<h2><a name="definitions" id="definitions">Definitions</a></h2>
<dl>
-<dt><a name="authentication">Authentication</a></dt> <dd>The positive
-identification of a network entity such as a server, a client, or a
-user.<br /> See: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access
-Control</a></dd>
-
<dt><a name="accesscontrol">Access Control</a></dt>
<dd>The restriction of access to network realms. In an Apache context
usually the restriction of access to certain <em>URLs</em>.<br />
<dt><a name="apacheextensiontool">APache eXtension Tool</a> <a name="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt> <dd>A perl script that aids in compiling <a href="#module">module</a> sources into Dynamic Shared Objects (<a href="#dso">DSO</a>s) and helps install them in the Apache Web
server.<br /> See: <a href="programs/apxs.html">Manual Page: apxs</a></dd>
+<dt><a name="authentication">Authentication</a></dt>
+<dd>The positive identification of a network entity such as a server, a
+client, or a user.<br /> See: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access
+Control</a></dd>
+
<dt><a name="certificate">Certificate</a></dt>
<dd>A data record used for authenticating network entities such
as a server or a client. A certificate contains X.509 information pieces
using CA certificates.<br />
See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
-<dt><a name="certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a> <a name="ca">(CA)</a></dt> <dd>A trusted third party whose purpose is to
-sign certificates for network entities it has authenticated using
-secure means. Other network entities can check the signature to verify
-that a CA has authenticated the bearer of a certificate.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
-
<dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest">Certificate Signing Request</a>
<a name="csr">(CSR)</a></dt> <dd>An unsigned <a href="#certificate">certificate</a> for submission to a <a href="#certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a>, which signs it
with the <a href="#privatekey">Private Key</a> of their CA
certificate.<br />
See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
+<dt><a name="certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a> <a name="ca">(CA)</a></dt> <dd>A trusted third party whose purpose is to
+sign certificates for network entities it has authenticated using
+secure means. Other network entities can check the signature to verify
+that a CA has authenticated the bearer of a certificate.<br />
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="cipher">Cipher</a></dt> <dd>An algorithm or system for
data encryption. Examples are DES, IDEA, RC4, etc.<br />
that control the configuration of Apache.<br />
See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a></dd>
-<dt><a name="connect">CONNECT</a></dt> <dd>An HTTP <a href="#method">method</a> for proxying raw data channels over HTTP. It
-can be used to encapsulate other protocols, such as the SSL
+<dt><a name="connect">CONNECT</a></dt>
+<dd>An HTTP <a href="#method">method</a> for proxying raw data channels
+over HTTP. It can be used to encapsulate other protocols, such as the SSL
protocol.</dd>
<dt><a name="context">Context</a></dt> <dd>An area in the <a href="#configurationfile">configuration files</a> where certain types
force.<br />
See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
-<dt><a name="filter">Filter</a></dt> <dd>A process that is applied to
-data that is sent or received by the server. Input filters process
+<dt><a name="filter">Filter</a></dt>
+<dd>A process that is applied to data that is sent or received by the
+server. Input filters process
data sent by the client to the server, while output filters process
documents on the server before they are sent to the client. For
example, the <code>INCLUDES</code> output filter processes documents
<code>example.com</code> is a domain name, and
<code>www.example.com</code> is a fully-qualified domain name.</dd>
-<dt><a name="handler">Handler</a></dt> <dd>An internal Apache
-representation of the action to be performed when a file is
-called. Generally, files have implicit handlers, based on the file
+<dt><a name="handler">Handler</a></dt>
+<dd>An internal Apache representation of the action to be performed when
+a file is called. Generally, files have implicit handlers, based on the file
type. Normally, all files are simply served by the server, but certain
file types are "handled" separately. For example, the
<code>cgi-script</code> handler designates files to be processed as <a href="#cgi">CGIs</a>.<br />
See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a></dd>
<dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol">HyperText Transfer
-Protocol</a> <a name="http">(HTTP)</a></dt> <dd>The standard
-transmission protocol used on the World Wide Web. Apache implements
-version 1.1 of the protocol, referred to as HTTP/1.1 and defined by <a href="http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616</a>.</dd>
+Protocol</a> <a name="http">(HTTP)</a></dt>
+<dd>The standard transmission protocol used on the World Wide Web.
+Apache implements version 1.1 of the protocol, referred to as HTTP/1.1
+and defined by <a href="http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616</a>.</dd>
<dt><a name="https">HTTPS</a></dt>
<dd>The HyperText Transfer Protocol (Secure), the standard encrypted
<dd>The Open Source toolkit for SSL/TLS<br />
see <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a></dd>
-<dt><a name="passphrase">Pass Phrase</a></dt> <dd>The word or phrase
-that protects private key files. It prevents unauthorized users from
-encrypting them. Usually it's just the secret encryption/decryption
+<dt><a name="passphrase">Pass Phrase</a></dt>
+<dd>The word or phrase that protects private key files.
+It prevents unauthorized users from encrypting them. Usually it's just
+the secret encryption/decryption
key used for <a name="cipher">Ciphers</a>.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="plaintext">Plaintext</a></dt>
utility. Apache distributions are stored in compressed tar archives
or using pkzip.</dd>
-<dt><a name="transportlayersecurity">Transport Layer Security</a> <a name="tls">(TLS)</a></dt> <dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created
+<dt><a name="transportlayersecurity">Transport Layer Security</a> <a name="tls">(TLS)</a></dt>
+<dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created
by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for general
communication authentication and encryption over TCP/IP networks. TLS
version 1 and is nearly identical with SSL version 3.<br />
See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
-<dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform Resource Locator</a> <a name="url">(URL)</a></dt> <dd>The name/address of a resource on the
+<dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform Resource Locator</a> <a name="url">(URL)</a></dt>
+<dd>The name/address of a resource on the
Internet. This is the common informal term for what is formally
called a <a href="#uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource
Identifier</a>. URLs are usually made up of a scheme, like
URL for this page is
<code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.1/glossary.html</code>.</dd>
-<dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> <a name="URI">(URI)</a></dt> <dd>A compact string of characters for
+<dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> <a name="URI">(URI)</a></dt>
+<dd>A compact string of characters for
identifying an abstract or physical resource. It is formally defined
by <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>.
URIs used on the world-wide web are commonly referred to
as <a href="#url">URLs</a>.</dd>
-<dt><a name="virtualhosting">Virtual Hosting</a></dt> <dd>Serving
-multiple websites using a single instance of Apache. <em>IP virtual
-hosting</em> differentiates between websites based on their IP
+<dt><a name="virtualhosting">Virtual Hosting</a></dt>
+<dd>Serving multiple websites using a single instance of Apache.
+<em>IP virtual hosting</em> differentiates between websites based on their IP
address, while <em>name-based virtual hosting</em> uses only the name
of the host and can therefore host many sites on the same IP
address.<br /> See: <a href="vhosts/">Apache Virtual Host
documentation</a></dd>
-<dt><a name="x.509">X.509</a></dt> <dd>An authentication certificate
-scheme recommended by the International Telecommunication Union
-(ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS authentication.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
-
+<dt><a name="x.509">X.509</a></dt>
+<dd>An authentication certificate scheme recommended by the International
+Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS
+authentication.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
</dl>
</div></div>
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