<productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. It enables you to type in
queries interactively, issue them to
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname>, and see the query results.
- Alternatively, input can be from a file. In addition, it provides a
- number of meta-commands and various shell-like features to
- facilitate writing scripts and automating a wide variety of tasks.
+ Alternatively, input can be from a file or from command line
+ arguments. In addition, it provides a number of meta-commands and various
+ shell-like features to facilitate writing scripts and automating a wide
+ variety of tasks.
</para>
</refsect1>
<term><option>--command=<replaceable class="parameter">command</replaceable></></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- Specifies that <application>psql</application> is to execute one
- command string, <replaceable class="parameter">command</replaceable>,
- and then exit. This is useful in shell scripts. Start-up files
- (<filename>psqlrc</filename> and <filename>~/.psqlrc</filename>) are
- ignored with this option.
+ Specifies that <application>psql</application> is to execute the given
+ command string, <replaceable class="parameter">command</replaceable>.
+ This option can be repeated and combined in any order with
+ the <option>-f</option> option.
</para>
<para>
<replaceable class="parameter">command</replaceable> must be either
or a single backslash command. Thus you cannot mix
<acronym>SQL</acronym> and <application>psql</application>
meta-commands with this option. To achieve that, you could
- pipe the string into <application>psql</application>, for example:
+ use repeated <option>-c</option> options or pipe the string
+ into <application>psql</application>, for example:
+ <literal>psql -c '\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;'</literal> or
<literal>echo '\x \\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql</literal>.
(<literal>\\</> is the separator meta-command.)
</para>
<para>
- If the command string contains multiple SQL commands, they are
- processed in a single transaction, unless there are explicit
- <command>BEGIN</>/<command>COMMIT</> commands included in the
- string to divide it into multiple transactions. This is
- different from the behavior when the same string is fed to
- <application>psql</application>'s standard input. Also, only
- the result of the last SQL command is returned.
+ Each command string passed to <option>-c</option> is sent to the server
+ as a single query. Because of this, the server executes it as a single
+ transaction, even if a command string contains
+ multiple <acronym>SQL</acronym> commands, unless there are
+ explicit <command>BEGIN</>/<command>COMMIT</> commands included in the
+ string to divide it into multiple transactions. Also, the server only
+ returns the result of the last <acronym>SQL</acronym> command to the
+ client. This is different from the behavior when the same string with
+ multiple <acronym>SQL</acronym> commands is fed
+ to <application>psql</application>'s standard input because
+ then <application>psql</application> sends each <acronym>SQL</acronym>
+ command separately.
</para>
<para>
- Because of these legacy behaviors, putting more than one command in
- the <option>-c</option> string often has unexpected results. It's
- better to feed multiple commands to <application>psql</application>'s
- standard input, either using <application>echo</application> as
- illustrated above, or via a shell here-document, for example:
+ Putting more than one command in the <option>-c</option> string often
+ has unexpected results. This is a result of the fact that the whole
+ string is sent to the server as a single query.
+ It's better to use repeated <option>-c</option> commands or feed
+ multiple commands to <application>psql</application>'s standard input,
+ either using <application>echo</application> as illustrated above, or
+ via a shell here-document, for example:
<programlisting>
psql <<EOF
\x
<para>
Use the file <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable>
as the source of commands instead of reading commands interactively.
- After the file is processed, <application>psql</application>
- terminates. This is in many ways equivalent to the meta-command
- <command>\i</command>.
+ This option can be repeated and combined in any order with
+ the <option>-c</option> option. After the commands in
+ every <option>-c</option> command string and <option>-f</option> file
+ are processed, <application>psql</application> terminates. This option
+ is in many ways equivalent to the meta-command <command>\i</command>.
</para>
<para>
<term><option>--single-transaction</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- When <application>psql</application> executes a script, adding
- this option wraps <command>BEGIN</>/<command>COMMIT</> around the
- script to execute it as a single transaction. This ensures that
- either all the commands complete successfully, or no changes are
- applied.
+ When <application>psql</application> executes commands from a script
+ and/or a <option>-c</option> option, adding this option
+ wraps <command>BEGIN</>/<command>COMMIT</> around all of those
+ commands as a whole to execute them as a single transaction. This
+ ensures that either all the commands complete successfully, or no
+ changes are applied.
</para>
<para>
- If the script itself uses <command>BEGIN</>, <command>COMMIT</>,
+ If the commands themselves
+ contain <command>BEGIN</>, <command>COMMIT</>,
or <command>ROLLBACK</>, this option will not have the desired
- effects.
- Also, if the script contains any command that cannot be executed
- inside a transaction block, specifying this option will cause that
- command (and hence the whole transaction) to fail.
