interpreter, and don't just continue from the session described above::
import logging
- logging.basicConfig(filename='example.log',level=logging.DEBUG)
+ logging.basicConfig(filename='example.log', encoding='utf-8', level=logging.DEBUG)
logging.debug('This message should go to the log file')
logging.info('So should this')
logging.warning('And this, too')
+ logging.error('And non-ASCII stuff, too, like Øresund and Malmö')
+
+.. versionchanged:: 3.9
+ The *encoding* argument was added. In earlier Python versions, or if not
+ specified, the encoding used is the default value used by :func:`open`. While
+ not shown in the above example, an *errors* argument can also now be passed,
+ which determines how encoding errors are handled. For available values and
+ the default, see the documentation for :func:`open`.
And now if we open the file and look at what we have, we should find the log
messages:
DEBUG:root:This message should go to the log file
INFO:root:So should this
WARNING:root:And this, too
+ ERROR:root:And non-ASCII stuff, too, like Øresund and Malmö
This example also shows how you can set the logging level which acts as the
threshold for tracking. In this case, because we set the threshold to
:class:`StreamHandler`.
-.. class:: FileHandler(filename, mode='a', encoding=None, delay=False)
+.. class:: FileHandler(filename, mode='a', encoding=None, delay=False, errors=None)
Returns a new instance of the :class:`FileHandler` class. The specified file is
opened and used as the stream for logging. If *mode* is not specified,
:const:`'a'` is used. If *encoding* is not ``None``, it is used to open the file
with that encoding. If *delay* is true, then file opening is deferred until the
- first call to :meth:`emit`. By default, the file grows indefinitely.
+ first call to :meth:`emit`. By default, the file grows indefinitely. If
+ *errors* is specified, it's used to determine how encoding errors are handled.
.. versionchanged:: 3.6
As well as string values, :class:`~pathlib.Path` objects are also accepted
for the *filename* argument.
+ .. versionchanged:: 3.9
+ The *errors* parameter was added.
+
.. method:: close()
Closes the file.
for this value.
-.. class:: WatchedFileHandler(filename, mode='a', encoding=None, delay=False)
+.. class:: WatchedFileHandler(filename, mode='a', encoding=None, delay=False, errors=None)
Returns a new instance of the :class:`WatchedFileHandler` class. The specified
file is opened and used as the stream for logging. If *mode* is not specified,
:const:`'a'` is used. If *encoding* is not ``None``, it is used to open the file
with that encoding. If *delay* is true, then file opening is deferred until the
- first call to :meth:`emit`. By default, the file grows indefinitely.
+ first call to :meth:`emit`. By default, the file grows indefinitely. If
+ *errors* is provided, it determines how encoding errors are handled.
.. versionchanged:: 3.6
As well as string values, :class:`~pathlib.Path` objects are also accepted
for the *filename* argument.
+ .. versionchanged:: 3.9
+ The *errors* parameter was added.
+
.. method:: reopenIfNeeded()
Checks to see if the file has changed. If it has, the existing stream is
not need to instantiate this class, but it has attributes and methods you may
need to override.
-.. class:: BaseRotatingHandler(filename, mode, encoding=None, delay=False)
+.. class:: BaseRotatingHandler(filename, mode, encoding=None, delay=False, errors=None)
The parameters are as for :class:`FileHandler`. The attributes are:
module, supports rotation of disk log files.
-.. class:: RotatingFileHandler(filename, mode='a', maxBytes=0, backupCount=0, encoding=None, delay=False)
+.. class:: RotatingFileHandler(filename, mode='a', maxBytes=0, backupCount=0, encoding=None, delay=False, errors=None)
Returns a new instance of the :class:`RotatingFileHandler` class. The specified
file is opened and used as the stream for logging. If *mode* is not specified,
``'a'`` is used. If *encoding* is not ``None``, it is used to open the file
with that encoding. If *delay* is true, then file opening is deferred until the
- first call to :meth:`emit`. By default, the file grows indefinitely.
+ first call to :meth:`emit`. By default, the file grows indefinitely. If
+ *errors* is provided, it determines how encoding errors are handled.
You can use the *maxBytes* and *backupCount* values to allow the file to
:dfn:`rollover` at a predetermined size. When the size is about to be exceeded,
As well as string values, :class:`~pathlib.Path` objects are also accepted
for the *filename* argument.
