.. method:: HTTPConnection.request(method, url, body=None, headers={})
This will send a request to the server using the HTTP request
- method *method* and the selector *url*. If the *body* argument is
- present, it should be string or bytes object of data to send after
- the headers are finished. Strings are encoded as ISO-8859-1, the
- default charset for HTTP. To use other encodings, pass a bytes
- object. The Content-Length header is set to the length of the
- string.
-
- The *body* may also be an open :term:`file object`, in which case the
- contents of the file is sent; this file object should support ``fileno()``
- and ``read()`` methods. The header Content-Length is automatically set to
- the length of the file as reported by stat. The *body* argument may also be
- an iterable and Content-Length header should be explicitly provided when the
- body is an iterable.
+ method *method* and the selector *url*.
+
+ If *body* is specified, the specified data is sent after the headers are
+ finished. It may be a string, a :term:`bytes-like object`, an open
+ :term:`file object`, or an iterable of :term:`bytes-like object`\s. If
+ *body* is a string, it is encoded as ISO-8851-1, the default for HTTP. If
+ it is a bytes-like object the bytes are sent as is. If it is a :term:`file
+ object`, the contents of the file is sent; this file object should support
+ at least the ``read()`` method. If the file object has a ``mode``
+ attribute, the data returned by the ``read()`` method will be encoded as
+ ISO-8851-1 unless the ``mode`` attribute contains the substring ``b``,
+ otherwise the data returned by ``read()`` is sent as is. If *body* is an
+ iterable, the elements of the iterable are sent as is until the iterable is
+ exhausted.
The *headers* argument should be a mapping of extra HTTP
headers to send with the request.
+ If *headers* does not contain a Content-Length item, one is added
+ automatically if possible. If *body* is ``None``, the Content-Length header
+ is set to ``0`` for methods that expect a body (``PUT``, ``POST``, and
+ ``PATCH``). If *body* is a string or bytes object, the Content-Length
+ header is set to its length. If *body* is a :term:`file object` and it
+ works to call :func:`~os.fstat` on the result of its ``fileno()`` method,
+ then the Content-Length header is set to the ``st_size`` reported by the
+ ``fstat`` call. Otherwise no Content-Length header is added.
+
.. versionadded:: 3.2
*body* can now be an iterable.
_is_legal_header_name = re.compile(rb'[^:\s][^:\r\n]*').fullmatch
_is_illegal_header_value = re.compile(rb'\n(?![ \t])|\r(?![ \t\n])').search
+# We always set the Content-Length header for these methods because some
+# servers will otherwise respond with a 411
+_METHODS_EXPECTING_BODY = {'PATCH', 'POST', 'PUT'}
+
class HTTPMessage(email.message.Message):
# XXX The only usage of this method is in
"""Send a complete request to the server."""
self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
- def _set_content_length(self, body):
- # Set the content-length based on the body.
+ def _set_content_length(self, body, method):
+ # Set the content-length based on the body. If the body is "empty", we
+ # set Content-Length: 0 for methods that expect a body (RFC 7230,
+ # Section 3.3.2). If the body is set for other methods, we set the
+ # header provided we can figure out what the length is.
thelen = None
- try:
- thelen = str(len(body))
- except TypeError as te:
- # If this is a file-like object, try to
- # fstat its file descriptor
+ method_expects_body = method.upper() in _METHODS_EXPECTING_BODY
+ if body is None and method_expects_body:
+ thelen = '0'
+ elif body is not None:
try:
- thelen = str(os.fstat(body.fileno()).st_size)
- except (AttributeError, OSError):
- # Don't send a length if this failed
- if self.debuglevel > 0: print("Cannot stat!!")
