8"8B$Go(B ``nobody'' $B$d(B ``www'' +$B$N8"8B$Go!"(B``nobody'' $B$, + +

+        chmod a+x first.pl
+

+ +

$B$^$?!"$b$7$"$J$?$N%W%m%0%i%`$,B>$N%U%!%$%k$rFI$_=q$-$9$k$J$i$P!"(B +$B$=$l$i$N%U%!%$%k$O!"$3$l$,2DG=$H$J$k@5$7$$%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s$r;}$C$F$$$kI,MW$,(B +$B$"$j$^$9!#(B

+ +

$B$3$l$KBP$9$kNc30$O!"%5!<%P$,(B suexec $B$r(B +$B;HMQ$9$k$h$&@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k>l9g$G$9!#(B +suexec $B$O!"(BCGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$,CV$+$l$F$$$k%P!<%A%c%k%[%9%H$^$?$O%f!<%6$N%[!<%`(B +$B%G%#%l%/%H%j$K$h$C$F!"0[$J$k%f!<%68"8B$G(B +$Bl9g!"$I$N%;%-%e%j%F%#%A%'%C%/$,<:GT$7$F$$$k$N$+$rCN$k(B +$B$?$a$K(B suexec $B%m%0%U%!%$%k$r%A%'%C%/$9$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B

+ +

$B%Q%9>pJs(B

+ +

$B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$+$i%W%m%0%i%`$rpJs$,$"$j$^$9!#(B +$BNc$($P!";2>H$9$k%U%!%$%k$N$?$a$K$I$3$r8!:w$7$?$i$h$$$+$r%7%'%k$KEA$($k%Q%9$,(B +$B$"$j$^$9!#(B

+ +

$B%W%m%0%i%`$,(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$H$7$F%&%'%V%5!<%P$K$h$C$F + +

$BF1MM$J$3$H$O!"%9%/%j%W%H$N%$%s%?%W%j%?(B ($B$7$P$7$P(B perl ) +$B$X$N%Q%9$G!"(BCGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$N(B 1 $B9TL\$K + +

+     #!/usr/bin/perl
+

+ +

$B$3$l$,%$%s%?!<%W%j%?$X$N + +

$B9=J8%(%i!<(B

+ +

CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$,<:GT$9$k$N$OBgDq!"%W%m%0%i%`<+?H$KLdBj$,$"$k>l9g$G$9!#(B +$B0lEY(B CGI $B$N;H$$J}$rM}2r$7!"A0=R$NFs$D$N8m$j$rHH$7$F$$$J$$$J$i$P!"(B +$B$^$:4V0c$$$J$/$=$&$G$7$g$&!#%V%i%&%6$rDL$7$F%F%9%H$r9T$&A0$KI,$:!"%3%^%s%I%i%$%s(B +$B$+$i%W%m%0%i%`$N + +

$B%(%i!<%m%0(B

+ +

$B%(%i!<%m%0$OM'C#$G$9!#A4$F$N$&$^$/$$$+$J$$$3$H$O!"%(%i!<%m%0$K(B +$B%a%C%;!<%8$r@8@.$7$^$9!#I,$:$=$l$r:G=i$K8+$k$Y$-$G$9!#(B +$B$b$7!"$"$J$?$,%&%'%V%5%$%H$rl=j$,%(%i!<%m%0$N;2>H$r(B +$B5v$7$F$$$J$$$J$i$P!"$-$C$HB>$N%5%$%H$G + +

$BN"$G2?$,5/$3$C$F$$$k$N$+(B?

+ +

CGI $B%W%m%0%i%_%s%0$K=OC#$9$k$H!"N"$G5/$3$C$F$$$k(B +$B$3$H$K$D$$$F99$KM}2r$9$k$3$H$OM-1W$K$J$k$G$7$g$&!#%V%i%&%6$H(B +$B%5!<%P$,$I$N$h$&$KAj8_DL?.$9$k$+$K$D$$$F$OFC$K$=$&$G$9!#$J$<$J$i!"(B +``Hello, World.'' $B$r0u;z$9$k%W%m%0%i%`$r=q$/$3$H$O$^$3$H$K7k9=$G$9$,!"(B +$B$=$l$OFC$KM-1W$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B

+ +

$B4D6-JQ?t(B

+ +

$B4D6-JQ?t$O!"$"$J$?$,%3%s%T%e!<%?$r;H$&$H$-$KJU$j$KB8:_$7$F$$$kCM$G$9!#(B +$B$=$l$i$O!"%Q%9(B ($B%3%^%s%I$r%?%$%W$7$?$H$-$K!"Co$N!"KhF|$N4D6-JQ?t$N40A4$J%j%9%H$rD4$Y$k$K$O!"%3%^%s%I%W%m%s%W%H$G(B +env $B$rF~NO$7$^$9!#(B

