Linux (Xen) system:
</p>
- <example>
- top - 23:10:58 up 71 days, 6:14, 4 users, load average:
- 0.25, 0.53, 0.47<br />
- Tasks: 163 total, 1 running, 162 sleeping, 0 stopped,
- 0 zombie<br />
- Cpu(s): 11.6%us, 0.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 87.3%id, 0.4%wa,
- 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st<br />
- Mem: 2621656k total, 2178684k used, 442972k free,
- 100500k buffers<br />
- Swap: 4194296k total, 860584k used, 3333712k free,
- 1157552k cached<br />
- <br />
- PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+
- COMMAND<br />
- 16687 example_ 20 0 1200m 547m 179m S 45 21.4
- 1:09.59 httpd-worker<br />
- 15195 www 20 0 441m 33m 2468 S 0 1.3
- 0:41.41 httpd-worker<br />
- 1 root 20 0 10312 328 308 S 0 0.0 0:33.17
- init<br />
- 2 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00
- kthreadd<br />
- 3 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.14
- migration/0<br />
- 4 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:04.58
- ksoftirqd/0<br />
- 5 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 4:45.89
- watchdog/0<br />
- 6 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 1:42.52
- events/0<br />
- 7 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00
- khelper<br />
- 19 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00
- xenwatch<br />
- 20 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00
- xenbus<br />
- 28 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.14
- migration/1<br />
- 29 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.20
- ksoftirqd/1<br />
- 30 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:05.96
- watchdog/1<br />
- 31 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 1:18.35
- events/1<br />
- 32 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.08
- migration/2<br />
- 33 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.18
- ksoftirqd/2<br />
- 34 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:06.00
- watchdog/2<br />
- 35 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 1:08.39
- events/2<br />
- 36 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.10
- migration/3<br />
- 37 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.16
- ksoftirqd/3<br />
- 38 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:06.08
- watchdog/3<br />
- 39 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 1:22.81
- events/3<br />
- 68 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:06.28
- kblockd/0<br />
- 69 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.04
- kblockd/1<br />
- 70 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.04
- kblockd/2
- </example>
+ <example><pre>
+top - 23:10:58 up 71 days, 6:14, 4 users, load average: 0.25, 0.53, 0.47
+Tasks: 163 total, 1 running, 162 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
+Cpu(s): 11.6%us, 0.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 87.3%id, 0.4%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
+Mem: 2621656k total, 2178684k used, 442972k free, 100500k buffers
+Swap: 4194296k total, 860584k used, 3333712k free, 1157552k cached
+
+ PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
+16687 example_ 20 0 1200m 547m 179m S 45 21.4 1:09.59 httpd-worker
+15195 www 20 0 441m 33m 2468 S 0 1.3 0:41.41 httpd-worker
+ 1 root 20 0 10312 328 308 S 0 0.0 0:33.17 init
+ 2 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd
+ 3 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.14 migration/0
+ 4 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:04.58 ksoftirqd/0
+ 5 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 4:45.89 watchdog/0
+ 6 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 1:42.52 events/0
+ 7 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
+ 19 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 xenwatch
+ 20 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 xenbus
+ 28 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.14 migration/1
+ 29 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.20 ksoftirqd/1
+ 30 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:05.96 watchdog/1
