* an integer representing the number of an existing OS-level file descriptor
to which the resulting :class:`FileIO` object will give access.
- The *mode* can be ``'r'``, ``'w'`` or ``'a'`` for reading (default), writing,
- or appending. The file will be created if it doesn't exist when opened for
- writing or appending; it will be truncated when opened for writing. Add a
- ``'+'`` to the mode to allow simultaneous reading and writing.
+ The *mode* can be ``'r'``, ``'w'``, ``'x'`` or ``'a'`` for reading
+ (default), writing, creating or appending. The file will be created if it
+ doesn't exist when opened for writing or appending; it will be truncated
+ when opened for writing. :exc:`FileExistsError` will be raised if it already
+ exists when opened for creating. Opening a file for creating implies
+ writing, so this mode behaves in a similar way to ``'w'``. Add a ``'+'`` to
+ the mode to allow simultaneous reading and writing.
The :meth:`read` (when called with a positive argument), :meth:`readinto`
and :meth:`write` methods on this class will only make one system call.
.. versionchanged:: 3.3
The *opener* parameter was added.
+ The ``'x'`` mode was added.
In addition to the attributes and methods from :class:`IOBase` and
:class:`RawIOBase`, :class:`FileIO` provides the following data
the built-in :func:`open` function.
When specified, the *mode* argument must start with one of the letters
- ``'r'``, ``'w'``, or ``'a'``, otherwise a :exc:`ValueError` is raised.
+ ``'r'``, ``'w'``, ``'x'`` or ``'a'``, otherwise a :exc:`ValueError` is
+ raised.
On Unix, when the *mode* argument starts with ``'a'``, the *O_APPEND* flag is
set on the file descriptor (which the :c:func:`fdopen` implementation already
Availability: Unix, Windows.
+ .. versionchanged:: 3.3
+ The ``'x'`` mode was added.
.. _os-fd-ops:
(Contributed by Sijin Joseph in :issue:`8808`)
+io
+--
+
+The :func:`~io.open` function has a new ``'x'`` mode that can be used to create
+a new file, and raise a :exc:`FileExistsError` if the file already exists.
+
+(Contributed by David Townshend in :issue:`12760`)
+
+
lzma
----
wrapped. (If a file descriptor is given, it is closed when the
returned I/O object is closed, unless closefd is set to False.)
- mode is an optional string that specifies the mode in which the file
- is opened. It defaults to 'r' which means open for reading in text
- mode. Other common values are 'w' for writing (truncating the file if
- it already exists), and 'a' for appending (which on some Unix systems,
- means that all writes append to the end of the file regardless of the
- current seek position). In text mode, if encoding is not specified the
- encoding used is platform dependent. (For reading and writing raw
- bytes use binary mode and leave encoding unspecified.) The available
- modes are:
+ mode is an optional string that specifies the mode in which the file is
+ opened. It defaults to 'r' which means open for reading in text mode. Other
+ common values are 'w' for writing (truncating the file if it already
+ exists), 'x' for creating and writing to a new file, and 'a' for appending
+ (which on some Unix systems, means that all writes append to the end of the
+ file regardless of the current seek position). In text mode, if encoding is
+ not specified the encoding used is platform dependent. (For reading and
+ writing raw bytes use binary mode and leave encoding unspecified.) The
+ available modes are:
========= ===============================================================
Character Meaning
--------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
'r' open for reading (default)
'w' open for writing, truncating the file first
+ 'x' create a new file and open it for writing
'a' open for writing, appending to the end of the file if it exists
'b' binary mode
't' text mode (default)
The default mode is 'rt' (open for reading text). For binary random
access, the mode 'w+b' opens and truncates the file to 0 bytes, while
- 'r+b' opens the file without truncation.
+ 'r+b' opens the file without truncation. The 'x' mode implies 'w' and
+ raises an `FileExistsError` if the file already exists.