+ .. versionchanged:: 3.9
+ The *errors* parameter was added.
+
.. method:: doRollover()
Does a rollover, as described above.
timed intervals.
-.. class:: TimedRotatingFileHandler(filename, when='h', interval=1, backupCount=0, encoding=None, delay=False, utc=False, atTime=None)
+.. class:: TimedRotatingFileHandler(filename, when='h', interval=1, backupCount=0, encoding=None, delay=False, utc=False, atTime=None, errors=None)
Returns a new instance of the :class:`TimedRotatingFileHandler` class. The
specified file is opened and used as the stream for logging. On rotating it also
rollover, and subsequent rollovers would be calculated via the normal
interval calculation.
+ If *errors* is specified, it's used to determine how encoding errors are
+ handled.
+
.. note:: Calculation of the initial rollover time is done when the handler
is initialised. Calculation of subsequent rollover times is done only
when rollover occurs, and rollover occurs only when emitting output. If
As well as string values, :class:`~pathlib.Path` objects are also accepted
for the *filename* argument.
+ .. versionchanged:: 3.9
+ The *errors* parameter was added.
+
.. method:: doRollover()
Does a rollover, as described above.
| | carrying out the configuration as specified |
| | by the other arguments. |
+--------------+---------------------------------------------+
+ | *encoding* | If this keyword argument is specified along |
+ | | with *filename*, its value is used when the |
+ | | FileHandler is created, and thus used when |
+ | | opening the output file. |
+ +--------------+---------------------------------------------+
+ | *errors* | If this keyword argument is specified along |
+ | | with *filename*, its value is used when the |
+ | | FileHandler is created, and thus used when |
+ | | opening the output file. If not specified, |
+ | | the value 'backslashreplace' is used. Note |
+ | | that if ``None`` is specified, it will be |
+ | | passed as such to func:`open`, which means |
+ | | that it will be treated the same as passing |
+ | | 'errors'. |
+ +--------------+---------------------------------------------+
.. versionchanged:: 3.2
The *style* argument was added.
.. versionchanged:: 3.8
The *force* argument was added.
+ .. versionchanged:: 3.9
+ The *encoding* and *errors* arguments were added.
+
.. function:: shutdown()
Informs the logging system to perform an orderly shutdown by flushing and
howto/ipaddress,,:ffff,IPv6Address('2001:db8::ffff:ffff')
howto/logging,,:And,"WARNING:And this, too"
howto/logging,,:And,"WARNING:root:And this, too"
+howto/logging,,:And,"ERROR:root:And non-ASCII stuff, too, like "
howto/logging,,:Doing,INFO:root:Doing something
howto/logging,,:Finished,INFO:root:Finished
howto/logging,,:logger,severity:logger name:message
howto/logging,,:root,INFO:root:Doing something
howto/logging,,:root,INFO:root:Finished
howto/logging,,:root,INFO:root:So should this
+howto/logging,,:root,"ERROR:root:And non-ASCII stuff, too, like "
howto/logging,,:root,INFO:root:Started
howto/logging,,:root,"WARNING:root:And this, too"
howto/logging,,:root,WARNING:root:Look before you leap!
-# Copyright 2001-2017 by Vinay Sajip. All Rights Reserved.
+# Copyright 2001-2019 by Vinay Sajip. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
# documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
Logging package for Python. Based on PEP 282 and comments thereto in
comp.lang.python.
-Copyright (C) 2001-2017 Vinay Sajip. All Rights Reserved.
+Copyright (C) 2001-2019 Vinay Sajip. All Rights Reserved.
To use, simply 'import logging' and log away!
"""
"""
A handler class which writes formatted logging records to disk files.
"""
- def __init__(self, filename, mode='a', encoding=None, delay=False):
+ def __init__(self, filename, mode='a', encoding=None, delay=False, errors=None):
"""
Open the specified file and use it as the stream for logging.
"""
self.baseFilename = os.path.abspath(filename)
self.mode = mode
self.encoding = encoding
+ self.errors = errors
self.delay = delay
if delay:
#We don't open the stream, but we still need to call the
Open the current base file with the (original) mode and encoding.
Return the resulting stream.
"""
- return open(self.baseFilename, self.mode, encoding=self.encoding)
+ return open(self.baseFilename, self.mode, encoding=self.encoding,
+ errors=self.errors)
def emit(self, record):
"""
attached to the root logger are removed and closed, before
carrying out the configuration as specified by the other
arguments.
