+----------------+--------------+------------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.6 | 2.5 | 2008 | PSF | yes |
+----------------+--------------+------------+------------+-----------------+
-| 3.0 | 2.6 | 2007 | PSF | yes |
+| 3.0 | 2.6 | 2008 | PSF | yes |
+----------------+--------------+------------+------------+-----------------+
.. note::
Invoking the Interpreter
========================
-The Python interpreter is usually installed as :file:`/usr/local/bin/python3.0`
+The Python interpreter is usually installed as :file:`/usr/local/bin/python3.1`
on those machines where it is available; putting :file:`/usr/local/bin` in your
Unix shell's search path makes it possible to start it by typing the command ::
- python3.0
+ python3.1
to the shell. [#]_ Since the choice of the directory where the interpreter lives
is an installation option, other places are possible; check with your local
popular alternative location.)
On Windows machines, the Python installation is usually placed in
-:file:`C:\\Python30`, though you can change this when you're running the
+:file:`C:\\Python31`, though you can change this when you're running the
installer. To add this directory to your path, you can type the following
command into the command prompt in a DOS box::
- set path=%path%;C:\python30
+ set path=%path%;C:\python31
Typing an end-of-file character (:kbd:`Control-D` on Unix, :kbd:`Control-Z` on
Windows) at the primary prompt causes the interpreter to exit with a zero exit
prints a welcome message stating its version number and a copyright notice
before printing the first prompt::
- $ python3.0
- Python 3.0a1 (py3k, Sep 12 2007, 12:21:02)
+ $ python3.1
+ Python 3.1a1 (py3k, Sep 12 2007, 12:21:02)
[GCC 3.4.6 20060404 (Red Hat 3.4.6-8)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
-.. XXX update for final release of Python 3.0
+.. XXX update for final release of Python 3.1
Continuation lines are needed when entering a multi-line construct. As an
example, take a look at this :keyword:`if` statement::
On BSD'ish Unix systems, Python scripts can be made directly executable, like
shell scripts, by putting the line ::
- #! /usr/bin/env python3.0
+ #! /usr/bin/env python3.1
(assuming that the interpreter is on the user's :envvar:`PATH`) at the beginning
of the script and giving the file an executable mode. The ``#!`` must be the
.. rubric:: Footnotes
-.. [#] On Unix, the 3.0 interpreter is by default not installed with the
+.. [#] On Unix, the 3.1 interpreter is by default not installed with the
executable named ``python``, so that it does not conflict with a
simultaneously installed Python 2.x executable.
>>> os.system('time 0:02')
0
>>> os.getcwd() # Return the current working directory
- 'C:\\Python30'
+ 'C:\\Python31'
>>> os.chdir('/server/accesslogs')
Be sure to use the ``import os`` style instead of ``from os import *``. This
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
d['primary'] # entry was automatically removed
- File "C:/python30/lib/weakref.py", line 46, in __getitem__
+ File "C:/python31/lib/weakref.py", line 46, in __getitem__
o = self.data[key]()
KeyError: 'primary'
/* Version parsed out into numeric values */
/*--start constants--*/
#define PY_MAJOR_VERSION 3
-#define PY_MINOR_VERSION 0
+#define PY_MINOR_VERSION 1
#define PY_MICRO_VERSION 0
-#define PY_RELEASE_LEVEL PY_RELEASE_LEVEL_GAMMA
-#define PY_RELEASE_SERIAL 3
+#define PY_RELEASE_LEVEL PY_RELEASE_LEVEL_ALPHA
+#define PY_RELEASE_SERIAL 0
/* Version as a string */
-#define PY_VERSION "3.0rc3+"
+#define PY_VERSION "3.1a0"
/*--end constants--*/
/* Subversion Revision number of this file (not of the repository) */
2.5 2.4 2006 PSF yes
2.5.1 2.5 2007 PSF yes
2.6 2.5 2008 PSF yes
- 3.0 2.6 2007 PSF yes
+ 3.0 2.6 2008 PSF yes
Footnotes:
#
#--start constants--
-__version__ = "3.0rc3"
+__version__ = "3.1a0"
#--end constants--
-IDLE_VERSION = "3.0rc3"
+IDLE_VERSION = "3.1a0"
======================================================================
+What's New in Python 3.0 final
+==============================
+
+*Release date: 03-Dec-2008*
+
+Core and Builtins
+-----------------
+
+- Issue #3996: On Windows, the PyOS_CheckStack function would cause the
+ interpreter to abort ("Fatal Python error: Could not reset the stack!")
+ instead of throwing a MemoryError.
+
+- Issue #3689: The list reversed iterator now supports __length_hint__
+ instead of __len__. Behavior now matches other reversed iterators.
+
+- Issue #4367: Python would segfault during compiling when the unicodedata
+ module couldn't be imported and \N escapes were present.
+
+- Fix build failure of _cursesmodule.c building with -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2.
+
+Library
+-------
+
+- Issue #4387: binascii now refuses to accept str as binary input.
+
+- Issue #4073: Add 2to3 support to build_scripts, refactor that support
+ in build_py.
+
+- IDLE would print a "Unhandled server exception!" message when internal
+ debugging is enabled.
+
+- Issue #4455: IDLE failed to display the windows list when two windows have
+ the same title.
+
+- Issue #3741: DISTUTILS_USE_SDK set causes msvc9compiler.py to raise an
+ exception.
+
+- Issue #4433: Fixed an access violation when garbage collecting
+ _ctypes.COMError instances.
+
+- Issue #4429: Fixed UnicodeDecodeError in ctypes.
+
+- Issue #4373: Corrected a potential reference leak in the pickle module and
+ silenced a false positive ref leak in distutils.tests.test_build_ext.
+
+- Issue #4382: dbm.dumb did not specify the expected file encoding for opened
+ files.
+
+- Issue #4383: When IDLE cannot make the connection to its subprocess, it would
+ fail to properly display the error message.
+
+Build
+-----
+
+- Issue #4407: Fix source file that caused the compileall step in Windows installer
+ to fail.
+
+Docs
+----
+
+- Issue #4449: Fixed multiprocessing examples
+
+- Issue #3799: Document that dbm.gnu and dbm.ndbm will accept string arguments
+ for keys and values which will be converted to bytes before committal.
+
+
+What's New in Python 3.0 release candidate 3?
+=============================================
+
+*Release date: 20-Nov-2008*
+
+
+Core and Builtins
+-----------------
+
+- Issue #4349: sys.path included a non-existent platform directory because of a
+ faulty Makefile.
+
+- Issue #3327: Don't overallocate in the modules_by_index list.
+
+- Issue #1721812: Binary set operations and copy() returned the input type
+ instead of the appropriate base type. This was incorrect because set
+ subclasses would be created without their __init__() method being called.
+ The corrected behavior brings sets into line with lists and dicts.
+
+- Issue #4296: Fix PyObject_RichCompareBool so that "x in [x]" evaluates to
+ True, even when x doesn't compare equal to itself. This was a regression
+ from 2.6.
+
+- Issue #3705: Command-line arguments were not correctly decoded when the
+ terminal does not use UTF8.
+
+Library
+-------
+
+- Issue #4363: The uuid.uuid1() and uuid.uuid4() functions now work even if
+ the ctypes module is not present.
+
+- FileIO's mode attribute now always includes ``"b"``.
+
+- Issue #3799: Fix dbm.dumb to accept strings as well as bytes for keys. String
+ keys are now written out in UTF-8.
+
+- Issue #4338: Fix distutils upload command.
+
+- Issue #4354: Fix distutils register command.
+
+- Issue #4116: Resolve member name conflict in ScrolledCanvas.__init__.
+
+- Issue #4307: The named tuple that ``inspect.getfullargspec()`` returns now
+ uses ``kwonlydefaults`` instead of ``kwdefaults``.
+
+- Issue #4298: Fix a segfault when pickle.loads is passed a ill-formed input.
+
+- Issue #4283: Fix a left-over "iteritems" call in distutils.
+
+Build
+-----
+
+- Issue #4389: Add icon to the uninstall entry in "add-and-remove-programs".
+
+- Issue #4289: Remove Cancel button from AdvancedDlg.
+
+- Issue #1656675: Register a drop handler for .py* files on Windows.
+
+Tools/Demos
+-----------
+
+- Demos of the socketserver module now work with Python 3.
+
+
+What's New in Python 3.0 release candidate 2
+============================================
+
+*Release date: 05-Nov-2008*
+
+Core and Builtins
+-----------------
+
+- Issue #4211: The __path__ attribute of frozen packages is now a list instead
+ of a string as required by PEP 302.
+
+- Issue #3727: Fixed poplib.
+
+- Issue #3714: Fixed nntplib by using bytes where appropriate.
+
+- Issue #1210: Fixed imaplib and its documentation.
+
+- Issue #4233: Changed semantic of ``_fileio.FileIO``'s ``close()``
+ method on file objects with closefd=False. The file descriptor is still
+ kept open but the file object behaves like a closed file. The ``FileIO``
+ object also got a new readonly attribute ``closefd``.
+
+- Issue #3626: On cygwin, starting python with a non-existent script name
+ would not display anything if the file name is only 1 character long.
+
+- Issue #4176: Fixed a crash when pickling an object which ``__reduce__``
+ method does not return iterators for the 4th and 5th items.
+
+- Issue #3723: Fixed initialization of subinterpreters.
+
+- Issue #4213: The file system encoding is now normalized by the
+ codec subsystem, for example UTF-8 is turned into utf-8.
+
+- Issue #4200: Changed the atexit module to store its state in its
+ PyModuleDef atexitmodule. This fixes a bug with multiple subinterpeters.
+
+- Issue #4237: io.FileIO() was raising invalid warnings caused by
+ insufficient initialization of PyFileIOObject struct members.
+
+- Issue #4170: Pickling a collections.defaultdict object would crash the
+ interpreter.
+
+- Issue #4146: Compilation on OpenBSD has been restored.
+
+- Issue #3574: compile() incorrectly handled source code encoded as Latin-1.
+
+- Issues #2384 and #3975: Tracebacks were not correctly printed when the
+ source file contains a ``coding:`` header: the wrong line was displayed, and
+ the encoding was not respected.
+
+- Issue #3740: Null-initialize module state.
+
+- Issue #3946: PyObject_CheckReadBuffer crashed on a memoryview object.
