mark (U+FEFF). In the other two modes, no BOM mark is prepended.
If *Py_UNICODE_WIDE* is not defined, surrogate pairs will be output
- as a single codepoint.
+ as a single code point.
Return *NULL* if an exception was raised by the codec.
Encodings and Unicode
---------------------
-Strings are stored internally as sequences of codepoints in
+Strings are stored internally as sequences of code points in
range ``0x0``-``0x10FFFF``. (See :pep:`393` for
more details about the implementation.)
Once a string object is used outside of CPU and memory, endianness
collectivity referred to as :term:`text encodings <text encoding>`.
The simplest text encoding (called ``'latin-1'`` or ``'iso-8859-1'``) maps
-the codepoints 0-255 to the bytes ``0x0``-``0xff``, which means that a string
-object that contains codepoints above ``U+00FF`` can't be encoded with this
+the code points 0-255 to the bytes ``0x0``-``0xff``, which means that a string
+object that contains code points above ``U+00FF`` can't be encoded with this
codec. Doing so will raise a :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` that looks
like the following (although the details of the error message may differ):
``UnicodeEncodeError: 'latin-1' codec can't encode character '\u1234' in
position 3: ordinal not in range(256)``.
There's another group of encodings (the so called charmap encodings) that choose
-a different subset of all Unicode code points and how these codepoints are
+a different subset of all Unicode code points and how these code points are
mapped to the bytes ``0x0``-``0xff``. To see how this is done simply open
e.g. :file:`encodings/cp1252.py` (which is an encoding that is used primarily on
Windows). There's a string constant with 256 characters that shows you which
character is mapped to which byte value.
-All of these encodings can only encode 256 of the 1114112 codepoints
+All of these encodings can only encode 256 of the 1114112 code points
defined in Unicode. A simple and straightforward way that can store each Unicode
-code point, is to store each codepoint as four consecutive bytes. There are two
+code point, is to store each code point as four consecutive bytes. There are two
possibilities: store the bytes in big endian or in little endian order. These
two encodings are called ``UTF-32-BE`` and ``UTF-32-LE`` respectively. Their
disadvantage is that if e.g. you use ``UTF-32-BE`` on a little endian machine you
minor type and defaults to :mimetype:`plain`. *_charset* is the character
set of the text and is passed as an argument to the
:class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart` constructor; it defaults
- to ``us-ascii`` if the string contains only ``ascii`` codepoints, and
+ to ``us-ascii`` if the string contains only ``ascii`` code points, and
``utf-8`` otherwise.
Unless the *_charset* argument is explicitly set to ``None``, the
.. function:: chr(i)
- Return the string representing a character whose Unicode codepoint is the integer
+ Return the string representing a character whose Unicode code point is the integer
*i*. For example, ``chr(97)`` returns the string ``'a'``. This is the
inverse of :func:`ord`. The valid range for the argument is from 0 through
1,114,111 (0x10FFFF in base 16). :exc:`ValueError` will be raised if *i* is
.. data:: name2codepoint
- A dictionary that maps HTML entity names to the Unicode codepoints.
+ A dictionary that maps HTML entity names to the Unicode code points.
.. data:: codepoint2name
- A dictionary that maps Unicode codepoints to HTML entity names.
+ A dictionary that maps Unicode code points to HTML entity names.
.. rubric:: Footnotes
that don't correspond to valid Unicode characters (e.g. unpaired UTF-16
surrogates), but it does note that they may cause interoperability problems.
By default, this module accepts and outputs (when present in the original
-:class:`str`) codepoints for such sequences.
+:class:`str`) code points for such sequences.
Infinite and NaN Number Values
all items of two sequences compare equal, the sequences are considered equal.
If one sequence is an initial sub-sequence of the other, the shorter sequence is
the smaller (lesser) one. Lexicographical ordering for strings uses the Unicode
-codepoint number to order individual characters. Some examples of comparisons
+code point number to order individual characters. Some examples of comparisons
between sequences of the same type::
(1, 2, 3) < (1, 2, 4)
Changes introduced by :pep:`393` are the following:
-* Python now always supports the full range of Unicode codepoints, including
+* Python now always supports the full range of Unicode code points, including
non-BMP ones (i.e. from ``U+0000`` to ``U+10FFFF``). The distinction between
narrow and wide builds no longer exists and Python now behaves like a wide
build, even under Windows.
so ``'\U0010FFFF'[0]`` now returns ``'\U0010FFFF'`` and not ``'\uDBFF'``;
* all other functions in the standard library now correctly handle
- non-BMP codepoints.
+ non-BMP code points.
