-# An FTP client class. Based on RFC 959: File Transfer Protocol
-# (FTP), by J. Postel and J. Reynolds
-
-# Changes and improvements suggested by Steve Majewski
-# Modified by Jack to work on the mac.
-
-
-# Example:
-#
-# >>> from ftplib import FTP
-# >>> ftp = FTP('ftp.python.org') # connect to host, default port
-# >>> ftp.login() # default, i.e.: user anonymous, passwd user@hostname
-# >>> ftp.retrlines('LIST') # list directory contents
-# total 9
-# drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 .
-# drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 ..
-# drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 bin
-# drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 etc
-# d-wxrwxr-x 2 ftp wheel 1024 Sep 5 13:43 incoming
-# drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Nov 17 1993 lib
-# drwxr-xr-x 6 1094 wheel 1024 Sep 13 19:07 pub
-# drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 usr
-# -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 312 Aug 1 1994 welcome.msg
-# >>> ftp.quit()
-# >>>
-#
-# To download a file, use ftp.retrlines('RETR ' + filename),
-# or ftp.retrbinary() with slightly different arguments.
-# To upload a file, use ftp.storlines() or ftp.storbinary(), which have
-# an open file as argument (see their definitions below for details).
-# The download/upload functions first issue appropriate TYPE and PORT
-# commands.
+'''An FTP client class, and some helper functions.
+Based on RFC 959: File Transfer Protocol
+(FTP), by J. Postel and J. Reynolds
+
+Changes and improvements suggested by Steve Majewski.
+Modified by Jack to work on the mac.
+Modified by Siebren to support docstrings and PASV.
+
+
+Example:
+
+>>> from ftplib import FTP
+>>> ftp = FTP('ftp.python.org') # connect to host, default port
+>>> ftp.login() # default, i.e.: user anonymous, passwd user@hostname
+>>> ftp.retrlines('LIST') # list directory contents
+total 9
+drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 .
+drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 ..
+drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 bin
+drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 etc
+d-wxrwxr-x 2 ftp wheel 1024 Sep 5 13:43 incoming
+drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Nov 17 1993 lib
+drwxr-xr-x 6 1094 wheel 1024 Sep 13 19:07 pub
+drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 usr
+-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 312 Aug 1 1994 welcome.msg
+>>> ftp.quit()
+>>>
+
+A nice test that reveals some of the network dialogue would be:
+python ftplib.py -d localhost -l -p -l
+'''
import os
# The class itself
class FTP:
- # New initialization method (called by class instantiation)
+ '''An FTP client class.
+
+ To create a connection, call the class using these argument:
+ host, user, passwd, acct
+ These are all strings, and have default value ''.
+ Then use self.connect() with optional host and port argument.
+
+ To download a file, use ftp.retrlines('RETR ' + filename),
+ or ftp.retrbinary() with slightly different arguments.
+ To upload a file, use ftp.storlines() or ftp.storbinary(),
+ which have an open file as argument (see their definitions
+ below for details).
+ The download/upload functions first issue appropriate TYPE
+ and PORT or PASV commands.
+'''
+
+ # Initialization method (called by class instantiation).
# Initialize host to localhost, port to standard ftp port
# Optional arguments are host (for connect()),
# and user, passwd, acct (for login())
self.connect(host)
if user: self.login(user, passwd, acct)
- # Connect to host. Arguments:
- # - host: hostname to connect to (default previous host)
- # - port: port to connect to (default previous port)
def connect(self, host = '', port = 0):
+ '''Connect to host. Arguments are:
+ - host: hostname to connect to (string, default previous host)
+ - port: port to connect to (integer, default previous port)'''
if host: self.host = host
if port: self.port = port
+ self.passiveserver = 0
self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.sock.connect(self.host, self.port)
- self.file = self.sock.makefile('rb')
+ self.file = self.sock.makefile('r')
self.welcome = self.getresp()
- # Get the welcome message from the server
- # (this is read and squirreled away by connect())
def getwelcome(self):
+ '''Get the welcome message from the server.
+ (this is read and squirreled away by connect())'''
if self.debugging:
print '*welcome*', self.sanitize(self.welcome)
return self.welcome
- # Set the debugging level. Argument level means:
- # 0: no debugging output (default)
- # 1: print commands and responses but not body text etc.
- # 2: also print raw lines read and sent before stripping CR/LF
def set_debuglevel(self, level):
+ '''Set the debugging level.
+ The required argument level means:
+ 0: no debugging output (default)
+ 1: print commands and responses but not body text etc.
+ 2: also print raw lines read and sent before stripping CR/LF'''
self.debugging = level
debug = set_debuglevel
+ def set_pasv(self, val):
+ '''Use passive or active mode for data transfers.
+ With a false argument, use the normal PORT mode,
+ With a true argument, use the PASV command.'''
+ self.passiveserver = val
+
# Internal: "sanitize" a string for printing
def sanitize(self, s):
if s[:5] == 'pass ' or s[:5] == 'PASS ':
raise error_proto, resp
return resp
- # Expect a response beginning with '2'
def voidresp(self):
+ """Expect a response beginning with '2'."""
resp = self.getresp()
if resp[0] <> '2':
raise error_reply, resp
- # Abort a file transfer. Uses out-of-band data.
