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-<TITLE>Character entity references in HTML 4.0</TITLE>
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-
-<H1 align="center"><a name="h-24">24</a> <a name="entities">Character entity references in
- HTML 4.0</a></H1>
-<div class="subtoc"><p><strong>Contents</strong>
-<ol>
-<li><a class="tocxref" href="#h-24.1">Introduction to character entity references</a>
-<li><a class="tocxref" href="#h-24.2">Character entity references for ISO 8859-1 characters</a>
-<ol>
-<li><a class="tocxref" href="#h-24.2.1">The list of characters</a>
-</ol>
-<li><a class="tocxref" href="#h-24.3">Character entity references for symbols, mathematical symbols,
-and Greek letters</a>
-<ol>
-<li><a class="tocxref" href="#h-24.3.1">The list of characters</a>
-</ol>
-<li><a class="tocxref" href="#h-24.4">Character entity references for markup-significant
-and internationalization characters</a>
-<ol>
-<li><a class="tocxref" href="#h-24.4.1">The list of characters</a>
-</ol>
-</ol>
-</div>
-<h2><a name="h-24.1">24.1</a> Introduction to character entity references</h2>
-A <a href="../charset.html#entities">character entity reference</a> is an SGML
-construct that references a character of the <a
-href="../charset.html">document character set.</a>
-
-<P>This version of HTML supports several sets of character entity
-references:
-
-<ul>
-<li><a href="#iso-88591">ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) characters</a> In
-accordance with section 14 of <a rel="biblioentry"
-href="../references.html#ref-RFC1866" class="informref">[RFC1866]</a>, the set of
-Latin-1 entities has been extended by this specification to cover the
-whole right part of ISO-8859-1 (all code positions with the high-order
-bit set), including the already commonly used &nbsp;, &copy;
-and &reg;. The names of the entities are taken from the appendices
-of SGML (defined in <a rel="biblioentry"
-href="../references.html#ref-ISO8879" class="normref">[ISO8879]</a>).
-<li><a
-href="#sym">symbols, mathematical symbols, and Greek letters</a>. These
-characters may be represented by glyphs in the Adobe font "Symbol".
-<li><a href="#misc">markup-significant and internationalization
- characters</a> (e.g., for bidirectional text).
-</ul>
-
-<p>The following sections present the complete lists of character
-entity references. Although, by convention, <a rel="biblioentry"
-href="../references.html#ref-ISO10646" class="normref">[ISO10646]</a>
-the comments following each entry are usually written with uppercase
-letters, we have converted them to lowercase in this specification
-for reasons of readability.
-
-
-
-<h2><a name="h-24.2">24.2</a> <a name="iso-88591">Character entity references for ISO 8859-1 characters</a></h2>
-
-<p>The character entity references in this section produce characters whose
-numeric equivalents should already be supported by conforming HTML 2.0
-user agents. Thus, the character entity reference &divide; is a more
-convenient form than &#247; for obtaining the division sign
-(÷).
-
-<P>To support these named entities, user agents need only recognize the
-entity names and convert them to characters that lie within the
-repertoire of <a rel="biblioentry"
-href="../references.html#ref-ISO88591" class="normref">[ISO88591]</a>.
-
-
-
-
-
-<P>Character 65533 (FFFD hexadecimal) is the last valid character in
-UCS-2. 65534 (FFFE hexadecimal) is unassigned and reserved as the
-byte-swapped version of ZERO WIDTH NON-BREAKING SPACE for byte-order
-detection purposes. 65535 (FFFF hexadecimal) is unassigned.
-
-<h3><a name="h-24.2.1">24.2.1</a> The list of characters</h3>
-<div class="dtd-fragment">
-
-<pre>
-<!-- Portions © International Organization for Standardization 1986
- Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with
- conforming SGML systems and applications as defined in
- ISO 8879, provided this notice is included in all copies.
