This is a new feature, but Barry authorized adding it in the beta period.
Unix command :program:`cp -p`.
-.. function:: copytree(src, dst[, symlinks])
+.. function:: ignore_patterns(\*patterns)
+
+ This factory function creates a function that can be used as a callable for
+ :func:`copytree`\'s *ignore* argument, ignoring files and directories that
+ match one the glob-style *patterns* provided. See the example below.
+
+ .. versionadded:: 2.6
- Recursively copy an entire directory tree rooted at *src*. The destination
- directory, named by *dst*, must not already exist; it will be created as well as
- missing parent directories. Permissions and times of directories are copied with
- :func:`copystat`, individual files are copied using :func:`copy2`. If
- *symlinks* is true, symbolic links in the source tree are represented as
- symbolic links in the new tree; if false or omitted, the contents of the linked
- files are copied to the new tree. If exception(s) occur, an :exc:`Error` is
- raised with a list of reasons.
- The source code for this should be considered an example rather than a tool.
+.. function:: copytree(src, dst[, symlinks=False[, ignore=None]])
+
+ Recursively copy an entire directory tree rooted at *src*. The destination
+ directory, named by *dst*, must not already exist; it will be created as well
+ as missing parent directories. Permissions and times of directories are
+ copied with :func:`copystat`, individual files are copied using
+ :func:`copy2`.
+
+ If *symlinks* is true, symbolic links in the source tree are represented as
+ symbolic links in the new tree; if false or omitted, the contents of the
+ linked files are copied to the new tree.
+
+ If *ignore* is given, it must be a callable that will receive as its
+ arguments the directory being visited by :func:`copytree`, and a list of its
+ contents, as returned by :func:`os.listdir`. Since :func:`copytree` is
+ called recursively, the *ignore* callable will be called once for each
+ directory that is copied. The callable must return a sequence of directory
+ and file names relative to the current directory (i.e. a subset of the items
+ in its second argument); these names will then be ignored in the copy
+ process. :func:`ignore_patterns` can be used to create such a callable that
+ ignores names based on glob-style patterns.
+
+ If exception(s) occur, an :exc:`Error` is raised with a list of reasons.
+
+ The source code for this should be considered an example rather than the
+ ultimate tool.
.. versionchanged:: 2.3
:exc:`Error` is raised if any exceptions occur during copying, rather than
Create intermediate directories needed to create *dst*, rather than raising an
error. Copy permissions and times of directories using :func:`copystat`.
+ .. versionchanged:: 2.6
+ Added the *ignore* argument to be able to influence what is being copied.
+
.. function:: rmtree(path[, ignore_errors[, onerror]])
above, with the docstring omitted. It demonstrates many of the other functions
provided by this module. ::
- def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False):
+ def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None):
names = os.listdir(src)
+ if ignore is not None:
+ ignored_names = ignore(src, names)
+ else:
+ ignored_names = set()
+
os.makedirs(dst)
errors = []
for name in names:
+ if name in ignored_names:
+ continue
srcname = os.path.join(src, name)
dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)
try:
linkto = os.readlink(srcname)
os.symlink(linkto, dstname)
elif os.path.isdir(srcname):
- copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks)
+ copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore)
else:
copy2(srcname, dstname)
# XXX What about devices, sockets etc.?
errors.extend((src, dst, str(why)))
if errors:
raise Error, errors
+
+Another example that uses the :func:`ignore_patterns` helper::
+
+ from shutil import copytree, ignore_patterns
+
+ copytree(source, destination, ignore=ignore_patterns('*.pyc', 'tmp*'))
+
+This will copy everything except ``.pyc`` files and files or directories whose
+name starts with ``tmp``.
+
+Another example that uses the *ignore* argument to add a logging call::
+
+ from shutil import copytree
+ import logging
+
+ def _logpath(path, names):
+ logging.info('Working in %s' % path)
+ return [] # nothing will be ignored
+
+ copytree(source, destination, ignore=_logpath)
+
import sys
import stat
from os.path import abspath
+import fnmatch
__all__ = ["copyfileobj","copyfile","copymode","copystat","copy","copy2",
"copytree","move","rmtree","Error"]
copyfile(src, dst)
copystat(src, dst)
+def ignore_patterns(*patterns):
+ """Function that can be used as copytree() ignore parameter.
-def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False):
+ Patterns is a sequence of glob-style patterns
+ that are used to exclude files"""
+ def _ignore_patterns(path, names):
+ ignored_names = []
+ for pattern in patterns:
+ ignored_names.extend(fnmatch.filter(names, pattern))
+ return set(ignored_names)
+ return _ignore_patterns
+
+def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None):
"""Recursively copy a directory tree using copy2().
The destination directory must not already exist.
it is false, the contents of the files pointed to by symbolic
links are copied.