+
+- Issue #1688: On Windows, the input() prompt was not correctly displayed if it
+ contains non-ascii characters.
+
+- Bug #3951: Py_USING_MEMORY_DEBUGGER should not be enabled by default.
+
+Library
+-------
+
+- Issue #3664: The pickle module could segfault if a subclass of Pickler fails
+ to call the base __init__ method.
+
+- Issue #3725: telnetlib now works completely in bytes.
+
+- Issue #4072: Restore build_py_2to3.
+
+- Issue #4014: Don't claim that Python has an Alpha release status, in addition
+ to claiming it is Mature.
+
+- Issue #3187: Add sys.setfilesystemencoding.
+
+- Issue #3187: Better support for "undecodable" filenames. Code by Victor
+ Stinner, with small tweaks by GvR.
+
+- Issue #3965: Allow repeated calls to turtle.Screen, by making it a
+ true singleton object.
+
+- Issue #3911: ftplib.FTP.makeport() could give invalid port numbers.
+
+- Issue #3929: When the database cannot be opened, dbm.open() would incorrectly
+ raise a TypeError: "'tuple' object is not callable" instead of the expected
+ dbm.error.
+
+- Bug #3884: Make the turtle module toplevel again.
+
+- Issue #3547: Fixed ctypes structures bitfields of varying integer
+ sizes.
+
+Extension Modules
+-----------------
+
+- Issue #3659: Subclasses of str didn't work as SQL parameters.
+
+Build
+-----
+
+- Issue #4120: Exclude manifest from extension modules in VS2008.
+
+- Issue #4091: Install pythonxy.dll in system32 again.
+
+- Issue #4018: Disable "for me" installations on Vista.
+
+- Issue #4204: Fixed module build errors on FreeBSD 4.
+
+Tools/Demos
+-----------
+
+- Issue #3717: Fix Demo/embed/demo.c.
+
+- Issue #4072: Add a distutils demo for build_py_2to3.
+
+
+What's New in Python 3.0 release candidate 1
+============================================
+
+*Release date: 17-Sep-2008*
+
+Core and Builtins
+-----------------
+
+- Issue #3827: memoryview lost its size attribute in favor of using len(view).
+
+- Issue #3813: could not lanch python.exe via symbolic link on cygwin.
+
+- Issue #3705: fix crash when given a non-ascii value on the command line for
+ the "-c" and "-m" parameters. Now the behaviour is as expected under Linux,
+ although under Windows it fails at a later point.
+
+- Issue #3279: Importing site at interpreter was failing silently because the
+ site module uses the open builtin which was not initialized at the time.
+
+- Issue #3660: Corrected a reference leak in str.encode() when the encoder
+ does not return a bytes object.
+
+- Issue #3774: Added a few more checks in PyTokenizer_FindEncoding to handle
+ error conditions.
+
+- Issue #3594: Fix Parser/tokenizer.c:fp_setreadl() to open the file being
+ tokenized by either a file path or file pointer for the benefit of
+ PyTokenizer_FindEncoding().
+
+- Issue #3696: Error parsing arguments on OpenBSD <= 4.4 and Cygwin. On
+ these systems, the mbstowcs() function is slightly buggy and must be
+ replaced with strlen() for the purpose of counting of number of wide
+ characters needed to represent the multi-byte character string.
+
+- Issue #3697: "Fatal Python error: Cannot recover from stack overflow"
+ could be easily encountered under Windows in debug mode when exercising
+ the recursion limit checking code, due to bogus handling of recursion
+ limit when USE_STACKCHEK was enabled.
+
+- Issue 3639: The _warnings module could segfault the interpreter when
+ unexpected types were passed in as arguments.
+
+- Issue #3712: The memoryview object had a reference leak and didn't support
+ cyclic garbage collection.
+
+- Issue #3668: Fix a memory leak with the "s*" argument parser in
+ PyArg_ParseTuple and friends, which occurred when the argument for "s*"
+ was correctly parsed but parsing of subsequent arguments failed.
+
+- Issue #3611: An exception __context__ could be cleared in a complex pattern
+ involving a __del__ method re-raising an exception.
+
+- Issue #2534: speed up isinstance() and issubclass() by 50-70%, so as to
+ match Python 2.5 speed despite the __instancecheck__ / __subclasscheck__
+ mechanism. In the process, fix a bug where isinstance() and issubclass(),
+ when given a tuple of classes as second argument, were looking up
+ __instancecheck__ / __subclasscheck__ on the tuple rather than on each
+ type object.
+
+- Issue #3663: Py_None was decref'd when printing SyntaxErrors.
+
+- Issue #3651: Fix various memory leaks when using the buffer
+ interface, or when the "s#" code of PyArg_ParseTuple is given a
+ bytes object.
+
+- Issue #3657: Fix uninitialized memory read when pickling longs.
+ Found by valgrind.
+
+- Apply security patches from Apple.
+
+- Fix crashes on memory allocation failure found with failmalloc.
+
+- Fix memory leaks found with valgrind and update suppressions file.
+
+- Fix compiler warnings in opt mode which would lead to invalid memory reads.
+
+- Fix problem using wrong name in decimal module reported by pychecker.
+
+- Issue #3650: Fixed a reference leak in bytes.split('x').
+
+- bytes(o) now tries to use o.__bytes__() before using fallbacks.
+
+- Issue #1204: The configure script now tests for additional libraries
+ that may be required when linking against readline. This fixes issues
+ with x86_64 builds on some platforms (a few Linux flavors and OpenBSD).
+
+C API
+-----
+
+- PyObject_Bytes and PyBytes_FromObject were added.
+
+Library
+-------
+
+- Issue #3756: make re.escape() handle bytes as well as str.
+
+- Issue #3800: fix filter() related bug in formatter.py.
+
+- Issue #874900: fix behaviour of threading module after a fork.
+
+- Issue #3535: zipfile couldn't read some zip files larger than 2GB.
+
+- Issue #3776: Deprecate the bsddb package for removal in 3.0.
+
+- Issue #3762: platform.architecture() fails if python is lanched via
+ its symbolic link.
+
+- Issue #3660: fix a memory leak in the C accelerator of the pickle module.
+
+- Issue #3160: the "bdist_wininst" distutils command didn't work.
+
+- Issue #1658: tkinter changes dict size during iteration in both
+ tkinter.BaseWidget and tkinter.scrolledtext.ScrolledText.
+
+- The bsddb module (and therefore the dbm.bsd module) has been removed.
+ It is now maintained outside of the standard library at
+ http://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm.
+
+- Issue 600362: Relocated parse_qs() and parse_qsl(), from the cgi module
+ to the urlparse one. Added a DeprecationWarning in the old module, it
+ will be deprecated in the future.
+
+- Issue #3719: platform.architecture() fails if there are spaces in the
+ path to the Python binary.
+
+- Issue 3602: As part of the merge of r66135, make the parameters on
+ warnings.catch_warnings() keyword-only. Also remove a DeprecationWarning.
+
+- The deprecation warnings for the camelCase threading API names were removed.
+
+- Issue #3110: multiprocessing fails to compiel on solaris 10 due to missing
+ SEM_VALUE_MAX.
+
+Extension Modules
+-----------------
+
+- Issue #3782: os.write() must not accept unicode strings.
+
+- Issue #2975: When compiling several extension modules with Visual Studio 2008
+ from the same python interpreter, some environment variables would grow
+ without limit.
+
+- Issue #3643: Added a few more checks to _testcapi to prevent segfaults by
+ exploitation of poor argument checking.
+
+- bsddb code updated to version 4.7.3pre2. This code is the same than
+ Python 2.6 one, since the intention is to keep an unified 2.x/3.x codebase.
+ The Python code is automatically translated using "2to3". Please, do not
+ update this code in Python 3.0 by hand. Update the 2.6 one and then
+ do "2to3".
+
+- The _bytesio and _stringio modules are now compiled into the python binary.
+
+- Issue #3492 and #3790: Fixed the zlib module and zipimport module uses of
+ mutable bytearray objects where they should have been using immutable bytes.
+
+- Issue #3797: Fixed the dbm, marshal, mmap, ossaudiodev, & winreg modules to
+ return bytes objects instead of bytearray objects.
+
+
+Tools/Demos
+-----------
+
+- Fix Misc/gdbinit so it works.
+
+
+Build
+-----
+
+- Issue #3812: Failed to build python if configure --without-threads.
+
+- Issue #3791: Remove the bsddb module from the Windows installer, and the
+ core bsddb library from the Windows build files.
+
+
+What's new in Python 3.0b3?
+===========================
+
+*Release date: 20-Aug-2008*
+
+Core and Builtins
+-----------------
+
+- Issue #3653: Fix a segfault when sys.excepthook was called with invalid
+ arguments.
+
+- Issue #2394: implement more of the memoryview API, with the caveat that
+ only one-dimensional contiguous buffers are supported and exercised right
+ now. Slicing, slice assignment and comparison (equality and inequality)
+ have been added. Also, the tolist() method has been implemented, but only
+ for byte buffers. Endly, the API has been updated to return bytes objects
+ wherever it used to return bytearrays.
+
+- Issue #3560: clean up the new C PyMemoryView API so that naming is
+ internally consistent; add macros PyMemoryView_GET_BASE() and
+ PyMemoryView_GET_BUFFER() to access useful properties of a memory views
+ without relying on a particular implementation; remove the ill-named
+ PyMemoryView() function (PyMemoryView_GET_BUFFER() can be used instead).
+
+- ctypes function pointers that are COM methods have a boolean True
+ value again.
+
+- Issue #1819: function calls with several named parameters are now on
+ average 35% faster (as measured by pybench).
+
+- The undocumented C APIs PyUnicode_AsString() and
+ PyUnicode_AsStringAndSize() were made private to the interpreter, in
+ order to be able to refine their interfaces for Python 3.1.
+
+ If you need to access the UTF-8 representation of a Unicode object
+ as bytes string, please use PyUnicode_AsUTF8String() instead.
+
+- Issue #3460: PyUnicode_Join() implementation is 10% to 80% faster thanks
+ to Python 3.0's stricter semantics which allow to avoid successive
+ reallocations of the result string (this also affects str.join()).
+
+
+Library
+-------
+
+- Issue #1276: Added temporary aliases for CJK Mac encodings to resolve
+ a build problem on MacOS with CJK locales. It adds four temporary
+ mappings to existing legacy codecs that are virtually compatible
+ with Mac encodings. They will be replaced by codecs correctly
+ implemented in 3.1.