--->
-<!-- Character entity set. Typical invocation:
- <!ENTITY % HTMLlat1 PUBLIC
- "-//W3C//ENTITIES Latin 1//EN//HTML">
- %HTMLlat1;
--->
-
-<!ENTITY nbsp CDATA "&#160;" -- no-break space = non-breaking space,
- U+00A0 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY iexcl CDATA "&#161;" -- inverted exclamation mark, U+00A1 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY cent CDATA "&#162;" -- cent sign, U+00A2 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY pound CDATA "&#163;" -- pound sign, U+00A3 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY curren CDATA "&#164;" -- currency sign, U+00A4 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY yen CDATA "&#165;" -- yen sign = yuan sign, U+00A5 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY brvbar CDATA "&#166;" -- broken bar = broken vertical bar,
- U+00A6 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY sect CDATA "&#167;" -- section sign, U+00A7 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY uml CDATA "&#168;" -- diaeresis = spacing diaeresis,
- U+00A8 ISOdia -->
-<!ENTITY copy CDATA "&#169;" -- copyright sign, U+00A9 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY ordf CDATA "&#170;" -- feminine ordinal indicator, U+00AA ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY laquo CDATA "&#171;" -- left-pointing double angle quotation mark
- = left pointing guillemet, U+00AB ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY not CDATA "&#172;" -- not sign, U+00AC ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY shy CDATA "&#173;" -- soft hyphen = discretionary hyphen,
- U+00AD ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY reg CDATA "&#174;" -- registered sign = registered trade mark sign,
- U+00AE ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY macr CDATA "&#175;" -- macron = spacing macron = overline
- = APL overbar, U+00AF ISOdia -->
-<!ENTITY deg CDATA "&#176;" -- degree sign, U+00B0 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY plusmn CDATA "&#177;" -- plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign,
- U+00B1 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY sup2 CDATA "&#178;" -- superscript two = superscript digit two
- = squared, U+00B2 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY sup3 CDATA "&#179;" -- superscript three = superscript digit three
- = cubed, U+00B3 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY acute CDATA "&#180;" -- acute accent = spacing acute,
- U+00B4 ISOdia -->
-<!ENTITY micro CDATA "&#181;" -- micro sign, U+00B5 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY para CDATA "&#182;" -- pilcrow sign = paragraph sign,
- U+00B6 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY middot CDATA "&#183;" -- middle dot = Georgian comma
- = Greek middle dot, U+00B7 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY cedil CDATA "&#184;" -- cedilla = spacing cedilla, U+00B8 ISOdia -->
-<!ENTITY sup1 CDATA "&#185;" -- superscript one = superscript digit one,
- U+00B9 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY ordm CDATA "&#186;" -- masculine ordinal indicator,
- U+00BA ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY raquo CDATA "&#187;" -- right-pointing double angle quotation mark
- = right pointing guillemet, U+00BB ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY frac14 CDATA "&#188;" -- vulgar fraction one quarter
- = fraction one quarter, U+00BC ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY frac12 CDATA "&#189;" -- vulgar fraction one half
- = fraction one half, U+00BD ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY frac34 CDATA "&#190;" -- vulgar fraction three quarters
- = fraction three quarters, U+00BE ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY iquest CDATA "&#191;" -- inverted question mark
- = turned question mark, U+00BF ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY Agrave CDATA "&#192;" -- latin capital letter A with grave
- = latin capital letter A grave,
- U+00C0 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Aacute CDATA "&#193;" -- latin capital letter A with acute,
- U+00C1 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Acirc CDATA "&#194;" -- latin capital letter A with circumflex,
- U+00C2 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Atilde CDATA "&#195;" -- latin capital letter A with tilde,
- U+00C3 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Auml CDATA "&#196;" -- latin capital letter A with diaeresis,
- U+00C4 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Aring CDATA "&#197;" -- latin capital letter A with ring above
- = latin capital letter A ring,
- U+00C5 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY AElig CDATA "&#198;" -- latin capital letter AE
- = latin capital ligature AE,
- U+00C6 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Ccedil CDATA "&#199;" -- latin capital letter C with cedilla,
- U+00C7 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Egrave CDATA "&#200;" -- latin capital letter E with grave,
- U+00C8 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Eacute CDATA "&#201;" -- latin capital letter E with acute,
- U+00C9 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Ecirc CDATA "&#202;" -- latin capital letter E with circumflex,
- U+00CA ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Euml CDATA "&#203;" -- latin capital letter E with diaeresis,
- U+00CB ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Igrave CDATA "&#204;" -- latin capital letter I with grave,
- U+00CC ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Iacute CDATA "&#205;" -- latin capital letter I with acute,
- U+00CD ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Icirc CDATA "&#206;" -- latin capital letter I with circumflex,
- U+00CE ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Iuml CDATA "&#207;" -- latin capital letter I with diaeresis,
- U+00CF ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY ETH CDATA "&#208;" -- latin capital letter ETH, U+00D0 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Ntilde CDATA "&#209;" -- latin capital letter N with tilde,
