+++ /dev/null
-.\" This file Copyright 1992, 1997 Michael K. Johnson <johnsonm@redhat.com>
-.\" and 1996 Charles L. Blake <cblake@bbn.com>
-.\" It may be distributed under the GNU Public License, version 2, or
-.\" any higher version. See section COPYING of the GNU Public license
-.\" for conditions under which this file may be redistributed.
-.TH PS 1 "3 Sep 1997" "Cohesive Systems" "Linux User's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-ps \- report process status
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-ps [\fBlujsvmaxScewhrnu\fR] [\fBt\fIxx\fR] \
-[\fBO\fR[\fB+\fR|\fB-\fR]\fIk1\fR[[\fB+\fR|\fB-\fR]\fIk2\fR...]] \
-[\fIpids\fR]
-
-there are also three long options:
-
-.BR \-\-sort\fIX [ + | - ] \fIkey [,[ + | - ] \fIkey [, ... ]]
-
-.B "\-\-help"
-
-.B "\-\-version"
-
-More long options are on the way...
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B "ps "
-gives a snapshot of the current processes. If you want a repetitive
-update of this status, use
-.BR top .
-This man page documents the
-.IR /proc -based
-version of
-.BR ps ,
-or tries to.
-.PP
-.SH "COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS"
-The command-line options for this version of
-.B ps
-are derived from the BSD version of
-.BR ps ,
-not the System V version.
-
-The command-line arguments should \fBnot\fP be preceeded by a `\-' character,
-because in the future, a `\-' will be used to indicate Unix98-standard
-command-line arguments, while no `\-' will indicate the current
-``extended BSD'' style of command line arguments.
-
-For now, ps will give you a warning if you use a `\-' for a short option,
-but it will still work. If you have shell scripts which use BSD-style
-arguments to ps, take heed of the warning and fix them, or else your
-scripts will fail to function correctly at some point in the future.
-If you want to turn off the warnings, set the
-.B I_WANT_A_BROKEN_PS
-environment variable.
-
-There are also some ``long options'' in GNU style; see below for those.
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "l "
-long format
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "u "
-user format: gives user name and start time
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "j "
-jobs format: pgid sid
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "s"
-signal format
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "v "
-vm format
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "m "
-displays memory info (combine with
-.B p
-flag to get number of pages).
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "f "
-"forest" family tree format for command line
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "a "
-show processes of other users too
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "x "
-show processes without controlling terminal
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "S "
-add child cpu time and page faults
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "c "
-command name from task_struct
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "e "
-show environment after command line and ` + '
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "w "
-wide output: don't truncate command lines to fit on one line.
-To be exact, every w that is specified will add another possible
-line to the output. If the space isn't needed it isn't used. You
-may up to 100
-.BR w 's.
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "h "
-no header
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "r "
-running procs only
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "n "
-numeric output for
-.BR USER " and " WCHAN .
-.PD 1
-.TP 0.5i
-.BI t xx
-only procs with controlling tty \fIxx\fR; for \fIxx\fR you may use either the
-name of a device file under "/dev" or that name with either
-.IR tty " or " cu
-sliced off. This is the reverse heuristic that ps uses to print out the
-abbreviated tty name in the \fBTT\fR field, e.g.
-.BR "ps t1" .
-.TP 0.5i
-.BR O [ + | - ] \fIk1 [,[ + | - ] \fIk2 [, ... ]]
-Order the process listing according to the multi-level sort specified by
-the sequence of \fIshort\fR keys from \fBSORT KEYS\fR, \fIk1\fR, \fIk2\fR, ...
-Default order specifications exist for each of the various formats of \fBps\fR.
-These are over-ridden by a user specified ordering. The `+' is quite optional,
-merely re-iterating the default direction on a key. `-' reverses direction only
-on the key it precedes. As with \fBt\fR and \fIpids\fR, the O option must be
-the last option in a single command argument, but specifications in successive
-arguments are catenated.
-.TP 0.5i
-.I pids
-List only the specified processes; they are comma-delimited. The
-list must be given immediately after the last option in a single command-line
-argument, with no intervening space, e.g.
-.BR "ps j1,4,5" .
-Lists specified in subsequent arguments are catenated, e.g.
-.B ps l 1,2 3,4 5 6
-will list all of the processes 1-6 in long format. If pids are given, they
-are listed no matter what. If a tty is given matching processes are listed
-no matter what. These two features override the 'a' and 'x' flags.
-.SH "LONG COMMAND\-LINE OPTIONS"
-These options are preceeded by a double\-hyphen.
-.TP 0.5i
-.BR \-\-sort\fIX [ + | - ] \fIkey [,[ + | - ] \fIkey [, ... ]]
-Choose a \fImulti-letter key\fR from the \fBSORT KEYS\fR section. \fIX\fR may be
-any convenient separator character. To be GNU-ish use `='. The `+' is really
-optional since default direction is increasing numerical or lexicographic order.
-E.g.:
-.B ps jax --sort=uid,-ppid,+pid
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "\-\-help"
-Get a help message that summarizes the usage and gives a list of
-supported sort keys. This list may be more up to date than this man
-page.
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "\-\-version"
-Display version and source of this program.
