.\" ......................................................................
.SS Operation
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-When operating \*(We, the two most important keys are the help ('h' or '?')
+When operating \*(We, the two most important keys are the help (h or ?)
key and quit ('q') key.
-Alternatively, you could simply use the traditional interrupt key ('^C')
+Alternatively, you could simply use the traditional interrupt key (^C)
when you're done.
When started for the first time, you'll be presented with these traditional
.nf
\fIGlobal-defaults\fR
- 'A' - Alt display Off (full-screen)
- * 'd' - Delay time 3.0 seconds
- * 'H' - Threads mode Off (summarize as tasks)
- 'I' - Irix mode On\ \ (no, 'solaris' smp)
- * 'p' - PID monitoring Off (show all processes)
- * 's' - Secure mode Off (unsecured)
- 'B' - Bold enable On\ \ (yes, bold globally)
+ A \- Alt display Off (full-screen)
+ * d \- Delay time 3.0 seconds
+ * H \- Threads mode Off (summarize as tasks)
+ I \- Irix mode On (no, 'solaris' smp)
+ * p \- PID monitoring Off (show all processes)
+ * s \- Secure mode Off (unsecured)
+ B \- Bold enable On (yes, bold globally)
\fISummary-Area-defaults\fR
- 'l' - Load Avg/Uptime On\ \ (thus program name)
- 't' - Task/Cpu states On\ \ (1+1 lines, see '1')
- 'm' - Mem/Swap usage On\ \ (2 lines worth)
- '1' - Single Cpu On\ \ (thus 1 line if smp)
+ l \- Load Avg/Uptime On (thus program name)
+ t \- Task/Cpu states On (1+1 lines, see '1')
+ m \- Mem/Swap usage On (2 lines worth)
+ 1 \- Single Cpu On (thus 1 line if smp)
\fITask-Area-defaults\fR
- 'b' - Bold hilite On\ \ (not 'reverse')
- * 'c' - Command line Off (name, not cmdline)
- * 'i' - Idle tasks On\ \ (show all tasks)
- 'J' - Num align right On\ \ (not left justify)
- 'j' - Str align right Off (not right justify)
- 'R' - Reverse sort On\ \ (pids high-to-low)
- * 'S' - Cumulative time Off (no, dead children)
- * 'u' - User filter Off (show euid only)
- * 'U' - User filter Off (show any uid)
- 'x' - Column hilite Off (no, sort field)
- 'y' - Row hilite On\ \ (yes, running tasks)
- 'z' - color/mono Off (no, colors)
+ b \- Bold hilite On (not 'reverse')
+ * c \- Command line Off (name, not cmdline)
+ * i \- Idle tasks On (show all tasks)
+ J \- Num align right On (not left justify)
+ j \- Str align right Off (not right justify)
+ R \- Reverse sort On (pids high-to-low)
+ * S \- Cumulative time Off (no, dead children)
+ * u \- User filter Off (show euid only)
+ * U \- User filter Off (show any uid)
+ x \- Column hilite Off (no, sort field)
+ y \- Row hilite On (yes, running tasks)
+ z \- color/mono Off (no, colors)
.fi
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
\*(CL
-The typically mandatory switches ('\-') and even whitespace are completely
+The typically mandatory switch ('\-') and even whitespace are completely
optional.
.TP 5
.TP 5
\-\fBb\fR\ \ :\fIBatch-mode\fR operation \fR
-Starts \*(We in 'Batch' mode, which could be useful for sending output
+Starts \*(We in Batch mode, which could be useful for sending output
from \*(We to other programs or to a file.
In this mode, \*(We will not accept input and runs until the iterations
limit you've set with the '\-n' \*(CO or until killed.
Fractional seconds are honored, but a negative number is not allowed.
In all cases, however, such changes are prohibited if \*(We is running
-in 'Secure mode', except for root (unless the 's' \*(CO was used).
-For additional information on 'Secure mode' \*(Xt 6a. SYSTEM Configuration File.
+in Secure mode, except for root (unless the 's' \*(CO was used).