+ thelen = str(len(body))
+ except TypeError:
+ # If this is a file-like object, try to
+ # fstat its file descriptor
+ try:
+ thelen = str(os.fstat(body.fileno()).st_size)
+ except (AttributeError, OSError):
+ # Don't send a length if this failed
+ if self.debuglevel > 0: print("Cannot stat!!")
if thelen is not None:
self.putheader('Content-Length', thelen)
self.putrequest(method, url, **skips)
- if body is not None and ('content-length' not in header_names):
- self._set_content_length(body)
+ if 'content-length' not in header_names:
+ self._set_content_length(body, method)
for hdr, value in headers.items():
self.putheader(hdr, value)
if isinstance(body, str):
import errno
from http import client
import io
+import itertools
import os
import array
import socket
self.content_length = kv[1].strip()
list.append(self, item)
- # POST with empty body
- conn = client.HTTPConnection('example.com')
- conn.sock = FakeSocket(None)
- conn._buffer = ContentLengthChecker()
- conn.request('POST', '/', '')
- self.assertEqual(conn._buffer.content_length, b'0',
- 'Header Content-Length not set')
-
- # PUT request with empty body
- conn = client.HTTPConnection('example.com')
- conn.sock = FakeSocket(None)
- conn._buffer = ContentLengthChecker()
- conn.request('PUT', '/', '')
- self.assertEqual(conn._buffer.content_length, b'0',
- 'Header Content-Length not set')
+ # Here, we're testing that methods expecting a body get a
+ # content-length set to zero if the body is empty (either None or '')
+ bodies = (None, '')
+ methods_with_body = ('PUT', 'POST', 'PATCH')
+ for method, body in itertools.product(methods_with_body, bodies):
+ conn = client.HTTPConnection('example.com')
+ conn.sock = FakeSocket(None)
+ conn._buffer = ContentLengthChecker()
+ conn.request(method, '/', body)
+ self.assertEqual(
+ conn._buffer.content_length, b'0',
+ 'Header Content-Length incorrect on {}'.format(method)
+ )
+
+ # For these methods, we make sure that content-length is not set when
+ # the body is None because it might cause unexpected behaviour on the
+ # server.
+ methods_without_body = (
+ 'GET', 'CONNECT', 'DELETE', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'TRACE',
+ )
+ for method in methods_without_body:
+ conn = client.HTTPConnection('example.com')
+ conn.sock = FakeSocket(None)
+ conn._buffer = ContentLengthChecker()
+ conn.request(method, '/', None)
+ self.assertEqual(
+ conn._buffer.content_length, None,
+ 'Header Content-Length set for empty body on {}'.format(method)
+ )
+
+ # If the body is set to '', that's considered to be "present but
+ # empty" rather than "missing", so content length would be set, even
+ # for methods that don't expect a body.
+ for method in methods_without_body:
+ conn = client.HTTPConnection('example.com')
+ conn.sock = FakeSocket(None)
+ conn._buffer = ContentLengthChecker()
+ conn.request(method, '/', '')
+ self.assertEqual(
+ conn._buffer.content_length, b'0',
+ 'Header Content-Length incorrect on {}'.format(method)
+ )
+
+ # If the body is set, make sure Content-Length is set.
+ for method in itertools.chain(methods_without_body, methods_with_body):
+ conn = client.HTTPConnection('example.com')
+ conn.sock = FakeSocket(None)
+ conn._buffer = ContentLengthChecker()
+ conn.request(method, '/', ' ')
+ self.assertEqual(
+ conn._buffer.content_length, b'1',
+ 'Header Content-Length incorrect on {}'.format(method)
+ )
def test_putheader(self):
conn = client.HTTPConnection('example.com')
Mark Russell
Rusty Russell
Nick Russo
+James Rutherford
Chris Ryland
Constantina S.
Patrick Sabin
Library
-------
+- Issue #23539: If body is None, http.client.HTTPConnection.request now sets
+ Content-Length to 0 for PUT, POST, and PATCH headers to avoid 411 errors from
+ some web servers.
+
- Issue #22351: The nntplib.NNTP constructor no longer leaves the connection
and socket open until the garbage collector cleans them up. Patch by
Martin Panter.
projects / python / commitdiff