* The value of :data:`sys.maxunicode` is now always ``1114111`` (``0x10FFFF``
in hexadecimal). The :c:func:`PyUnicode_GetMax` function still returns
Performance and resource usage
------------------------------
-The storage of Unicode strings now depends on the highest codepoint in the string:
+The storage of Unicode strings now depends on the highest code point in the string:
-* pure ASCII and Latin1 strings (``U+0000-U+00FF``) use 1 byte per codepoint;
+* pure ASCII and Latin1 strings (``U+0000-U+00FF``) use 1 byte per code point;
-* BMP strings (``U+0000-U+FFFF``) use 2 bytes per codepoint;
+* BMP strings (``U+0000-U+FFFF``) use 2 bytes per code point;
-* non-BMP strings (``U+10000-U+10FFFF``) use 4 bytes per codepoint.
+* non-BMP strings (``U+10000-U+10FFFF``) use 4 bytes per code point.
The net effect is that for most applications, memory usage of string
storage should decrease significantly - especially compared to former
Python will use the official U+FFFD REPLACEMENT
CHARACTER for the builtin Unicode codecs on
decoding and '?' on encoding.
- 'surrogateescape' - replace with private codepoints U+DCnn.
+ 'surrogateescape' - replace with private code points U+DCnn.
'xmlcharrefreplace' - Replace with the appropriate XML
character reference (only for encoding).
'backslashreplace' - Replace with backslashed escape sequences
bpayload = payload.encode('ascii')
except UnicodeError:
# This won't happen for RFC compliant messages (messages
- # containing only ASCII codepoints in the unicode input).
+ # containing only ASCII code points in the unicode input).
# If it does happen, turn the string into bytes in a way
# guaranteed not to fail.
bpayload = payload.encode('raw-unicode-escape')
"""HTML character entity references."""
-# maps the HTML entity name to the Unicode codepoint
+# maps the HTML entity name to the Unicode code point
name2codepoint = {
'AElig': 0x00c6, # latin capital letter AE = latin capital ligature AE, U+00C6 ISOlat1
'Aacute': 0x00c1, # latin capital letter A with acute, U+00C1 ISOlat1
'zwnj;': '\u200c',
}
-# maps the Unicode codepoint to the HTML entity name
+# maps the Unicode code point to the HTML entity name
codepoint2name = {}
# maps the HTML entity name to the character
roundtriptest = 1 # set if roundtrip is possible with unicode
has_iso10646 = 0 # set if this encoding contains whole iso10646 map
xmlcharnametest = None # string to test xmlcharrefreplace
- unmappedunicode = '\udeee' # a unicode codepoint that is not mapped.
+ unmappedunicode = '\udeee' # a unicode code point that is not mapped.
def setUp(self):
if self.codec is None:
check(s % num, char)
for end in [' ', 'X']:
check((s+end) % num, char+end)
- # check invalid codepoints
+ # check invalid code points
for cp in [0xD800, 0xDB00, 0xDC00, 0xDFFF, 0x110000]:
check_num(cp, '\uFFFD')
- # check more invalid codepoints
+ # check more invalid code points
for cp in [0x1, 0xb, 0xe, 0x7f, 0xfffe, 0xffff, 0x10fffe, 0x10ffff]:
check_num(cp, '')
# check invalid numbers
self.assertEqual(encoder.reset(), None)
def test_stateful(self):
- # jisx0213 encoder is stateful for a few codepoints. eg)
+ # jisx0213 encoder is stateful for a few code points. eg)
# U+00E6 => A9DC
# U+00E6 U+0300 => ABC4
# U+0300 => ABDC
# To fully test this module, we would need a copy of the stringprep tables.
-# Since we don't have them, this test checks only a few codepoints.
+# Since we don't have them, this test checks only a few code points.