+ 31 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 1:18.35 events/1
+ 32 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.08 migration/2
+ 33 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.18 ksoftirqd/2
+ 34 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:06.00 watchdog/2
+ 35 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 1:08.39 events/2
+ 36 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.10 migration/3
+ 37 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.16 ksoftirqd/3
+ 38 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:06.08 watchdog/3
+ 39 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 1:22.81 events/3
+ 68 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:06.28 kblockd/0
+ 69 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.04 kblockd/1
+ 70 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.04 kblockd/2</pre></example>
<p>Top is a wonderful tool even though it’s slightly resource
intensive (when running, its own process is usually in the
The output of free looks like this:
</p>
- <example>
- sctemme@brutus:~$ free<br />
- total used free shared buffers cached<br />
- Mem: 4026028 3901892 124136 0 253144
- 841044<br />
- -/+ buffers/cache: 2807704 1218324<br />
- Swap: 3903784 12540 3891244
- </example>
+ <example><pre>
+sctemme@brutus:~$ free
+ total used free shared buffers cached
+Mem: 4026028 3901892 124136 0 253144 841044
+-/+ buffers/cache: 2807704 1218324
+Swap: 3903784 12540 3891244
+ </pre></example>
</section>
<section id="vmstat">
</p>
- <example>
- [sctemme@GayDeceiver sctemme]$ vmstat 5 3<br />
- procs memory swap io
- system cpu<br />
- r b w swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in
- cs us sy i<br />
- 0 0 0 0 186252 6688 37516 0 0 12 5 47
- 311 0 1 9<br />
- 0 0 0 0 186244 6696 37516 0 0 0 16 41
- 314 0 0 10<br />
- 0 0 0 0 186236 6704 37516 0 0 0 9 44
- 314 0 0 100
- </example>
+ <example><pre>
+[sctemme@GayDeceiver sctemme]$ vmstat 5 3
+ procs memory swap io system cpu
+ r b w swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id
+ 0 0 0 0 186252 6688 37516 0 0 12 5 47 311 0 1 99
+ 0 0 0 0 186244 6696 37516 0 0 0 16 41 314 0 0 100
+ 0 0 0 0 186236 6704 37516 0 0 0 9 44 314 0 0 100
+ </pre></example>
<p>And this is output of a server that is under a load of one
hundred simultaneous connections fetching static content:
</p>
- <example>
- sctemme@GayDeceiver sctemme]$ vmstat 5 3<br />
- procs memory swap io
- system cpu<br />
- r b w swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in
- cs us sy id<br />
- 1 0 1 0 162580 6848 40056 0 0 11 5 150
- 324 1 1 98<br />
- 6 0 1 0 163280 6856 40248 0 0 0 66 6384
- 1117 42 25 32<br />
- 11 0 0 0 162780 6864 40436 0 0 0 61 6309
- 1165 33 28 40
- </example>
+ <example><pre>
+[sctemme@GayDeceiver sctemme]$ vmstat 5 3
+ procs memory swap io system cpu
+ r b w swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id
+ 1 0 1 0 162580 6848 40056 0 0 11 5 150 324 1 1 98
+ 6 0 1 0 163280 6856 40248 0 0 0 66 6384 1117 42 25 32
+11 0 0 0 162780 6864 40436 0 0 0 61 6309 1165 33 28 40
+ </pre></example>
<p>The first line gives averages since the last reboot. The
subsequent lines give information for five second
can be specified on a per module basis:
</p>
- <example>
+ <highlight language="config">
LogLevel debug mod_ssl:warn
- </example>
+ </highlight>
<p>
This puts all of the server in debug mode, except for
</p>
- <example>
- 195.54.228.42 - - [24/Mar/2007:23:05:11 -0400] "GET
- /sander/feed/ HTTP/1.1" 200 9747<br />
- 64.34.165.214 - - [24/Mar/2007:23:10:11 -0400] "GET
- /sander/feed/atom HTTP/1.1" 200 9068<br />
- 60.28.164.72 - - [24/Mar/2007:23:11:41 -0400] "GET /
- HTTP/1.0" 200 618<br />
- 85.140.155.56 - - [24/Mar/2007:23:14:12 -0400] "GET
- /sander/2006/09/27/44/ HTTP/1.1" 200 14172<br />
- 85.140.155.56 - - [24/Mar/2007:23:14:15 -0400] "GET
- /sander/2006/09/21/gore-tax-pollution/ HTTP/1.1" 200 15147<br />
- 74.6.72.187 - - [24/Mar/2007:23:18:11 -0400] "GET
- /sander/2006/09/27/44/ HTTP/1.0" 200 14172<br />
- 74.6.72.229 - - [24/Mar/2007:23:24:22 -0400] "GET