+ effects. Also, if an individual command cannot be executed inside a
+ transaction block, specifying this option will cause the whole
+ transaction to fail.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<term><filename>psqlrc</filename> and <filename>~/.psqlrc</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- Unless it is passed an <option>-X</option> or <option>-c</option> option,
+ Unless it is passed an <option>-X</option> option,
<application>psql</application> attempts to read and execute commands
from the system-wide startup file (<filename>psqlrc</filename>) and then
the user's personal startup file (<filename>~/.psqlrc</filename>), after
</para>
</listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Before <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 9.6, <option>-c</option>
+ implied <option>-X</option>; this is no longer the case.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</refsect1>
*/
enum _actions
{
- ACT_NOTHING = 0,
- ACT_SINGLE_SLASH,
- ACT_LIST_DB,
ACT_SINGLE_QUERY,
+ ACT_SINGLE_SLASH,
ACT_FILE
};
+typedef struct SimpleActionListCell
+{
+ struct SimpleActionListCell *next;
+ int action;
+ char *val;
+} SimpleActionListCell;
+
+typedef struct SimpleActionList
+{
+ SimpleActionListCell *head;
+ SimpleActionListCell *tail;
+} SimpleActionList;
+
struct adhoc_opts
{
char *dbname;
char *port;
char *username;
char *logfilename;
- enum _actions action;
- char *action_string;
bool no_readline;
bool no_psqlrc;
bool single_txn;
+ bool list_dbs;
+ SimpleActionList actions;
};
static void parse_psql_options(int argc, char *argv[],
static void process_psqlrc(char *argv0);
static void process_psqlrc_file(char *filename);
static void showVersion(void);
+static void simple_action_list_append(SimpleActionList *list,
+ int action, const char *val);
static void EstablishVariableSpace(void);
#define NOPAGER 0
SetVariable(pset.vars, "PROMPT2", DEFAULT_PROMPT2);
SetVariable(pset.vars, "PROMPT3", DEFAULT_PROMPT3);
+ options.actions.head = NULL;
+ options.actions.tail = NULL;
+
parse_psql_options(argc, argv, &options);
/*
* as if the user had specified "-f -". This lets single-transaction mode
* work in this case.
*/
- if (options.action == ACT_NOTHING && pset.notty)
- {
- options.action = ACT_FILE;
- options.action_string = NULL;
- }
+ if (options.actions.head == NULL && pset.notty)
+ simple_action_list_append(&options.actions, ACT_FILE, NULL);
/* Bail out if -1 was specified but will be ignored. */
- if (options.single_txn && options.action != ACT_FILE && options.action == ACT_NOTHING)
+ if (options.single_txn && options.actions.head == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, _("%s: -1 can only be used in non-interactive mode\n"), pset.progname);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
keywords[3] = "password";
values[3] = password;
keywords[4] = "dbname";
- values[4] = (options.action == ACT_LIST_DB &&
- options.dbname == NULL) ?
+ values[4] = (options.list_dbs && options.dbname == NULL) ?
"postgres" : options.dbname;
keywords[5] = "fallback_application_name";
values[5] = pset.progname;
SyncVariables();
- if (options.action == ACT_LIST_DB)
+ if (options.list_dbs)
{
int success;
pset.progname, options.logfilename, strerror(errno));
}
- /*
- * Now find something to do
- */
+ if (!options.no_psqlrc)
+ process_psqlrc(argv[0]);
/*
- * process file given by -f
+ * If any actions were given by caller, process them in the order in
+ * which they were specified.