import unittest
from test import support
def test_utf8_decode_invalid_sequences(self):
# continuation bytes in a sequence of 2, 3, or 4 bytes
continuation_bytes = [bytes([x]) for x in range(0x80, 0xC0)]
- # start bytes of a 2-byte sequence equivalent to codepoints < 0x7F
+ # start bytes of a 2-byte sequence equivalent to code points < 0x7F
invalid_2B_seq_start_bytes = [bytes([x]) for x in range(0xC0, 0xC2)]
- # start bytes of a 4-byte sequence equivalent to codepoints > 0x10FFFF
+ # start bytes of a 4-byte sequence equivalent to code points > 0x10FFFF
invalid_4B_seq_start_bytes = [bytes([x]) for x in range(0xF5, 0xF8)]
invalid_start_bytes = (
continuation_bytes + invalid_2B_seq_start_bytes +
#undef hz
#endif
-/* GBK and GB2312 map differently in few codepoints that are listed below:
+/* GBK and GB2312 map differently in few code points that are listed below:
*
* gb2312 gbk
* A1A4 U+30FB KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT U+00B7 MIDDLE DOT
default: return 1;
}
- NEXT_IN(2); /* all decoded codepoints are pairs, above. */
+ NEXT_IN(2); /* all decoded code points are pairs, above. */
}
return 0;
OUTBYTE1(EUCKR_JAMO_FIRSTBYTE);
OUTBYTE2(EUCKR_JAMO_FILLER);
- /* All codepoints in CP949 extension are in unicode
+ /* All code points in CP949 extension are in unicode
* Hangul Syllable area. */
assert(0xac00 <= c && c <= 0xd7a3);
c -= 0xac00;
#include "multibytecodec.h"
-/* a unicode "undefined" codepoint */
+/* a unicode "undefined" code point */
#define UNIINV 0xFFFE
-/* internal-use DBCS codepoints which aren't used by any charsets */
+/* internal-use DBCS code points which aren't used by any charsets */
#define NOCHAR 0xFFFF
#define MULTIC 0xFFFE
#define DBCINV 0xFFFD
(0x2B740 <= code && code <= 0x2B81D); /* CJK Ideograph Extension D */
}
-/* macros used to determine if the given codepoint is in the PUA range that
+/* macros used to determine if the given code point is in the PUA range that
* we are using to store aliases and named sequences */
#define IS_ALIAS(cp) ((cp >= aliases_start) && (cp < aliases_end))
#define IS_NAMED_SEQ(cp) ((cp >= named_sequences_start) && \
_getucname(PyObject *self, Py_UCS4 code, char* buffer, int buflen,
int with_alias_and_seq)
{
- /* Find the name associated with the given codepoint.
+ /* Find the name associated with the given code point.
* If with_alias_and_seq is 1, check for names in the Private Use Area 15
* that we are using for aliases and named sequences. */
int offset;
if (code >= 0x110000)
return 0;
- /* XXX should we just skip all the codepoints in the PUAs here? */
+ /* XXX should we just skip all the code points in the PUAs here? */
if (!with_alias_and_seq && (IS_ALIAS(code) || IS_NAMED_SEQ(code)))
return 0;
/* check if named sequences are allowed */
if (!with_named_seq && IS_NAMED_SEQ(cp))
return 0;
- /* if the codepoint is in the PUA range that we use for aliases,
- * convert it to obtain the right codepoint */
+ /* if the code point is in the PUA range that we use for aliases,
+ * convert it to obtain the right code point */
if (IS_ALIAS(cp))
*code = name_aliases[cp-aliases_start];
else
_getcode(PyObject* self, const char* name, int namelen, Py_UCS4* code,
int with_named_seq)
{
- /* Return the codepoint associated with the given name.
+ /* Return the code point associated with the given name.
* Named aliases are resolved too (unless self != NULL (i.e. we are using
- * 3.2.0)). If with_named_seq is 1, returns the PUA codepoint that we are
+ * 3.2.0)). If with_named_seq is 1, returns the PUA code point that we are
* using for the named sequence, and the caller must then convert it. */
unsigned int h, v;
unsigned int mask = code_size-1;
}
if (Py_UNICODE_IS_SURROGATE(ch)) {
- errmsg = "codepoint in surrogate code point range(0xd800, 0xe000)";
+ errmsg = "code point in surrogate code point range(0xd800, 0xe000)";
startinpos = ((const char *)q) - starts;
endinpos = startinpos + 4;
}
q += 4;
continue;
}
- errmsg = "codepoint not in range(0x110000)";
+ errmsg = "code point not in range(0x110000)";
startinpos = ((const char *)q) - starts;
endinpos = startinpos + 4;
}
implementation -- Python implementation information.\n\
int_info -- a struct sequence with information about the int implementation.\n\
maxsize -- the largest supported length of containers.\n\
-maxunicode -- the value of the largest Unicode codepoint\n\
+maxunicode -- the value of the largest Unicode code point\n\
platform -- platform identifier\n\
prefix -- prefix used to find the Python library\n\
thread_info -- a struct sequence with information about the thread implementation.\n\
# Standard undefined Unicode code point
UNI_UNDEFINED = chr(0xFFFE)
-# Placeholder for a missing codepoint
+# Placeholder for a missing code point
MISSING_CODE = -1
mapRE = re.compile('((?:0x[0-9a-fA-F]+\+?)+)'
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