- /sander/2006/11/21/os-java/ HTTP/1.0" 200 13457
- </example>
+ <example><pre>
+195.54.228.42 - - [24/Mar/2007:23:05:11 -0400] "GET /sander/feed/ HTTP/1.1" 200 9747
+64.34.165.214 - - [24/Mar/2007:23:10:11 -0400] "GET /sander/feed/atom HTTP/1.1" 200 9068
+60.28.164.72 - - [24/Mar/2007:23:11:41 -0400] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 618
+85.140.155.56 - - [24/Mar/2007:23:14:12 -0400] "GET /sander/2006/09/27/44/ HTTP/1.1" 200 14172
+85.140.155.56 - - [24/Mar/2007:23:14:15 -0400] "GET /sander/2006/09/21/gore-tax-pollution/ HTTP/1.1" 200 15147
+74.6.72.187 - - [24/Mar/2007:23:18:11 -0400] "GET /sander/2006/09/27/44/ HTTP/1.0" 200 14172
+74.6.72.229 - - [24/Mar/2007:23:24:22 -0400] "GET /sander/2006/11/21/os-java/ HTTP/1.0" 200 13457
+ </pre></example>
<table>
<tr>
pre-rendered blog pages:
</p>
- <example>Listen *:8001<br />
- <VirtualHost *:8001><br />
- <indent>
- ServerName blog.sandla.org:8001<br />
- ServerAdmin sander@temme.net<br />
- DocumentRoot "/home/sctemme/inst/blog/httpd/htdocs"<br />
- <Directory
- "/home/sctemme/inst/blog/httpd/htdocs"><br />
- <indent>
- Options +Indexes<br />
- Order allow,deny<br />
- Allow from all<br />
- RewriteEngine on<br />
- RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f<br />
- RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d<br />
- RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /cgi-bin/blosxom.cgi/$1 [L,QSA]<br />
- </indent>
- </Directory><br />
- RewriteLog
- /home/sctemme/inst/blog/httpd/logs/rewrite_log<br />
- RewriteLogLevel 9<br />
- ErrorLog /home/sctemme/inst/blog/httpd/logs/error_log<br />
- LogLevel debug<br />
- CustomLog /home/sctemme/inst/blog/httpd/logs/access_log
- common<br />
- ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /home/sctemme/inst/blog/bin/<br />
- <Directory "/home/sctemme/inst/blog/bin"><br />
- <indent>
- Options +ExecCGI<br />
- Order allow,deny<br />
- Allow from all<br />
- </indent>
- </Directory><br />
- </indent>
- </VirtualHost>
- </example>
+<highlight language="config">
+Listen *:8001
+ <VirtualHost *:8001>
+ ServerName blog.sandla.org:8001
+ ServerAdmin sander@temme.net
+ DocumentRoot "/home/sctemme/inst/blog/httpd/htdocs"
+ <Directory
+ "/home/sctemme/inst/blog/httpd/htdocs">
+ Options +Indexes
+ Order allow,deny
+ Allow from all
+ RewriteEngine on
+ RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
+ RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
+ RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /cgi-bin/blosxom.cgi/$1 [L,QSA]
+ </Directory>
+ RewriteLog /home/sctemme/inst/blog/httpd/logs/rewrite_log
+ RewriteLogLevel 9
+ ErrorLog /home/sctemme/inst/blog/httpd/logs/error_log
+ LogLevel debug
+ CustomLog /home/sctemme/inst/blog/httpd/logs/access_log common
+ ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /home/sctemme/inst/blog/bin/
+ <Directory "/home/sctemme/inst/blog/bin">
+ Options +ExecCGI
+ Order allow,deny
+ Allow from all
+ </Directory>
+ </VirtualHost>
+</highlight>
<p>
The <directive>RewriteCond</directive>
configuration snippet in <code>httpd.conf</code>:
</p>
- <example>
- CacheRoot /raid1/cacheroot<br />
- CacheEnable disk /<br />
- # A page modified 100 minutes ago will expire in 10 minutes<br />
- CacheLastModifiedFactor .1<br />
- # Always check again after 6 hours<br />
- CacheMaxExpire 21600
- </example>
+<highlight language="config">
+CacheRoot /raid1/cacheroot
+CacheEnable disk /
+# A page modified 100 minutes ago will expire in 10 minutes
+CacheLastModifiedFactor .1
+# Always check again after 6 hours
+CacheMaxExpire 21600
+</highlight>
<p>This configuration will try to cache any and all content
within its virtual host. It will never cache content for
Unfortunately there does currently not exist a way to cache
these headers.
</p>
- <example>
- <FilesMatch \.(jpe?g|png|gif|js|css|x?html|xml)><br />
- <indent>
- FileETag None<br />
- </indent>
- </FilesMatch>
- </example>
+<highlight language="config">
+<FilesMatch \.(jpe?g|png|gif|js|css|x?html|xml)>
+ FileETag None
+</FilesMatch>
+</highlight>
<p>
This will disable the generation of the <code>ETag:</code>
projects / apache / commitdiff