- U+00D1 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Ograve CDATA "&#210;" -- latin capital letter O with grave,
- U+00D2 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Oacute CDATA "&#211;" -- latin capital letter O with acute,
- U+00D3 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Ocirc CDATA "&#212;" -- latin capital letter O with circumflex,
- U+00D4 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Otilde CDATA "&#213;" -- latin capital letter O with tilde,
- U+00D5 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Ouml CDATA "&#214;" -- latin capital letter O with diaeresis,
- U+00D6 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY times CDATA "&#215;" -- multiplication sign, U+00D7 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY Oslash CDATA "&#216;" -- latin capital letter O with stroke
- = latin capital letter O slash,
- U+00D8 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Ugrave CDATA "&#217;" -- latin capital letter U with grave,
- U+00D9 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Uacute CDATA "&#218;" -- latin capital letter U with acute,
- U+00DA ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Ucirc CDATA "&#219;" -- latin capital letter U with circumflex,
- U+00DB ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Uuml CDATA "&#220;" -- latin capital letter U with diaeresis,
- U+00DC ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY Yacute CDATA "&#221;" -- latin capital letter Y with acute,
- U+00DD ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY THORN CDATA "&#222;" -- latin capital letter THORN,
- U+00DE ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY szlig CDATA "&#223;" -- latin small letter sharp s = ess-zed,
- U+00DF ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY agrave CDATA "&#224;" -- latin small letter a with grave
- = latin small letter a grave,
- U+00E0 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY aacute CDATA "&#225;" -- latin small letter a with acute,
- U+00E1 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY acirc CDATA "&#226;" -- latin small letter a with circumflex,
- U+00E2 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY atilde CDATA "&#227;" -- latin small letter a with tilde,
- U+00E3 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY auml CDATA "&#228;" -- latin small letter a with diaeresis,
- U+00E4 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY aring CDATA "&#229;" -- latin small letter a with ring above
- = latin small letter a ring,
- U+00E5 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY aelig CDATA "&#230;" -- latin small letter ae
- = latin small ligature ae, U+00E6 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY ccedil CDATA "&#231;" -- latin small letter c with cedilla,
- U+00E7 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY egrave CDATA "&#232;" -- latin small letter e with grave,
- U+00E8 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY eacute CDATA "&#233;" -- latin small letter e with acute,
- U+00E9 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY ecirc CDATA "&#234;" -- latin small letter e with circumflex,
- U+00EA ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY euml CDATA "&#235;" -- latin small letter e with diaeresis,
- U+00EB ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY igrave CDATA "&#236;" -- latin small letter i with grave,
- U+00EC ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY iacute CDATA "&#237;" -- latin small letter i with acute,
- U+00ED ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY icirc CDATA "&#238;" -- latin small letter i with circumflex,
- U+00EE ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY iuml CDATA "&#239;" -- latin small letter i with diaeresis,
- U+00EF ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY eth CDATA "&#240;" -- latin small letter eth, U+00F0 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY ntilde CDATA "&#241;" -- latin small letter n with tilde,
- U+00F1 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY ograve CDATA "&#242;" -- latin small letter o with grave,
- U+00F2 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY oacute CDATA "&#243;" -- latin small letter o with acute,
- U+00F3 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY ocirc CDATA "&#244;" -- latin small letter o with circumflex,
- U+00F4 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY otilde CDATA "&#245;" -- latin small letter o with tilde,
- U+00F5 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY ouml CDATA "&#246;" -- latin small letter o with diaeresis,
- U+00F6 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY divide CDATA "&#247;" -- division sign, U+00F7 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY oslash CDATA "&#248;" -- latin small letter o with stroke,
- = latin small letter o slash,
- U+00F8 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY ugrave CDATA "&#249;" -- latin small letter u with grave,
- U+00F9 ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY uacute CDATA "&#250;" -- latin small letter u with acute,
- U+00FA ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY ucirc CDATA "&#251;" -- latin small letter u with circumflex,
- U+00FB ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY uuml CDATA "&#252;" -- latin small letter u with diaeresis,
- U+00FC ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY yacute CDATA "&#253;" -- latin small letter y with acute,
- U+00FD ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY thorn CDATA "&#254;" -- latin small letter thorn with,
- U+00FE ISOlat1 -->
-<!ENTITY yuml CDATA "&#255;" -- latin small letter y with diaeresis,
- U+00FF ISOlat1 -->
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<h2><a name="h-24.3">24.3</a> <a name="sym">Character entity references for symbols, mathematical symbols,
-and Greek letters</a></h2>
-
-<p>The character entity references in this section produce characters
-that may be represented by glyphs in the widely available Adobe Symbol
-font, including Greek characters, various bracketing symbols, and a
-selection of mathematical operators such as gradient, product, and
-summation symbols.