+For additional information on Secure mode \*(Xt 6a. SYSTEM Configuration File.
.TP 5
\-\fBH\fR\ \ :\fIThreads-mode\fR operation \fR
.TP 5
\-\fBS\fR\ \ :\fICumulative-time\fR toggle \fR
Starts \*(We with the last remembered 'S' state reversed.
-When 'Cumulative time' mode is \*O, each process is listed with the \*(Pu
+When Cumulative time mode is \*O, each process is listed with the \*(Pu
time that it and its dead children have used.
\*(XC 'S' \*(CI for additional information regarding this mode.
.TP 5
\-\fBw\fR\ \ :\fIOutput-width-override\fR as:\ \ \fB-w\fR [\fB number\fR ] \fR
-In 'Batch' mode, when used without an argument \*(We will format
+In Batch mode, when used without an argument \*(We will format
output using the COLUMNS= and LINES= environment variables, if set.
Otherwise, width will be fixed at the maximum \*(WX columns.
With an argument, output width can be decreased or increased (up to \*(WX)
to format output using the COLUMNS= and LINES= environment variables, if set.
With an argument, output width can only be decreased, not increased.
Whether using environment variables or an argument with \-w, when\fI not\fR
-in 'Batch' mode actual terminal dimensions can never be exceeded.
+in Batch mode actual terminal dimensions can never be exceeded.
\*(NT Without the use of this \*(CO, output width is always based on the
-terminal at which \*(We was invoked whether or not in 'Batch' mode.
+terminal at which \*(We was invoked whether or not in Batch mode.
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH 2. SUMMARY Display
reported.
You toggle Threads mode with the 'H' \*(CI.
-Also for multi-processor environments, if 'Irix mode' is \*F, \*(We
-will operate in 'Solaris mode' where a task's \*(Pu usage will be
+Also for multi-processor environments, if Irix mode is \*F, \*(We
+will operate in Solaris mode where a task's \*(Pu usage will be
divided by the total number of \*(PUs.
-You toggle 'Irix/Solaris' modes with the 'I' \*(CI.
+You toggle Irix/Solaris modes with the 'I' \*(CI.
.TP 4
2.\fB %MEM \*(Em Memory Usage (RES) \fR
and each hierarchy is attached to one or more subsystems.
A subsystem represents a single resource.
-\*(NT The 'CGROUPS' field, unlike most columns, is not fixed-width.
+\*(NT The CGROUPS field, unlike most columns, is not fixed-width.
When displayed, it plus any other variable width columns will be allocated
all remaining screen width (up to the maximum \*(WX characters).
Even so, such variable width fields could still suffer truncation.
.TP 4
4.\fB CODE \*(Em Code Size (KiB) \fR
The amount of \*(MP devoted to executable code, also known as
-the 'text resident set' size or TRS.
+the Text Resident Set size or TRS.
.TP 4
5.\fB COMMAND \*(Em Command\fB Name\fR or Command\fB Line \fR
brackets, as in this example:
\fR[kthreadd]
-This field may also be impacted by the 'forest view' display mode.
+This field may also be impacted by the forest view display mode.
\*(XC 'V' \*(CI for additional information regarding that mode.
-\*(NT The 'COMMAND' field, unlike most columns, is not fixed-width.
+\*(NT The COMMAND field, unlike most columns, is not fixed-width.
When displayed, it plus any other variable width columns will be allocated
all remaining screen width (up to the maximum \*(WX characters).
Even so, such variable width fields could still suffer truncation.
.TP 4
6.\fB DATA \*(Em Data + Stack Size (KiB) \fR
The amount of \*(MP devoted to other than executable code, also known as
-the 'data resident set' size or DRS.
+the Data Resident Set size or DRS.
.TP 4
7.\fB ENVIRON \*(Em Environment variables \fR
These variables will be displayed in their raw native order, not the
sorted order you are accustomed to seeing with an unqualified 'set'.
-\*(NT The 'ENVIRON' field, unlike most columns, is not fixed-width.