+
+- Issue #3614: Corrected a typo in xmlrpc.client, leading to a NameError
+ "global name 'header' is not defined".
+
+- Issue #2834: update the regular expression library to match the unicode
+ standards of py3k. In other words, mixing bytes and unicode strings
+ (be it as pattern, search string or replacement string) raises a TypeError.
+ Moreover, the re.UNICODE flag is enabled automatically for unicode patterns,
+ and can be disabled by specifying a new re.ASCII flag; as for bytes
+ patterns, ASCII matching is the only option and trying to specify re.UNICODE
+ for such patterns raises a ValueError.
+
+- Issue #3300: make urllib.parse.[un]quote() default to UTF-8.
+ Code contributed by Matt Giuca. quote() now encodes the input
+ before quoting, unquote() decodes after unquoting. There are
+ new arguments to change the encoding and errors settings.
+ There are also new APIs to skip the encode/decode steps.
+ [un]quote_plus() are also affected.
+
+- Issue #2235: numbers.Number now blocks inheritance of the default id()
+ based hash because that hash mechanism is not correct for numeric types.
+ All concrete numeric types that inherit from Number (rather than just
+ registering with it) must explicitly provide a hash implementation in
+ order for their instances to be hashable.
+
+- Issue #2676: in the email package, content-type parsing was hanging on
+ pathological input because of quadratic or exponential behaviour of a
+ regular expression.
+
+- Issue #3476: binary buffered reading through the new "io" library is now
+ thread-safe.
+
+- Issue #1342811: Fix leak in Tkinter.Menu.delete. Commands associated to
+ menu entries were not deleted.
+
+- Remove the TarFileCompat class from tarfile.py.
+
+- Issue #2491: os.fdopen is now almost an alias for the built-in open(), and
+ accepts the same parameters. It just checks that its first argument is an
+ integer.
+
+- Issue #3394: zipfile.writestr sets external attributes when passed a
+ file name rather than a ZipInfo instance, so files are extracted with
+ mode 0600 rather than 000 under Unix.
+
+- Issue #2523: Fix quadratic behaviour when read()ing a binary file without
+ asking for a specific length.
+
+Extension Modules
+-----------------
+
+- Bug #3542: Support Unicode strings in _msi module.
+
+What's new in Python 3.0b2?
+===========================
+
+*Release date: 17-Jul-2008*
+
+Core and Builtins
+-----------------
+
+- Issue #3008: the float type has a new instance method 'float.hex'
+ and a new class method 'float.fromhex' to convert floating-point
+ numbers to and from hexadecimal strings, respectively.
+
+- Issue #3083: Add alternate (#) formatting for bin, oct, hex output
+ for str.format(). This adds the prefix 0b, 0o, or 0x, respectively.
+
+- Issue #3280: like chr(), the "%c" format now accepts unicode code points
+ beyond the Basic Multilingual Plane (above 0xffff) on all configurations. On
+ "narrow Unicode" builds, the result is a string of 2 code units, forming a
+ UTF-16 surrogate pair.
+
+- Issue #3282: str.isprintable() should return False for undefined
+ Unicode characters.
+
+- Issue #3236: Return small longs from PyLong_FromString.
+
+- Exception tracebacks now support exception chaining.
+
+Library
+-------
+
+- Removed the sunaudio module. Use sunau instead.
+
+- Issue #3554: ctypes.string_at and ctypes.wstring_at did call Python
+ api functions without holding the GIL, which could lead to a fatal
+ error when they failed.
+
+- Issue #799428: Fix Tkinter.Misc._nametowidget to unwrap Tcl command objects.
+
+- Removed "ast" function aliases from the parser module.
+
+- Issue #3313: Fixed a crash when a failed dlopen() call does not set
+ a valid dlerror() message.
+
+- Issue #3258: Fixed a crash when a ctypes POINTER type to an
+ incomplete structure was created.
+
+- Issue #2683: Fix inconsistency in subprocess.Popen.communicate(): the
+ argument now must be a bytes object in any case.
+
+- Issue #3145: help("modules whatever") failed when trying to load the source
+ code of every single module of the standard library, including invalid files
+ used in the test suite.
+
+- The gettext library now consistently uses Unicode strings for message ids
+ and message strings, and ``ugettext()`` and the like don't exist anymore.
+
+- The traceback module has been expanded to handle chained exceptions.
+
+C API
+-----
+
+- Issue #3247: the function Py_FindMethod was removed. Modern types should
+ use the tp_methods slot instead.
+
+Tools/Demos
+-----------
+
+- The Mac/Demos directory has been removed.
+
+- All of the Mac scripts have been removed (including BuildApplet.py).
+
+
+What's new in Python 3.0b1?
+===========================
+
+*Release date: 18-Jun-2008*
+
+Core and Builtins
+-----------------
+
+- Issue #3211: warnings.warn_explicit() did not guard against its 'registry'
+ argument being anything other than a dict or None. Also fixed a bug in error
+ handling when 'message' and 'category' were both set to None, triggering a
+ bus error.
+
+- Issue #3100: Corrected a crash on deallocation of a subclassed weakref which
+ holds the last (strong) reference to its referent.
+
+- Issue #2630: implement PEP 3138. repr() now returns printable
+ Unicode characters unescaped, to get an ASCII-only representation
+ of an object use ascii().
+
+- Issue #1342: On windows, Python could not start when installed in a
+ directory with non-ascii characters.
+
+- Implement PEP 3121: new module initialization and finalization API.
+
+- Removed the already-defunct ``-t`` option.
+
+- Issue #2957: Corrected a ValueError "recursion limit exceeded", when
+ unmarshalling many code objects, which happens when importing a
+ large .pyc file (~1000 functions).
+
+- Issue #2963: fix merging oversight that disabled method cache for
+ all types.
+
+- Issue #2964: fix a missing INCREF in instancemethod_descr_get.
+
+- Issue #2895: Don't crash when given bytes objects as keyword names.
+
+- Issue #2798: When parsing arguments with PyArg_ParseTuple, the "s"
+ code now allows any unicode string and returns a utf-8 encoded
+ buffer, just like the "s#" code already does. The "z" code was
+ corrected as well.
+
+- Issue #2863: generators now have a ``gen.__name__`` attribute that
+ equals ``gen.gi_code.co_name``, like ``func.__name___`` that equals
+ ``func.func_code.co_name``. The repr() of a generator now also
+ contains this name.
+
+- Issue #2831: enumerate() now has a ``start`` argument.
+
+- Issue #2801: fix bug in the float.is_integer method where a
+ ValueError was sometimes incorrectly raised.
+
+- The ``--with-toolbox-glue`` option (and the associated
+ pymactoolbox.h) have been removed.
+
+- Issue #2196: hasattr() now lets exceptions which do not inherit
+ Exception (KeyboardInterrupt, and SystemExit) propagate instead of
+ ignoring them.
+
+- #3021 Exception reraising sematics have been significantly improved. However,
+ f_exc_type, f_exc_value, and f_exc_traceback cannot be accessed from Python
+ code anymore.
+
+- Three of PyNumberMethods' members, nb_coerce, nb_hex, and nb_oct, have been
+ removed.
+
+Extension Modules
+-----------------
+
+- Renamed ``_winreg`` module to ``winreg``.
+
+- Support os.O_ASYNC and fcntl.FASYNC if the constants exist on the
+ platform.
+
+- Support for Windows 9x has been removed from the winsound module.
+
+- Issue #2870: cmathmodule.c compile error.
+
+Library
+-------
+
+- The methods ``is_in_tuple()``, ``is_vararg()``, and ``is_keywordarg()`` of
+ symtable.Symbol have been removed.
+
+- Patch #3133: http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler did not work on windows.
+
+- a new ``urllib`` package was created. It consists of code from
+ ``urllib``, ``urllib2``, ``urlparse``, and ``robotparser``. The old
+ modules have all been removed. The new package has five submodules:
+ ``urllib.parse``, ``urllib.request``, ``urllib.response``,
+ ``urllib.error``, and ``urllib.robotparser``. The
+ ``urllib.request.urlopen()`` function uses the url opener from
+ ``urllib2``. (Note that the unittests have not been renamed for the
+ beta, but they will be renamed in the future.)
+
+- rfc822 has been removed in favor of the email package.
+
+- mimetools has been removed in favor of the email package.
+
+- Patch #2849: Remove use of rfc822 module from standard library.
+
+- Added C optimized implementation of io.StringIO.
+
+- The ``pickle`` module is now automatically use an optimized C
+ implementation of Pickler and Unpickler when available. The
+ ``cPickle`` module is no longer needed.
+
+- Removed the ``htmllib`` and ``sgmllib`` modules.
+
+- The deprecated ``SmartCookie`` and ``SimpleCookie`` classes have
+ been removed from ``http.cookies``.
+
+- The ``commands`` module has been removed. Its getoutput() and
+ getstatusoutput() functions have been moved to the ``subprocess`` module.
+
+- The ``http`` package was created; it contains the old ``httplib``
+ as ``http.client``, ``Cookie`` as ``http.cookies``, ``cookielib``
+ as ``http.cookiejar``, and the content of the three ``HTTPServer``
+ modules as ``http.server``.
+
+- The ``xmlrpc`` package was created; it contains the old
+ ``xmlrpclib`` module as ``xmlrpc.client`` and the content of
+ the old ``SimpleXMLRPCServer`` and ``DocXMLRPCServer`` modules
+ as ``xmlrpc.server``.
+
+- The ``dbm`` package was created, containing the old modules
+ ``anydbm`` and ``whichdb`` in its ``__init__.py``, and having
+ ``dbm.gnu`` (was ``gdbm``), ``dbm.bsd`` (was ``dbhash``),
+ ``dbm.ndbm`` (was ``dbm``) and ``dbm.dumb`` (was ``dumbdbm``)
+ as submodules.
+
+- The ``repr`` module has been renamed to ``reprlib``.
+
+- The ``statvfs`` module has been removed.
+
+- Issue #1713041: fix pprint's handling of maximum depth.
+
+- Issue #2250: Exceptions raised during evaluation of names in
+ rlcompleter's ``Completer.complete()`` method are now caught and
+ ignored.