-
-<p>To support these entities, user agents may support full <a
-rel="biblioentry"
-href="../references.html#ref-ISO10646" class="normref">[ISO10646]</a> or use
-other means. Display of glyphs for these characters may be obtained by
-being able to display the relevant <a rel="biblioentry"
-href="../references.html#ref-ISO10646" class="normref">[ISO10646]</a> characters
-or by other means, such as internally mapping the listed entities,
-numeric character references, and characters to the appropriate
-position in some font that contains the requisite glyphs.
-
-<div class="note"><P>
-<em><strong>When to use Greek entities.</strong>
-This entity set contains all the letters used in
-modern Greek. However, it does not include Greek punctuation,
-precomposed accented characters nor the non-spacing accents (tonos,
-dialytika) required to compose them. There are no archaic letters,
-Coptic-unique letters, or precomposed letters for Polytonic Greek.
-The entities defined here are not intended for the
-representation of modern Greek text and would not be an efficient
-representation; rather, they are intended for occasional Greek letters
-used in technical and mathematical works.</em>
-</div>
-
-<h3><a name="h-24.3.1">24.3.1</a> The list of characters</h3>
-
-<div class="dtd-fragment">
-
-<pre>
-<!-- Mathematical, Greek and Symbolic characters for HTML -->
-
-<!-- Character entity set. Typical invocation:
- <!ENTITY % HTMLsymbol PUBLIC
- "-//W3C//ENTITIES Symbols//EN//HTML">
- %HTMLsymbol; -->
-
-<!-- Portions © International Organization for Standardization 1986:
- Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with
- conforming SGML systems and applications as defined in
- ISO 8879, provided this notice is included in all copies.
--->
-
-<!-- Relevant ISO entity set is given unless names are newly introduced.
- New names (i.e., not in ISO 8879 list) do not clash with any
- existing ISO 8879 entity names. ISO 10646 character numbers
- are given for each character, in hex. CDATA values are decimal
- conversions of the ISO 10646 values and refer to the document
- character set. Names are Unicode 2.0 names.
-
--->
-
-<!-- Latin Extended-B -->
-<!ENTITY fnof CDATA "&#402;" -- latin small f with hook = function
- = florin, U+0192 ISOtech -->
-
-<!-- Greek -->
-<!ENTITY Alpha CDATA "&#913;" -- greek capital letter alpha, U+0391 -->
-<!ENTITY Beta CDATA "&#914;" -- greek capital letter beta, U+0392 -->
-<!ENTITY Gamma CDATA "&#915;" -- greek capital letter gamma,
- U+0393 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY Delta CDATA "&#916;" -- greek capital letter delta,
- U+0394 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY Epsilon CDATA "&#917;" -- greek capital letter epsilon, U+0395 -->
-<!ENTITY Zeta CDATA "&#918;" -- greek capital letter zeta, U+0396 -->
-<!ENTITY Eta CDATA "&#919;" -- greek capital letter eta, U+0397 -->
-<!ENTITY Theta CDATA "&#920;" -- greek capital letter theta,
- U+0398 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY Iota CDATA "&#921;" -- greek capital letter iota, U+0399 -->
-<!ENTITY Kappa CDATA "&#922;" -- greek capital letter kappa, U+039A -->
-<!ENTITY Lambda CDATA "&#923;" -- greek capital letter lambda,
- U+039B ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY Mu CDATA "&#924;" -- greek capital letter mu, U+039C -->
-<!ENTITY Nu CDATA "&#925;" -- greek capital letter nu, U+039D -->
-<!ENTITY Xi CDATA "&#926;" -- greek capital letter xi, U+039E ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY Omicron CDATA "&#927;" -- greek capital letter omicron, U+039F -->
-<!ENTITY Pi CDATA "&#928;" -- greek capital letter pi, U+03A0 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY Rho CDATA "&#929;" -- greek capital letter rho, U+03A1 -->
-<!-- there is no Sigmaf, and no U+03A2 character either -->
-<!ENTITY Sigma CDATA "&#931;" -- greek capital letter sigma,
- U+03A3 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY Tau CDATA "&#932;" -- greek capital letter tau, U+03A4 -->
-<!ENTITY Upsilon CDATA "&#933;" -- greek capital letter upsilon,
- U+03A5 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY Phi CDATA "&#934;" -- greek capital letter phi,
- U+03A6 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY Chi CDATA "&#935;" -- greek capital letter chi, U+03A7 -->
-<!ENTITY Psi CDATA "&#936;" -- greek capital letter psi,
- U+03A8 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY Omega CDATA "&#937;" -- greek capital letter omega,
- U+03A9 ISOgrk3 -->
-
-<!ENTITY alpha CDATA "&#945;" -- greek small letter alpha,
- U+03B1 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY beta CDATA "&#946;" -- greek small letter beta, U+03B2 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY gamma CDATA "&#947;" -- greek small letter gamma,
- U+03B3 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY delta CDATA "&#948;" -- greek small letter delta,
- U+03B4 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY epsilon CDATA "&#949;" -- greek small letter epsilon,
