.ds EM \ \fB\-\-\ \fR
\# - these two are for chuckles, makes great grammar
.ds Me top
-.ds ME \fBtop\fR
+.ds NE \fBtop\fR
\# - other misc strings for consistent usage/emphasis
.ds F \fIOff\fR
.ds O \fIOn\fR
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-\*(ME \-\fBhv\fR | \-\fBbcHisS\fR \-\fBd\fI delay\fR \-\fBn\fI
+\*(NE \-\fBhv\fR | \-\fBbcHisS\fR \-\fBd\fI delay\fR \-\fBn\fI
iterations\fR \-\fBp\fI pid\fR [,\fI pid\fR ...]
The traditional switches '-' and whitespace are optional.
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH DESCRIPTION
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-The \*(ME program provides a dynamic real-time view of a running system.
+The \*(NE program provides a dynamic real-time view of a running system.
It can display\fB system\fR summary information as well as a list of\fB
tasks\fR currently being managed by the Linux kernel.
The types of system summary information shown and the types, order and
The program provides a limited interactive interface for process
manipulation as well as a much more extensive interface for personal
configuration \*(EM encompassing every aspect of its operation.
-And while \*(ME is referred to throughout this document, you are free
+And while \*(NE is referred to throughout this document, you are free
to name the program anything you wish.
That new name, possibly an alias, will then be reflected on \*(Me's display
and used when reading and writing a \*(CF.
'I' - Irix mode On\ \ (no, 'solaris' smp)
* 'p' - PID monitoring Off
* 's' - Secure mode Off (unsecured)
- 'B' - Bold disable Off
+ 'B' - Bold enable Off
\fISummary_Area_defaults\fR
'l' - Load Avg/Uptime On\ \ (thus program name)
't' - Task/Cpu states On\ \ (1+1 lines, see '1')
o:\fB VIRT\fR \*(EM Virtual Image (kb)
The total amount of \*(MV used by the task.
It includes all code, data and shared libraries plus pages that have been
-swapped out.
-
-VIRT = SWAP + RES.
+swapped out and pages that have been mapped but not used.
.TP 3
p:\fB SWAP\fR \*(EM Swapped size (kb)
-The swapped out portion of a task's total \*(MV image.
+Memory that is not resident but is present in a task. This is memory that
+has been swapped out but could include additional non-resident memory.
+This column is calculated by subtracting \*(MP from \*(MV.
.TP 3
q:\fB RES\fR \*(EM Resident size (kb)
The non-swapped \*(MP a task has used.
-RES = CODE + DATA.
-
.TP 3
r:\fB CODE\fR \*(EM Code size (kb)
-The amount of \*(MP devoted to executable code, also known as
+The amount of \*(MV devoted to executable code, also known as
the 'text resident set' size or TRS.
.TP 3
s:\fB DATA\fR \*(EM Data+Stack size (kb)
-The amount of \*(MP devoted to other than executable code, also known as
+The amount of \*(MV devoted to other than executable code, also known as
the 'data resident set' size or DRS.
.TP 3
The number of\fB major\fR page faults that have occurred for a task.
A page fault occurs when a process attempts to read from or write to a virtual
page that is not currently present in its address space.
-A major page fault is when disk access is involved in making that
-page available.
+A major page fault is when backing storage access (such as a disk) is involved
+in making that page available.
.TP 3
v:\fB nDRT\fR \*(EM Dirty Pages count
.\" ......................................................................
.SS 2b. SELECTING and ORDERING Columns
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-After pressing the \*(CIs 'f' (Fields select) or \'o' (Order fields) you will
+After pressing the \*(CIs 'f' (Fields select) or 'o' (Order fields) you will
be shown a screen containing the current \fBfields string\fR followed by names
and descriptions for all fields.
upper case\fR letter and to the\fB right\fR with the\fB lower case\fR
letter.
+.\" ......................................................................
+.SS 2c. CPU States
+.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+The CPU states are shown in the Summary Area. They are always shown as a
+percentage and are for the time between now and the last refresh.
+
+.TP 3
+\fB us\fR \*(EM User CPU time
+The time the CPU has spent running users' processes that are not
+niced.
+
+.TP 3
+\fB sy\fR \*(EM System CPU time
+The time the CPU has spent running the kernel and its processes.
+
+.TP 3
+\fB ni\fR \*(EM Nice CPU time
+The time the CPU has spent running users' proccess that have been
+niced.
+
+.TP 3
+\fB wa\fR \*(EM iowait
+Amount of time the CPU has been waiting for I/O to complete.
+
+.TP 3
+\fB hi\fR \*(EM Hardware IRQ
+The amount of time the CPU has been servicing hardware interrupts.