+
+- Patch #2659: Added ``break_on_hyphens`` option to textwrap's
+ ``TextWrapper`` class.
+
+- Issue #2487: change the semantics of math.ldexp(x, n) when n is too
+ large to fit in a C long. ldexp(x, n) now returns a zero (with
+ suitable sign) if n is large and negative; previously, it raised
+ OverflowError.
+
+- The ``ConfigParser`` module has been renamed to ``configparser``.
+
+- Issue #2865: webbrowser.open() works again in a KDE environment.
+
+- The ``multifile`` module has been removed.
+
+- The ``SocketServer`` module has been renamed to ``socketserver``.
+
+- Fixed the ``__all__`` setting on ``collections`` to include
+ ``UserList`` and ``UserString``.
+
+- The sre module has been removed.
+
+- The Queue module has been renamed to queue.
+
+- The copy_reg module has been renamed to copyreg.
+
+- The mhlib module has been removed.
+
+- The ihooks module has been removed.
+
+- The fpformat module has been removed.
+
+- The dircache module has been removed.
+
+- The Canvas module has been removed.
+
+- The Decimal module gained the magic methods __round__, __ceil__,
+ __floor__ and __trunc__, to give support for round, math.ceil,
+ math.floor and math.trunc.
+
+- The user module has been removed.
+
+- The mutex module has been removed.
+
+- The imputil module has been removed.
+
+- os.path.walk has been removed in favor of os.walk.
+
+- pdb gained the "until" command.
+
+- The test.test_support module has been renamed to test.support.
+
+- The threading module API was renamed to be PEP 8 compliant. The
+ old names are still present, but will be removed in the near future.
+
+Tools/Demos
+-----------
+
+- The bgen tool has been removed.
+
+Build
+-----
+
+
+What's New in Python 3.0a5?
+===========================
+
+*Release date: 08-May-2008*
+
+Core and Builtins
+-----------------
+
+- Fixed misbehaviour of PyLong_FromSsize_t on systems where
+ sizeof(size_t) > sizeof(long).
+
+- Issue #2221: Corrected a SystemError "error return without exception
+ set", when the code executed by exec() raises an exception, and
+ sys.stdout.flush() also raises an error.
+
+- Bug #2565: The repr() of type objects now calls them 'class', not
+ 'type' - whether they are builtin types or not.
+
+- The command line processing was converted to pass Unicode strings
+ through as unmodified as possible; as a consequence, the C API
+ related to command line arguments was changed to use wchar_t.
+
+- All backslashes in raw strings are interpreted literally. This
+ means that '\u' and '\U' escapes are not treated specially.
+
+Extension Modules
+-----------------
+
+Library
+-------
+
+- ctypes objects now support the PEP3118 buffer interface.
+
+- Issue #2682: ctypes callback functions now longer contain a cyclic
+ reference to themselves.
+
+- Issue #2058: Remove the buf attribute and add __slots__ to the
+ TarInfo class in order to reduce tarfile's memory usage.
+
+- Bug #2606: Avoid calling .sort() on a dict_keys object.
+
+- The bundled libffi copy is now in sync with the recently released
+ libffi3.0.5 version, apart from some small changes to
+ Modules/_ctypes/libffi/configure.ac.
+
+Build
+-----
+
+- Issue #1496032: On alpha, use -mieee when gcc is the compiler.
+
+- "make install" is now an alias for "make altinstall", to prevent
+ accidentally overwriting a Python 2.x installation. Use "make
+ fullinstall" to force Python 3.0 to be installed as "python".
+
+- Issue #2544: On HP-UX systems, use 'gcc -shared' for linking when
+ gcc is used as compiler.
+
+
+What's New in Python 3.0a4?
+===========================
+
+*Release date: 02-Apr-2008*
+
+Core and Builtins
+-----------------
+
+- Bug #2301: Don't try decoding the source code into the original
+ encoding for syntax errors.
+
+Extension Modules
+-----------------
+
+- The dl module was removed, use the ctypes module instead.
+
+- Use wchar_t functions in _locale module.
+
+Library
+-------
+
+- The class distutils.commands.build_py.build_py_2to3 can be used as a
+ build_py replacement to automatically run 2to3 on modules that are
+ going to be installed.
+
+- A new pickle protocol (protocol 3) is added with explicit support
+ for bytes. This is the default protocol. It intentionally cannot
+ be unpickled by Python 2.x.
+
+- When a pickle written by Python 2.x contains an (8-bit) str
+ instance, this is now decoded to a (Unicode) str instance. The
+ encoding used to do this defaults to ASCII, but can be overridden
+ via two new keyword arguments to the Unpickler class. Previously
+ this would create bytes instances, which is usually wrong: str
+ instances are often used to pickle attribute names etc., and text is
+ more common than binary data anyway.
+
+- Default to ASCII as the locale.getpreferredencoding, if the POSIX
+ system doesn't support CODESET and LANG isn't set or doesn't allow
+ deduction of an encoding.
+
+- Issue #1202: zlib.crc32 and zlib.adler32 now return an unsigned
+ value.
+
+- Issue #719888: Updated tokenize to use a bytes API. generate_tokens
+ has been renamed tokenize and now works with bytes rather than
+ strings. A new detect_encoding function has been added for
+ determining source file encoding according to PEP-0263. Token
+ sequences returned by tokenize always start with an ENCODING token
+ which specifies the encoding used to decode the file. This token is
+ used to encode the output of untokenize back to bytes.
+
+
+What's New in Python 3.0a3?
+===========================
+
+*Release date: 29-Feb-2008*
+
+Core and Builtins
+-----------------
+
+- Issue #2282: io.TextIOWrapper was not overriding seekable() from
+ io.IOBase.
+
+- Issue #2115: Important speedup in setting __slot__ attributes. Also
+ prevent a possible crash: an Abstract Base Class would try to access
+ a slot on a registered virtual subclass.
+
+- Fixed repr() and str() of complex numbers with infinity or nan as
+ real or imaginary part.
+
+- Clear all free list during a gc.collect() of the highest generation
+ in order to allow pymalloc to free more arenas. Python may give back
+ memory to the OS earlier.
+
+- Issue #2045: Fix an infinite recursion triggered when printing a
+ subclass of collections.defaultdict, if its default_factory is set
+ to a bound method.
+
+- Fixed a minor memory leak in dictobject.c. The content of the free
+ list was not freed on interpreter shutdown.
+
+- Limit free list of method and builtin function objects to 256
+ entries each.
+
+- Patch #1953: Added ``sys._compact_freelists()`` and the C API
+ functions ``PyInt_CompactFreeList`` and ``PyFloat_CompactFreeList``
+ to compact the internal free lists of pre-allocted ints and floats.
+
+- Bug #1983: Fixed return type of fork(), fork1() and forkpty() calls.
+ Python expected the return type int but the fork familie returns
+ pi_t.
+
+- Issue #1678380: Fix a bug that identifies 0j and -0j when they
+ appear in the same code unit.
+
+- Issue #2025: Added tuple.count() and tuple.index() methods to comply
+ with the collections.Sequence API.
+
+- Fixed multiple reinitialization of the Python interpreter. The small
+ int list in longobject.c has caused a seg fault during the third
+ finalization.
+
+- Issue #1973: bytes.fromhex('') raised SystemError.
+
+- Issue #1771: remove cmp parameter from sorted() and list.sort().
+
+- Issue #1969: split and rsplit in bytearray are inconsistent.
+
+- map() no longer accepts None for the first argument. Use zip()
+ instead.
+
+- Issue #1769: Now int("- 1") is not allowed any more.
+
+- Object/longobject.c: long(float('nan')) raises an OverflowError
+ instead of returning 0.
+
+- Issue #1762972: __file__ points to the source file instead of the
+ pyc/pyo file if the py file exists.
+
+- Issue #1393: object_richcompare() returns NotImplemented instead of
+ False if the objects aren't equal, to give the other side a chance.
+
+- Issue #1692: Interpreter was not displaying location of SyntaxError.
+
+- Improve some exception messages when Windows fails to load an
+ extension module. Now we get for example '%1 is not a valid Win32
+ application' instead of 'error code 193'. Also use Unicode strings
+ to deal with non-English locales.
+
+- Issue #1587: Added instancemethod wrapper for PyCFunctions. The
+ Python C API has gained a new type *PyInstanceMethod_Type* and the
+ functions *PyInstanceMethod_Check(o)*, *PyInstanceMethod_New(func)*
+ and *PyInstanceMethod_Function(im)*.
+
+- Constants gc.DEBUG_OBJECT and gc.DEBUG_INSTANCE have been removed
+ from the gc module; gc.DEBUG_COLLECTABLE or gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE
+ are now enough to print the corresponding list of objects considered
+ by the garbage collector.
+
+- Issue #1573: Improper use of the keyword-only syntax makes the
+ parser crash.
+
+- Issue #1564: The set implementation should special-case PyUnicode
+ instead of PyString.
+
+- Patch #1031213: Decode source line in SyntaxErrors back to its
+ original source encoding.
+
+- inspect.getsource() includes the decorators again.
+
+- Bug #1713: posixpath.ismount() claims symlink to a mountpoint is a
+ mountpoint.
+
+- Fix utf-8-sig incremental decoder, which didn't recognise a BOM when
+ the first chunk fed to the decoder started with a BOM, but was
+ longer than 3 bytes.
+
+Extension Modules
+-----------------
+
+- Code for itertools ifilter(), imap(), and izip() moved to bultins
+ and renamed to filter(), map(), and zip(). Also, renamed
+ izip_longest() to zip_longest() and ifilterfalse() to filterfalse().
+
+- Issue #1762972: Readded the reload() function as imp.reload().
+
+- Bug #2111: mmap segfaults when trying to write a block opened with
+ PROT_READ.
+
+- Issue #2063: correct order of utime and stime in os.times() result
+ on Windows.
+
+Library
+-------
+
+- Weakref dictionaries now inherit from MutableMapping.
+
+- Created new UserDict class in collections module. This one inherits
+ from and complies with the MutableMapping ABC. Also, moved
+ UserString and UserList to the collections module. The
+ MutableUserString class was removed.
+
+- Removed UserDict.DictMixin. Replaced all its uses with
+ collections.MutableMapping.
+
+- Issue #1703: getpass() should flush after writing prompt.
+
+- Issue #1585: IDLE uses non-existent xrange() function.
+
+- Issue #1578: Problems in win_getpass.