- U+03B5 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY zeta CDATA "&#950;" -- greek small letter zeta, U+03B6 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY eta CDATA "&#951;" -- greek small letter eta, U+03B7 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY theta CDATA "&#952;" -- greek small letter theta,
- U+03B8 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY iota CDATA "&#953;" -- greek small letter iota, U+03B9 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY kappa CDATA "&#954;" -- greek small letter kappa,
- U+03BA ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY lambda CDATA "&#955;" -- greek small letter lambda,
- U+03BB ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY mu CDATA "&#956;" -- greek small letter mu, U+03BC ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY nu CDATA "&#957;" -- greek small letter nu, U+03BD ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY xi CDATA "&#958;" -- greek small letter xi, U+03BE ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY omicron CDATA "&#959;" -- greek small letter omicron, U+03BF NEW -->
-<!ENTITY pi CDATA "&#960;" -- greek small letter pi, U+03C0 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY rho CDATA "&#961;" -- greek small letter rho, U+03C1 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY sigmaf CDATA "&#962;" -- greek small letter final sigma,
- U+03C2 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY sigma CDATA "&#963;" -- greek small letter sigma,
- U+03C3 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY tau CDATA "&#964;" -- greek small letter tau, U+03C4 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY upsilon CDATA "&#965;" -- greek small letter upsilon,
- U+03C5 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY phi CDATA "&#966;" -- greek small letter phi, U+03C6 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY chi CDATA "&#967;" -- greek small letter chi, U+03C7 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY psi CDATA "&#968;" -- greek small letter psi, U+03C8 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY omega CDATA "&#969;" -- greek small letter omega,
- U+03C9 ISOgrk3 -->
-<!ENTITY thetasym CDATA "&#977;" -- greek small letter theta symbol,
- U+03D1 NEW -->
-<!ENTITY upsih CDATA "&#978;" -- greek upsilon with hook symbol,
- U+03D2 NEW -->
-<!ENTITY piv CDATA "&#982;" -- greek pi symbol, U+03D6 ISOgrk3 -->
-
-<!-- General Punctuation -->
-<!ENTITY bull CDATA "&#8226;" -- bullet = black small circle,
- U+2022 ISOpub -->
-<!-- bullet is NOT the same as bullet operator, U+2219 -->
-<!ENTITY hellip CDATA "&#8230;" -- horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader,
- U+2026 ISOpub -->
-<!ENTITY prime CDATA "&#8242;" -- prime = minutes = feet, U+2032 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY Prime CDATA "&#8243;" -- double prime = seconds = inches,
- U+2033 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY oline CDATA "&#8254;" -- overline = spacing overscore,
- U+203E NEW -->
-<!ENTITY frasl CDATA "&#8260;" -- fraction slash, U+2044 NEW -->
-
-<!-- Letterlike Symbols -->
-<!ENTITY weierp CDATA "&#8472;" -- script capital P = power set
- = Weierstrass p, U+2118 ISOamso -->
-<!ENTITY image CDATA "&#8465;" -- blackletter capital I = imaginary part,
- U+2111 ISOamso -->
-<!ENTITY real CDATA "&#8476;" -- blackletter capital R = real part symbol,
- U+211C ISOamso -->
-<!ENTITY trade CDATA "&#8482;" -- trade mark sign, U+2122 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY alefsym CDATA "&#8501;" -- alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal,
- U+2135 NEW -->
-<!-- alef symbol is NOT the same as hebrew letter alef,
- U+05D0 although the same glyph could be used to depict both characters -->
-
-<!-- Arrows -->
-<!ENTITY larr CDATA "&#8592;" -- leftwards arrow, U+2190 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY uarr CDATA "&#8593;" -- upwards arrow, U+2191 ISOnum-->
-<!ENTITY rarr CDATA "&#8594;" -- rightwards arrow, U+2192 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY darr CDATA "&#8595;" -- downwards arrow, U+2193 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY harr CDATA "&#8596;" -- left right arrow, U+2194 ISOamsa -->
-<!ENTITY crarr CDATA "&#8629;" -- downwards arrow with corner leftwards
- = carriage return, U+21B5 NEW -->
-<!ENTITY lArr CDATA "&#8656;" -- leftwards double arrow, U+21D0 ISOtech -->
-<!-- Unicode does not say that lArr is the same as the 'is implied by' arrow
- but also does not have any other character for that function. So ? lArr can
- be used for 'is implied by' as ISOtech suggests -->
-<!ENTITY uArr CDATA "&#8657;" -- upwards double arrow, U+21D1 ISOamsa -->
-<!ENTITY rArr CDATA "&#8658;" -- rightwards double arrow,
- U+21D2 ISOtech -->
-<!-- Unicode does not say this is the 'implies' character but does not have
- another character with this function so ?