+\*(NT The ENVIRON field, unlike most columns, is not fixed-width.
When displayed, it plus any other variable width columns will be allocated
all remaining screen width (up to the maximum \*(WX characters).
Even so, such variable width fields could still suffer truncation.
14.\fB PID \*(Em Process Id \fR
The task's unique process ID, which periodically wraps, though never
restarting at zero.
-In kernel terms, it is a dispatchable entity defined by a 'task_struct'.
+In kernel terms, it is a dispatchable entity defined by a task_struct.
This value may also be used as: a process group ID (\*(Xa PGRP);
a session ID for the session leader (\*(Xa SID);
16.\fB PR \*(Em Priority \fR
The scheduling priority of the task.
If you see 'rt' in this field, it means the task is running
-under 'real time' scheduling priority.
+under real time scheduling priority.
Under linux, real time priority is somewhat misleading since traditionally
the operating itself was not preemptible.
\fBT\fR = traced or stopped
\fBZ\fR = zombie
-Tasks shown as running should be more properly thought of as 'ready to run'
+Tasks shown as running should be more properly thought of as ready to run
\*(Em their task_struct is simply represented on the Linux run-queue.
Even without a true SMP machine, you may see numerous tasks in this state
depending on \*(We's delay interval and nice value.
inherited from a task's parent.
They are displayed in a comma delimited list.
-\*(NT The 'SUPGIDS' field, unlike most columns, is not fixed-width.
+\*(NT The SUPGIDS field, unlike most columns, is not fixed-width.
When displayed, it plus any other variable width columns will be allocated
all remaining screen width (up to the maximum \*(WX characters).
Even so, such variable width fields could still suffer truncation.
inherited from a task's parent.
They are displayed in a comma delimited list.
-\*(NT The 'SUPGRPS' field, unlike most columns, is not fixed-width.
+\*(NT The SUPGRPS field, unlike most columns, is not fixed-width.
When displayed, it plus any other variable width columns will be allocated
all remaining screen width (up to the maximum \*(WX characters).
Even so, such variable width fields could still suffer truncation.
28.\fB TGID \*(Em Thread Group Id \fR
The ID of the thread group to which a task belongs.
It is the PID of the thread group leader.
-In kernel terms, it represents those tasks that share an 'mm_struct'.
+In kernel terms, it represents those tasks that share an mm_struct.
.TP 4
29.\fB TIME \*(Em \*(PU Time \fR
Total \*(PU time the task has used since it started.
-When 'Cumulative mode' is \*O, each process is listed with the \*(Pu
+When Cumulative mode is \*O, each process is listed with the \*(Pu
time that it and its dead children have used.
-You toggle 'Cumulative mode' with 'S', which is both a \*(CO and an \*(CI.
+You toggle Cumulative mode with 'S', which is both a \*(CO and an \*(CI.
\*(XC 'S' \*(CI for additional information regarding this mode.
.TP 4
30.\fB TIME+ \*(Em \*(PU Time, hundredths \fR
-The same as 'TIME', but reflecting more granularity through hundredths
+The same as TIME, but reflecting more granularity through hundredths
of a second.
.TP 4
.TP 4
37.\fB WCHAN \*(Em Sleeping in Function \fR
-Depending on the availability of the kernel link map ('System.map'), this
+Depending on the availability of the kernel link map (System.map), this
field will show the name or the address of the kernel function in which the
task is currently sleeping.
Running tasks will display a dash ('\-') in this column.
Size: #, i, n
Sorting: <, >, f, F, R
4d.\fI Color-Mapping \fR
- <Ret>, a, B, b, H, M, q, S, T, w, z, 0 - 7
+ <Ret>, a, B, b, H, M, q, S, T, w, z, 0 \- 7
5b.\fI Commands-for-Windows \fR
- -, _, =, +, A, a, g, G, w
+ \-, _, =, +, A, a, g, G, w
5c.\fI Scrolling-a-Window \fR
C, Up, Dn, Left, Right, PgUp, PgDn, Home, End
5d.\fI Searching-in-a-Window \fR
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
The global \*(CIs are\fB always\fR available\fR in both \*(FM and \*(AM.