- # This does not follow the procedure from the RFC to send Telnet
- # IP and Synch; that doesn't seem to work with the servers I've
- # tried. Instead, just send the ABOR command as OOB data.
def abort(self):
+ '''Abort a file transfer. Uses out-of-band data.
+ This does not follow the procedure from the RFC to send Telnet
+ IP and Synch; that doesn't seem to work with the servers I've
+ tried. Instead, just send the ABOR command as OOB data.'''
line = 'ABOR' + CRLF
if self.debugging > 1: print '*put urgent*', self.sanitize(line)
self.sock.send(line, MSG_OOB)
if resp[:3] not in ('426', '226'):
raise error_proto, resp
- # Send a command and return the response
def sendcmd(self, cmd):
+ '''Send a command and return the response.'''
self.putcmd(cmd)
return self.getresp()
- # Send a command and expect a response beginning with '2'
def voidcmd(self, cmd):
+ """Send a command and expect a response beginning with '2'."""
self.putcmd(cmd)
self.voidresp()
- # Send a PORT command with the current host and the given port number
def sendport(self, host, port):
+ '''Send a PORT command with the current host and the given port number.'''
hbytes = string.splitfields(host, '.')
pbytes = [`port/256`, `port%256`]
bytes = hbytes + pbytes
cmd = 'PORT ' + string.joinfields(bytes, ',')
self.voidcmd(cmd)
- # Create a new socket and send a PORT command for it
def makeport(self):
+ '''Create a new socket and send a PORT command for it.'''
global nextport
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.bind(('', 0))
resp = self.sendport(host, port)
return sock
- # Send a port command and a transfer command, accept the connection
- # and return the socket for the connection
def transfercmd(self, cmd):
- sock = self.makeport()
- resp = self.sendcmd(cmd)
- if resp[0] <> '1':
- raise error_reply, resp
- conn, sockaddr = sock.accept()
+ '''Initiate a transfer over the data connection.
+ If the transfer is active, send a port command and
+ the transfer command, and accept the connection.
+ If the server is passive, send a pasv command, connect
+ to it, and start the transfer command.
+ Either way, return the socket for the connection'''
+ if self.passiveserver:
+ host, port = parse227(self.sendcmd('PASV'))
+ conn = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+ conn.connect(host, port)
+ resp = self.sendcmd(cmd)
+ if resp[0] <> '1':
+ raise error_reply, resp
+ else:
+ sock = self.makeport()
+ resp = self.sendcmd(cmd)
+ if resp[0] <> '1':
+ raise error_reply, resp
+ conn, sockaddr = sock.accept()
return conn
- # Login, default anonymous
def login(self, user = '', passwd = '', acct = ''):
+ '''Login, default anonymous.'''
if not user: user = 'anonymous'
if user == 'anonymous' and passwd in ('', '-'):
thishost = socket.gethostname()
if resp[0] <> '2':
raise error_reply, resp
- # Retrieve data in binary mode.
- # The argument is a RETR command.
- # The callback function is called for each block.
- # This creates a new port for you
def retrbinary(self, cmd, callback, blocksize):
+ '''Retrieve data in binary mode.
+ The argument is a RETR command.
+ The callback function is called for each block.
+ This creates a new port for you'''
self.voidcmd('TYPE I')
conn = self.transfercmd(cmd)
while 1:
conn.close()
self.voidresp()
- # Retrieve data in line mode.
- # The argument is a RETR or LIST command.
- # The callback function is called for each line, with trailing
- # CRLF stripped. This creates a new port for you.
- # print_lines is the default callback
def retrlines(self, cmd, callback = None):
+ '''Retrieve data in line mode.
+ The argument is a RETR or LIST command.
+ The callback function (2nd argument) is called for each line,
+ with trailing CRLF stripped. This creates a new port for you.
+ print_lines is the default callback.'''
if not callback: callback = print_line
resp = self.sendcmd('TYPE A')
conn = self.transfercmd(cmd)
- fp = conn.makefile('rb')
+ fp = conn.makefile('r')
while 1:
line = fp.readline()
if self.debugging > 2: print '*retr*', `line`
conn.close()
self.voidresp()
- # Store a file in binary mode
def storbinary(self, cmd, fp, blocksize):
+ '''Store a file in binary mode.'''
self.voidcmd('TYPE I')
conn = self.transfercmd(cmd)
while 1:
conn.close()
self.voidresp()
- # Store a file in line mode
def storlines(self, cmd, fp):
+ '''Store a file in line mode.'''
self.voidcmd('TYPE A')
conn = self.transfercmd(cmd)
while 1:
conn.close()
self.voidresp()
- # Send new account name
def acct(self, password):
+ '''Send new account name.'''
cmd = 'ACCT ' + password
self.voidcmd(cmd)
- # Return a list of files in a given directory (default the current)
def nlst(self, *args):
+ '''Return a list of files in a given directory (default the current).'''
cmd = 'NLST'
for arg in args:
cmd = cmd + (' ' + arg)
self.retrlines(cmd, files.append)
return files
- # List a directory in long form. By default list current directory
- # to stdout. Optional last argument is callback function;
- # all non-empty arguments before it are concatenated to the
- # LIST command. (This *should* only be used for a pathname.)
def dir(self, *args):
+ '''List a directory in long form.