- rArr can be used for 'implies' as ISOtech suggests -->
-<!ENTITY dArr CDATA "&#8659;" -- downwards double arrow, U+21D3 ISOamsa -->
-<!ENTITY hArr CDATA "&#8660;" -- left right double arrow,
- U+21D4 ISOamsa -->
-
-<!-- Mathematical Operators -->
-<!ENTITY forall CDATA "&#8704;" -- for all, U+2200 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY part CDATA "&#8706;" -- partial differential, U+2202 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY exist CDATA "&#8707;" -- there exists, U+2203 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY empty CDATA "&#8709;" -- empty set = null set = diameter,
- U+2205 ISOamso -->
-<!ENTITY nabla CDATA "&#8711;" -- nabla = backward difference,
- U+2207 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY isin CDATA "&#8712;" -- element of, U+2208 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY notin CDATA "&#8713;" -- not an element of, U+2209 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY ni CDATA "&#8715;" -- contains as member, U+220B ISOtech -->
-<!-- should there be a more memorable name than 'ni'? -->
-<!ENTITY prod CDATA "&#8719;" -- n-ary product = product sign,
- U+220F ISOamsb -->
-<!-- prod is NOT the same character as U+03A0 'greek capital letter pi' though
- the same glyph might be used for both -->
-<!ENTITY sum CDATA "&#8721;" -- n-ary sumation, U+2211 ISOamsb -->
-<!-- sum is NOT the same character as U+03A3 'greek capital letter sigma'
- though the same glyph might be used for both -->
-<!ENTITY minus CDATA "&#8722;" -- minus sign, U+2212 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY lowast CDATA "&#8727;" -- asterisk operator, U+2217 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY radic CDATA "&#8730;" -- square root = radical sign,
- U+221A ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY prop CDATA "&#8733;" -- proportional to, U+221D ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY infin CDATA "&#8734;" -- infinity, U+221E ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY ang CDATA "&#8736;" -- angle, U+2220 ISOamso -->
-<!ENTITY and CDATA "&#8743;" -- logical and = wedge, U+2227 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY or CDATA "&#8744;" -- logical or = vee, U+2228 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY cap CDATA "&#8745;" -- intersection = cap, U+2229 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY cup CDATA "&#8746;" -- union = cup, U+222A ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY int CDATA "&#8747;" -- integral, U+222B ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY there4 CDATA "&#8756;" -- therefore, U+2234 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY sim CDATA "&#8764;" -- tilde operator = varies with = similar to,
- U+223C ISOtech -->
-<!-- tilde operator is NOT the same character as the tilde, U+007E,
- although the same glyph might be used to represent both -->
-<!ENTITY cong CDATA "&#8773;" -- approximately equal to, U+2245 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY asymp CDATA "&#8776;" -- almost equal to = asymptotic to,
- U+2248 ISOamsr -->
-<!ENTITY ne CDATA "&#8800;" -- not equal to, U+2260 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY equiv CDATA "&#8801;" -- identical to, U+2261 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY le CDATA "&#8804;" -- less-than or equal to, U+2264 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY ge CDATA "&#8805;" -- greater-than or equal to,
- U+2265 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY sub CDATA "&#8834;" -- subset of, U+2282 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY sup CDATA "&#8835;" -- superset of, U+2283 ISOtech -->
-<!-- note that nsup, 'not a superset of, U+2283' is not covered by the Symbol
- font encoding and is not included. Should it be, for symmetry?
