.. versionadded:: 3.2
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
- Added ``file`` parameter
+ Added *file* parameter.
.. function:: dis(x=None, *, file=None)
disassembled. If no object is provided, this function disassembles the last
traceback.
- The disassembly is written as text to the supplied ``file`` argument if
+ The disassembly is written as text to the supplied *file* argument if
provided and to ``sys.stdout`` otherwise.
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
- Added ``file`` parameter
+ Added *file* parameter.
.. function:: distb(tb=None, *, file=None)
traceback if none was passed. The instruction causing the exception is
indicated.
- The disassembly is written as text to the supplied ``file`` argument if
+ The disassembly is written as text to the supplied *file* argument if
provided and to ``sys.stdout`` otherwise.
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
- Added ``file`` parameter
+ Added *file* parameter.
.. function:: disassemble(code, lasti=-1, *, file=None)
The parameter interpretation recognizes local and global variable names,
constant values, branch targets, and compare operators.
- The disassembly is written as text to the supplied ``file`` argument if
+ The disassembly is written as text to the supplied *file* argument if
provided and to ``sys.stdout`` otherwise.
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
- Added ``file`` parameter
+ Added *file* parameter.
.. function:: get_instructions(x, *, first_line=None)
Implements the expression statement for the interactive mode. TOS is removed
from the stack and printed. In non-interactive mode, an expression statement is
- terminated with ``POP_STACK``.
+ terminated with :opcode:`POP_TOP`.
.. opcode:: BREAK_LOOP
.. opcode:: CONTINUE_LOOP (target)
Continues a loop due to a :keyword:`continue` statement. *target* is the
- address to jump to (which should be a ``FOR_ITER`` instruction).
+ address to jump to (which should be a :opcode:`FOR_ITER` instruction).
.. opcode:: SET_ADD (i)
Calls ``dict.setitem(TOS1[-i], TOS, TOS1)``. Used to implement dict
comprehensions.
-For all of the SET_ADD, LIST_APPEND and MAP_ADD instructions, while the
+For all of the :opcode:`SET_ADD`, :opcode:`LIST_APPEND` and :opcode:`MAP_ADD`
+instructions, while the
added value or key/value pair is popped off, the container object remains on
the stack so that it is available for further iterations of the loop.
.. opcode:: LOAD_BUILD_CLASS
Pushes :func:`builtins.__build_class__` onto the stack. It is later called
- by ``CALL_FUNCTION`` to construct a class.
+ by :opcode:`CALL_FUNCTION` to construct a class.
.. opcode:: SETUP_WITH (delta)
If the stack represents an exception, *and* the function call returns
a 'true' value, this information is "zapped" and replaced with a single
- ``WHY_SILENCED`` to prevent ``END_FINALLY`` from re-raising the exception.
+ ``WHY_SILENCED`` to prevent :opcode:`END_FINALLY` from re-raising the exception.
(But non-local gotos will still be resumed.)
.. XXX explain the WHY stuff!
.. opcode:: STORE_NAME (namei)
Implements ``name = TOS``. *namei* is the index of *name* in the attribute
- :attr:`co_names` of the code object. The compiler tries to use ``STORE_FAST``
- or ``STORE_GLOBAL`` if possible.
+ :attr:`co_names` of the code object. The compiler tries to use :opcode:`STORE_FAST`
+ or :opcode:`STORE_GLOBAL` if possible.
.. opcode:: DELETE_NAME (namei)
.. opcode:: STORE_GLOBAL (namei)
- Works as ``STORE_NAME``, but stores the name as a global.
+ Works as :opcode:`STORE_NAME`, but stores the name as a global.
.. opcode:: DELETE_GLOBAL (namei)
- Works as ``DELETE_NAME``, but deletes a global name.
+ Works as :opcode:`DELETE_NAME`, but deletes a global name.
.. opcode:: LOAD_CONST (consti)
.. opcode:: BUILD_LIST (count)
- Works as ``BUILD_TUPLE``, but creates a list.
+ Works as :opcode:`BUILD_TUPLE`, but creates a list.
.. opcode:: BUILD_SET (count)
- Works as ``BUILD_TUPLE``, but creates a set.
+ Works as :opcode:`BUILD_TUPLE`, but creates a set.
.. opcode:: BUILD_MAP (count)
Imports the module ``co_names[namei]``. TOS and TOS1 are popped and provide
the *fromlist* and *level* arguments of :func:`__import__`. The module
object is pushed onto the stack. The current namespace is not affected:
- for a proper import statement, a subsequent ``STORE_FAST`` instruction
+ for a proper import statement, a subsequent :opcode:`STORE_FAST` instruction
modifies the namespace.
Loads the attribute ``co_names[namei]`` from the module found in TOS. The
resulting object is pushed onto the stack, to be subsequently stored by a
- ``STORE_FAST`` instruction.
+ :opcode:`STORE_FAST` instruction.
.. opcode:: JUMP_FORWARD (delta)
.. opcode:: CALL_FUNCTION_VAR (argc)
- Calls a function. *argc* is interpreted as in ``CALL_FUNCTION``. The top element
+ Calls a function. *argc* is interpreted as in :opcode:`CALL_FUNCTION`. The top element
on the stack contains the variable argument list, followed by keyword and
positional arguments.
.. opcode:: CALL_FUNCTION_KW (argc)
- Calls a function. *argc* is interpreted as in ``CALL_FUNCTION``. The top element
+ Calls a function. *argc* is interpreted as in :opcode:`CALL_FUNCTION`. The top element
on the stack contains the keyword arguments dictionary, followed by explicit
keyword and positional arguments.
.. opcode:: CALL_FUNCTION_VAR_KW (argc)
- Calls a function. *argc* is interpreted as in ``CALL_FUNCTION``. The top
+ Calls a function. *argc* is interpreted as in :opcode:`CALL_FUNCTION`. The top
element on the stack contains the keyword arguments dictionary, followed by the
variable-arguments tuple, followed by explicit keyword and positional arguments.
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