Otvety na chasto zadavaemye voprosy po PostgreSQL
- Data poslednego obnovleniya: Pyatnica 16 sentyabrya 14:07:22 EDT 2005
+ Data poslednego obnovleniya: Pyatnica 24 fevralya 23:28:40 EDT 2006
Anglijskij variant soprovozhdaet: Bryus Mom'yan (Bruce Momjian)
(pgman@candle.pha.pa.us)
Obschie voprosy
1.1) CHto takoe PostgreSQL? Kak proiznositsya `eto nazvanie?
- 1.2) Kakovy avtorskie prava na PostgreSQL?
- 1.3) Na kakih platformah rabotaet PostgreSQL?
- 1.4) Gde mozhno vzyat' PostgreSQL?
- 1.5) Gde poluchit' podderzhku?
- 1.6) Kak mne soobschit' ob oshibke?
- 1.7) Kakaya versiya poslednyaya?
- 1.8) Kakaya dokumentaciya imeetsya v nalichii?
+ 1.2) Kto upravlyaet PostgreSQL?
+ 1.3) Kakovy avtorskie prava na PostgreSQL?
+ 1.4) Na kakih platformah rabotaet PostgreSQL?
+ 1.5) Gde mozhno vzyat' PostgreSQL?
+ 1.6) Kakaya versiya poslednyaya?
+ 1.7) Gde poluchit' podderzhku?
+ 1.8) Kak mne soobschit' ob oshibke?
1.9) Kak najti informaciyu ob izvestnyh oshibkah ili otsutstvuyuschih
vozmozhnostyah?
- 1.10) Kak nauchit'sya SQL?
- 1.11) Kak prisoedinitsya k komande razrabotchikov?
- 1.12) Kak sravnivat' PostgreSQL s drugimi SUBD?
- 1.13) Kto upravlyaet PostgreSQL?
+ 1.10) Kakaya dokumentaciya imeetsya v nalichii?
+ 1.11) Kak nauchit'sya SQL?
+ 1.12) Kak prisoedinitsya k komande razrabotchikov?
+ 1.13) Kak sravnit' PostgreSQL s drugimi SUBD?
Voprosy pol'zovatelej po klientskoj chasti
3.1) Kak mne ustanovit' PostgreSQL v mesto otlichnoe ot
/usr/local/pgsql?
- 3.2) Kak mne upravlyat' soedineniyami s drugih komp'yuterov?
+ 3.2) Kak mne upravlyat' soedineniyami ot drugih komp'yuterov?
3.3) Kakie nastrojki mne nuzhno sdelat' dlya uluchsheniya
proizvoditel'nosti?
3.4) Kakie vozmozhnosti dlya otladki est' v nalichii?
Podrobnosti smotrite v FAQ dlya razrabotchikov,
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ_DEV.html
- 1.2) Kakovy avtorskie prava na PostgreSQL?
+ 1.2) Kto upravlyaet PostgreSQL?
+
+ Esli vy ischite kakogo-to osobennogo cheloveka, central'nyj komitet
+ ili upravlyayuschuyu kompaniyu, to naprasno --- ih net. U nas est'
+ yadro komiteta i razrabotchikov, rabotayuschih s CVS, no `eti gruppy
+ sluzhat bol'she dlya administrativnyh celej, chem dlya upravleniya.
+ Proekt napryamuyu funkcioniruet s pomosch'yu soobschestva
+ razrabotchikov i pol'zovatelej, k kotoromu mozhet prisoedinitsya
+ kazhdyj. Vsio chto nuzhno -- `eto podpisat'sya na spiski rassylki i
+ uchastvovat' v diskussiyah. (Podrobnosti o tom kak vklyuchit'sya v
+ razrabotku PostgreSQL smotrite v FAQ dlya razrabotchikov.)
+
+ 1.3) Kakovy avtorskie prava na PostgreSQL?
PostgreSQL rasprostranyaetsya po klassicheskoj licenzii BSD. `Eta
licenziya ne soderzhit ogranichenij na to, kak budet ispol'zovat'sya
ishodnyj kod. Nam nravitsya `eta licenziya i u nas net namerenij eio
- menyat'.
-
- Vot `eta licenziya BSD, kotoruyu my ispol'zuem:
+ menyat'. Vot `eta licenziya BSD, kotoruyu my ispol'zuem:
Sistema Upravleniya Bazami Dannyh PostgreSQL
- Portions copyright (c) 1996-2005, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ Portions copyright (c) 1996-2006, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
Portions Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Regents of the University of
California
PREDOSTAVLYAT' SOPROVOZHDENIE, PODDERZHKU, OBNOVLENIYA, RASSHIRENIYA
ILI IZMENENIYA.
- 1.3) Na kakih platformah rabotaet PostgreSQL?
+ 1.4) Na kakih platformah rabotaet PostgreSQL?
Obychno, PostgreSQL mozhet rabotat' na lyuboj sovremennoj platforme
sovmestimoj s Unix. V instrukcii po ustanovke, vy najdete spisok teh
http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&button=Search&key=postgre
SQL&stype=all&sort=type&dir=%2F.
- 1.4) Gde mozhno vzyat' PostgreSQL?
+ 1.5) Gde mozhno vzyat' PostgreSQL?
CHerez brauzer, ispol'zuya http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/ i cherez
ftp, ispol'zuya ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/.
- 1.5) Gde poluchit' podderzhku?
+ 1.6) Kakaya poslednyaya versiya?
+
+ Poslednij vypusk PostgreSQL - `eto versiya 8.1.3
+
+ My planiruem vypuskat' novye starshie versii kazhdyj god, a mladshie
+ versii kazhdye neskol'ko mesyacev.
+
+ 1.7) Gde poluchit' podderzhku?
Soobschestvo PostgreSQL predostavlyaet pomosch' mnozhestvu
pol'zovatelej cherez E-mail. Osnovnoj web-sajt dlya podpiski na spiski
Spisok kommercheskoj podderzhki kompanij dostupen na
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/companies.php.
- 1.6) Kak mne soobschit' ob oshibke?
+ 1.8) Kak mne soobschit' ob oshibke?
Posetite stranichku so special'noj formoj otchiota ob oshibke v
PostgreSQL po adresu: http://www.postgresql.org/support/submitbug.
-
Takzhe prover'te nalichie bolee svezhej versii PostgreSQL na nashem
FTP sajte ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/.
- 1.7) Kakaya poslednyaya versiya?
+ Na oshibki, uvedomlenie o kotoryh byli sdelany cherez special'nuyu
+ formu ili otpravlennye v kakoj-libo spisok rassylki PostgreSQL,
+ obychno generiruetsya odin iz sleduyuschih otvetov:
+ * `Eto ne oshibka i pochemu
+ * `Eto izvestnaya oshibka i ona uzhe est' v spiske TODO
+ * Dannaya oshibka byla ispravlena v tekuschem vypuske
+ * Dannaya oshibka byla ispravlena, no ispravlenie poka ne popalo v
+ oficial'nyj vypusk
+ * Zaprashivaetsya bolee detal'naya informaciya:
+ + Operacionnaya sistema
+ + Versiya PostgreSQL
+ + Test, vosproizvodyaschij oshibku
+ + Otladochnaya informaciya
+ + Vyvod backtrace otladchika
+ * `Eto novaya oshibka. Mozhet proizojti sleduyuschee:
+ + Budet sozdano ispravlenie, kotoroe budet vklyucheno v
+ sleduyuschij vypusk
+ + Oshibka ne mozhet byt' ispravlena nemedlenno i budet
+ dobavlena v spisok TODO
+
+ 1.9) Kak najti informaciyu ob izvestnyh oshibkah ili otsutstvuyuschih
+ vozmozhnostyah?
- Poslednij vypusk PostgreSQL - `eto versiya 8.0.3
-
- My planiruem vypuskat' novye starshie versii kazhdyj god, a mladshie
- versii kazhdye neskol'ko mesyacev.