+
+.TP 3
+\fB si\fR \*(EM Software Interrupts
+The amount of time the CPU has been servicing software interrupts.
+
+.TP 3
+\fB st\fR \*(EM Steal Time
+The amount of CPU 'stolen' from this virtual machine by the hypervisor
+for other tasks (such as running another virtual machine).
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH 3. INTERACTIVE Commands
simply ask for help and view the system summary on the second line.
.TP 7
-\ \ \<\fBEnter\fR> or <\fBSpace\fR> :\fIRefresh_Display\fR
+\ \ <\fBEnter\fR> or <\fBSpace\fR> :\fIRefresh_Display\fR
These commands do nothing, they are simply ignored.
However, they will awaken \*(Me and following receipt of any input
the entire display will be repainted.
see current status,
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fB?\fR\' or \'\fBh\fR\' :\fIHelp\fR
+\ \ <\fB?\fR> or <\fBh\fR> :\fIHelp\fR
There are two help levels available.
The first will provide a reminder of all the basic \*(CIs.
If \*(Me is\fI secured\fR, that screen will be abbreviated.
applicable to \*(AM.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fB=\fR\' :\fIExit_Task_Limits\fR
+\ \ <\fB=\fR> :\fIExit_Task_Limits\fR
Removes restrictions on which tasks are shown.
This command will reverse any 'i' (idle tasks) and 'n' (max tasks) commands
that might be active.
When operating in \*(AM this command has a slightly broader meaning.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBA\fR\' :\fIAlternate_Display_Mode_toggle\fR
+\ \ <\fBA\fR> :\fIAlternate_Display_Mode_toggle\fR
This command will switch between \*(FM and \*(AM.
-\*(XT 4. ALTERNATE\-DISPLAY Mode and the 'G' \*(CI for insight into
-\*(CWs and field groups.
+\*(XT 4. ALTERNATE\-DISPLAY Mode and the 'G' \*(CI for insight
+into \*(CWs and field groups.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBB\fR\' :\fIBold_Disable/Enable_toggle\fR
+\ \ <\fBB\fR> :\fIBold_Disable/Enable_toggle\fR
This command will influence use of the 'bold' terminfo capability and
alters\fB both\fR the \*(SA and \*(TA for the \*(CW.
While it is intended primarily for use with dumb terminals, it can be
there will be no visual confirmation that they are even on.
.TP 7
-*\ \'\fBd\fR\' or \'\fBs\fR\' :\fIChange_Delay_Time_interval\fR
+*\ <\fBd\fR> or <\fBs\fR> :\fIChange_Delay_Time_interval\fR
You will be prompted to enter the delay time, in seconds, between
display updates.
and view the system summary on the second line.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBG\fR\' :\fIChoose_Another_Window/Field_Group\fR
+\ \ <\fBG\fR> :\fIChoose_Another_Window/Field_Group\fR
You will be prompted to enter a number between 1 and 4 designating the
window/field group which should be made the \*(CW.
You will soon grow comfortable with these 4 windows, especially after
experimenting with \*(AM.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBI\fR\' :\fIIrix/Solaris_Mode_toggle\fR
+\ \ <\fBI\fR> :\fIIrix/Solaris_Mode_toggle\fR
When operating in 'Solaris mode' ('I' toggled \*F), a task's \*(Pu usage
will be divided by the total number of \*(PUs.
After issuing this command, you'll be informed of the new state of this toggle.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBu\fR\' :\fIselect a user\fR
+\ \ <\fBu\fR> :\fIselect a user\fR
You will be prompted for a UID or username. Only processes
belonging to the selected user will be displayed. This option
matches on the effective UID.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBU\fR\' :\fIselect a user\fR
+\ \ <\fBU\fR> :\fIselect a user\fR
You will be prompted for a UID or username. Only processes
belonging to the selected user will be displayed. This option
matches on the real, effective, saved, and filesystem UID.
.TP 7
-*\ \'\fBk\fR\' :\fIKill_a_task\fR
+*\ <\fBk\fR> :\fIKill_a_task\fR
You will be prompted for a PID and then the signal to send.
The default signal, as reflected in the prompt, is SIGTERM.
However, you can send any signal, via number or name.
2) at the signal prompt, type 0
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBq\fR\' :\fIQuit\fR
+\ \ <\fBq\fR> :\fIQuit\fR
.TP 7
-*\ \'\fBr\fR\' :\fIRenice_a_Task\fR
+*\ <\fBr\fR> :\fIRenice_a_Task\fR
You will be prompted for a PID and then the value to nice it to.
Entering a positive value will cause a process to lose priority.