+ encoding If specified together with a filename, this encoding is passed to
+ the created FileHandler, causing it to be used when the file is
+ opened.
+ errors If specified together with a filename, this value is passed to the
+ created FileHandler, causing it to be used when the file is
+ opened in text mode. If not specified, the default value is
+ `backslashreplace`.
+
Note that you could specify a stream created using open(filename, mode)
rather than passing the filename and mode in. However, it should be
remembered that StreamHandler does not close its stream (since it may be
using sys.stdout or sys.stderr), whereas FileHandler closes its stream
when the handler is closed.
- .. versionchanged:: 3.8
- Added the ``force`` parameter.
-
.. versionchanged:: 3.2
Added the ``style`` parameter.
``filename``/``filemode``, or ``filename``/``filemode`` specified
together with ``stream``, or ``handlers`` specified together with
``stream``.
+
+ .. versionchanged:: 3.8
+ Added the ``force`` parameter.
+
+ .. versionchanged:: 3.9
+ Added the ``encoding`` and ``errors`` parameters.
"""
# Add thread safety in case someone mistakenly calls
# basicConfig() from multiple threads
_acquireLock()
try:
force = kwargs.pop('force', False)
+ encoding = kwargs.pop('encoding', None)
+ errors = kwargs.pop('errors', 'backslashreplace')
if force:
for h in root.handlers[:]:
root.removeHandler(h)
filename = kwargs.pop("filename", None)
mode = kwargs.pop("filemode", 'a')
if filename:
- h = FileHandler(filename, mode)
+ if 'b'in mode:
+ errors = None
+ h = FileHandler(filename, mode,
+ encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
else:
stream = kwargs.pop("stream", None)
h = StreamHandler(stream)
Not meant to be instantiated directly. Instead, use RotatingFileHandler
or TimedRotatingFileHandler.
"""
- def __init__(self, filename, mode, encoding=None, delay=False):
+ def __init__(self, filename, mode, encoding=None, delay=False, errors=None):
"""
Use the specified filename for streamed logging
"""
- logging.FileHandler.__init__(self, filename, mode, encoding, delay)
+ logging.FileHandler.__init__(self, filename, mode=mode,
+ encoding=encoding, delay=delay,
+ errors=errors)
self.mode = mode
self.encoding = encoding
+ self.errors = errors
self.namer = None
self.rotator = None
Handler for logging to a set of files, which switches from one file
to the next when the current file reaches a certain size.
"""
- def __init__(self, filename, mode='a', maxBytes=0, backupCount=0, encoding=None, delay=False):
+ def __init__(self, filename, mode='a', maxBytes=0, backupCount=0,
+ encoding=None, delay=False, errors=None):
"""
Open the specified file and use it as the stream for logging.
# on each run.
if maxBytes > 0:
mode = 'a'
- BaseRotatingHandler.__init__(self, filename, mode, encoding, delay)
+ BaseRotatingHandler.__init__(self, filename, mode, encoding=encoding,
+ delay=delay, errors=errors)
self.maxBytes = maxBytes
self.backupCount = backupCount
If backupCount is > 0, when rollover is done, no more than backupCount
files are kept - the oldest ones are deleted.
"""
- def __init__(self, filename, when='h', interval=1, backupCount=0, encoding=None, delay=False, utc=False, atTime=None):
- BaseRotatingHandler.__init__(self, filename, 'a', encoding, delay)
+ def __init__(self, filename, when='h', interval=1, backupCount=0,
+ encoding=None, delay=False, utc=False, atTime=None,
+ errors=None):
+ BaseRotatingHandler.__init__(self, filename, 'a', encoding=encoding,
+ delay=delay, errors=errors)
self.when = when.upper()
self.backupCount = backupCount
self.utc = utc
This handler is based on a suggestion and patch by Chad J.
Schroeder.
"""
- def __init__(self, filename, mode='a', encoding=None, delay=False):
- logging.FileHandler.__init__(self, filename, mode, encoding, delay)
+ def __init__(self, filename, mode='a', encoding=None, delay=False,
+ errors=None):
+ logging.FileHandler.__init__(self, filename, mode=mode,
+ encoding=encoding, delay=delay,
+ errors=errors)
self.dev, self.ino = -1, -1
self._statstream()
-# Copyright 2001-2017 by Vinay Sajip. All Rights Reserved.