+ PostgreSQL podderzhivaet rasshirennyj podklass SQL:2003. Smotrite nash
+ spisok TODO na predmet izvestnyh oshibok, otsutstvuyuschih
+ vozmozhnostej i buduschih planov.
- 1.8) Kakaya dokumentaciya imeetsya v nalichii?
+ Na zapros kakoj-libo vozmozhnosti obychno prihodyat sleduyuschie
+ otvety:
+ * Dannaya vozmozhnost' uzhe est' v spiske TODO
+ * Dannaya vozmozhnost' nezhelatel'na potomu chto:
+ + Ona dubliruet suschestvuyuschuyu funkcional'nost', kotoraya
+ sleduet standartu SQL
+ + Dannaya vozmozhnost' sil'no uslozhnila by kod, no dala by
+ malen'kuyu vygodu
+ + Dannaya vozmozhnost' nebezopasna ili nenadiozhna
+ * Dannaya novaya vozmozhnost' dobavlena v spisok TODO
+
+ PostgreSQL ne ispol'zuet kakuyu-libo sistemu otslezhivaniya oshibok,
+ potomu chto my obnaruzhili, chto ispol'zovanie pryamogo obrascheniya
+ po `elektronnoj pochte i obnovlyaemogo spiska TODO yavlyaetsya bolee
+ `effektivnym. Na praktike, oshibki v programmnom obespechenii
+ sohranyayutsya ochen' nedolgo, a oshibki, kotorye vazhny bol'shomu
+ kolichestvu pol'zovatelej ispravlyayutsya momental'no. Est' tol'ko
+ odno mesto, gde mozhno najti vse izmeneniya, uluchsheniya i
+ ispravleniya, sdelannye v vypuske PostgreSQL - `eto zhurnaly
+ soobschenij sistemy kontrolya versij CVS. Dazhe zamechaniya k vypuskam
+ ne soderzhat vse izmeneniya, sdelannye v programmnom obespechenii.
+
+ 1.10) Kakaya dokumentaciya imeetsya v nalichii?
PostgreSQL soderzhit mnogo dokumentacii, vklyuchaya bol'shoe
rukovodstvo, stranicy `elektronnogo rukovodstva man i nekotorye
Nash sajt soderzhit esche bol'she informacii.
- 1.9) Kak najti informaciyu ob izvestnyh oshibkah ili otsutstvuyuschih
- vozmozhnostyah?
-
- PostgreSQL podderzhivaet rasshirennyj podklass SQL-92. Smotrite nash
- spisok TODO na predmet izvestnyh oshibok, otsutstvuyuschih
- vozmozhnostej i buduschih planov.
-
- 1.10) Kak mne nauchit'sya SQL?
+ 1.11) Kak mne nauchit'sya SQL?
Vo-pervyh, voz'mite odnu iz knig po PostgreSQL, o kotoryh govorilos'
vyshe. Esche odin uchebnik - `eto kniga "Teach Yourself SQL in 21
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/graeme_birchall/HTM_COOK.HTM,
i na http://sqlcourse.com.
- 1.11) Kak prisoedinitsya k komande razrabotchikov?
+ 1.12) Kak prisoedinitsya k komande razrabotchikov?
Smotrite FAQ dlya razrabotchikov.
- 1.12) Kak sravnivat' PostgreSQL s drugimi SUBD?
+ 1.13) Kak sravnit' PostgreSQL s drugimi SUBD?
Suschestvuet neskol'ko metodov sravneniya programmnogo obespecheniya:
vozmozhnosti, proizvoditel'nost', nadezhnost', podderzhka i cena.
podderzhku PostgreSQL prevoshodyaschej drugie SUBD.
Suschestvuet kommercheskaya podderzhka po rezul'tam voznikshih
incidentov, kotoraya dostupna dlya teh komu ona nuzhna.
- (Smotrite Sekciyu 1.5.)
+ (Smotrite Sekciyu 1.7.)
Cena
Nash produkt besplaten kak dlya kommercheskogo tak, i ne dlya
nash produkt bez ogranichenij, za isklyucheniem teh, chto
opisyvayutsya v nashej licenzii stilya BSD, kotoraya privedena
vyshe.
-
- 1.13) Kto upravlyaet PostgreSQL?
-
- Esli vy ischite kakogo-to osobennogo cheloveka, central'nyj komitet
- ili upravlyayuschuyu kompaniyu, to naprasno --- ih net. U nas est'
- yadro komiteta i razrabotchikov, rabotayuschih s CVS, no `eti gruppy
- sluzhat bol'she dlya administrativnyh celej, chem dlya upravleniya.
- Proekt napryamuyu funkcioniruet s pomosch'yu soobschestva
- razrabotchikov i pol'zovatelej, k kotoromu mozhet prisoedinitsya
- kazhdyj. Vsio chto nuzhno -- `eto podpisat'sya na spiski rassylki i
- uchastvovat' v diskussiyah. (Podrobnosti o tom kak vklyuchit'sya v
- razrabotku PostgreSQL smotrite v FAQ dlya razrabotchikov.)
_________________________________________________________________
Voprosy pol'zovatelej po klientskoj chasti
Zadajte opciyu --prefix kogda zapuskaete configure.
- 3.2) Kak mne upravlyat' soedineniyami s drugih komp'yuterov?
+ 3.2) Kak mne upravlyat' soedineniyami ot drugih komp'yuterov?
Po umolchaniyu, PostgreSQL razreshaet tol'ko soedineniya na lokal'noj
mashine cherez sokety domena Unix ili TCP/IP soedineniya. Dlya togo,
kotoryh celoe chislo i tekstovoe opisanie. Pri `etom dlina teksta, v
srednem, sostavlyaet 20 bajt. Razmer prostogo fajla sostavit 2.8 MB.
Razmer bazy PostgreSQL, soderzhaschej `eti zhe dannye sostavit
- priblizitel'no 6.4 MB iz kotoryh:
+ priblizitel'no 5.6 MB iz kotoryh:
28 bajt: na kazhdyj zagolovok stroki v tablice (priblizitel'no)
+ 24 bajta: odno pole s celochislennym tipom i odno tekstovoe pole
+ 4 bajta: ukazatel' na stranice dlya vsej tablichnoj stroki
sortirovkoj obychno bystree, chem poisk po indeksam v bol'shoj
tablice. Odnako, ORDER BY chasto kombiniruetsya s LIMIT i v `etom
sluchae indeks budet ispol'zovat'sya, poskol'ku pri vypolnenii budet
- vozvraschat'sya nebol'shaya chast' tablicy. Fakticheski MAX() i MIN()
- ne ispol'zuyut indeksy, no indeks ispol'zuetsya pri postroenii
- zaprosov s ORDER BY i LIMIT:
- SELECT col
- FROM tab
- ORDER BY col [ DESC ]
- LIMIT 1;
-
+ vozvraschat'sya nebol'shaya chast' tablicy.