+
+Build
+-----
+
+- Renamed --enable-unicode configure flag to --with-wide-unicode,
+ since Unicode strings can't be disabled anymore.
+
+C API
+-----
+
+- Issue #1629: Renamed Py_Size, Py_Type and Py_Refcnt to Py_SIZE,
+ Py_TYPE and Py_REFCNT.
+
+- New API PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock(), works like
+ PyImport_ImportModule() but won't block on the import lock
+ (returning an error instead).
+
+
+What's New in Python 3.0a2?
+===========================
+
+*Release date: 07-Dec-2007*
+
+(Note: this list is incomplete.)
+
+Core and Builtins
+-----------------
+
+- str8 now has the same construction signature as bytes.
+
+- Comparisons between str and str8 now return False/True for ==/!=.
+ sqlite3 returns str8 when recreating on object from it's __conform__
+ value. The struct module returns str8 for all string-related
+ formats. This was true before this change, but becomes more
+ apparent thanks to string comparisons always being False.
+
+- Replaced `PyFile_FromFile()` with `PyFile_FromFd(fd, name. mode,
+ buffer, encoding, newline)`.
+
+- Fixed `imp.find_module()` to obey the -*- coding: -*- header.
+
+- Changed `__file__` and `co_filename` to unicode. The path names are decoded
+ with `Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding` and a new API method
+ `PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(char*)` was added.
+
+- io.open() and _fileio.FileIO have grown a new argument closefd. A
+ false value disables the closing of the file descriptor.
+
+- Added a new option -b to issues warnings (-bb for errors) about
+ certain operations between bytes/buffer and str like str(b'') and
+ comparison.
+
+- The standards streams sys.stdin, stdout and stderr may be None when
+ the when the C runtime library returns an invalid file descriptor
+ for the streams (fileno(stdin) < 0). For now this happens only for
+ Windows GUI apps and scripts started with `pythonw.exe`.
+
+- Added PCbuild9 directory for VS 2008.
+
+- Renamed structmember.h WRITE_RESTRICTED to PY_WRITE_RESTRICTED to
+ work around a name clash with VS 2008 on Windows.
+
+- Unbound methods are gone for good. ClassObject.method returns an
+ ordinary function object, instance.method still returns a bound
+ method object. The API of bound methods is cleaned up, too. The
+ im_class attribute is removed and im_func + im_self are renamed to
+ __func__ and __self__. The factory PyMethod_New takes only func and
+ instance as argument.
+
+- intobject.h is no longer included by Python.h. The remains were
+ moved to longobject.h. It still exists to define several aliases
+ from PyInt to PyLong functions.
+
+- Removed sys.maxint, use sys.maxsize instead.
+
+Extension Modules
+-----------------
+
+- The `hotshot` profiler has been removed; use `cProfile` instead.
+
+Library
+-------
+
+- When loading an external file using testfile(), the passed-in
+ encoding argument was being ignored if __loader__ is defined and
+ forcing the source to be UTF-8.
+
+- The methods `os.tmpnam()`, `os.tempnam()` and `os.tmpfile()` have
+ been removed in favor of the tempfile module.
+
+- Removed the 'new' module.
+
+- Removed all types from the 'types' module that are easily accessable
+ through builtins.
+
+
+What's New in Python 3.0a1?
+===========================
+
+*Release date: 31-Aug-2007*
+
+Core and Builtins
+-----------------
+
+- PEP 3131: Support non-ASCII identifiers.
+
+- PEP 3120: Change default encoding to UTF-8.
+
+- PEP 3123: Use proper C inheritance for PyObject.
+
+- Removed the __oct__ and __hex__ special methods and added a bin()
+ builtin function.
+
+- PEP 3127: octal literals now start with "0o". Old-style octal
+ literals are invalid. There are binary literals with a prefix of
+ "0b". This also affects int(x, 0).
+
+- None, True, False are now keywords.
+
+- PEP 3119: isinstance() and issubclass() can be overridden.
+
+- Remove BaseException.message.
+
+- Remove tuple parameter unpacking (PEP 3113).
+
+- Remove the f_restricted attribute from frames. This naturally leads
+ to the removal of PyEval_GetRestricted() and PyFrame_IsRestricted().
+
+- PEP 3132 was accepted. That means that you can do ``a, *b =
+ range(5)`` to assign 0 to a and [1, 2, 3, 4] to b.
+
+- range() now returns an iterator rather than a list. Floats are not
+ allowed. xrange() is no longer defined.
+
+- Patch #1660500: hide iteration variable in list comps, add set comps
+ and use common code to handle compilation of iterative expressions.
+
+- By default, != returns the opposite of ==, unless the latter returns
+ NotImplemented.
+
+- Patch #1680961: sys.exitfunc has been removed and replaced with a
+ private C-level API.
+
+- PEP 3115: new metaclasses: the metaclass is now specified as a
+ keyword arg in the class statement, which can now use the full
+ syntax of a parameter list. Also, the metaclass can implement a
+ __prepare__ function which will be called to create the dictionary
+ for the new class namespace.
+
+- The long-deprecated argument "pend" of PyFloat_FromString() has been
+ removed.
+
+- The dir() function has been extended to call the __dir__() method on
+ its argument, if it exists. If not, it will work like before. This
+ allows customizing the output of dir() in the presence of a
+ __getattr__().
+
+- Removed support for __members__ and __methods__.
+
+- Removed indexing/slicing on BaseException.
+
+- input() became raw_input(): the name input() now implements the
+ functionality formerly known as raw_input(); the name raw_input() is
+ no longer defined.
+
+- Classes listed in an 'except' clause must inherit from
+ BaseException.
+
+- PEP 3106: dict.iterkeys(), .iteritems(), .itervalues() are now gone;
+ and .keys(), .items(), .values() return dict views, which behave
+ like sets.
+
+- PEP 3105: print is now a function. Also (not in the PEP) the
+ 'softspace' attribute of files is now gone (since print() doesn't
+ use it). A side effect of this change is that you can get
+ incomplete output lines in interactive sessions:
+
+ >>> print(42, end="")
+ 42>>>
+
+ We may be able to fix this after the I/O library rewrite.
+
+- PEP 3102: keyword-only arguments.
+
+- Int/Long unification is complete. The 'long' built-in type and
+ literals with trailing 'L' or 'l' have been removed. Performance
+ may be sub-optimal (haven't really benchmarked).
+
+- 'except E, V' must now be spelled as 'except E as V' and deletes V
+ at the end of the except clause; V must be a simple name.
+
+- Added function annotations per PEP 3107.
+
+- Added nonlocal declaration from PEP 3104:
+
+ >>> def f(x):
+ ... def inc():
+ ... nonlocal x
+ ... x += 1
+ ... return x
+ ... return inc
+ ...
+ >>> inc = f(0)
+ >>> inc()
+ 1
+ >>> inc()
+ 2
+
+- Moved intern() to sys.intern().
+
+- exec is now a function.
+
+- Renamed nb_nonzero to nb_bool and __nonzero__ to __bool__.
+
+- Classic classes are a thing of the past. All classes are new style.
+
+- Exceptions *must* derive from BaseException.
+
+- Integer division always returns a float. The -Q option is no more.
+ All the following are gone:
+
+ * PyNumber_Divide and PyNumber_InPlaceDivide
+ * __div__, __rdiv__, and __idiv__
+ * nb_divide, nb_inplace_divide
+ * operator.div, operator.idiv, operator.__div__, operator.__idiv__
+ (Only __truediv__ and __floordiv__ remain, not sure how to handle
+ them if we want to re-use __div__ and friends. If we do, it will
+ make it harder to write code for both 2.x and 3.x.)
+
+- 'as' and 'with' are keywords.
+
+- Absolute import is the default behavior for 'import foo' etc.
+
+- Removed support for syntax: backticks (ie, `x`), <>.
+
+- Removed these Python builtins: apply(), callable(), coerce(),
+ execfile(), file(), reduce(), reload().
+
+- Removed these Python methods: {}.has_key.
+
+- Removed these opcodes: BINARY_DIVIDE, INPLACE_DIVIDE, UNARY_CONVERT.
+
+- Remove C API support for restricted execution.
+
+- zip(), map() and filter() now return iterators, behaving like their
+ itertools counterparts. This also affect map()'s behavior on
+ sequences of unequal length -- it now stops after the shortest one
+ is exhausted.
+
+- Additions: set literals, set comprehensions, ellipsis literal.
+
+- Added class decorators per PEP 3129.
+
+
+Extension Modules
+-----------------
+
+- Removed the imageop module. Obsolete long with its unit tests
+ becoming useless from the removal of rgbimg and imgfile.
+
+- Removed these attributes from the operator module: div, idiv,
+ __div__, __idiv__, isCallable, sequenceIncludes.
+
+- Removed these attributes from the sys module: exc_clear(), exc_type,
+ exc_value, exc_traceback.
+
+
+Library
+-------
+
+- Removed the compiler package. Use of the _ast module and (an
+ eventual) AST -> bytecode mechanism.
+
+- Removed these modules: audiodev, Bastion, bsddb185, exceptions,
+ linuxaudiodev, md5, MimeWriter, mimify, popen2, rexec, sets, sha,
+ stringold, strop, sunaudiodev, timing, xmllib.
+
+- Moved the toaiff module to Tools/Demos.
+
+- Removed obsolete IRIX modules: al/AL, cd/CD, cddb, cdplayer, cl/CL,
+ DEVICE, ERRNO, FILE, fl/FL, flp, fm, GET, gl/GL, GLWS, IN, imgfile,
+ IOCTL, jpeg, panel, panelparser, readcd, sgi, sv/SV, torgb, WAIT.
+
+- Removed obsolete functions: commands.getstatus(), os.popen*().
+
+- Removed functions in the string module that are also string methods;
+ Remove string.{letters, lowercase, uppercase}.
+
+- Removed support for long obsolete platforms: plat-aix3, plat-irix5.
+
+- Removed xmlrpclib.SlowParser. It was based on xmllib.
+
+- Patch #1680961: atexit has been reimplemented in C.
+
+- Add new codecs for UTF-32, UTF-32-LE and UTF-32-BE.
+
+Build
+-----
+
+C API
+-----
+
+- Removed these Python slots: __coerce__, __div__, __idiv__, __rdiv__.