-.SH "SORT KEYS"
-Note that the values used in sorting are the internal values \fBps\fR uses and
-\fInot\fR the `cooked' values used in some of the output format fields. If
-someone wants to volunteer to write special comparison functions for the cooked
-values, ... ;-)
-
-SHORT LONG DESCRIPTION
-.PD 0
-.TP 0.5i
-c cmd simple name of executable
-.TP 0.5i
-C cmdline full command line
-.TP 0.5i
-f flags flags as in long format F field
-.TP 0.5i
-g pgrp process group ID
-.TP 0.5i
-G tpgid controlling tty process group ID
-.TP 0.5i
-j cutime cumulative user time
-.TP 0.5i
-J cstime cumulative system time
-.TP 0.5i
-k utime user time
-.TP 0.5i
-K stime system time
-.TP 0.5i
-m min_flt number of minor page faults
-.TP 0.5i
-M maj_flt number of major page faults
-.TP 0.5i
-n cmin_flt cumulative minor page faults
-.TP 0.5i
-N cmaj_flt cumulative major page faults
-.TP 0.5i
-o session session ID
-.TP 0.5i
-p pid process ID
-.TP 0.5i
-P ppid parent process ID
-.TP 0.5i
-r rss resident set size
-.TP 0.5i
-R resident resident pages
-.TP 0.5i
-s size memory size in kilobytes
-.TP 0.5i
-S share amount of shared pages
-.TP 0.5i
-t tty the minor device number of tty
-.TP 0.5i
-T start_time time process was started
-.TP 0.5i
-U uid user ID number
-.TP 0.5i
-u user user name
-.TP 0.5i
-v vsize total VM size in bytes
-.TP 0.5i
-y priority kernel scheduling priority
-.PD 1
-.SH "FIELD DESCRIPTIONS"
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "PRI "
-This is the counter field in the task struct. It is the time in
-.B HZ
-of the process's possible timeslice.
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "NI "
-Standard unix nice value; a positive value means less cpu time.
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "SIZE "
-Virtual image size; size of text+data+stack.
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "RSS "
-Resident set size; kilobytes of program in memory.
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "WCHAN "
-Name of the kernel function where the process is sleeping, with the
-.RB ` sys_ '
-stripped from the function name. If
-.I /etc/psdatabase
-does not exist, it is just a hex number instead.
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "STAT "
-Information about the status of the process. The first field is
-.B R
-for runnable,
-.B S
-for sleeping,
-.B D
-for uninterruptible sleep,
-.B T
-for stopped or traced, or
-.B Z
-for a zombie process. The second field contains
-.B W
-if the process has no resident pages. The third field is
-.B N
-if the process has a positive nice value
-.RB ( NI
-field).
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "TT "
-Controlling tty.
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "PAGEIN "
-Number of major page faults (page faults that cause pages to be read
-from disk, including pages read from the buffer cache).
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "TRS "
-Text resident size.
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "SWAP "
-Kilobytes (or pages if
-.B p
-is used) on swap device.
-.TP 0.5i
-.B "SHARE "
-Shared memory.
-.SH UPDATING
-This
-.BR proc -based
-.B ps
-works by reading the files in the
-.B proc
-filesystem, mounted on
-.BR /proc .
-This
-.B ps
-does not need to be suid
-.B kmem
-or have any privileges to run.
-.I "Do not give this ps any special permissions."
-.PP
-You will need to put in place the appropriate System.map file
-when you install a new kernel in order
-to get meaningful information from the
-.B WCHAN
-field. This should be done every time you compile a new kernel. You should
-also run 'ps' as root once and then any time the tty devices in the "/dev"
-directory change.
-
-As of procps-1.00, ps/top read System.map directly if it is available. The
-search path for kernel address-to-symbol resolution is:
-.nf
- $PS_SYSTEM_MAP
- /boot/System.map-`uname -r`
- /boot/System.map
- /lib/modules/`uname -r`/System.map
- /etc/psdatabase
- /boot/psdatabase-`uname -r`
- /boot/psdatabase,
- /lib/modules/`uname -r`/psdatabase
-.fi
-.PP
-.SH NOTES
-The member
-.B used_math
-of
-.B task_struct
-is not shown, since
-.B crt0.s
-checks to see if math is present. This causes the math flag to be set
-for all processes, and so it is worthless.
-.PP
-Programs swapped out to disk will be shown without command line
-arguments, and unless the
-.B c
-option is given, in parentheses.
-.PP
-.B %CPU
-shows the cputime/realtime percentage. It will not add up to 100%
-unless you are lucky. It is time used divided by the time the process
-has been running.
-.PP
-The
-.B SIZE
-and
-.B RSS
-fields don't count the page tables and the
-.B task_struct
-of a proc; this is at least 12k of memory that is always resident.
-.B SIZE
-is the virtual size of the proc (code+data+stack).
-.SH AUTHOR
-.B ps
-was originally written by Branko Lankester <lankeste@fwi.uva.nl>. Michael K.
-Johnson <johnsonm@redhat.com> re-wrote it significantly to use the proc
-filesystem, changing a few things in the process. Michael Shields
-<mjshield@nyx.cs.du.edu> added the pid-list feature. Charles
-Blake <cblake@bbn.com> added multi-level sorting, the dirent-style library, the
-device name-to-number mmaped database, the approximate binary search directly
-on System.map, and many code and documentation cleanups. David Mossberger-Tang
-wrote the generic BFD support for psupdate. Michael K. Johnson
-<johnsonm@redhat.com> is the current maintainer.
-
-Please send bug reports to <acahalan@cs.uml.edu>
projects / procps-ng / commitdiff