+ +

CGI $B$N=hM}Cf!"%5!<%P$H%V%i%&%6$b4D6-JQ?t$r@_Dj$7!"$=$l$K$h$j(B +$BAj8_$KDL?.$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$h$&$K$J$j$^$9!#(B +$B$=$N4D6-JQ?t$O!"%V%i%&%6%?%$%W(B (Netscape, IE, Lynx)$B!"(B +$B%5!<%P%?%$%W(B (Apache, IIS, WebSite)$B!"A0(B +$B$J$I$N$h$&$J$b$N$G$9!#(B

+ +

$B$3$l$i$NJQ?t$O(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%^$,;HMQ$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#$=$7$F!"(B +$B$=$l$O%/%i%$%"%s%H$H%5!<%P$NDL?.$NOC$NH>J,$G$9!#I,MW$JJQ?t$N40A4$J%j%9%H$O(B +http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/env.html +$B$K$"$j$^$9!#(B

+ +

$B0J2<$NC1=c$J(B Perl CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$O!"EO$5$l$kA4$F$N4D6-JQ?t$r(B +$BI=<($7$^$9!#F1MM$N%W%m%0%i%`$O!"(BApache $B%G%#%9%H%j%S%e!<%7%g%s$N(B +cgi-bin $B%G%#%l%/%H%j$KFs$D4^$^$l$F$$$^$9!#(B +$B$$$/$D$+$NJQ?t$,I,?\$G$"$j!"$$$/$D$+$OG$0U$G$"$k$3$H$KCm0U$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B +$B$=$7$F!"8x<0$N%j%9%H$K$O$J$$$$$/$D$+$NJQ?t$,I=<($5$l$F$$$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#(B +$B$5$i$K!"(BApache $B$O%G%U%)%k%H$GMQ0U$5$l$F$$$k4pK\E*$J$b$N$K(B +$B$"$J$?<+?H$N4D6-JQ?t$r2C$($k(B +$B$?$a$N!"B?$/$N0[$J$kJ}K!$rMQ0U$7$F$7$^$9!#(B

+ +

+     #!/usr/bin/perl
+     print "Content-type: text/html\n\n";
+     foreach $key (keys %ENV) {
+          print "$key --> $ENV{$key}<br>";
+     }
+

+ +

STDIN $B$H(B STDOUT

+ +

$B%5!<%P$H%/%i%$%"%s%H4V$N$b$&0l$D$NDL?.$O!"I8=`F~NO(B (STDIN)$B$H(B +$BI8=`=PNO(B (STDOUT) $B$rDL$8$F9T$J$o$l$^$9!#DL>o$NJ8L.$K$*$$$F!"(B +STDIN $B$O%-!<%\!<%I$d%W%m%0%i%`$,F0:n$9$k$?$a$KM?$($i$l$k(B +$B%U%!%$%k$r0UL#$7!"(BSTDOUT $B$ODL>o%3%s%=!<%k$^$?$O%9%/%j!<%s$r(B +$B0UL#$7$^$9!#(B

+ +

$B%&%'%V%U%)!<%`$+$i(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$X(BPOST $B$7$?$H$-!"(B +$B%U%)!<%`$N%G!<%?$OFCJL$J%U%)!<%^%C%H$GB+$M$i$l!"(BSTDIN $B$r(B +$BDL$7$F!"(BCGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$K0z$-EO$5$l$^$9!#%W%m%0%i%`$O%G!<%?$,%-!<%\!<%I(B +$B$b$7$/$O%U%!%$%k$+$iMh$F$$$?$+$N$h$&$K=hM}$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B

+ +

$B!VFCJL$J%U%)!<%^%C%H!W$O$H$F$bC1=c$G$9!#%U%#!<%k%IL>$HCM$O%$%3!<%k(B +(=) $B$G7k$P$l$^$9!#$=$7$FCM$NAH$O%"%s%Q%5%s%I(B (&) $B$G(B +$B7k$P$l$^$9!#%9%Z!<%9!"%"%s%Q%5%s%I!"%$%3!<%k$N$h$&$JLLE]$JJ8;z(B +$B$O!"$=$l$i$,F0:n$rBLL\$K$7$J$$$h$&$K$=$NJ8;z$KAjEv$9$k(B 16 $B?J$KJQ49$5$l$^$9!#(B +$BA4%G!<%?J8;zNs$O!"0J2<$N$h$&$K$J$j$^$9(B:

+ +

+     name=Rich%20Bowen&city=Lexington&state=KY&sidekick=Squirrel%20Monkey
+

+ +

$B;~!9!"$3$N$h$&$JJ8;zNs$,(B URL $B$KIU2C$5$l$k$N$r8+$k$G$7$g$&!#(B +$B$=$N>l9g!"%5!<%P$O(B QUERY_STRING $B$H$$$&4D6-JQ?t$K$=$N(B +$BJ8;zNs$rF~$l$^$9!#$=$l$O(B GET $B%j%/%(%9%H$H8F$P$l$^$9!#(B +HTML $B%U%)!<%`$G$O!"%G!<%?$rEO$9$?$a$K(B GET $B$H(B POST +$B$N$I$A$i$r;HMQ$9$k$+$r!"(B +FORM$B%?%0$N(B METHOD $BB0@-$N@_Dj$G;XDj$7$^$9!#(B

+ +

CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$O!"$=$NJ8;zNs$rLr$KN)$D>pJs$KJ,3d$9$k@UG$$,$"$j$^$9!#(B +$B9,$$$K$b!"$=$N%G!<%?=hM}$r=u$1$k%i%$%V%i%j$d%b%8%e!<%k$,B8:_$7$^$9!#$3$l$i$O!"(B +CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$NB>$NLL$G$bF1MM$KLr$KN)$A$^$9!#(B

+ +

CGI $B%b%8%e!<%k(B/$B%i%$%V%i%j(B

+ +

CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$r=q$/$H$-!"LLE]$J;E;v$NBgItJ,$r$7$F$/$l$k(B +$B%3!<%I%i%$%V%i%j$^$?$O%b%8%e!<%k$r;H$&$3$H$r8!F$$9$Y$-$G$9!#(B +$B$3$l$O%(%i!<$r8:$i$7!"Aa$$3+H/$K$D$J$,$j$^$9!#(B

+ +

Perl $B$G(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$r=q$$$F$$$k$J$i!"%b%8%e!<%k$O(B +CPAN $B$GDs6!$5$l$F$$$^$9!#$3$NL\E*$N$?$a$N(B +$B:G$bIa5Z$7$F$$$k%b%8%e!<%k$O(B CGI.pm $B$G$9!#(B +CGI::Lite $B$b8!F$$7$^$7$g$&!#$3$l$O!"$[$H$s$I$N%W%m%0%i%`$K$*$$$FI,MW$H$9$k$9$Y$F$N5!G=$N:G>.%;%C%H$N + +

C $B$G(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$r=q$$$F$$$k$J$i!"$$$m$$$m$J(B +$B%*%W%7%g%s$,$"$j$^$9!#$3$l$i$NFb$N0l$D$O(B +http://www.boutell.com/cgic/ +$B$GDs6!$5$l$F$$$k(B CGIC $B%i%$%V%i%j$G$9!#(B

+ +

$B99$J$k>pJs(B

+ +

CGI $B$K4X$9$k>pJs$O%&%'%V$G?tB?$/Ds6!$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(BCGI $B$NLdBj$K$D$$$F$O(B +Usenet $B$N(B comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi $B$G!"B>$N%f!<%6$H(B +$BO@5D$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(BHTML Writers Guide $B$N(B -servers$B%a!<%j%s%0%j%9%H(B +$B$O!"$"$J$?$Nhttp://www.hwg.org/lists/hwg-servers/ +$B$G99$KB?$/$rC5$7=P$9$3$H$,(B +$B$G$-$^$9!#(B

+ +

$B$=$7$F$b$A$m$s!"$*$=$i$/(B CGI $B%W%m%0%i%`$NF0:n$K4X$9$k>\:Y$N(B +$BA4$F$,5-=R$5$l$F$$$k(B CGI $B$N;EMM$rFI$`$Y$-$G$9!#%*%j%8%J%k%P!<%8%g%s$r(B +NCSA $B$G!"(B +$B%"%C%W%G!<%H$5$l$?%I%i%U%H$r(B +Common Gateway Interface RFC +$B%W%m%8%'%/%H(B$B$G;2>H$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B

+ +

CGI $B$NLdBj$K$D$$$F!"2C$o$C$F$$$k%a!<%j%s%0%j%9%H$^$?$O%K%e!<%9(B +$B%0%k!<%W$KpJs$H!"(B +$B2DG=$G$"$l$PLdBj$N%3!<%I$rDs6!$9$k$h$&$K$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B +$B$=$&$9$k$3$H$G!"LdBj$,$h$j4VC1$K8+$D$+$k$h$&$K$J$j$^$9!#(B

+ +

Apache $B$N%=!<%9%3!<%I$K$*$$$FLdBj$rH/8+$7$?$3$H$r3N?.$7$F$$$J$$(B +$B8B$j!"(BCGI $B$NLdBj$K4X$9$k + + + + + +

Dynamic Content with CGI

CGI $B$K$h$kF0E*%3%s%F%s%D(B

CGI $B$K$h$kF0E*%3%s%F%s%D(B