+
+- Removed these C APIs: PyNumber_Coerce(), PyNumber_CoerceEx(),
+ PyMember_Get, PyMember_Set.
+
+- Removed these C slots/fields: nb_divide, nb_inplace_divide.
+
+- Removed these macros: staticforward, statichere, PyArg_GetInt,
+ PyArg_NoArgs, _PyObject_Del.
+
+- Removed these typedefs: intargfunc, intintargfunc, intobjargproc,
+ intintobjargproc, getreadbufferproc, getwritebufferproc,
+ getsegcountproc, getcharbufferproc, memberlist.
+
+Tests
+-----
+
+- Removed test.testall as test.regrtest replaces it.
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+
+Mac
+---
+
+- The cfmfile module was removed.
+
+Platforms
+---------
+
+- Support for BeOS and AtheOS was removed (according to PEP 11).
+
+- Support for RiscOS, Irix, Tru64 was removed (alledgedly).
+
+Tools/Demos
+-----------
+
+
What's New in Python 2.5 release candidate 1?
=============================================
(editors: check NEWS.help for information about editing NEWS using ReST.)
-What's New in Python 3.0 final
-==============================
+What's New in Python 3.1 alpha 0
+================================
*Release date: XX-XXX-2008*
Core and Builtins
-----------------
-- Issue #3996: On Windows, the PyOS_CheckStack function would cause the
- interpreter to abort ("Fatal Python error: Could not reset the stack!")
- instead of throwing a MemoryError.
-
-- Issue #3689: The list reversed iterator now supports __length_hint__
- instead of __len__. Behavior now matches other reversed iterators.
-
-- Issue #4367: Python would segfault during compiling when the unicodedata
- module couldn't be imported and \N escapes were present.
-
-- Fix build failure of _cursesmodule.c building with -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2.
Library
-------
-- Issue #4387: binascii now refuses to accept str as binary input.
-
-- Issue #4073: Add 2to3 support to build_scripts, refactor that support
- in build_py.
-
-- IDLE would print a "Unhandled server exception!" message when internal
- debugging is enabled.
-
-- Issue #4455: IDLE failed to display the windows list when two windows have
- the same title.
-
-- Issue #3741: DISTUTILS_USE_SDK set causes msvc9compiler.py to raise an
- exception.
-
-- Issue #4433: Fixed an access violation when garbage collecting
- _ctypes.COMError instances.
-
-- Issue #4429: Fixed UnicodeDecodeError in ctypes.
-
-- Issue #4373: Corrected a potential reference leak in the pickle module and
- silenced a false positive ref leak in distutils.tests.test_build_ext.
-
-- Issue #4382: dbm.dumb did not specify the expected file encoding for opened
- files.
-
-- Issue #4383: When IDLE cannot make the connection to its subprocess, it would
- fail to properly display the error message.
Build
-----
-- Issue #4407: Fix source file that caused the compileall step in Windows installer
- to fail.
Docs
----
-- Issue #4449: Fixed multiprocessing examples
-
-- Issue #3799: Document that dbm.gnu and dbm.ndbm will accept string arguments
- for keys and values which will be converted to bytes before committal.
-
-
-What's New in Python 3.0 release candidate 3?
-=============================================
-
-*Release date: 20-Nov-2008*
-
-
-Core and Builtins
------------------
-
-- Issue #4349: sys.path included a non-existent platform directory because of a
- faulty Makefile.
-
-- Issue #3327: Don't overallocate in the modules_by_index list.
-
-- Issue #1721812: Binary set operations and copy() returned the input type
- instead of the appropriate base type. This was incorrect because set
- subclasses would be created without their __init__() method being called.
- The corrected behavior brings sets into line with lists and dicts.
-
-- Issue #4296: Fix PyObject_RichCompareBool so that "x in [x]" evaluates to
- True, even when x doesn't compare equal to itself. This was a regression
- from 2.6.
-
-- Issue #3705: Command-line arguments were not correctly decoded when the
- terminal does not use UTF8.
-
-Library
--------
-
-- Issue #4363: The uuid.uuid1() and uuid.uuid4() functions now work even if
- the ctypes module is not present.
-
-- FileIO's mode attribute now always includes ``"b"``.
-
-- Issue #3799: Fix dbm.dumb to accept strings as well as bytes for keys. String
- keys are now written out in UTF-8.
-
-- Issue #4338: Fix distutils upload command.
-
-- Issue #4354: Fix distutils register command.
-
-- Issue #4116: Resolve member name conflict in ScrolledCanvas.__init__.
-
-- Issue #4307: The named tuple that ``inspect.getfullargspec()`` returns now
- uses ``kwonlydefaults`` instead of ``kwdefaults``.
-
-- Issue #4298: Fix a segfault when pickle.loads is passed a ill-formed input.
-
-- Issue #4283: Fix a left-over "iteritems" call in distutils.
-
-Build
------
-
-- Issue #4389: Add icon to the uninstall entry in "add-and-remove-programs".
-
-- Issue #4289: Remove Cancel button from AdvancedDlg.
-
-- Issue #1656675: Register a drop handler for .py* files on Windows.
-
-Tools/Demos
------------
-
-- Demos of the socketserver module now work with Python 3.
-
-
-What's New in Python 3.0 release candidate 2
-============================================
-
-*Release date: 05-Nov-2008*
-
-Core and Builtins
------------------
-
-- Issue #4211: The __path__ attribute of frozen packages is now a list instead
- of a string as required by PEP 302.
-
-- Issue #3727: Fixed poplib.
-
-- Issue #3714: Fixed nntplib by using bytes where appropriate.
-
-- Issue #1210: Fixed imaplib and its documentation.
-
-- Issue #4233: Changed semantic of ``_fileio.FileIO``'s ``close()``
- method on file objects with closefd=False. The file descriptor is still
- kept open but the file object behaves like a closed file. The ``FileIO``
- object also got a new readonly attribute ``closefd``.
-
-- Issue #3626: On cygwin, starting python with a non-existent script name
- would not display anything if the file name is only 1 character long.
-
-- Issue #4176: Fixed a crash when pickling an object which ``__reduce__``
- method does not return iterators for the 4th and 5th items.
-
-- Issue #3723: Fixed initialization of subinterpreters.
-
-- Issue #4213: The file system encoding is now normalized by the
- codec subsystem, for example UTF-8 is turned into utf-8.
-
-- Issue #4200: Changed the atexit module to store its state in its
- PyModuleDef atexitmodule. This fixes a bug with multiple subinterpeters.
-
-- Issue #4237: io.FileIO() was raising invalid warnings caused by
- insufficient initialization of PyFileIOObject struct members.
-
-- Issue #4170: Pickling a collections.defaultdict object would crash the
- interpreter.
-
-- Issue #4146: Compilation on OpenBSD has been restored.
-
-- Issue #3574: compile() incorrectly handled source code encoded as Latin-1.
-
-- Issues #2384 and #3975: Tracebacks were not correctly printed when the
- source file contains a ``coding:`` header: the wrong line was displayed, and
- the encoding was not respected.
-
-- Issue #3740: Null-initialize module state.
-
-- Issue #3946: PyObject_CheckReadBuffer crashed on a memoryview object.
-
-- Issue #1688: On Windows, the input() prompt was not correctly displayed if it
- contains non-ascii characters.
-
-- Bug #3951: Py_USING_MEMORY_DEBUGGER should not be enabled by default.
-
-Library
--------
-
-- Issue #3664: The pickle module could segfault if a subclass of Pickler fails
- to call the base __init__ method.
-
-- Issue #3725: telnetlib now works completely in bytes.
-
-- Issue #4072: Restore build_py_2to3.
-
-- Issue #4014: Don't claim that Python has an Alpha release status, in addition
- to claiming it is Mature.
-
-- Issue #3187: Add sys.setfilesystemencoding.
-
-- Issue #3187: Better support for "undecodable" filenames. Code by Victor
- Stinner, with small tweaks by GvR.
-
-- Issue #3965: Allow repeated calls to turtle.Screen, by making it a
- true singleton object.
-
-- Issue #3911: ftplib.FTP.makeport() could give invalid port numbers.
-
-- Issue #3929: When the database cannot be opened, dbm.open() would incorrectly
- raise a TypeError: "'tuple' object is not callable" instead of the expected
- dbm.error.
-
-- Bug #3884: Make the turtle module toplevel again.
-
-- Issue #3547: Fixed ctypes structures bitfields of varying integer
- sizes.
-
-Extension Modules
------------------
-
-- Issue #3659: Subclasses of str didn't work as SQL parameters.
-
-Build
------
-
-- Issue #4120: Exclude manifest from extension modules in VS2008.
-
-- Issue #4091: Install pythonxy.dll in system32 again.
-
-- Issue #4018: Disable "for me" installations on Vista.
-
-- Issue #4204: Fixed module build errors on FreeBSD 4.
-
-Tools/Demos
------------
-
-- Issue #3717: Fix Demo/embed/demo.c.
-
-- Issue #4072: Add a distutils demo for build_py_2to3.
-
-
-What's New in Python 3.0 release candidate 1
-============================================
-
-*Release date: 17-Sep-2008*
-
-Core and Builtins
------------------
-
-- Issue #3827: memoryview lost its size attribute in favor of using len(view).
-
-- Issue #3813: could not lanch python.exe via symbolic link on cygwin.
-
-- Issue #3705: fix crash when given a non-ascii value on the command line for
- the "-c" and "-m" parameters. Now the behaviour is as expected under Linux,
- although under Windows it fails at a later point.
-
-- Issue #3279: Importing site at interpreter was failing silently because the
- site module uses the open builtin which was not initialized at the time.
-
-- Issue #3660: Corrected a reference leak in str.encode() when the encoder
- does not return a bytes object.
-
-- Issue #3774: Added a few more checks in PyTokenizer_FindEncoding to handle
- error conditions.
-
-- Issue #3594: Fix Parser/tokenizer.c:fp_setreadl() to open the file being
- tokenized by either a file path or file pointer for the benefit of
- PyTokenizer_FindEncoding().
-
-- Issue #3696: Error parsing arguments on OpenBSD <= 4.4 and Cygwin. On
- these systems, the mbstowcs() function is slightly buggy and must be
- replaced with strlen() for the purpose of counting of number of wide
- characters needed to represent the multi-byte character string.