Conversely, a negative value will cause a process to be viewed more
favorably by the kernel.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBW\fR\' :\fIWrite_the_Configuration_File\fR
+\ \ <\fBW\fR> :\fIWrite_the_Configuration_File\fR
This will save all of your options and toggles plus the current
display mode and delay time.
By issuing this command just before quitting \*(Me, you will be able restart
later in exactly that same state.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBZ\fR\' :\fIChange_Color_Mapping
+\ \ <\fBZ\fR> :\fIChange_Color_Mapping
This key will take you to a separate screen where you can change the
colors for the \*(CW, or for all windows.
For details regarding this \*(CI \*(Xt 3d. COLOR Mapping.
of messages and prompts.
These commands always impact just the \*(CW/field group.
-\*(XT 4. ALTERNATE\-DISPLAY Mode and the 'G' \*(CI for insight into
-\*(CWs and field groups.
+\*(XT 4. ALTERNATE\-DISPLAY Mode and the 'G' \*(CI for insight
+into \*(CWs and field groups.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBl\fR\' :\fIToggle_Load_Average/Uptime\fR \*(EM On/Off
+\ \ <\fBl\fR> :\fIToggle_Load_Average/Uptime\fR \*(EM On/Off
This is also the line containing the program name (possibly an alias) when
operating in \*(FM or the \*(CW name when operating in \*(AM.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBm\fR\' :\fIToggle_Memory/Swap_Usage\fR \*(EM On/Off
+\ \ <\fBm\fR> :\fIToggle_Memory/Swap_Usage\fR \*(EM On/Off
This command affects two \*(SA lines.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBt\fR\' :\fIToggle_Task/Cpu_States\fR \*(EM On/Off
+\ \ <\fBt\fR> :\fIToggle_Task/Cpu_States\fR \*(EM On/Off
This command affects from 2 to many \*(SA lines, depending on the state
of the '1' toggle and whether or not \*(Me is running under true SMP.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fB1\fR\' :\fIToggle_Single/Separate_Cpu_States\fR \*(EM On/Off
+\ \ <\fB1\fR> :\fIToggle_Single/Separate_Cpu_States\fR \*(EM On/Off
This command affects how the 't' command's Cpu States portion is shown.
Although this toggle exists primarily to serve massively-parallel SMP machines,
it is not restricted to solely SMP environments.
.in
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBb\fR\' :\fIBold/Reverse_toggle\fR
+\ \ <\fBb\fR> :\fIBold/Reverse_toggle\fR
This command will impact how the 'x' and 'y' toggles are displayed.
Further, it will only be available when at least one of those toggles is \*O.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBx\fR\' :\fIColumn_Highlight_toggle\fR
+\ \ <\fBx\fR> :\fIColumn_Highlight_toggle\fR
Changes highlighting for the current sort field.
You probably don't need a constant visual reminder of the sort field and
\*(Me hopes that you always run with 'column highlight' \*F, due to the cost
visual reminder.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBy\fR\' :\fIRow_Highlight_toggle\fR
+\ \ <\fBy\fR> :\fIRow_Highlight_toggle\fR
Changes highlighting for "running" tasks.
For additional insight into this task state, \*(Xt 2a. DESCRIPTIONS of Fields,
Process Status.
The only costs will be a few additional tty escape sequences.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBz\fR\' :\fIColor/Monochrome_toggle\fR
+\ \ <\fBz\fR> :\fIColor/Monochrome_toggle\fR
Switches the \*(CW between your last used color scheme and the older form
of black-on-white or white-on-black.
This command will alter\fB both\fR the \*(SA and \*(TA but does not affect the
.B CONTENT\fR of \*(TW
.PD 0
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBc\fR\' :\fICommand_Line/Program_Name_toggle\fR
+\ \ <\fBc\fR> :\fICommand_Line/Program_Name_toggle\fR
This command will be honored whether or not the 'Command' column
is currently visible.
Later, should that field come into view, the change you applied will be seen.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBf\fR\' and \'\fBo\fR\' :\fIFields_select\fR or \fIOrder_fields\fR
+\ \ <\fBf\fR> and <\fBo\fR> :\fIFields_select\fR or \fIOrder_fields\fR
These keys display separate screens where you can change which
fields are displayed and their order.
For additional information on these \*(CIs
\*(Xt 2b. SELECTING and ORDERING Columns.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBH\fR\' :\fIThreads_toggle\fR
+\ \ <\fBS\fR> :\fICumulative_Time_Mode_toggle\fR
When this toggle is \*O, all individual threads will be displayed. Otherwise, \*(Me displays a summation of all threads in a process.