Python distinguishes between files opened in binary and text modes,
even when the underlying operating system doesn't. Files opened in
if errors is not None and not isinstance(errors, str):
raise TypeError("invalid errors: %r" % errors)
modes = set(mode)
- if modes - set("arwb+tU") or len(mode) > len(modes):
+ if modes - set("axrwb+tU") or len(mode) > len(modes):
raise ValueError("invalid mode: %r" % mode)
+ creating = "x" in modes
reading = "r" in modes
writing = "w" in modes
appending = "a" in modes
text = "t" in modes
binary = "b" in modes
if "U" in modes:
- if writing or appending:
+ if creating or writing or appending:
raise ValueError("can't use U and writing mode at once")
reading = True
if text and binary:
raise ValueError("can't have text and binary mode at once")
- if reading + writing + appending > 1:
+ if creating + reading + writing + appending > 1:
raise ValueError("can't have read/write/append mode at once")
- if not (reading or writing or appending):
+ if not (creating or reading or writing or appending):
raise ValueError("must have exactly one of read/write/append mode")
if binary and encoding is not None:
raise ValueError("binary mode doesn't take an encoding argument")
if binary and newline is not None:
raise ValueError("binary mode doesn't take a newline argument")
raw = FileIO(file,
+ (creating and "x" or "") +
(reading and "r" or "") +
(writing and "w" or "") +
(appending and "a" or "") +
raise ValueError("can't have unbuffered text I/O")
if updating:
buffer = BufferedRandom(raw, buffering)
- elif writing or appending:
+ elif creating or writing or appending:
buffer = BufferedWriter(raw, buffering)
elif reading:
buffer = BufferedReader(raw, buffering)
self.assertTrue(wf.closed)
self.assertTrue(rf.closed)
+ def test_create_fail(self):
+ # 'x' mode fails if file is existing
+ with self.open(support.TESTFN, 'w'):
+ pass
+ self.assertRaises(FileExistsError, self.open, support.TESTFN, 'x')
+
+ def test_create_writes(self):
+ # 'x' mode opens for writing
+ with self.open(support.TESTFN, 'xb') as f:
+ f.write(b"spam")
+ with self.open(support.TESTFN, 'rb') as f:
+ self.assertEqual(b"spam", f.read())
+
class CMiscIOTest(MiscIOTest):
io = io
Matias Torchinsky
Sandro Tosi
Richard Townsend
+David Townshend
Laurence Tratt
Matthias Troffaes
John Tromp
Core and Builtins
-----------------
+- Issue #12760: Add a create mode to open(). Patch by David Townshend.
+
- Issue #13738: Simplify implementation of bytes.lower() and bytes.upper().
- Issue #13577: Built-in methods and functions now have a __qualname__.
"mode is an optional string that specifies the mode in which the file\n"
"is opened. It defaults to 'r' which means open for reading in text\n"
"mode. Other common values are 'w' for writing (truncating the file if\n"
-"it already exists), and 'a' for appending (which on some Unix systems,\n"
-"means that all writes append to the end of the file regardless of the\n"
-"current seek position). In text mode, if encoding is not specified the\n"
-"encoding used is platform dependent. (For reading and writing raw\n"
-"bytes use binary mode and leave encoding unspecified.) The available\n"
-"modes are:\n"
+"it already exists), 'x' for creating and writing to a new file, and\n"
+"'a' for appending (which on some Unix systems, means that all writes\n"
+"append to the end of the file regardless of the current seek position).\n"
+"In text mode, if encoding is not specified the encoding used is platform\n"
+"dependent. (For reading and writing raw bytes use binary mode and leave\n"
+"encoding unspecified.) The available modes are:\n"
"\n"
"========= ===============================================================\n"
"Character Meaning\n"
"--------- ---------------------------------------------------------------\n"
"'r' open for reading (default)\n"
"'w' open for writing, truncating the file first\n"
+"'x' create a new file and open it for writing\n"
"'a' open for writing, appending to the end of the file if it exists\n"
"'b' binary mode\n"
"'t' text mode (default)\n"
"\n"
"The default mode is 'rt' (open for reading text). For binary random\n"