- It is in ISOamsn -->
-<!ENTITY nsub CDATA "&#8836;" -- not a subset of, U+2284 ISOamsn -->
-<!ENTITY sube CDATA "&#8838;" -- subset of or equal to, U+2286 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY supe CDATA "&#8839;" -- superset of or equal to,
- U+2287 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY oplus CDATA "&#8853;" -- circled plus = direct sum,
- U+2295 ISOamsb -->
-<!ENTITY otimes CDATA "&#8855;" -- circled times = vector product,
- U+2297 ISOamsb -->
-<!ENTITY perp CDATA "&#8869;" -- up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular,
- U+22A5 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY sdot CDATA "&#8901;" -- dot operator, U+22C5 ISOamsb -->
-<!-- dot operator is NOT the same character as U+00B7 middle dot -->
-
-<!-- Miscellaneous Technical -->
-<!ENTITY lceil CDATA "&#8968;" -- left ceiling = apl upstile,
- U+2308 ISOamsc -->
-<!ENTITY rceil CDATA "&#8969;" -- right ceiling, U+2309 ISOamsc -->
-<!ENTITY lfloor CDATA "&#8970;" -- left floor = apl downstile,
- U+230A ISOamsc -->
-<!ENTITY rfloor CDATA "&#8971;" -- right floor, U+230B ISOamsc -->
-<!ENTITY lang CDATA "&#9001;" -- left-pointing angle bracket = bra,
- U+2329 ISOtech -->
-<!-- lang is NOT the same character as U+003C 'less than'
- or U+2039 'single left-pointing angle quotation mark' -->
-<!ENTITY rang CDATA "&#9002;" -- right-pointing angle bracket = ket,
- U+232A ISOtech -->
-<!-- rang is NOT the same character as U+003E 'greater than'
- or U+203A 'single right-pointing angle quotation mark' -->
-
-<!-- Geometric Shapes -->
-<!ENTITY loz CDATA "&#9674;" -- lozenge, U+25CA ISOpub -->
-
-<!-- Miscellaneous Symbols -->
-<!ENTITY spades CDATA "&#9824;" -- black spade suit, U+2660 ISOpub -->
-<!-- black here seems to mean filled as opposed to hollow -->
-<!ENTITY clubs CDATA "&#9827;" -- black club suit = shamrock,
- U+2663 ISOpub -->
-<!ENTITY hearts CDATA "&#9829;" -- black heart suit = valentine,
- U+2665 ISOpub -->
-<!ENTITY diams CDATA "&#9830;" -- black diamond suit, U+2666 ISOpub -->
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-<h2><a name="h-24.4">24.4</a> <a name="misc">Character entity references for markup-significant
-and internationalization characters</a></h2>
-
-<p>The character entity references in this section are for escaping
-markup-significant characters (these are the same as those in HTML 2.0
-and 3.2), for denoting spaces and dashes. Other characters in this
-section apply to internationalization issues such as the
-disambiguation of bidirectional text (see the section on
-<a href="../struct/dirlang.html#bidirection">bidirectional
- text</a> for details).
-
-<p>Entities have also been added for the remaining characters occurring in
-CP-1252 which do not occur in the HTMLlat1 or HTMLsymbol entity sets.
-These all occur in the 128 to 159 range within the cp-1252 charset. These
-entities permit the characters to be denoted in a platform-independent
-manner.
-
-<p>To support these entities, user agents may support full <a
-rel="biblioentry"
-href="../references.html#ref-ISO10646" class="normref">[ISO10646]</a> or use
-other means. Display of glyphs for these characters may be obtained by
-being able to display the relevant <a rel="biblioentry"
-href="../references.html#ref-ISO10646" class="normref">[ISO10646]</a> characters
-or by other means, such as internally mapping the listed entities,
-numeric character references, and characters to the appropriate
-position in some font that contains the requisite glyphs.
-
-<h3><a name="h-24.4.1">24.4.1</a> The list of characters</h3>
-<div class="dtd-fragment">
-
-<pre>
-<!-- Special characters for HTML -->
-
-<!-- Character entity set. Typical invocation:
- <!ENTITY % HTMLspecial PUBLIC
- "-//W3C//ENTITIES Special//EN//HTML">
- %HTMLspecial; -->
-
-<!-- Portions © International Organization for Standardization 1986:
- Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with
- conforming SGML systems and applications as defined in
- ISO 8879, provided this notice is included in all copies.
--->
-
-<!-- Relevant ISO entity set is given unless names are newly introduced.