-
-- Issue #3697: "Fatal Python error: Cannot recover from stack overflow"
- could be easily encountered under Windows in debug mode when exercising
- the recursion limit checking code, due to bogus handling of recursion
- limit when USE_STACKCHEK was enabled.
-
-- Issue 3639: The _warnings module could segfault the interpreter when
- unexpected types were passed in as arguments.
-
-- Issue #3712: The memoryview object had a reference leak and didn't support
- cyclic garbage collection.
-
-- Issue #3668: Fix a memory leak with the "s*" argument parser in
- PyArg_ParseTuple and friends, which occurred when the argument for "s*"
- was correctly parsed but parsing of subsequent arguments failed.
-
-- Issue #3611: An exception __context__ could be cleared in a complex pattern
- involving a __del__ method re-raising an exception.
-
-- Issue #2534: speed up isinstance() and issubclass() by 50-70%, so as to
- match Python 2.5 speed despite the __instancecheck__ / __subclasscheck__
- mechanism. In the process, fix a bug where isinstance() and issubclass(),
- when given a tuple of classes as second argument, were looking up
- __instancecheck__ / __subclasscheck__ on the tuple rather than on each
- type object.
-
-- Issue #3663: Py_None was decref'd when printing SyntaxErrors.
-
-- Issue #3651: Fix various memory leaks when using the buffer
- interface, or when the "s#" code of PyArg_ParseTuple is given a
- bytes object.
-
-- Issue #3657: Fix uninitialized memory read when pickling longs.
- Found by valgrind.
-
-- Apply security patches from Apple.
-
-- Fix crashes on memory allocation failure found with failmalloc.
-
-- Fix memory leaks found with valgrind and update suppressions file.
-
-- Fix compiler warnings in opt mode which would lead to invalid memory reads.
-
-- Fix problem using wrong name in decimal module reported by pychecker.
-
-- Issue #3650: Fixed a reference leak in bytes.split('x').
-
-- bytes(o) now tries to use o.__bytes__() before using fallbacks.
-
-- Issue #1204: The configure script now tests for additional libraries
- that may be required when linking against readline. This fixes issues
- with x86_64 builds on some platforms (a few Linux flavors and OpenBSD).
-
-C API
------
-
-- PyObject_Bytes and PyBytes_FromObject were added.
-
-Library
--------
-
-- Issue #3756: make re.escape() handle bytes as well as str.
-
-- Issue #3800: fix filter() related bug in formatter.py.
-
-- Issue #874900: fix behaviour of threading module after a fork.
-
-- Issue #3535: zipfile couldn't read some zip files larger than 2GB.
-
-- Issue #3776: Deprecate the bsddb package for removal in 3.0.
-
-- Issue #3762: platform.architecture() fails if python is lanched via
- its symbolic link.
-
-- Issue #3660: fix a memory leak in the C accelerator of the pickle module.
-
-- Issue #3160: the "bdist_wininst" distutils command didn't work.
-
-- Issue #1658: tkinter changes dict size during iteration in both
- tkinter.BaseWidget and tkinter.scrolledtext.ScrolledText.
-
-- The bsddb module (and therefore the dbm.bsd module) has been removed.
- It is now maintained outside of the standard library at
- http://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm.
-
-- Issue 600362: Relocated parse_qs() and parse_qsl(), from the cgi module
- to the urlparse one. Added a DeprecationWarning in the old module, it
- will be deprecated in the future.
-
-- Issue #3719: platform.architecture() fails if there are spaces in the
- path to the Python binary.
-
-- Issue 3602: As part of the merge of r66135, make the parameters on
- warnings.catch_warnings() keyword-only. Also remove a DeprecationWarning.
-
-- The deprecation warnings for the camelCase threading API names were removed.
-
-- Issue #3110: multiprocessing fails to compiel on solaris 10 due to missing
- SEM_VALUE_MAX.
-
-Extension Modules
------------------
-
-- Issue #3782: os.write() must not accept unicode strings.
-
-- Issue #2975: When compiling several extension modules with Visual Studio 2008
- from the same python interpreter, some environment variables would grow
- without limit.
-
-- Issue #3643: Added a few more checks to _testcapi to prevent segfaults by
- exploitation of poor argument checking.
-
-- bsddb code updated to version 4.7.3pre2. This code is the same than
- Python 2.6 one, since the intention is to keep an unified 2.x/3.x codebase.
- The Python code is automatically translated using "2to3". Please, do not
- update this code in Python 3.0 by hand. Update the 2.6 one and then
- do "2to3".
-
-- The _bytesio and _stringio modules are now compiled into the python binary.
-
-- Issue #3492 and #3790: Fixed the zlib module and zipimport module uses of
- mutable bytearray objects where they should have been using immutable bytes.
-
-- Issue #3797: Fixed the dbm, marshal, mmap, ossaudiodev, & winreg modules to
- return bytes objects instead of bytearray objects.
-
-
-Tools/Demos
------------
-
-- Fix Misc/gdbinit so it works.
-
-
-Build
------
-
-- Issue #3812: Failed to build python if configure --without-threads.
-
-- Issue #3791: Remove the bsddb module from the Windows installer, and the
- core bsddb library from the Windows build files.
-
-
-What's new in Python 3.0b3?
-===========================
-
-*Release date: 20-Aug-2008*
-
-Core and Builtins
------------------
-
-- Issue #3653: Fix a segfault when sys.excepthook was called with invalid
- arguments.
-
-- Issue #2394: implement more of the memoryview API, with the caveat that
- only one-dimensional contiguous buffers are supported and exercised right
- now. Slicing, slice assignment and comparison (equality and inequality)
- have been added. Also, the tolist() method has been implemented, but only
- for byte buffers. Endly, the API has been updated to return bytes objects
- wherever it used to return bytearrays.
-
-- Issue #3560: clean up the new C PyMemoryView API so that naming is
- internally consistent; add macros PyMemoryView_GET_BASE() and
- PyMemoryView_GET_BUFFER() to access useful properties of a memory views
- without relying on a particular implementation; remove the ill-named
- PyMemoryView() function (PyMemoryView_GET_BUFFER() can be used instead).
-
-- ctypes function pointers that are COM methods have a boolean True
- value again.
-
-- Issue #1819: function calls with several named parameters are now on
- average 35% faster (as measured by pybench).
-
-- The undocumented C APIs PyUnicode_AsString() and
- PyUnicode_AsStringAndSize() were made private to the interpreter, in
- order to be able to refine their interfaces for Python 3.1.
-
- If you need to access the UTF-8 representation of a Unicode object
- as bytes string, please use PyUnicode_AsUTF8String() instead.
-
-- Issue #3460: PyUnicode_Join() implementation is 10% to 80% faster thanks
- to Python 3.0's stricter semantics which allow to avoid successive
- reallocations of the result string (this also affects str.join()).
-
-
-Library
--------
-
-- Issue #1276: Added temporary aliases for CJK Mac encodings to resolve
- a build problem on MacOS with CJK locales. It adds four temporary
- mappings to existing legacy codecs that are virtually compatible
- with Mac encodings. They will be replaced by codecs correctly
- implemented in 3.1.
-
-- Issue #3614: Corrected a typo in xmlrpc.client, leading to a NameError
- "global name 'header' is not defined".
-
-- Issue #2834: update the regular expression library to match the unicode
- standards of py3k. In other words, mixing bytes and unicode strings
- (be it as pattern, search string or replacement string) raises a TypeError.
- Moreover, the re.UNICODE flag is enabled automatically for unicode patterns,
- and can be disabled by specifying a new re.ASCII flag; as for bytes
- patterns, ASCII matching is the only option and trying to specify re.UNICODE
- for such patterns raises a ValueError.
-
-- Issue #3300: make urllib.parse.[un]quote() default to UTF-8.
- Code contributed by Matt Giuca. quote() now encodes the input
- before quoting, unquote() decodes after unquoting. There are
- new arguments to change the encoding and errors settings.
- There are also new APIs to skip the encode/decode steps.
- [un]quote_plus() are also affected.
-
-- Issue #2235: numbers.Number now blocks inheritance of the default id()
- based hash because that hash mechanism is not correct for numeric types.
- All concrete numeric types that inherit from Number (rather than just
- registering with it) must explicitly provide a hash implementation in
- order for their instances to be hashable.
-
-- Issue #2676: in the email package, content-type parsing was hanging on
- pathological input because of quadratic or exponential behaviour of a
- regular expression.
-
-- Issue #3476: binary buffered reading through the new "io" library is now
- thread-safe.
-
-- Issue #1342811: Fix leak in Tkinter.Menu.delete. Commands associated to
- menu entries were not deleted.
-
-- Remove the TarFileCompat class from tarfile.py.
-
-- Issue #2491: os.fdopen is now almost an alias for the built-in open(), and
- accepts the same parameters. It just checks that its first argument is an
- integer.
-
-- Issue #3394: zipfile.writestr sets external attributes when passed a
- file name rather than a ZipInfo instance, so files are extracted with
- mode 0600 rather than 000 under Unix.
-
-- Issue #2523: Fix quadratic behaviour when read()ing a binary file without
- asking for a specific length.
-
-Extension Modules
------------------
-
-- Bug #3542: Support Unicode strings in _msi module.
-
-What's new in Python 3.0b2?
-===========================
-
-*Release date: 17-Jul-2008*
-
-Core and Builtins
------------------
-
-- Issue #3008: the float type has a new instance method 'float.hex'
- and a new class method 'float.fromhex' to convert floating-point
- numbers to and from hexadecimal strings, respectively.
-
-- Issue #3083: Add alternate (#) formatting for bin, oct, hex output
- for str.format(). This adds the prefix 0b, 0o, or 0x, respectively.
-
-- Issue #3280: like chr(), the "%c" format now accepts unicode code points
- beyond the Basic Multilingual Plane (above 0xffff) on all configurations. On
- "narrow Unicode" builds, the result is a string of 2 code units, forming a
- UTF-16 surrogate pair.
-
-- Issue #3282: str.isprintable() should return False for undefined
- Unicode characters.
-
-- Issue #3236: Return small longs from PyLong_FromString.
-
-- Exception tracebacks now support exception chaining.
-
-Library
--------
-
-- Removed the sunaudio module. Use sunau instead.
-
-- Issue #3554: ctypes.string_at and ctypes.wstring_at did call Python
- api functions without holding the GIL, which could lead to a fatal
- error when they failed.