However, some of these \*(CIs are\fB not available\fR when running
-in 'Secure mode'.
+in Secure mode.
If you wish to know in advance whether or not your \*(We has been
secured, simply ask for help and view the system summary on the second
Removes restrictions on which tasks are shown.
This command will reverse any 'i' (idle tasks) and 'n' (max tasks)
commands that might be active.
-It also provides for an exit from pid monitoring, 'user' filtering
-and 'other' filtering.
+It also provides for an exit from PID monitoring, User filtering
+and Other filtering.
See the '\-p' \*(CO for a discussion of PID monitoring, the 'U' or 'u'
-\*(CIs for user filtering and the 'O' or 'o' \*(CIs for 'other' filtering.
+\*(CIs for User filtering and the 'O' or 'o' \*(CIs for Other filtering.
Additionally, any window that has been scrolled will be reset with
this command.
.TP 7
\ \ \ \fBB\fR\ \ :\fIBold-Disable/Enable\fR toggle \fR
-This command will influence use of the 'bold' terminfo capability and
+This command will influence use of the bold terminfo capability and
alters\fB both\fR the \*(SA and \*(TA for the \*(CW.
While it is intended primarily for use with dumb terminals, it can be
applied anytime.
.TP 7
\ \ \ \fBI\fR\ \ :\fIIrix/Solaris-Mode\fR toggle \fR
-When operating in 'Solaris mode' ('I' toggled \*F), a task's \*(Pu usage
+When operating in Solaris mode ('I' toggled \*F), a task's \*(Pu usage
will be divided by the total number of \*(PUs.
After issuing this command, you'll be told the new state of this toggle.
.nf
\fI key function \fR
- '=' alternate status\-line, file or pipeline
- '/' find, equivalent to 'L' locate
- 'n' find next, equivalent to '&' locate next
+ = alternate status\-line, file or pipeline
+ / find, equivalent to 'L' locate
+ n find next, equivalent to '&' locate next
<Space> scroll down, equivalent to <PgDn>
-
'b' scroll up, equivalent to <PgUp>
- 'g' first line, equivalent to <Home>
- 'G' last line, equivalent to <End>
+
b scroll up, equivalent to <PgUp>
+ g first line, equivalent to <Home>
+ G last line, equivalent to <End>
.fi
.TP 7
For details regarding this \*(CI \*(Xt 4d. COLOR Mapping.
.IP "*" 3
-The commands shown with an \*(AK are not available in 'Secure mode',
+The commands shown with an \*(AK are not available in Secure mode,
nor will they be shown on the level-1 help screen.
.\" ......................................................................
true SMP.
This portion of the \*(SA is also influenced by the 'H' \*(CI toggle,
-as reflected in the total label which shows either 'Tasks' or 'Threads'.
+as reflected in the total label which shows either Tasks or Threads.
.TP 7
\ \ \ \fBm\fR\ \ :\fIMemory/Swap-Usage\fR toggle \fR
1) there is insufficient\fI Screen Width \fR
2) the 'f' \*(CI turned it \*F
-\*(NT Whenever 'Searching' and/or 'Other Filtering' is active in a window,
+\*(NT Whenever Searching and/or Other Filtering is active in a window,
column highlighting is temporarily disabled.
\*(XC notes at the end of topics 5d. SEARCHING and 5e. FILTERING for an
explanation why.
.TP 7
\ \ \ \fBc\fR\ \ :\fICommand-Line/Program-Name\fR toggle \fR
-This command will be honored whether or not the 'COMMAND' column
+This command will be honored whether or not the COMMAND column
is currently visible.
Later, should that field come into view, the change you applied will be seen.
.TP 7
\ \ \ \fBS\fR\ \ :\fICumulative-Time-Mode\fR toggle \fR
-When 'Cumulative mode' is \*O, each process is listed with the \*(Pu
+When Cumulative mode is \*O, each process is listed with the \*(Pu
time that it and its dead children have used.