"access, the mode 'w+b' opens and truncates the file to 0 bytes, while\n"
-"'r+b' opens the file without truncation.\n"
+"'r+b' opens the file without truncation. The 'x' mode implies 'w' and\n"
+"raises an `FileExistsError` if the file already exists.\n"
"\n"
"Python distinguishes between files opened in binary and text modes,\n"
"even when the underlying operating system doesn't. Files opened in\n"
char *encoding = NULL, *errors = NULL, *newline = NULL;
unsigned i;
- int reading = 0, writing = 0, appending = 0, updating = 0;
+ int creating = 0, reading = 0, writing = 0, appending = 0, updating = 0;
int text = 0, binary = 0, universal = 0;
char rawmode[5], *m;
char c = mode[i];
switch (c) {
+ case 'x':
+ creating = 1;
+ break;
case 'r':
reading = 1;
break;
}
m = rawmode;
+ if (creating) *(m++) = 'x';
if (reading) *(m++) = 'r';
if (writing) *(m++) = 'w';
if (appending) *(m++) = 'a';
return NULL;
}
- if (reading + writing + appending > 1) {
+ if (creating + reading + writing + appending > 1) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
- "must have exactly one of read/write/append mode");
+ "must have exactly one of create/read/write/append mode");
return NULL;
}
if (updating)
Buffered_class = (PyObject *)&PyBufferedRandom_Type;
- else if (writing || appending)
+ else if (creating || writing || appending)
Buffered_class = (PyObject *)&PyBufferedWriter_Type;
else if (reading)
Buffered_class = (PyObject *)&PyBufferedReader_Type;
typedef struct {
PyObject_HEAD
int fd;
+ unsigned int created : 1;
unsigned int readable : 1;
unsigned int writable : 1;
signed int seekable : 2; /* -1 means unknown */
self = (fileio *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
if (self != NULL) {
self->fd = -1;
+ self->created = 0;
self->readable = 0;
self->writable = 0;
self->seekable = -1;
s = mode;
while (*s) {
switch (*s++) {
- case 'r':
+ case 'x':
if (rwa) {
bad_mode:
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
- "Must have exactly one of read/write/append "
+ "Must have exactly one of create/read/write/append "
"mode and at most one plus");
goto error;
}
rwa = 1;
+ self->created = 1;
+ self->writable = 1;
+ flags |= O_EXCL | O_CREAT;
+ break;
+ case 'r':
+ if (rwa)
+ goto bad_mode;
+ rwa = 1;
self->readable = 1;
break;
case 'w':
static char *
mode_string(fileio *self)
{
+ if (self->created) {
+ if (self->readable)
+ return "xb+";
+ else
+ return "xb";
+ }
if (self->readable) {
if (self->writable)
return "rb+";
PyDoc_STRVAR(fileio_doc,
"file(name: str[, mode: str][, opener: None]) -> file IO object\n"
"\n"
-"Open a file. The mode can be 'r', 'w' or 'a' for reading (default),\n"
-"writing or appending. The file will be created if it doesn't exist\n"
-"when opened for writing or appending; it will be truncated when\n"
-"opened for writing. Add a '+' to the mode to allow simultaneous\n"
-"reading and writing. A custom opener can be used by passing a\n"
-"callable as *opener*. The underlying file descriptor for the file\n"
+"Open a file. The mode can be 'r', 'w', 'x' or 'a' for reading (default),\n"
+"writing, creating or appending. The file will be created if it doesn't\n"
+"exist when opened for writing or appending; it will be truncated when\n"
+"opened for writing. A `FileExistsError` will be raised if it already\n"
+"exists when opened for creating. Opening a file for creating implies\n"
+"writing so this mode behaves in a similar way to 'w'.Add a '+' to the mode\n"
+"to allow simultaneous reading and writing. A custom opener can be used by\n"
+"passing a callable as *opener*. The underlying file descriptor for the file\n"
"object is then obtained by calling opener with (*name*, *flags*).\n"
-"*opener* must return an open file descriptor (passing os.open as\n"
-"*opener* results in functionality similar to passing None).");
+"*opener* must return an open file descriptor (passing os.open as *opener*\n"
+"results in functionality similar to passing None).");
PyDoc_STRVAR(read_doc,
"read(size: int) -> bytes. read at most size bytes, returned as bytes.\n"
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