+
Esli vam kazhetsya, chto optimizator nekorrektno vybiraet
posledovatel'nyj perebor, ispol'zujte SET enable_seqscan TO 'off' i
zapustite zapros snova, chtoby uvidet', dejstvitel'no li skanirovanie
<BODY bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#ff0000" vlink="#a00000" alink="#0000ff">
<H1>ïÔ×ÅÔÙ ÎÁ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÐÏ PostgreSQL</H1>
- <P>äÁÔÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ: ðÑÔÎÉÃÁ 16 ÓÅÎÔÑÂÒÑ 14:07:22 EDT 2005</P>
+ <P>äÁÔÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ: ðÑÔÎÉÃÁ 24 ÆÅ×ÒÁÌÑ 23:28:40 EDT 2006</P>
<P>áÎÇÌÉÊÓËÉÊ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ ÓÏÐÒÏ×ÏÖÄÁÅÔ: âÒÀÓ íÏÍØÑÎ (Bruce Momjian) (<A href=
"mailto:pgman@candle.pha.pa.us">pgman@candle.pha.pa.us</A>)<BR>
<HR>
<H2 align="center">ïÂÝÉÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ</H2>
- <A href="#1.1">1.1</A>) þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ PostgreSQL? ëÁË ÐÒÏÉÚÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ?<BR>
- <A href="#1.2">1.2</A>) ëÁËÏ×Ù Á×ÔÏÒÓËÉÅ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ PostgreSQL?<BR>
- <A href="#1.3">1.3</A>) îÁ ËÁËÉÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁÈ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ PostgreSQL?<BR>
- <A href="#1.4">1.4</A>) çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÚÑÔØ PostgreSQL?<BR>
- <A href="#1.5">1.5</A>) çÄÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ?<BR>
- <A href="#1.6">1.6</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔØ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ?<BR>
- <A href="#1.7">1.7</A>) ëÁËÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ?<BR>
- <A href="#1.8">1.8</A>) ëÁËÁÑ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ × ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ?<BR>
- <A href="#1.9">1.9</A>) ëÁË ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ ÉÌÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ
+ <A href="#item1.1">1.1</A>) þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ PostgreSQL? ëÁË ÐÒÏÉÚÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.2">1.2</A>) ëÔÏ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ PostgreSQL?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.3">1.3</A>) ëÁËÏ×Ù Á×ÔÏÒÓËÉÅ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ PostgreSQL?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.4">1.4</A>) îÁ ËÁËÉÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁÈ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ PostgreSQL?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.5">1.5</A>) çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÚÑÔØ PostgreSQL?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.6">1.6</A>) ëÁËÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.7">1.7</A>) çÄÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.8">1.8</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔØ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.9">1.9</A>) ëÁË ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ ÉÌÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ
×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÈ?<BR>
- <A href="#1.10">1.10</A>) ëÁË ÎÁÕÞÉÔØÓÑ <SMALL>SQL</SMALL>?<BR>
- <A href="#1.11">1.11</A>) ëÁË ÐÒÉÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔÓÑ Ë ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×?<BR>
- <A href="#1.12">1.12</A>) ëÁË ÓÒÁ×ÎÉ×ÁÔØ PostgreSQL Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ
+ <A href="#item1.10">1.10</A>) ëÁËÁÑ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ × ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.11">1.11</A>) ëÁË ÎÁÕÞÉÔØÓÑ <SMALL>SQL</SMALL>?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.12">1.12</A>) ëÁË ÐÒÉÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔÓÑ Ë ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.13">1.13</A>) ëÁË ÓÒÁ×ÎÉÔØ PostgreSQL Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ
<SMALL>óõâä</SMALL>?<BR>
- <A href="#1.13">1.13</A>) ëÔÏ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ PostgreSQL?<BR>
<H2 align="center">÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÐÏ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ</H2>
- <A href="#2.1">2.1</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ ÅÓÔØ ÄÌÑ PostgreSQL?<BR>
- <A href="#2.2">2.2</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÙ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+ <A href="#item2.1">2.1</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ ÅÓÔØ ÄÌÑ PostgreSQL?<BR>
+ <A href="#item2.2">2.2</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÙ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
PostgreSQL ÞÅÒÅÚ Web?<BR>
- <A href="#2.3">2.3</A>) åÓÔØ ÌÉ Õ PostgreSQL ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ
+ <A href="#item2.3">2.3</A>) åÓÔØ ÌÉ Õ PostgreSQL ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ?<BR>
<H2 align="center">÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</H2>
- <A href="#3.1">3.1</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ PostgreSQL × ÍÅÓÔÏ ÏÔÌÉÞÎÏÅ
+ <A href="#item3.1">3.1</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ PostgreSQL × ÍÅÓÔÏ ÏÔÌÉÞÎÏÅ
ÏÔ <I>/usr/local/pgsql</I>?<BR>
- <A href="#3.2">3.2</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
+ <A href="#item3.2">3.2</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ ÏÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ×?<BR>
- <A href="#3.3">3.3</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÍÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÉÑ
+ <A href="#item3.3">3.3</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÍÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÉÑ
ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ?<BR>
- <A href="#3.4">3.4</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ ÅÓÔØ × ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ?<BR>
- <A href="#3.5">3.5</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ <I>"Sorry, too many
+ <A href="#item3.4">3.4</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ ÅÓÔØ × ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ?<BR>
+ <A href="#item3.5">3.5</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ <I>"Sorry, too many
clients"</I> ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÙÔÁÀÓØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÂÁÚÅ?<BR>
- <A href="#3.6">3.6</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ dump É restore ÐÒÉ
+ <A href="#item3.6">3.6</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ dump É restore ÐÒÉ
ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ×ÙÐÕÓËÏ× PostgreSQL?<BR>
- <A href="#3.7">3.7</A>) ëÁËÏÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÎÏÅ "ÖÅÌÅÚÏ" Ñ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
+ <A href="#item3.7">3.7</A>) ëÁËÏÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÎÏÅ "ÖÅÌÅÚÏ" Ñ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ?<BR>
<H2 align="center">÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÜËÓÐÌÕÁÔÁÃÉÉ</H2>
- <A href="#4.1">4.1</A>) ëÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ <SMALL>SELECT</SMALL> ÔÏÌØËÏ
+ <A href="#item4.1">4.1</A>) ëÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ <SMALL>SELECT</SMALL> ÔÏÌØËÏ
ÄÌÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ ÓÔÒÏÞÅË ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ? äÌÑ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ?<BR>
- <A href="#4.2">4.2</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ËÁËÉÅ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ, ÉÎÄÅËÓÙ,
+ <A href="#item4.2">4.2</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ËÁËÉÅ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ, ÉÎÄÅËÓÙ,
ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ? ëÁË ÍÎÅ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ <I>psql</I> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ?<BR>
- <A href="#4.3">4.3</A>) ëÁË ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÔÉÐ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ËÏÌÏÎËÉ?<BR>
- <A href="#4.4">4.4</A>) ëÁËÏ×Ù ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÙ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÒÏË × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ,
+ <A href="#item4.3">4.3</A>) ëÁË ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÔÉÐ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ËÏÌÏÎËÉ?<BR>
+ <A href="#item4.4">4.4</A>) ëÁËÏ×Ù ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÙ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÒÏË × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ,
ÔÁÂÌÉÃ É ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ?<BR>
- <A href="#4.5">4.5</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á × ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+ <A href="#item4.5">4.5</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á × ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ?<BR>
- <A href="#4.6">4.6</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÍÏÉ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÍÅÄÌÅÎÏ? ðÏÞÅÍÕ
+ <A href="#item4.6">4.6</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÍÏÉ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÍÅÄÌÅÎÏ? ðÏÞÅÍÕ
ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÍÏÉ ÉÎÄÅËÓÙ?<BR>
- <A href="#4.7">4.7</A>) ëÁË ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ËÁË ÏÐÔÉÍÉÚÁÔÏÒ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ
+ <A href="#item4.7">4.7</A>) ëÁË ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ËÁË ÏÐÔÉÍÉÚÁÔÏÒ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ
ÍÏÊ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ?<BR>
- <A href="#4.8">4.8</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÏÉÓË ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ
+ <A href="#item4.8">4.8</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÏÉÓË ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ
É ÐÏÉÓË ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÊ ÏÔ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁ ÂÕË× ÐÏÉÓË ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ?
ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÎÄÅËÓ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÔ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁ ÂÕË×?<BR>
- <A href="#4.9">4.9</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌÑ ÒÁ×ÎÏ
+ <A href="#item4.9">4.9</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌÑ ÒÁ×ÎÏ
<SMALL>NULL</SMALL> × ËÁËÏÍ-ÌÉÂÏ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÅ? íÏÇÕ Ñ ÏÔÓÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÌÑ
<SMALL>NULL</SMALL> ÉÌÉ ÎÅÔ?<BR>
- <A href="#4.10">4.10</A>) ëÁËÏ×Ù ÏÔÌÉÞÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌØÎÙÍÉ
+ <A href="#item4.10">4.10</A>) ëÁËÏ×Ù ÏÔÌÉÞÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌØÎÙÍÉ
ÔÉÐÁÍÉ?<BR>
- <A href="#4.11.1">4.11.1</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÐÏÌÅ serial/Ó-Á×ÔÏ-Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÅÍ?<BR>
- <A href="#4.11.2">4.11.2</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÉ ×ÓÔÁ×ËÅ
+ <A href="#item4.11.1">4.11.1</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÐÏÌÅ serial/Ó-Á×ÔÏ-Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÅÍ?<BR>
+ <A href="#item4.11.2">4.11.2</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÉ ×ÓÔÁ×ËÅ
<SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL>?<BR>
- <A href="#4.11.3">4.11.3</A>) îÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÌÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØÓÑ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ
+ <A href="#item4.11.3">4.11.3</A>) îÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÌÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØÓÑ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <I>currval()</I> É <I>nextval()</I> ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÔ Ë
ÚÁÃÉËÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ?<BR>
- <A href="#4.11.4">4.11.4</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÞÉÓÌÁ ÉÚ ÍÏÅÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ
+ <A href="#item4.11.4">4.11.4</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÞÉÓÌÁ ÉÚ ÍÏÅÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ
ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÓÎÏ×Á ÐÒÉ ÏÔÍÅÎÅ ÔÒÁÎÚÁËÃÉÉ? ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÒÁÚÒÙ×Ù
ÐÒÉ ÎÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÉ × ËÏÌÏÎËÅ, ÇÄÅ Ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ/SERIAL?<BR>
- <A href="#4.12">4.12</A>) þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ <SMALL>OID</SMALL>? þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ
+ <A href="#item4.12">4.12</A>) þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ <SMALL>OID</SMALL>? þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ
<SMALL>CTID</SMALL>?<BR>
- <A href="#4.13">4.13</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ ÏÛÉÂËÕ <I>"ERROR: Memory
+ <A href="#item4.13">4.13</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ ÏÛÉÂËÕ <I>"ERROR: Memory
exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()"</I>?<BR>
- <A href="#4.14">4.14</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÕÚÎÁÔØ, ËÁËÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ PostgreSQL
+ <A href="#item4.14">4.14</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÕÚÎÁÔØ, ËÁËÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ PostgreSQL
ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ?<BR>
- <A href="#4.15">4.15</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ËÏÌÏÎËÕ ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
+ <A href="#item4.15">4.15</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ËÏÌÏÎËÕ ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÔÅËÕÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ?<BR>
- <A href="#4.16">4.16</A>) ëÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ×ÎÅÛÎÅÅ Ó×ÑÚÙ×ÁÎÉÅ?<BR>
- <A href="#4.17">4.17</A>) ëÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
+ <A href="#item4.16">4.16</A>) ëÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ×ÎÅÛÎÅÅ Ó×ÑÚÙ×ÁÎÉÅ?<BR>
+ <A href="#item4.17">4.17</A>) ëÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
ÂÁÚ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ?<BR>
- <A href="#4.18">4.18</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ ÉÚ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÔÒÏË ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ?<BR>
- <A href="#4.19">4.19</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ ÏÛÉÂËÕ "relation with OID ####
+ <A href="#item4.18">4.18</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ ÉÚ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÔÒÏË ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ?<BR>
+ <A href="#item4.19">4.19</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ ÏÛÉÂËÕ "relation with OID ####
ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ", ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÀÔÓØ Ë ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁÍ × ÆÕÎËÃÉÑÈ PL/PgSQL?<BR>
- <A href="#4.20">4.20</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ÅÓÔØ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÒÅÐÌÉËÁÃÉÉ?<BR>
- <A href="#4.21">4.21</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ É ËÏÌÏÎÏË ÎÅ
+ <A href="#item4.20">4.20</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ÅÓÔØ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÒÅÐÌÉËÁÃÉÉ?<BR>
+ <A href="#item4.21">4.21</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ É ËÏÌÏÎÏË ÎÅ
ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÀÔÓÑ × × ÍÏ£Í ÚÁÐÒÏÓÅ?<BR>
<HR>
<H2 align="center">ïÂÝÉÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ</H2>
- <H3><A name="1.1">1.1</A>) þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ PostgreSQL? ëÁË ÐÒÏÉÚÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ?</H3>
+ <H3><A name="item1.1">1.1</A>) þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ PostgreSQL? ëÁË ÐÒÏÉÚÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ?</H3>
<P>PostgreSQL ÐÒÏÉÚÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ <I>Post-Gres-Q-L (ðÏÓÔ-çÒÅÓ-ëØÀ-üÌ)</I>,
ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÇÏ×ÏÒÑÔ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ <I>Postgres</I>. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕÓÌÙÛÁÔØ ËÁË
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ_DEV.html</A>
</P>
- <H3><A name="1.2">1.2</A>) ëÁËÏ×Ù Á×ÔÏÒÓËÉÅ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ PostgreSQL?</H3>
+ <H3><A name="item1.2">1.2</A>) ëÔÏ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ PostgreSQL?</H3>
+
+ <P>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÝÉÔÅ ËÁËÏÇÏ-ÔÏ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÞÅÌÏ×ÅËÁ, ÃÅÎÔÒÁÌØÎÙÊ
+ ËÏÍÉÔÅÔ ÉÌÉ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÀ, ÔÏ ÎÁÐÒÁÓÎÏ --- ÉÈ ÎÅÔ.
+ õ ÎÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÑÄÒÏ ËÏÍÉÔÅÔÁ É ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÈ Ó CVS,
+ ÎÏ ÜÔÉ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÓÌÕÖÁÔ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÄÌÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÃÅÌÅÊ, ÞÅÍ
+ ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ. ðÒÏÅËÔ ÎÁÐÒÑÍÕÀ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÕÅÔ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
+ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÓÔ×Á ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× É ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÍÕ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ ÐÒÉÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔÓÑ ËÁÖÄÙÊ. ÷Ó£ ÞÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ -- ÜÔÏ ÐÏÄÐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
+ ÓÐÉÓËÉ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ É ÕÞÁÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ × ÄÉÓËÕÓÓÉÑÈ. (ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ Ï
+ ÔÏÍ ËÁË ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ × ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÕ PostgreSQL ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ×
+ <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.FAQ_DEV.html">
+ FAQ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×</A>.)</P>
+
+ <H3><A name="item1.3">1.3</A>) ëÁËÏ×Ù Á×ÔÏÒÓËÉÅ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ PostgreSQL?</H3>
<P>PostgreSQL ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ ËÌÁÓÓÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÉ BSD. üÔÁ
ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÑ ÎÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ËÁË ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ ËÏÄ. îÁÍ ÎÒÁ×ÉÔÓÑ ÜÔÁ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÑ É Õ ÎÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÎÁÍÅÒÅÎÉÊ Å£
- ÍÅÎÑÔØ.</P>
-
- <P>÷ÏÔ ÜÔÁ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÑ BSD, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ:</P>
+ ÍÅÎÑÔØ. ÷ÏÔ ÜÔÁ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÑ BSD, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ:</P>
<P>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ õÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ âÁÚÁÍÉ äÁÎÎÙÈ PostgreSQL</P>
- <P>Portions copyright (c) 1996-2005, PostgreSQL Global Development
+ <P>Portions copyright (c) 1996-2006, PostgreSQL Global Development
Group Portions Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Regents of the University of
California</P>
"ëáë åóôø" é ëáìéæïòîéêóëéê õîé÷åòóéôåô îå ïâñúáî ðòåäïóôá÷ìñôø
óïðòï÷ïöäåîéå, ðïääåòöëõ, ïâîï÷ìåîéñ, òáóûéòåîéñ éìé éúíåîåîéñ.</P>
- <H3><A name="1.3">1.3</A>) îÁ ËÁËÉÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁÈ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ PostgreSQL?</H3>
+ <H3><A name="item1.4">1.4</A>) îÁ ËÁËÉÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁÈ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ PostgreSQL?</H3>
<P>ïÂÙÞÎÏ, PostgreSQL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÅ
ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÊ Ó Unix. ÷ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, ×Ù ÎÁÊÄÅÔÅ ÓÐÉÓÏË
<A href="http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&button=Search&key=postgreSQL&stype=all&sort=type&dir=%2F">
http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&button=Search&key=postgreSQL&stype=all&sort=type&dir=%2F</A>.</P>
- <H3><A name="1.4">1.4</A>) çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÚÑÔØ PostgreSQL?</H3>
+ <H3><A name="item1.5">1.5</A>) çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÚÑÔØ PostgreSQL?</H3>
<P>þÅÒÅÚ ÂÒÁÕÚÅÒ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/">
http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/</a> É ÞÅÒÅÚ ftp, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ
<A href="ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/">ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/</A>.</P>
- <H3><A name="1.5">1.5</A>) çÄÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ?</H3>
+
+ <H3><A name="item1.6">1.6</A>) ëÁËÁÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ?</H3>
+
+ <P>ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ×ÙÐÕÓË PostgreSQL - ÜÔÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ 8.1.3</P>
+
+ <P>íÙ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÍ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÓÔÁÒÛÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÇÏÄ,
+ Á ÍÌÁÄÛÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ËÁÖÄÙÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÍÅÓÑÃÅ×.</P>
+
+
+ <H3><A name="item1.7">1.7</A>) çÄÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ?</H3>
<P>óÏÏÂÝÅÓÔ×Ï PostgreSQL ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÝØ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Õ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ
ÞÅÒÅÚ E-mail. ïÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ web-ÓÁÊÔ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÐÉÓËÉ ÎÁ ÓÐÉÓËÉ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ ÐÏ
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/companies.php</A>.</P>
- <H3><A name="1.6">1.6</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔØ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ?</H3>
+ <H3><A name="item1.8">1.8</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔØ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ?</H3>
<P>ðÏÓÅÔÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÞËÕ ÓÏ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏÊ ÆÏÒÍÏÊ ÏÔÞ£ÔÁ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ ×
PostgreSQL ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ:
<A HREF="http://www.postgresql.org/support/submitbug">
- http://www.postgresql.org/support/submitbug</A>.</P>
-
- <P>ôÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ Ó×ÅÖÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ PostgreSQL ÎÁ ÎÁÛÅÍ
+ http://www.postgresql.org/support/submitbug</A>.
+ ôÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ Ó×ÅÖÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ PostgreSQL ÎÁ ÎÁÛÅÍ
FTP ÓÁÊÔÅ <A href="ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/">
- ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/</A>.
+ ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/</A>.</P>
+ <P>îÁ ÏÛÉÂËÉ, Õ×ÅÄÏÍÌÅÎÉÅ Ï ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÂÙÌÉ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÙ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÕÀ
+ ÆÏÒÍÕ ÉÌÉ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ × ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ PostgreSQL,
+ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÏÔ×ÅÔÏ×:</P>
+ <UL>
+ <LI>üÔÏ ÎÅ ÏÛÉÂËÁ É ÐÏÞÅÍÕ</LI>
+ <LI>üÔÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ É ÏÎÁ ÕÖÅ ÅÓÔØ × ÓÐÉÓËÅ
+ <A HREF="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.TODO.html">TODO</A></LI>
+ <LI>äÁÎÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÂÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ × ÔÅËÕÝÅÍ ×ÙÐÕÓËÅ</LI>
+ <LI>äÁÎÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÂÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ, ÎÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÐÏÐÁÌÏ ×
+ ÏÆÉÃÉÁÌØÎÙÊ ×ÙÐÕÓË</LI>
+ <LI>úÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ:
+ <UL>
+ <LI>ïÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ</LI>
+ <LI>÷ÅÒÓÉÑ PostgreSQL</LI>
+ <LI>ôÅÓÔ, ×ÏÓÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÏÛÉÂËÕ</LI>
+ <LI>ïÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ</LI>
+ <LI>÷Ù×ÏÄ backtrace ÏÔÌÁÄÞÉËÁ</LI>
+ </UL>
+ </LI>
+ <LI>üÔÏ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ. íÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÏÉÚÏÊÔÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:
+ <UL>
+ <LI>âÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ
+ ×ÙÐÕÓË</LI>
+ <LI>ïÛÉÂËÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ É ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ × ÓÐÉÓÏË
+ <A HREF="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.TODO.html">TODO</A></LI>
+ </UL>
+ </LI>
+ </UL>
- <H3><A name="1.7">1.7</A>) ëÁËÁÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ?</H3>
+ <H3><A name="1.9">1.9</A>) ëÁË ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ
+ ÉÌÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÈ?</H3>
- <P>ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ×ÙÐÕÓË PostgreSQL - ÜÔÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ 8.0.3</P>
+ <P>PostgreSQL ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÏÄËÌÁÓÓ <SMALL>SQL:2003</SMALL>.
+ óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÎÁÛ ÓÐÉÓÏË <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.TODO.html">TODO</A>
+ ÎÁ ÐÒÅÄÍÅÔ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ É ÂÕÄÕÝÉÈ
+ ÐÌÁÎÏ×.</P>
- <P>íÙ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÍ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÓÔÁÒÛÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÇÏÄ,
- Á ÍÌÁÄÛÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ËÁÖÄÙÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÍÅÓÑÃÅ×.</P>
+ <P>îÁ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÒÉÈÏÄÑÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ:</P>
+ <UL>
+ <LI>äÁÎÎÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÕÖÅ ÅÓÔØ × ÓÐÉÓËÅ
+ <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.TODO.html">TODO</A></LI>
+ <LI>äÁÎÎÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÁ ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ:
+ <UL>
+ <LI>ïÎÁ ÄÕÂÌÉÒÕÅÔ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ
+ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÕ SQL</LI>
+ <LI>äÁÎÎÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÓÉÌØÎÏ ÕÓÌÏÖÎÉÌÁ ÂÙ ËÏÄ, ÎÏ ÄÁÌÁ ÂÙ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÕÀ
+ ×ÙÇÏÄÕ</LI>
+ <LI>äÁÎÎÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÁ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÎÁÄ£ÖÎÁ</LI>
+ </UL>
+ </LI>
+ <LI>äÁÎÎÁÑ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ × ÓÐÉÓÏË
+ <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.TODO.html">TODO</A>
+ </LI>
+ </UL>
+
+ <P>PostgreSQL ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ËÁËÕÀ-ÌÉÂÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ÏÛÉÂÏË,
+ ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÍÙ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌÉ, ÞÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÑÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ
+ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÅ É ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÍÏÇÏ ÓÐÉÓËÁ
+ <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.TODO.html">TODO</A>
+ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÙÍ. îÁ ÐÒÁËÔÉËÅ, ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÍ
+ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÉ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÏÞÅÎØ ÎÅÄÏÌÇÏ, Á ÏÛÉÂËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÁÖÎÙ
+ ÂÏÌØÛÏÍÕ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Õ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁÌØÎÏ. åÓÔØ
+ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÏ, ÇÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ×ÓÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÉÑ É
+ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ, ÓÄÅÌÁÎÎÙÅ × ×ÙÐÕÓËÅ PostgreSQL - ÜÔÏ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÙ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ
+ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ
+ <A HREF="http://www.postgresql.org/developer/sourcecode/">CVS</A>.
+ äÁÖÅ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ Ë ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÍ ÎÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ×ÓÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÓÄÅÌÁÎÎÙÅ
+ × ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÍ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÉ.</P>
+
- <H3><A name="1.8">1.8</A>) ëÁËÁÑ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ × ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ?</H3>
+ <H3><A name="item1.10">1.10</A>) ëÁËÁÑ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ × ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ?</H3>
<P>PostgreSQL ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï,
ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á man É ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÅ ÔÅÓÔÏ×ÙÅ
<P>îÁÛ ÓÁÊÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÅÝÅ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</P>
- <H3><A name="1.9">1.9</A>) ëÁË ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ
- ÉÌÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÈ?</H3>
-
- <P>PostgreSQL ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÏÄËÌÁÓÓ <SMALL>SQL</SMALL>-92.
- óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÎÁÛ ÓÐÉÓÏË <A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.TODO.html">TODO</A>
- ÎÁ ÐÒÅÄÍÅÔ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË, ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ É ÂÕÄÕÝÉÈ
- ÐÌÁÎÏ×.</P>
- <H3><A name="1.10">1.10</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÎÁÕÞÉÔØÓÑ <SMALL>SQL</SMALL>?</H3>
+ <H3><A name="item1.11">1.11</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÎÁÕÞÉÔØÓÑ <SMALL>SQL</SMALL>?</H3>
<P>÷Ï-ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ, ×ÏÚØÍÉÔÅ ÏÄÎÕ ÉÚ ËÎÉÇ ÐÏ PostgreSQL, Ï ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÌÏÓØ
×ÙÛÅ. åÝÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÕÞÅÂÎÉË - ÜÔÏ ËÎÉÇÁ "Teach Yourself SQL in 21 Days,
É ÎÁ <A href="http://sqlcourse.com/">http://sqlcourse.com.</A></P>
- <H3><A name="1.11">1.11</A>) ëÁË ÐÒÉÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔÓÑ Ë ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×?</H3>
+ <H3><A name="item1.12">1.12</A>) ëÁË ÐÒÉÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔÓÑ Ë ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×?</H3>
<P>óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.FAQ_DEV.html">
FAQ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×</A>.</P>
- <H3><A name="1.12">1.12</A>) ëÁË ÓÒÁ×ÎÉ×ÁÔØ PostgreSQL Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ
+ <H3><A name="item1.13">1.13</A>) ëÁË ÓÒÁ×ÎÉÔØ PostgreSQL Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ
<SMALL>óõâä</SMALL>?</H3>
<P>
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×ÁÍ É ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍ ÔÅËÓÔÁÍ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÀÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ
PostgreSQL ÐÒÅ×ÏÓÈÏÄÑÝÅÊ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ <SMALL>óõâä</SMALL>. óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÁÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÐÏ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÍ ×ÏÚÎÉËÛÉÈ ÉÎÃÉÄÅÎÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
- ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÔÅÈ ËÏÍÕ ÏÎÁ ÎÕÖÎÁ. (óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ <A href="#1.5">óÅËÃÉÀ 1.5</A>.)<BR>
+ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÔÅÈ ËÏÍÕ ÏÎÁ ÎÕÖÎÁ. (óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ <A href="#item1.7">óÅËÃÉÀ 1.7</A>.)<BR>
<BR>
</DD>
</DD>
</DL>
- <H3><A name="1.13">1.13</A>) ëÔÏ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ PostgreSQL?</H3>
-
- <P>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÝÉÔÅ ËÁËÏÇÏ-ÔÏ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÞÅÌÏ×ÅËÁ, ÃÅÎÔÒÁÌØÎÙÊ
- ËÏÍÉÔÅÔ ÉÌÉ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÀ, ÔÏ ÎÁÐÒÁÓÎÏ --- ÉÈ ÎÅÔ.
- õ ÎÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÑÄÒÏ ËÏÍÉÔÅÔÁ É ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÈ Ó CVS,
- ÎÏ ÜÔÉ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÓÌÕÖÁÔ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÄÌÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÃÅÌÅÊ, ÞÅÍ
- ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ. ðÒÏÅËÔ ÎÁÐÒÑÍÕÀ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÕÅÔ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
- ÓÏÏÂÝÅÓÔ×Á ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× É ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÍÕ ÍÏÖÅÔ
- ÐÒÉÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔÓÑ ËÁÖÄÙÊ. ÷Ó£ ÞÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ -- ÜÔÏ ÐÏÄÐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ
- ÓÐÉÓËÉ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ É ÕÞÁÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ × ÄÉÓËÕÓÓÉÑÈ. (ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ Ï
- ÔÏÍ ËÁË ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ × ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÕ PostgreSQL ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ×
- <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.FAQ_DEV.html">
- FAQ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×</A>.)</P>
<HR>
<H3 align="center">÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÐÏ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ</H3>
- <H3><A name="2.1">2.1</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ ÅÓÔØ ÄÌÑ PostgreSQL?</H3>
+ <H3><A name="item2.1">2.1</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ ÅÓÔØ ÄÌÑ PostgreSQL?</H3>
<P>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ PostgreSQL ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ <small>C</small> É ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÊ
(embedded) <small>C</small> ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ. ÷ÓÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ
× ÓÅËÃÉÉ <i>Drivers/Interfaces</I>, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÏÉÓË × éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.</P>
- <H3><A name="2.2">2.2</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÙ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+ <H3><A name="item2.2">2.2</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÙ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
PostgreSQL ÞÅÒÅÚ Web?</H3>
<P>ðÒÅËÒÁÓÎÏÅ ××ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ×Ï ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅ ÂÁÚ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É Web ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ:
<P>÷ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ, ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ Perl É DBD::Pg Ó CGI.pm
ÉÌÉ mod_perl.</P>
- <H3><A name="2.3">2.3</A>) åÓÔØ ÌÉ Õ PostgreSQL ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ
+ <H3><A name="item2.3">2.3</A>) åÓÔØ ÌÉ Õ PostgreSQL ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ?</H3>
<P>äÁ, ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ × <a href="http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/GUITools">
<H2 align="center">÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</H2>
- <H3><A name="3.1">3.1</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ PostgreSQL × ÍÅÓÔÏ ÏÔÌÉÞÎÏÅ
+ <H3><A name="item3.1">3.1</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ PostgreSQL × ÍÅÓÔÏ ÏÔÌÉÞÎÏÅ
ÏÔ <I>/usr/local/pgsql</I>?</H3>
<P>úÁÄÁÊÔÅ ÏÐÃÉÀ <I>--prefix</I> ËÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÅ <I>configure</I>.</P>
- <H3><A name="3.2">3.2</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
+ <H3><A name="item3.2">3.2</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ ÏÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ×?</H3>
<P>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, PostgreSQL ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ
host-Á×ÔÏÒÉÚÁÃÉÑ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <I>$PGDATA/pg_hba.conf</I> É ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÁÔØ
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ.</P>
- <H3><A name="3.3">3.3</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÍÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÉÑ
+ <H3><A name="item3.3">3.3</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÍÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÉÑ
ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ?</H3>
<P>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÈ ÏÂÌÁÓÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÔÅÎÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÍÏÇÕÔ
</DD>
</DL>
- <H3><A name="3.4">3.4</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ ÅÓÔØ ×
+ <H3><A name="item3.4">3.4</A>) ëÁËÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ ÅÓÔØ ×
ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ?</H3>
<P>åÓÔØ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË × ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÉÈÓÑ
É ÉÚÍÅÒÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ.</P>
- <H3><A name="3.5">3.5</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ <I>"Sorry, too
+ <H3><A name="item3.5">3.5</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ <I>"Sorry, too
many clients"</I> ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÙÔÁÀÓØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÂÁÚÅ?</H3>
<P>÷Ù ÄÏÓÔÉÇÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ 100 ÓÅÓÓÉÊ
É ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÁÔØ <I>postmaster</I>.</P>
- <H3><A name="3.6">3.6</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ dump É restore ÐÒÉ
+ <H3><A name="item3.6">3.6</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ dump É restore ÐÒÉ
ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ×ÙÐÕÓËÏ× PostgreSQL?</H3>
<P>òÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÉ PostgreSQL ÄÅÌÁÀÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÉÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <i>pg_upgrade</i> ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁ.</P>
- <H3><A name="3.7">3.7</A>) ëÁËÏÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÎÏÅ "ÖÅÌÅÚÏ" Ñ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
+ <H3><A name="item3.7">3.7</A>) ëÁËÏÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÎÏÅ "ÖÅÌÅÚÏ" Ñ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ?</H3>
<P>ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ "ÖÅÌÅÚÏ" ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁÌØÎÙÈ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ× Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ
<H2 align="center">÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÜËÓÐÌÕÁÔÁÃÉÉ</H2>
- <H3><A name="4.1">4.1</A>) ëÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ <SMALL>SELECT</SMALL> ÔÏÌØËÏ
+ <H3><A name="item4.1">4.1</A>) ëÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ <SMALL>SELECT</SMALL> ÔÏÌØËÏ
ÄÌÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ ÓÔÒÏÞÅË ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ? ðÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ?</H3>
<P>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÓÔÒÏË, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÉÈ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï
</PRE>
- <H3><A name="4.2">4.2</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ËÁËÉÅ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ, ÉÎÄÅËÓÙ,
+ <H3><A name="item4.2">4.2</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ËÁËÉÅ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ, ÉÎÄÅËÓÙ,
ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ? ëÁË ÍÎÅ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ <I>psql</I> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ?</H3>
ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÔÁÂÌÉÃ ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</P>
- <H3><A name="4.3">4.3</A>) ëÁË ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÔÉÐ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ËÏÌÏÎËÉ?</H3>
+ <H3><A name="item4.3">4.3</A>) ëÁË ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÔÉÐ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ËÏÌÏÎËÉ?</H3>
<P>÷ 8.0 É ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÚÄÎÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÔÉÐÁ ËÏÌÏÎËÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ
ÏÞÅÎØ ÌÅÇËÏ ÞÅÒÅÚ <SMALL>ALTER TABLE ALTER COLUMN TYPE</SMALL>.</P>
COMMIT;
</PRE>
- <H3><A name="4.4">4.4</A>) ëÁËÏ×Ù ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÙ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÒÏË × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ,
+ <H3><A name="item4.4">4.4</A>) ëÁËÏ×Ù ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÙ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÒÏË × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ,
ÔÁÂÌÉÃ É ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ?</H3>
<P>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ:</P>
Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÄÅËÓÁ ÉÚ ÈÜÛÁ MD5 ÄÌÉÎÎÏÊ ËÏÌÏÎËÉ, Á
ÐÏÌÎÏÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÅ ÉÎÄÅËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÉÓËÁÔØ ÓÌÏ×Á ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ËÏÌÏÎËÉ.</P>
- <H3><A name="4.5">4.5</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á × ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+ <H3><A name="item4.5">4.5</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á × ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÚ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ?</H3>
<P>óõâä PostgreSQL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÄÏ 5 ÒÁÚ
ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÃÅÌÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ É ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ. ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÄÌÉÎÁ ÔÅËÓÔÁ,
× ÓÒÅÄÎÅÍ, ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ 20 ÂÁÊÔ. òÁÚÍÅÒ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔ 2.8 MB.
òÁÚÍÅÒ ÂÁÚÙ PostgreSQL, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÊ ÜÔÉ ÖÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔ ÐÒÉÂÌÉÚÉÔÅÌØÎÏ
- 6.4 MB ÉÚ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ:</P>
+ 5.6 MB ÉÚ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ:</P>
<PRE>
28 ÂÁÊÔ: ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏË ÓÔÒÏËÉ × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ (ÐÒÉÂÌÉÚÉÔÅÌØÎÏ)
+ 24 ÂÁÊÔÁ: ÏÄÎÏ ÐÏÌÅ Ó ÃÅÌÏÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÍ ÔÉÐÏÍ É ÏÄÎÏ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÅ ÐÏÌÅ
ÚÁÎÉÍÁÀÔ ÏÞÅÎØ ÍÁÌÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ.
</P>
- <H3><A name="4.6">4.6</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÍÏÉ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÍÅÄÌÅÎÏ? ðÏÞÅÍÕ
+ <H3><A name="item4.6">4.6</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÍÏÉ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÍÅÄÌÅÎÏ? ðÏÞÅÍÕ
ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÍÏÉ ÉÎÄÅËÓÙ?</H3>
<P>éÎÄÅËÓÙ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ. ïÎÉ
ÓÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ËÏÊ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ, ÞÅÍ ÐÏÉÓË ÐÏ ÉÎÄÅËÓÁÍ × ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ.
ïÄÎÁËÏ, <SMALL>ORDER BY</SMALL> ÞÁÓÔÏ ËÏÍÂÉÎÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ Ó <SMALL>LIMIT</SMALL>
É × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÉÎÄÅËÓ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÐÒÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÉ
- ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ. æÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ MAX() É MIN() ÎÅ
- ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÉÎÄÅËÓÙ, ÎÏ ÉÎÄÅËÓ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÉ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× Ó
- <SMALL>ORDER BY</SMALL> É <SMALL>LIMIT</SMALL>:
-<PRE>
- SELECT col
- FROM tab
- ORDER BY col [ DESC ]
- LIMIT 1;
-</PRE>
+ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ.</P>
<P>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ËÁÖÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÏÐÔÉÍÉÚÁÔÏÒ ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÅÔ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ
ÐÅÒÅÂÏÒ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ <CODE>SET enable_seqscan TO 'off'</CODE> É
<LI>óÔÒÏËÁ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ ËÌÁÓÓÁ, Ô.Å. [a-e].</LI>
<LI>ðÏÉÓË ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÊ ÏÔ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁ, ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁË <small>ILIKE</small> É
<i>~*</i> ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÉÎÄÅËÓÙ. ÷ÍÅÓÔÏ ÎÅÇÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÉÎÄÅËÓÙ
- ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ÓÅËÃÉÉ <A href="#4.8">4.8</A>.</LI>
+ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ÓÅËÃÉÉ <A href="#item4.8">4.8</A>.</LI>
<LI>÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ <i>initdb</i> ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÌÏËÁÌØ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
<i>C</i>, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÕÚÎÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÎÁÉÂÏÌØÛÉÊ
ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ ÄÌÑ ÎÅ-C ÌÏËÁÌÉ. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÄÌÑ ÔÁËÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÊ
ÅÓÌÉ ÔÉÐÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÎÅ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÌÉ Ó ÉÎÄÅËÓÎÙÍÉ ÔÉÐÁÍÉ ËÏÌÏÎÏË. üÔÏ
ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ËÁÓÁÌÏÓØ int2, int8 É numeric ÉÎÄÅËÓÏ× ËÏÌÏÎÏË.</P>
- <H3><A name="4.7">4.7</A>) ëÁË ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ËÁË ÏÐÔÉÍÉÚÁÔÏÒ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ
+ <H3><A name="item4.7">4.7</A>) ëÁË ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ËÁË ÏÐÔÉÍÉÚÁÔÏÒ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ
ÍÏÊ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ?</H3>
<P>óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á ÐÏÓ×ÑÝÅÎÎÕÀ <SMALL>EXPLAIN</SMALL>.</P>
- <H3><A name="4.8">4.8</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÏÉÓË ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ
+ <H3><A name="item4.8">4.8</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÏÉÓË ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ
É ÐÏÉÓË ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÊ ÏÔ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁ ÂÕË× ÐÏÉÓË ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ?
ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÎÄÅËÓ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÔ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁ ÂÕË×?</H3>
ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏÍ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÅ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ
<SMALL>CHECK</SMALL> ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÔÒÉÇÇÅÒ.</P>
- <H3><A name="4.9">4.9</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌÑ ÒÁ×ÎÏ
+ <H3><A name="item4.9">4.9</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌÑ ÒÁ×ÎÏ
<SMALL>NULL</SMALL> × ËÁËÏÍ-ÌÉÂÏ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÅ? íÏÇÕ Ñ ÏÔÓÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÌÑ
<SMALL>NULL</SMALL> ÉÌÉ ÎÅÔ?</H3>
ORDER BY (col IS NOT NULL);
</PRE>
- <H3><A name="4.10">4.10</A>) ëÁËÏ×Ù ÏÔÌÉÞÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌØÎÙÍÉ
+ <H3><A name="item4.10">4.10</A>) ëÁËÏ×Ù ÏÔÌÉÞÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌØÎÙÍÉ
ÔÉÐÁÍÉ?</H3>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE>
ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ËÌÀÞÁÔØ <SMALL>NULL</SMALL> ÂÁÊÔÙ. ÷ÓÅ ÔÉÐÙ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ
ÚÄÅÓØ, ÉÍÅÀÔ ÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÉ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ.</P>
- <H3><A name="4.11.1">4.11.1</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÐÏÌÅ
+ <H3><A name="item4.11.1">4.11.1</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÐÏÌÅ
serial/Ó-Á×ÔÏ-Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÅÍ?</H3>
<P>PostgreSQL ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÉÐ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ <SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL>. ïÎ
óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ Ï ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÑÈ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
ÐÏÓ×ÑÝÅÎÎÏÊ <I>create_sequence</I>.