+# Copyright 2001-2019 by Vinay Sajip. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
# documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
"""Test harness for the logging module. Run all tests.
-Copyright (C) 2001-2017 Vinay Sajip. All Rights Reserved.
+Copyright (C) 2001-2019 Vinay Sajip. All Rights Reserved.
"""
import logging
self.assertEqual(new_string_io.getvalue().strip(),
'WARNING:root:warn\nINFO:root:info')
+ def test_encoding(self):
+ try:
+ encoding = 'utf-8'
+ logging.basicConfig(filename='test.log', encoding=encoding,
+ errors='strict',
+ format='%(message)s', level=logging.DEBUG)
+
+ self.assertEqual(len(logging.root.handlers), 1)
+ handler = logging.root.handlers[0]
+ self.assertIsInstance(handler, logging.FileHandler)
+ self.assertEqual(handler.encoding, encoding)
+ logging.debug('The Øresund Bridge joins Copenhagen to Malmö')
+ finally:
+ handler.close()
+ with open('test.log', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+ data = f.read().strip()
+ os.remove('test.log')
+ self.assertEqual(data,
+ 'The Øresund Bridge joins Copenhagen to Malmö')
+
+ def test_encoding_errors(self):
+ try:
+ encoding = 'ascii'
+ logging.basicConfig(filename='test.log', encoding=encoding,
+ errors='ignore',
+ format='%(message)s', level=logging.DEBUG)
+
+ self.assertEqual(len(logging.root.handlers), 1)
+ handler = logging.root.handlers[0]
+ self.assertIsInstance(handler, logging.FileHandler)
+ self.assertEqual(handler.encoding, encoding)
+ logging.debug('The Øresund Bridge joins Copenhagen to Malmö')
+ finally:
+ handler.close()
+ with open('test.log', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+ data = f.read().strip()
+ os.remove('test.log')
+ self.assertEqual(data, 'The resund Bridge joins Copenhagen to Malm')
+
+ def test_encoding_errors_default(self):
+ try:
+ encoding = 'ascii'
+ logging.basicConfig(filename='test.log', encoding=encoding,
+ format='%(message)s', level=logging.DEBUG)
+
+ self.assertEqual(len(logging.root.handlers), 1)
+ handler = logging.root.handlers[0]
+ self.assertIsInstance(handler, logging.FileHandler)
+ self.assertEqual(handler.encoding, encoding)
+ self.assertEqual(handler.errors, 'backslashreplace')
+ logging.debug('😂: ☃️: The Øresund Bridge joins Copenhagen to Malmö')
+ finally:
+ handler.close()
+ with open('test.log', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+ data = f.read().strip()
+ os.remove('test.log')
+ self.assertEqual(data, r'\U0001f602: \u2603\ufe0f: The \xd8resund '
+ r'Bridge joins Copenhagen to Malm\xf6')
+
+ def test_encoding_errors_none(self):
+ # Specifying None should behave as 'strict'
+ try:
+ encoding = 'ascii'
+ logging.basicConfig(filename='test.log', encoding=encoding,
+ errors=None,
+ format='%(message)s', level=logging.DEBUG)
+
+ self.assertEqual(len(logging.root.handlers), 1)
+ handler = logging.root.handlers[0]
+ self.assertIsInstance(handler, logging.FileHandler)
+ self.assertEqual(handler.encoding, encoding)
+ self.assertIsNone(handler.errors)
+
+ message = []
+
+ def dummy_handle_error(record):
+ _, v, _ = sys.exc_info()
+ message.append(str(v))
+
+ handler.handleError = dummy_handle_error
+ logging.debug('The Øresund Bridge joins Copenhagen to Malmö')
+ self.assertTrue(message)
+ self.assertIn("'ascii' codec can't encode "
+ "character '\\xd8' in position 4:", message[0])
+ finally:
+ handler.close()
+ with open('test.log', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+ data = f.read().strip()
+ os.remove('test.log')
+ # didn't write anything due to the encoding error
+ self.assertEqual(data, r'')
+
+
def _test_log(self, method, level=None):
# logging.root has no handlers so basicConfig should be called
called = []
--- /dev/null
+Added ``encoding`` and ``errors`` keyword parameters to ``logging.basicConfig``.
projects / python / commitdiff