When \*F, programs that fork into many separate tasks will appear
states and see which representation you prefer.
After issuing this command, you'll be informed of the new state of this toggle.
-If you wish to know in advance whether or not 'Cumulative mode' is in
+If you wish to know in advance whether or not Cumulative mode is in
effect, simply ask for help and view the window summary on the second line.
.TP 7
\ \ \ \fBu\fR | \fBU\fR\ \ :\fIShow-Specific-User-Only \fR
You will be prompted for the\fB uid\fR or\fB name\fR of the user to display.
-The '\-u' option matches on \fB effective\fR user whereas the '\-U' option
+The \-u option matches on \fB effective\fR user whereas the \-U option
matches on\fB any\fR user (real, effective, saved, or filesystem).
Thereafter, in that \*(TW only matching users will be shown, or possibly
Since this is primarily a service to former \*(We users, these commands do
not appear on any help screen.
.nf
- \fI command sorted-field supported \fR
- A start time (non-display) \fB No \fR
- M %MEM Yes
- N PID Yes
- P %CPU Yes
- T TIME+ Yes
+ \fI command sorted-field supported \fR
+ A start time (non-display) \fB No \fR
+ M %MEM Yes
+ N PID Yes
+ P %CPU Yes
+ T TIME+ Yes
.fi
Before using any of the following sort provisions, \*(We suggests that you
The following \*(CIs will\fB only\fR be honored when the current sort field
is\fB visible\fR.
The sort field might\fI not\fR be visible because:
- 1) there is insufficient\fI Screen Width \fR
- 2) the 'f' \*(CI turned it \*F
+ 1) there is insufficient\fI Screen Width \fR
+ 2) the 'f' \*(CI turned it \*F
.TP 7
\ \ \ \fB<\fR\ \ :\fIMove-Sort-Field-Left \fR
\fB4\fR upper case letters to select a\fB target \fR
\fB8\fR numbers to select a\fB color \fR
normal toggles available \fR
- 'B' :bold disable/enable
- 'b' :running tasks "bold"/reverse
- 'z' :color/mono
+ B :bold disable/enable
+ b :running tasks "bold"/reverse
+ z :color/mono
other commands available \fR
- 'a'/'w' :apply, then go to next/prior
+ a/w :apply, then go to next/prior
<Enter> :apply and exit
- 'q' :abandon current changes and exit
+ q :abandon current changes and exit
.fi
If you use 'a' or 'w' to cycle the targeted window, you will
.TP 7
*\ \ \fB=\fR | \fB+\fR\ \ :\fIEqualize-(reinitialize)-Window(s) \fR
The '=' key forces the \*(CW's \*(TD to be visible.
-It also reverses any 'i' (idle tasks), 'n' (max tasks), 'u'/'U' (user filter)
-and 'o'/'O' (other filter) commands that might be active.
+It also reverses any 'i' (idle tasks), 'n' (max tasks), 'u/U' (user filter)
+and 'o/O' (other filter) commands that might be active.
Also, if the window had been scrolled, it will be reset with this command.
\*(XT 5c. SCROLLING a Window for additional information regarding vertical
and horizontal scrolling.
The '+' key does the same for all windows.
The four \*(TDs will reappear, evenly balanced.
They will also have retained any customizations you had previously
-applied, except for the 'i' (idle tasks), 'n' (max tasks), 'u'/'U'
-(user filter), 'o'/'O' (other filter) and scrolling \*(CIs.
+applied, except for the 'i' (idle tasks), 'n' (max tasks), 'u/U'
+(user filter), 'o/O' (other filter) and scrolling \*(CIs.
.TP 7
*\ \ \fBA\fR\ \ :\fIAlternate-Display-Mode\fR toggle \fR
*\ \ \fBa\fR | \fBw\fR\ \ :\fINext-Window-Forward/Backward \fR
This will change the \*(CW, which in turn changes the window to which
commands are directed.
-These keys act in a circular fashion so you can reach any desired \*(CW
+These keys act in a circular fashion so you can reach any desired window
using either key.