- <H3><A name="4.11.2">4.11.2</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÉ ×ÓÔÁ×ËÅ
+ <H3><A name="item4.11.2">4.11.2</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÉ ×ÓÔÁ×ËÅ
<SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL>?</H3>
<P>ïÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ × ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
<SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL> ÉÚ ÏÂßÅËÔÁ sequence Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ
<I>nextval()</I> <I>ÐÅÒÅÄ</I> ×ÓÔÁ×ËÏÊ É ÚÁÔÅÍ ×ÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
- Ñ×ÎÏ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ-ÐÒÉÍÅÒ × <A href="#4.11.1">4.11.1</A>, ÐÒÉÍÅÒ
+ Ñ×ÎÏ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ-ÐÒÉÍÅÒ × <A href="#item4.11.1">4.11.1</A>, ÐÒÉÍÅÒ
× ÐÓÅ×ÄÏÑÚÙËÅ ÐÏËÁÖÅÔ ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ:</P>
<PRE>
new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
</PRE>
- <H3><A name="4.11.3">4.11.3</A>) îÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÌÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØÓÑ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ
+ <H3><A name="item4.11.3">4.11.3</A>) îÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÌÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØÓÑ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <I>currval()</I> É <I>nextval()</I> ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÔ Ë
ÚÁÃÉËÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ?</H3>
<P>îÅÔ. <i>currval()</i> ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÔÅËÕÝÅÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ, ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÏÅ ×ÁÛÅÊ
ÓÅÓÓÉÅÊ, Á ÎÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÓÅÓÓÉÑÍÉ.</P>
- <H3><A name="4.11.4">4.11.4</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÞÉÓÌÁ ÉÚ ÍÏÅÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ
+ <H3><A name="item4.11.4">4.11.4</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÞÉÓÌÁ ÉÚ ÍÏÅÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ
ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÓÎÏ×Á ÐÒÉ ÏÔÍÅÎÅ ÔÒÁÎÚÁËÃÉÉ? ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÒÁÚÒÙ×Ù
ÐÒÉ ÎÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÉ × ËÏÌÏÎËÅ, ÇÄÅ Ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ/SERIAL?</H3>
ÎÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÉ ÐÒÉ ÏÔÍÅÎÅ ÔÒÁÎÚÁËÃÉÊ.</P>
- <H3><A name="4.12">4.12</A>) þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ <SMALL>OID</SMALL>? þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ
+ <H3><A name="item4.12">4.12</A>) þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ <SMALL>OID</SMALL>? þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ
<SMALL>CTID</SMALL>?</H3>
<P>ëÁÖÄÁÑ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÁÑ × PostgreSQL ÔÁÂÌÉÞÎÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÊ
ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ ÎÁ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.</P>
- <H3><A name="4.13">4.13</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ ÏÛÉÂËÕ <I>"ERROR: Memory
+ <H3><A name="item4.13">4.13</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ ÏÛÉÂËÕ <I>"ERROR: Memory
exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()"</I>?</H3>
<P>ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÔÅÌØÎÏ Õ ×ÁÓ ÚÁËÏÎÞÉÌÁÓØ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÁÑ ÐÁÍÑÔØ
ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ backend ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÏÂßÅÍ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ,
ÐÏÐÙÔÁÊÔÅÓØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÚÁÐÕÓËÏÍ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ.
- <H3><A name="4.14">4.14</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÕÚÎÁÔØ, ËÁËÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ PostgreSQL
+ <H3><A name="item4.14">4.14</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÕÚÎÁÔØ, ËÁËÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ PostgreSQL
ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ?</H3>
<P>éÚ <I>psql</I>, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ <CODE>SELECT version();</CODE></P>
- <H3><A name="4.15">4.15</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ËÏÌÏÎËÕ ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
+ <H3><A name="item4.15">4.15</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ËÏÌÏÎËÕ ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÔÅËÕÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ?</H3>
<P>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ <I>CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</I>:</P>
CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
</PRE>
- <H3><A name="4.16">4.16</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ×ÎÅÛÎÅÅ Ó×ÑÚÙ×ÁÎÉÅ?</H3>
+ <H3><A name="item4.16">4.16</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ×ÎÅÛÎÅÅ Ó×ÑÚÙ×ÁÎÉÅ?</H3>
<P>PostgreSQL ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÎÅÛÎÅÅ Ó×ÑÚÙ×ÁÎÉÅ,
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓ SQL. ÷ÏÔ Ä×Á ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ:</P>
<SMALL>RIGHT</SMALL> É <SMALL>FULL</SMALL> Ó×ÑÚÙ×ÁÎÉÑÈ. ïÂÙÞÎÙÅ
Ó×ÑÚÙ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ <SMALL>INNER</SMALL> Ó×ÑÚÙ×ÁÎÉÑ.</P>
- <H3><A name="4.17">4.17</A>) ëÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
+ <H3><A name="item4.17">4.17</A>) ëÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
ÂÁÚ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ?</H3>
<P>îÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ Ë ÂÁÚÁÍ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÏÔÌÉÞÎÙÍ ÏÔ ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ.
ÓÏÅÄÉÅÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÂÁÚÁÍÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ É ÔÁËÉÈ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÔØ
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ.</P>
- <H3><A name="4.18">4.18</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ ÉÚ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÔÒÏË ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ?</H3>
+ <H3><A name="item4.18">4.18</A>) ëÁË ÍÎÅ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ ÉÚ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÔÒÏË ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ?</H3>
<P>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÌÅÇËÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ, ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÀÝÉÅ ÓÐÉÓÏË,
<A href="http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions">
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions</A>.</P>
- <H3><A name="4.19">4.19</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ ÏÛÉÂËÕ "relation with OID ####
+ <H3><A name="item4.19">4.19</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ ÏÛÉÂËÕ "relation with OID ####
ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ", ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÀÔÓØ Ë ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁÍ × ÆÕÎËÃÉÑÈ PL/PgSQL?</H3>
<P>PL/PgSQL ËÜÛÉÒÕÅÔ ÓÃÅÎÁÒÉÉ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ É ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÎÅÇÁÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÜÆÆÅËÔÏ× ÜÔÏÇÏ
ÐÅÒÅÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ.</P>
- <H3><A name="4.20">4.20</a>) ëÁËÉÅ ÅÓÔØ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÒÅÐÌÉËÁÃÉÉ?</H3>
+ <H3><A name="item4.20">4.20</a>) ëÁËÉÅ ÅÓÔØ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÒÅÐÌÉËÁÃÉÉ?</H3>
<P>èÏÔÑ "ÒÅÐÌÉËÁÃÉÑ" -- ÜÔÏ ÅÄÉÎÙÊ ÔÅÒÍÉÎ, ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÊ
ÄÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÐÌÉËÁÃÉÊ Ó ÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ.</P>
ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÙÍ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ ÄÌÑ ÔÁËÏÊ ÒÅÐÌÉËÁÃÉÉ × PostgreSQL Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
<A href="http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pgcluster/">Pgcluster</A>.
- <H3><A name="4.21">4.21</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ É ËÏÌÏÎÏË ÎÅ
+ <H3><A name="item4.21">4.21</A>) ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ É ËÏÌÏÎÏË ÎÅ
ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÀÔÓÑ × × ÍÏ£Í ÚÁÐÒÏÓÅ?</H3>
<P>îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ä×ÏÊÎÙÈ ËÁ×ÙÞÅË ×
projects / postgresql / commitdiff