.TP 7
effect, simply ask for help and view the window summary on the second line.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBu\fR\' :\fIShow_Specific_User_Only\fR
+\ \ <\fBu\fR> :\fIShow_Specific_User_Only\fR
You will be prompted to enter the name of the user to display.
Thereafter, in that \*(TW only matching User ID's will be shown, or possibly
no tasks will be shown.
.B SIZE\fR of \*(TW
.PD 0
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBi\fR\' :\fIIdle_Processes_toggle\fR
+\ \ <\fBi\fR> :\fIIdle_Processes_toggle\fR
Displays all tasks or just active tasks.
When this toggle is \*F, idled or zombied processes will not be displayed.
affect the window's size, as all prior \*(TDs will have already been painted.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBn\fR\' or \'#\' :\fISet_Maximum_Tasks\fR
+\ \ <\fBn\fR> or <\fB#\fR> :\fISet_Maximum_Tasks\fR
You will be prompted to enter the number of tasks to display.
The lessor of your number and available screen rows will be used.
.in
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fB<\fR\' :\fIMove_Sort_Field_Left\fR
+\ \ <\fB<\fR> :\fIMove_Sort_Field_Left\fR
Moves the sort column to the left unless the current sort field is
the first field being displayed.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fB>\fR\' :\fIMove_Sort_Field_Right\fR
+\ \ <\fB>\fR> :\fIMove_Sort_Field_Right\fR
Moves the sort column to the right unless the current sort field is
the last field being displayed.
.in
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBF\fR\' or \'\fBO\fR\' :\fISelect_Sort_Field\fR
+\ \ <\fBF\fR> or <\fBO\fR> :\fISelect_Sort_Field\fR
These keys display a separate screen where you can change which field
is used as the sort column.
when running \*(Me with column highlighting turned \*F.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBR\fR\' :\fIReverse/Normal_Sort_Field_toggle\fR
+\ \ <\fBR\fR> :\fIReverse/Normal_Sort_Field_toggle\fR
Using this \*(CI you can alternate between high-to-low and low-to-high sorts.
.PP
.\" ......................................................................
.SS 4b. COMMANDS for Windows
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fB-\fR\' and \'\fB_\fR\' :\fIShow/Hide_Window(s)_toggles\fR
+\ \ <\fB-\fR> and <\fB_\fR> :\fIShow/Hide_Window(s)_toggles\fR
The '-' key turns the \*(CW's \*(TD \*O and \*F.
When \*O, that \*(TA will show a minimum of the columns header you've
established with the 'f' and 'o' commands.
as the only display element.
.TP 7
-*\ \'\fB=\fR\' and \'\fB+\fR\' :\fIEqualize_(re-balance)_Window(s)\fR
+*\ <\fB=\fR> and <\fB+\fR> :\fIEqualize_(re-balance)_Window(s)\fR
The '=' key forces the \*(CW's \*(TD to be visible.
It also reverses any 'i' (idle tasks) and 'n' (max tasks) commands that might
be active.
except for the 'i' (idle tasks) and 'n' (max tasks) commands.
.TP 7
-*\ \'\fBA\fR\' :\fIAlternate_Display_Mode_toggle\fR
+*\ <\fBA\fR> :\fIAlternate_Display_Mode_toggle\fR
This command will switch between \*(FM and \*(AM.
The first time you issue this command, all four \*(TDs will be shown.
chosen to make visible.
.TP 7
-*\ \'\fBa\fR\' and \'\fBw\fR\' :\fINext_Window_Forward/Backward\fR
+*\ <\fBa\fR> and <\fBw\fR> :\fINext_Window_Forward/Backward\fR
This will change the \*(CW, which in turn changes the window to which
commands are directed.
These keys act in a circular fashion so you can reach any desired \*(CW
the \*(TD is \*F and many commands will be restricted.
.TP 7
-*\ \'\fBG\fR\' :\fIChoose_Another_Window/Field_Group\fR
+*\ <\fBG\fR> :\fIChoose_Another_Window/Field_Group\fR
You will be prompted to enter a number between 1 and 4 designating the
window/field group which should be made the \*(CW.
commands.
.TP 7
-\ \ \'\fBg\fR\' :\fIChange_Window/Field_Group_Name\fR
+\ \ <\fBg\fR> :\fIChange_Window/Field_Group_Name\fR
You will be prompted for a new name to be applied to the \*(CW.
It does not require that the window name be visible
(the 'l' toggle to be \*O).
.IP "*" 3
The \*(CIs shown with an \*(AS have use beyond \*(AM.
- \'=', 'A', 'G' are always available
- \'a', 'w' act the same when color mapping
+ '=', 'A', 'G' are always available
+ 'a', 'w' act the same when color mapping
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------