Assuming the window name is visible (you have not toggled 'l' \*F),
.IP "*" 3
The \*(CIs shown with an \*(AK have use beyond \*(AM.
.nf
- '=', 'A', 'g' are always available
- 'a', 'w' act the same with color mapping
- and fields management
+ =, A, g are always available
+ a, w act the same with color mapping
+ and fields management
.fi
.\" ......................................................................
The above \*(CIs are\fB always\fR available in \*(FM but\fB never\fR
available in \*(AM if the \*(CW's \*(TD has been toggled \*F.
-\*(NT Whenever a search key is typed, \*(We will turn column highlighting
-\*F to prevent false matches on internal non-display escape sequences.
+\*(NT Whenever a Search is active in a window, \*(We will turn
+column highlighting \*F to prevent false matches on internal non-display
+escape sequences.
Such highlighting will be restored when a window's search string is empty.
\*(XC 'x' \*(CI for additional information on sort column highlighting.
.\" ......................................................................
.SS 5e. FILTERING in a Window
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-You can use the 'Other Filter' feature to establish selection criteria which
+You can use this Other Filter feature to establish selection criteria which
will then determine which tasks are shown in the \*(CW.
Establishing a filter requires: 1) a field name; 2) an operator; and
while others have not, that data is no longer homogeneous.
If you establish a relational filter and you \fBhave\fR changed the
-default 'Numeric' or 'Character' \fIjustification\fR, that filter is likely to fail.
+default Numeric or Character \fIjustification\fR, that filter is likely to fail.
When a relational filter is applied to a memory field and you \fBhave not\fR
changed the \fIscaling\fR, it may produce misleading results.
This happens, for example, because '100.0m' (MiB) would appear greater
.B Potential Solutions
.RS +3
.P
-These examples illustrate how 'Other Filtering' can be creatively
+These examples illustrate how Other Filtering can be creatively
applied to achieve almost any desired result.
Single quotes are sometimes shown to delimit the spaces which are part of
a filter or to represent a request for status (^O) accurately.
.fi
.RS -3
-\*(NT When 'Other Filtering' is active, \*(We turns column highlighting
-\*F to prevent false matches on internal non-display escape sequences.
+\*(NT Whenever Other Filtering is active in a window, \*(We will turn
+column highlighting \*F to prevent false matches on internal non-display
+escape sequences.
Such highlighting will be restored when a window is no longer subject
to filtering.
\*(XC 'x' \*(CI for additional information on sort column highlighting.
.\" ......................................................................
.SS 6a. SYSTEM Configuration File
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-The presence of this file will influence which version of the 'help' screen
+The presence of this file will influence which version of the help screen
is shown to an ordinary user.
More importantly, it will limit what ordinary users are allowed
to do when \*(We is running.
Here is an example of the contents of\fI /etc/toprc\fR:
.nf
- s # line 1: 'secure' mode switch
- 5.0 # line 2: 'delay'\ \ interval in seconds
+ s # line 1: secure mode switch
+ 5.0 # line 2: delay interval in seconds
.fi
.\" ......................................................................
" # line c: summclr,msgsclr,headclr,taskclr
global # line 15: width, memory scaling & zeroes overrides
" # any remaining lines are devoted to the
- " # generalized 'inspect' provisions
+ " # generalized inspect provisions
" # discussed below
.fi
# next would have contained '\\t' ...
# file ^I <your_name> ^I /proc/%d/status
# but this will eliminate embedded '\\t' ...
- pipe ^I <your_name> ^I cat /proc/%d/status | expand -
+ pipe ^I <your_name> ^I cat /proc/%d/status | expand \-
.fi
The above example takes what could have been a 'file' entry but employs
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
.SH 7. STUPID TRICKS Sampler
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-Many of these 'tricks' work best when you give \*(We a scheduling boost.
+Many of these tricks work best when you give \*(We a scheduling boost.
So plan on starting him with a nice value of \-10, assuming you've got
the authority.
projects / procps-ng / commitdiff