+ The optional ignore argument is a callable. If given, it
+ is called with the `src` parameter, which is the directory
+ being visited by copytree(), and `names` which is the list of
+ `src` contents, as returned by os.listdir():
+
+ callable(src, names) -> ignored_names
+
+ Since copytree() is called recursively, the callable will be
+ called once for each directory that is copied. It returns a
+ list of names relative to the `src` directory that should
+ not be copied.
+
XXX Consider this example code rather than the ultimate tool.
"""
names = os.listdir(src)
+ if ignore is not None:
+ ignored_names = ignore(src, names)
+ else:
+ ignored_names = set()
+
os.makedirs(dst)
errors = []
for name in names:
+ if name in ignored_names:
+ continue
srcname = os.path.join(src, name)
dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)
try:
linkto = os.readlink(srcname)
os.symlink(linkto, dstname)
elif os.path.isdir(srcname):
- copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks)
+ copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore)
else:
copy2(srcname, dstname)
# XXX What about devices, sockets etc.?
if os.path.exists(path):
shutil.rmtree(path)
+ def test_copytree_with_exclude(self):
+
+ def write_data(path, data):
+ f = open(path, "w")
+ f.write(data)
+ f.close()
+
+ def read_data(path):
+ f = open(path)
+ data = f.read()
+ f.close()
+ return data
+
+ # creating data
+ join = os.path.join
+ exists = os.path.exists
+ src_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+ dst_dir = join(tempfile.mkdtemp(), 'destination')
+ write_data(join(src_dir, 'test.txt'), '123')
+ write_data(join(src_dir, 'test.tmp'), '123')
+ os.mkdir(join(src_dir, 'test_dir'))
+ write_data(join(src_dir, 'test_dir', 'test.txt'), '456')
+ os.mkdir(join(src_dir, 'test_dir2'))
+ write_data(join(src_dir, 'test_dir2', 'test.txt'), '456')
+ os.mkdir(join(src_dir, 'test_dir2', 'subdir'))
+ os.mkdir(join(src_dir, 'test_dir2', 'subdir2'))
+ write_data(join(src_dir, 'test_dir2', 'subdir', 'test.txt'), '456')
+ write_data(join(src_dir, 'test_dir2', 'subdir2', 'test.py'), '456')
+
+
+ # testing glob-like patterns
+ try:
+ patterns = shutil.ignore_patterns('*.tmp', 'test_dir2')
+ shutil.copytree(src_dir, dst_dir, ignore=patterns)
+ # checking the result: some elements should not be copied
+ self.assert_(exists(join(dst_dir, 'test.txt')))
+ self.assert_(not exists(join(dst_dir, 'test.tmp')))
+ self.assert_(not exists(join(dst_dir, 'test_dir2')))
+ finally:
+ if os.path.exists(dst_dir):
+ shutil.rmtree(dst_dir)
+ try:
+ patterns = shutil.ignore_patterns('*.tmp', 'subdir*')
+ shutil.copytree(src_dir, dst_dir, ignore=patterns)
+ # checking the result: some elements should not be copied
+ self.assert_(not exists(join(dst_dir, 'test.tmp')))
+ self.assert_(not exists(join(dst_dir, 'test_dir2', 'subdir2')))
+ self.assert_(not exists(join(dst_dir, 'test_dir2', 'subdir')))
+ finally:
+ if os.path.exists(dst_dir):
+ shutil.rmtree(dst_dir)
+
+ # testing callable-style
+ try:
+ def _filter(src, names):
+ res = []
+ for name in names:
+ path = os.path.join(src, name)
+
+ if (os.path.isdir(path) and
+ path.split()[-1] == 'subdir'):
+ res.append(name)
+ elif os.path.splitext(path)[-1] in ('.py'):
+ res.append(name)
+ return res
+
+ shutil.copytree(src_dir, dst_dir, ignore=_filter)
+
+ # checking the result: some elements should not be copied
+ self.assert_(not exists(join(dst_dir, 'test_dir2', 'subdir2',
+ 'test.py')))
+ self.assert_(not exists(join(dst_dir, 'test_dir2', 'subdir')))
+
+ finally:
+ if os.path.exists(dst_dir):
+ shutil.rmtree(dst_dir)
if hasattr(os, "symlink"):
def test_dont_copy_file_onto_link_to_itself(self):
would not cause a syntax error. This was regression from 2.4 caused by the
switch to the new compiler.
-
Library
-------
+- Issue #2663: add filtering capability to shutil.copytree().
+
- Issue #1622: Correct interpretation of various ZIP header fields.
- Issue #1526: Allow more than 64k files to be added to Zip64 file.
urllib module in Python 3.0 to urllib.request, urllib.parse, and
urllib.error.
-
Build
-----
projects / python / commitdiff