*/
- if (options.action == ACT_FILE)
+ if (options.actions.head != NULL)
{
- if (!options.no_psqlrc)
- process_psqlrc(argv[0]);
+ PGresult *res;
+ SimpleActionListCell *cell;
- successResult = process_file(options.action_string, options.single_txn, false);
- }
+ successResult = EXIT_SUCCESS; /* silence compiler */
- /*
- * process slash command if one was given to -c
- */
- else if (options.action == ACT_SINGLE_SLASH)
- {
- PsqlScanState scan_state;
-
- if (pset.echo == PSQL_ECHO_ALL)
- puts(options.action_string);
-
- scan_state = psql_scan_create();
- psql_scan_setup(scan_state,
- options.action_string,
- strlen(options.action_string));
-
- successResult = HandleSlashCmds(scan_state, NULL) != PSQL_CMD_ERROR
- ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
+ if (options.single_txn)
+ {
+ if ((res = PSQLexec("BEGIN")) == NULL)
+ {
+ if (pset.on_error_stop)
+ {
+ successResult = EXIT_USER;
+ goto error;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ PQclear(res);
+ }
- psql_scan_destroy(scan_state);
- }
+ for (cell = options.actions.head; cell; cell = cell->next)
+ {
+ if (cell->action == ACT_SINGLE_QUERY)
+ {
+ if (pset.echo == PSQL_ECHO_ALL)
+ puts(cell->val);
+
+ successResult = SendQuery(cell->val)
+ ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
+ }
+ else if (cell->action == ACT_SINGLE_SLASH)
+ {
+ PsqlScanState scan_state;
+
+ if (pset.echo == PSQL_ECHO_ALL)
+ puts(cell->val);
+
+ scan_state = psql_scan_create();
+ psql_scan_setup(scan_state,
+ cell->val,
+ strlen(cell->val));
+
+ successResult = HandleSlashCmds(scan_state, NULL) != PSQL_CMD_ERROR
+ ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
+
+ psql_scan_destroy(scan_state);
+ }
+ else if (cell->action == ACT_FILE)
+ {
+ successResult = process_file(cell->val, false);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* should never come here */
+ Assert(0);
+ }
+
+ if (successResult != EXIT_SUCCESS && pset.on_error_stop)
+ break;
+ }
- /*
- * If the query given to -c was a normal one, send it
- */
- else if (options.action == ACT_SINGLE_QUERY)
- {
- if (pset.echo == PSQL_ECHO_ALL)
- puts(options.action_string);
+ if (options.single_txn)
+ {
+ if ((res = PSQLexec("COMMIT")) == NULL)
+ {
+ if (pset.on_error_stop)
+ {
+ successResult = EXIT_USER;
+ goto error;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ PQclear(res);
+ }
- successResult = SendQuery(options.action_string)
- ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
+error:
+ ;
}
/*
*/
else
{
- if (!options.no_psqlrc)
- process_psqlrc(argv[0]);
-
connection_warnings(true);
if (!pset.quiet)
printf(_("Type \"help\" for help.\n\n"));
SetVariable(pset.vars, "ECHO", "errors");
break;
case 'c':
- options->action_string = pg_strdup(optarg);
if (optarg[0] == '\\')
- {
- options->action = ACT_SINGLE_SLASH;
- options->action_string++;
- }
+ simple_action_list_append(&options->actions,
+ ACT_SINGLE_SLASH,
+ pstrdup(optarg + 1));
else
- options->action = ACT_SINGLE_QUERY;
+ simple_action_list_append(&options->actions,
+ ACT_SINGLE_QUERY,
+ pstrdup(optarg));
break;
case 'd':
options->dbname = pg_strdup(optarg);
SetVariableBool(pset.vars, "ECHO_HIDDEN");
break;
case 'f':
- options->action = ACT_FILE;
- options->action_string = pg_strdup(optarg);
+ simple_action_list_append(&options->actions,
+ ACT_FILE,
+ pg_strdup(optarg));
break;
case 'F':
pset.popt.topt.fieldSep.separator = pg_strdup(optarg);
pset.popt.topt.format = PRINT_HTML;
break;
case 'l':
- options->action = ACT_LIST_DB;
+ options->list_dbs = true;
break;
case 'L':
options->logfilename = pg_strdup(optarg);
/* check for minor version first, then major, then no version */
if (access(psqlrc_minor, R_OK) == 0)
- (void) process_file(psqlrc_minor, false, false);
+ (void) process_file(psqlrc_minor, false);
else if (access(psqlrc_major, R_OK) == 0)
- (void) process_file(psqlrc_major, false, false);
+ (void) process_file(psqlrc_major, false);
else if (access(filename, R_OK) == 0)
- (void) process_file(filename, false, false);
+ (void) process_file(filename, false);
free(psqlrc_minor);
free(psqlrc_major);
}
+/*
+ * Support for list of actions. SimpleStringList cannot be used due possible
+ * combination different actions with the requirement to save the order.
+ */
+static void
+simple_action_list_append(SimpleActionList *list, int action, const char *val)
+{
+ SimpleActionListCell *cell;
+ size_t vallen = 0;
+
+ if (val)
+ vallen = strlen(val);
+
+ cell = (SimpleActionListCell *)
+ pg_malloc(offsetof(SimpleActionListCell, val) + vallen + 1);
+
+ cell->next = NULL;
+ cell->action = action;
+ if (val)
+ {
+ cell->val = pg_malloc(vallen + 1);
+ strcpy(cell->val, val);
+ }
+ else
+ cell->val = NULL;
+
+ if (list->tail)
+ list->tail->next = cell;
+ else
+ list->head = cell;
+ list->tail = cell;
+}
+
static void
EstablishVariableSpace(void)
{
projects / postgresql / commitdiff