- New names (i.e., not in ISO 8879 list) do not clash with any
- existing ISO 8879 entity names. ISO 10646 character numbers
- are given for each character, in hex. CDATA values are decimal
- conversions of the ISO 10646 values and refer to the document
- character set. Names are Unicode 2.0 names.
-
--->
-
-<!-- C0 Controls and Basic Latin -->
-<!ENTITY quot CDATA "&#34;" -- quotation mark = APL quote,
- U+0022 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY amp CDATA "&#38;" -- ampersand, U+0026 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY lt CDATA "&#60;" -- less-than sign, U+003C ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY gt CDATA "&#62;" -- greater-than sign, U+003E ISOnum -->
-
-<!-- Latin Extended-A -->
-<!ENTITY OElig CDATA "&#338;" -- latin capital ligature OE,
- U+0152 ISOlat2 -->
-<!ENTITY oelig CDATA "&#339;" -- latin small ligature oe, U+0153 ISOlat2 -->
-<!-- ligature is a misnomer, this is a separate character in some languages -->
-<!ENTITY Scaron CDATA "&#352;" -- latin capital letter S with caron,
- U+0160 ISOlat2 -->
-<!ENTITY scaron CDATA "&#353;" -- latin small letter s with caron,
- U+0161 ISOlat2 -->
-<!ENTITY Yuml CDATA "&#376;" -- latin capital letter Y with diaeresis,
- U+0178 ISOlat2 -->
-
-<!-- Spacing Modifier Letters -->
-<!ENTITY circ CDATA "&#710;" -- modifier letter circumflex accent,
- U+02C6 ISOpub -->
-<!ENTITY tilde CDATA "&#732;" -- small tilde, U+02DC ISOdia -->
-
-<!-- General Punctuation -->
-<!ENTITY ensp CDATA "&#8194;" -- en space, U+2002 ISOpub -->
-<!ENTITY emsp CDATA "&#8195;" -- em space, U+2003 ISOpub -->
-<!ENTITY thinsp CDATA "&#8201;" -- thin space, U+2009 ISOpub -->
-<!ENTITY zwnj CDATA "&#8204;" -- zero width non-joiner,
- U+200C NEW RFC 2070 -->
-<!ENTITY zwj CDATA "&#8205;" -- zero width joiner, U+200D NEW RFC 2070 -->
-<!ENTITY lrm CDATA "&#8206;" -- left-to-right mark, U+200E NEW RFC 2070 -->
-<!ENTITY rlm CDATA "&#8207;" -- right-to-left mark, U+200F NEW RFC 2070 -->
-<!ENTITY ndash CDATA "&#8211;" -- en dash, U+2013 ISOpub -->
-<!ENTITY mdash CDATA "&#8212;" -- em dash, U+2014 ISOpub -->
-<!ENTITY lsquo CDATA "&#8216;" -- left single quotation mark,
- U+2018 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY rsquo CDATA "&#8217;" -- right single quotation mark,
- U+2019 ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY sbquo CDATA "&#8218;" -- single low-9 quotation mark, U+201A NEW -->
-<!ENTITY ldquo CDATA "&#8220;" -- left double quotation mark,
- U+201C ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY rdquo CDATA "&#8221;" -- right double quotation mark,
- U+201D ISOnum -->
-<!ENTITY bdquo CDATA "&#8222;" -- double low-9 quotation mark, U+201E NEW -->
-<!ENTITY dagger CDATA "&#8224;" -- dagger, U+2020 ISOpub -->
-<!ENTITY Dagger CDATA "&#8225;" -- double dagger, U+2021 ISOpub -->
-<!ENTITY permil CDATA "&#8240;" -- per mille sign, U+2030 ISOtech -->
-<!ENTITY lsaquo CDATA "&#8249;" -- single left-pointing angle quotation mark,
- U+2039 ISO proposed -->
-<!-- lsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized -->
-<!ENTITY rsaquo CDATA "&#8250;" -- single right-pointing angle quotation mark,
- U+203A ISO proposed -->
-<!-- rsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized -->
-<!ENTITY euro CDATA "&#8364;" -- euro sign, U+20AC NEW -->
-</pre>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="navbar" align="center">
-<hr><a href="framesetdtd.html">previous</a> <a href="../appendix/changes.html">next</a> <a href="../cover.html#toc">contents</a> <a href="../index/elements.html">elements</a> <a href="../index/attributes.html">attributes</a> <a href="../index/list.html">index</a>
-</div>
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-</html>
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