+ By default list current directory to stdout.
+ Optional last argument is callback function; all
+ non-empty arguments before it are concatenated to the
+ LIST command. (This *should* only be used for a pathname.)'''
cmd = 'LIST'
func = None
if args[-1:] and type(args[-1]) != type(''):
cmd = cmd + (' ' + arg)
self.retrlines(cmd, func)
- # Rename a file
def rename(self, fromname, toname):
+ '''Rename a file.'''
resp = self.sendcmd('RNFR ' + fromname)
if resp[0] <> '3':
raise error_reply, resp
self.voidcmd('RNTO ' + toname)
- # Delete a file
def delete(self, filename):
+ '''Delete a file.'''
resp = self.sendcmd('DELE ' + filename)
if resp[:3] == '250':
return
else:
raise error_reply, resp
- # Change to a directory
def cwd(self, dirname):
+ '''Change to a directory.'''
if dirname == '..':
try:
self.voidcmd('CDUP')
cmd = 'CWD ' + dirname
self.voidcmd(cmd)
- # Retrieve the size of a file
def size(self, filename):
+ '''Retrieve the size of a file.'''
+ # Note that the RFC doesn't say anything about 'SIZE'
resp = self.sendcmd('SIZE ' + filename)
if resp[:3] == '213':
return string.atoi(string.strip(resp[3:]))
- # Make a directory, return its full pathname
def mkd(self, dirname):
+ '''Make a directory, return its full pathname.'''
resp = self.sendcmd('MKD ' + dirname)
return parse257(resp)
- # Return current wording directory
def pwd(self):
+ '''Return current working directory.'''
resp = self.sendcmd('PWD')
return parse257(resp)
- # Quit, and close the connection
def quit(self):
+ '''Quit, and close the connection.'''
self.voidcmd('QUIT')
self.close()
- # Close the connection without assuming anything about it
def close(self):
+ '''Close the connection without assuming anything about it.'''
self.file.close()
self.sock.close()
del self.file, self.sock
-# Parse a response type 257
+def parse227(resp):
+ '''Parse the '227' response for a PASV request.
+ Raises error_proto if it does not contain '(h1,h2,h3,h4,p1,p2)'
+ Return ('host.addr.as.numbers', port#) tuple.'''
+
+ if resp[:3] <> '227':
+ raise error_reply, resp
+ left = string.find(resp, '(')
+ if left < 0: raise error_proto, resp
+ right = string.find(resp, ')', left + 1)
+ if right < 0:
+ raise error_proto, resp # should contain '(h1,h2,h3,h4,p1,p2)'
+ numbers = string.split(resp[left+1:right], ',')
+ if len(numbers) <> 6:
+ raise error_proto, resp
+ host = string.join(numbers[:4], '.')
+ port = (string.atoi(numbers[4]) << 8) + string.atoi(numbers[5])
+ return host, port
+# end parse227
+
+
def parse257(resp):
+ '''Parse the '257' response for a MKD or RMD request.
+ This is a response to a MKD or RMD request: a directory name.
+ Returns the directoryname in the 257 reply.'''
+
if resp[:3] <> '257':
raise error_reply, resp
if resp[3:5] <> ' "':
dirname = dirname + c
return dirname
-# Default retrlines callback to print a line
def print_line(line):
+ '''Default retrlines callback to print a line.'''
print line
+def ftpcp(source, sourcename, target, targetname = '', type = 'I'):
+ '''Copy file from one FTP-instance to another.'''
+ if not targetname: targetname = sourcename
+ type = 'TYPE ' + type
+ source.voidcmd(type)
+ target.voidcmd(type)
+ sourcehost, sourceport = parse227(source.sendcmd('PASV'))
+ target.sendport(sourcehost, sourceport)
+ # RFC 959: the user must "listen" [...] BEFORE sending the
+ # transfer request.
+ # So: STOR before RETR, because here the target is a "user".
+ treply = target.sendcmd('STOR ' + targetname)
+ if treply[:3] not in ('125', '150'): raise error_proto # RFC 959
+ sreply = source.sendcmd('RETR ' + sourcename)
+ if sreply[:3] not in ('125', '150'): raise error_proto # RFC 959
+ source.voidresp()
+ target.voidresp()
-# Test program.
-# Usage: ftp [-d] host [-l[dir]] [-d[dir]] [file] ...
def test():
- import marshal
+ '''Test program.
+ Usage: ftp [-d] host [-l[dir]] [-d[dir]] [-p] [file] ...'''
+
debugging = 0
while sys.argv[1] == '-d':
debugging = debugging+1
cmd = 'CWD'
if file[2:]: cmd = cmd + ' ' + file[2:]
resp = ftp.sendcmd(cmd)
+ elif file == '-p':
+ ftp.set_pasv(not ftp.passiveserver)
else:
ftp.retrbinary('RETR ' + file, \
sys.stdout.write, 1024)
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