opening URLs (mostly HTTP) in a complex world --- basic and digest
authentication, redirections, cookies and more.
-.. warning:: When opening HTTPS (or FTPS) URLs, it is not attempted to
- validate the server certificate. Use at your own risk!
-
The :mod:`urllib.request` module defines the following functions:
Open the URL *url*, which can be either a string or a
:class:`Request` object.
+ .. warning::
+ HTTPS requests do not do any verification of the server's certificate.
+
*data* may be a string specifying additional data to send to the
server, or ``None`` if no such data is needed. Currently HTTP
requests are the only ones that use *data*; the HTTP request will
The optional *timeout* parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for
blocking operations like the connection attempt (if not specified,
the global default timeout setting will be used). This actually
- only works for HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS connections.
+ only works for HTTP, HTTPS and FTP connections.
This function returns a file-like object with two additional methods from
the :mod:`urllib.response` module
optional *timeout* parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for blocking
operations like the connection attempt (if not specified, the global default
timeout setting will be used). The timeout feature actually works only for
- HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS connections).
+ HTTP, HTTPS and FTP connections).
.. method:: OpenerDirector.error(proto, *args)