arguments. Returns an element instance.
-.. function:: tostring(element, encoding="us-ascii", method="xml")
+.. function:: tostring(element, encoding="us-ascii", method="xml", *, \
+ short_empty_elements=True)
Generates a string representation of an XML element, including all
subelements. *element* is an :class:`Element` instance. *encoding* [1]_ is
the output encoding (default is US-ASCII). Use ``encoding="unicode"`` to
generate a Unicode string (otherwise, a bytestring is generated). *method*
is either ``"xml"``, ``"html"`` or ``"text"`` (default is ``"xml"``).
+ *short_empty_elements* has the same meaning as in :meth:`ElementTree.write`.
Returns an (optionally) encoded string containing the XML data.
+ .. versionadded:: 3.4
+ The *short_empty_elements* parameter.
-.. function:: tostringlist(element, encoding="us-ascii", method="xml")
+
+.. function:: tostringlist(element, encoding="us-ascii", method="xml", *, \
+ short_empty_elements=True)
Generates a string representation of an XML element, including all
subelements. *element* is an :class:`Element` instance. *encoding* [1]_ is
the output encoding (default is US-ASCII). Use ``encoding="unicode"`` to
generate a Unicode string (otherwise, a bytestring is generated). *method*
is either ``"xml"``, ``"html"`` or ``"text"`` (default is ``"xml"``).
+ *short_empty_elements* has the same meaning as in :meth:`ElementTree.write`.
Returns a list of (optionally) encoded strings containing the XML data.
It does not guarantee any specific sequence, except that
``"".join(tostringlist(element)) == tostring(element)``.
.. versionadded:: 3.2
+ .. versionadded:: 3.4
+ The *short_empty_elements* parameter.
+
.. function:: XML(text, parser=None)
.. method:: write(file, encoding="us-ascii", xml_declaration=None, \
- method="xml")
+ method="xml", *, short_empty_elements=True)
Writes the element tree to a file, as XML. *file* is a file name, or a
:term:`file object` opened for writing. *encoding* [1]_ is the output
for only if not US-ASCII or UTF-8 or Unicode (default is ``None``).
*method* is either ``"xml"``, ``"html"`` or ``"text"`` (default is
``"xml"``).
+ The keyword-only *short_empty_elements* parameter controls the formatting
+ of elements that contain no content. If *True* (the default), they are
+ emitted as a single self-closed tag, otherwise they are emitted as a pair
+ of start/end tags.
The output is either a string (:class:`str`) or binary (:class:`bytes`).
This is controlled by the *encoding* argument. If *encoding* is
:term:`file object`; make sure you do not try to write a string to a
binary stream and vice versa.
+ .. versionadded:: 3.4
+ The *short_empty_elements* parameter.
+
This is the XML file that is going to be manipulated::
ET.tostring(root, 'utf-16'),
b''.join(ET.tostringlist(root, 'utf-16')))
+ def test_short_empty_elements(self):
+ root = ET.fromstring('<tag>a<x />b<y></y>c</tag>')
+ self.assertEqual(
+ ET.tostring(root, 'unicode'),
+ '<tag>a<x />b<y />c</tag>')
+ self.assertEqual(
+ ET.tostring(root, 'unicode', short_empty_elements=True),
+ '<tag>a<x />b<y />c</tag>')
+ self.assertEqual(
+ ET.tostring(root, 'unicode', short_empty_elements=False),
+ '<tag>a<x></x>b<y></y>c</tag>')
+
class ParseErrorTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_subclass(self):
encoding=None,
xml_declaration=None,
default_namespace=None,
- method=None):
+ method=None, *,
+ short_empty_elements=True):
if not method:
method = "xml"
elif method not in _serialize:
else:
qnames, namespaces = _namespaces(self._root, default_namespace)
serialize = _serialize[method]
- serialize(write, self._root, qnames, namespaces)
+ serialize(write, self._root, qnames, namespaces,
+ short_empty_elements=short_empty_elements)
def write_c14n(self, file):
# lxml.etree compatibility. use output method instead
add_qname(text.text)
return qnames, namespaces
-def _serialize_xml(write, elem, qnames, namespaces):
+def _serialize_xml(write, elem, qnames, namespaces,
+ short_empty_elements, **kwargs):
tag = elem.tag
text = elem.text
if tag is Comment:
if text:
write(_escape_cdata(text))
for e in elem:
- _serialize_xml(write, e, qnames, None)
+ _serialize_xml(write, e, qnames, None,
+ short_empty_elements=short_empty_elements)
else:
write("<" + tag)
items = list(elem.items())
else:
v = _escape_attrib(v)
write(" %s=\"%s\"" % (qnames[k], v))
- if text or len(elem):
+ if text or len(elem) or not short_empty_elements:
write(">")
if text:
write(_escape_cdata(text))
for e in elem:
- _serialize_xml(write, e, qnames, None)
+ _serialize_xml(write, e, qnames, None,
+ short_empty_elements=short_empty_elements)
write("</" + tag + ">")
else:
write(" />")
except NameError:
pass
-def _serialize_html(write, elem, qnames, namespaces):
+def _serialize_html(write, elem, qnames, namespaces, **kwargs):
tag = elem.tag
text = elem.text
if tag is Comment:
# @return An (optionally) encoded string containing the XML data.
# @defreturn string
-def tostring(element, encoding=None, method=None):
+def tostring(element, encoding=None, method=None, *,
+ short_empty_elements=True):
stream = io.StringIO() if encoding == 'unicode' else io.BytesIO()
- ElementTree(element).write(stream, encoding, method=method)
+ ElementTree(element).write(stream, encoding, method=method,
+ short_empty_elements=short_empty_elements)
return stream.getvalue()
##
def tell(self):
return len(self.lst)
-def tostringlist(element, encoding=None, method=None):
+def tostringlist(element, encoding=None, method=None, *,
+ short_empty_elements=True):
lst = []
stream = _ListDataStream(lst)
- ElementTree(element).write(stream, encoding, method=method)
+ ElementTree(element).write(stream, encoding, method=method,
+ short_empty_elements=short_empty_elements)
return lst
##
- Issue #16123: IDLE - deprecate running without a subprocess.
Patch by Roger Serwy.
+- Issue #14377: ElementTree.write and some of the module-level functions have
+ a new parameter - *short_empty_elements*. It controls how elements with no
+ contents are emitted.
+
- Issue #16089: Allow ElementTree.TreeBuilder to work again with a non-Element
element_factory (fixes a regression in SimpleTAL).
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