-
-- Issue #799428: Fix Tkinter.Misc._nametowidget to unwrap Tcl command objects.
-
-- Removed "ast" function aliases from the parser module.
-
-- Issue #3313: Fixed a crash when a failed dlopen() call does not set
- a valid dlerror() message.
-
-- Issue #3258: Fixed a crash when a ctypes POINTER type to an
- incomplete structure was created.
-
-- Issue #2683: Fix inconsistency in subprocess.Popen.communicate(): the
- argument now must be a bytes object in any case.
-
-- Issue #3145: help("modules whatever") failed when trying to load the source
- code of every single module of the standard library, including invalid files
- used in the test suite.
-
-- The gettext library now consistently uses Unicode strings for message ids
- and message strings, and ``ugettext()`` and the like don't exist anymore.
-
-- The traceback module has been expanded to handle chained exceptions.
-
-C API
------
-
-- Issue #3247: the function Py_FindMethod was removed. Modern types should
- use the tp_methods slot instead.
-
-Tools/Demos
------------
-
-- The Mac/Demos directory has been removed.
-
-- All of the Mac scripts have been removed (including BuildApplet.py).
-
-
-What's new in Python 3.0b1?
-===========================
-
-*Release date: 18-Jun-2008*
-
-Core and Builtins
------------------
-
-- Issue #3211: warnings.warn_explicit() did not guard against its 'registry'
- argument being anything other than a dict or None. Also fixed a bug in error
- handling when 'message' and 'category' were both set to None, triggering a
- bus error.
-
-- Issue #3100: Corrected a crash on deallocation of a subclassed weakref which
- holds the last (strong) reference to its referent.
-
-- Issue #2630: implement PEP 3138. repr() now returns printable
- Unicode characters unescaped, to get an ASCII-only representation
- of an object use ascii().
-
-- Issue #1342: On windows, Python could not start when installed in a
- directory with non-ascii characters.
-
-- Implement PEP 3121: new module initialization and finalization API.
-
-- Removed the already-defunct ``-t`` option.
-
-- Issue #2957: Corrected a ValueError "recursion limit exceeded", when
- unmarshalling many code objects, which happens when importing a
- large .pyc file (~1000 functions).
-
-- Issue #2963: fix merging oversight that disabled method cache for
- all types.
-
-- Issue #2964: fix a missing INCREF in instancemethod_descr_get.
-
-- Issue #2895: Don't crash when given bytes objects as keyword names.
-
-- Issue #2798: When parsing arguments with PyArg_ParseTuple, the "s"
- code now allows any unicode string and returns a utf-8 encoded
- buffer, just like the "s#" code already does. The "z" code was
- corrected as well.
-
-- Issue #2863: generators now have a ``gen.__name__`` attribute that
- equals ``gen.gi_code.co_name``, like ``func.__name___`` that equals
- ``func.func_code.co_name``. The repr() of a generator now also
- contains this name.
-
-- Issue #2831: enumerate() now has a ``start`` argument.
-
-- Issue #2801: fix bug in the float.is_integer method where a
- ValueError was sometimes incorrectly raised.
-
-- The ``--with-toolbox-glue`` option (and the associated
- pymactoolbox.h) have been removed.
-
-- Issue #2196: hasattr() now lets exceptions which do not inherit
- Exception (KeyboardInterrupt, and SystemExit) propagate instead of
- ignoring them.
-
-- #3021 Exception reraising sematics have been significantly improved. However,
- f_exc_type, f_exc_value, and f_exc_traceback cannot be accessed from Python
- code anymore.
-
-- Three of PyNumberMethods' members, nb_coerce, nb_hex, and nb_oct, have been
- removed.
-
-Extension Modules
------------------
-
-- Renamed ``_winreg`` module to ``winreg``.
-
-- Support os.O_ASYNC and fcntl.FASYNC if the constants exist on the
- platform.
-
-- Support for Windows 9x has been removed from the winsound module.
-
-- Issue #2870: cmathmodule.c compile error.
-
-Library
--------
-
-- The methods ``is_in_tuple()``, ``is_vararg()``, and ``is_keywordarg()`` of
- symtable.Symbol have been removed.
-
-- Patch #3133: http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler did not work on windows.
-
-- a new ``urllib`` package was created. It consists of code from
- ``urllib``, ``urllib2``, ``urlparse``, and ``robotparser``. The old
- modules have all been removed. The new package has five submodules:
- ``urllib.parse``, ``urllib.request``, ``urllib.response``,
- ``urllib.error``, and ``urllib.robotparser``. The
- ``urllib.request.urlopen()`` function uses the url opener from
- ``urllib2``. (Note that the unittests have not been renamed for the
- beta, but they will be renamed in the future.)
-
-- rfc822 has been removed in favor of the email package.
-
-- mimetools has been removed in favor of the email package.
-
-- Patch #2849: Remove use of rfc822 module from standard library.
-
-- Added C optimized implementation of io.StringIO.
-
-- The ``pickle`` module is now automatically use an optimized C
- implementation of Pickler and Unpickler when available. The
- ``cPickle`` module is no longer needed.
-
-- Removed the ``htmllib`` and ``sgmllib`` modules.
-
-- The deprecated ``SmartCookie`` and ``SimpleCookie`` classes have
- been removed from ``http.cookies``.
-
-- The ``commands`` module has been removed. Its getoutput() and
- getstatusoutput() functions have been moved to the ``subprocess`` module.
-
-- The ``http`` package was created; it contains the old ``httplib``
- as ``http.client``, ``Cookie`` as ``http.cookies``, ``cookielib``
- as ``http.cookiejar``, and the content of the three ``HTTPServer``
- modules as ``http.server``.
-
-- The ``xmlrpc`` package was created; it contains the old
- ``xmlrpclib`` module as ``xmlrpc.client`` and the content of
- the old ``SimpleXMLRPCServer`` and ``DocXMLRPCServer`` modules
- as ``xmlrpc.server``.
-
-- The ``dbm`` package was created, containing the old modules
- ``anydbm`` and ``whichdb`` in its ``__init__.py``, and having
- ``dbm.gnu`` (was ``gdbm``), ``dbm.bsd`` (was ``dbhash``),
- ``dbm.ndbm`` (was ``dbm``) and ``dbm.dumb`` (was ``dumbdbm``)
- as submodules.
-
-- The ``repr`` module has been renamed to ``reprlib``.
-
-- The ``statvfs`` module has been removed.
-
-- Issue #1713041: fix pprint's handling of maximum depth.
-
-- Issue #2250: Exceptions raised during evaluation of names in
- rlcompleter's ``Completer.complete()`` method are now caught and
- ignored.
-
-- Patch #2659: Added ``break_on_hyphens`` option to textwrap's
- ``TextWrapper`` class.
-
-- Issue #2487: change the semantics of math.ldexp(x, n) when n is too
- large to fit in a C long. ldexp(x, n) now returns a zero (with
- suitable sign) if n is large and negative; previously, it raised
- OverflowError.
-
-- The ``ConfigParser`` module has been renamed to ``configparser``.
-
-- Issue #2865: webbrowser.open() works again in a KDE environment.
-
-- The ``multifile`` module has been removed.
-
-- The ``SocketServer`` module has been renamed to ``socketserver``.
-
-- Fixed the ``__all__`` setting on ``collections`` to include
- ``UserList`` and ``UserString``.
-
-- The sre module has been removed.
-
-- The Queue module has been renamed to queue.
-
-- The copy_reg module has been renamed to copyreg.
-
-- The mhlib module has been removed.
-
-- The ihooks module has been removed.
-
-- The fpformat module has been removed.
-
-- The dircache module has been removed.
-
-- The Canvas module has been removed.
-
-- The Decimal module gained the magic methods __round__, __ceil__,
- __floor__ and __trunc__, to give support for round, math.ceil,
- math.floor and math.trunc.
-
-- The user module has been removed.
-
-- The mutex module has been removed.
-
-- The imputil module has been removed.
-
-- os.path.walk has been removed in favor of os.walk.
-
-- pdb gained the "until" command.
-
-- The test.test_support module has been renamed to test.support.
-
-- The threading module API was renamed to be PEP 8 compliant. The
- old names are still present, but will be removed in the near future.
-
-Tools/Demos
------------
-
-- The bgen tool has been removed.
-
-Build
------
-
-
-What's New in Python 3.0a5?
-===========================
-
-*Release date: 08-May-2008*
-
-Core and Builtins
------------------
-
-- Fixed misbehaviour of PyLong_FromSsize_t on systems where
- sizeof(size_t) > sizeof(long).
-
-- Issue #2221: Corrected a SystemError "error return without exception
- set", when the code executed by exec() raises an exception, and
- sys.stdout.flush() also raises an error.
-
-- Bug #2565: The repr() of type objects now calls them 'class', not
- 'type' - whether they are builtin types or not.
-
-- The command line processing was converted to pass Unicode strings
- through as unmodified as possible; as a consequence, the C API
- related to command line arguments was changed to use wchar_t.
-
-- All backslashes in raw strings are interpreted literally. This
- means that '\u' and '\U' escapes are not treated specially.
-
-Extension Modules
------------------
-
-Library
--------
-
-- ctypes objects now support the PEP3118 buffer interface.
-
-- Issue #2682: ctypes callback functions now longer contain a cyclic
- reference to themselves.
-
-- Issue #2058: Remove the buf attribute and add __slots__ to the
- TarInfo class in order to reduce tarfile's memory usage.
-
-- Bug #2606: Avoid calling .sort() on a dict_keys object.
-
-- The bundled libffi copy is now in sync with the recently released
- libffi3.0.5 version, apart from some small changes to
- Modules/_ctypes/libffi/configure.ac.
-
-Build
------
-
-- Issue #1496032: On alpha, use -mieee when gcc is the compiler.
-
-- "make install" is now an alias for "make altinstall", to prevent
- accidentally overwriting a Python 2.x installation. Use "make
- fullinstall" to force Python 3.0 to be installed as "python".
-
-- Issue #2544: On HP-UX systems, use 'gcc -shared' for linking when
- gcc is used as compiler.
-
-
-What's New in Python 3.0a4?
-===========================
-
-*Release date: 02-Apr-2008*
-
-Core and Builtins
------------------
-
-- Bug #2301: Don't try decoding the source code into the original
- encoding for syntax errors.
-
-Extension Modules
------------------
-
-- The dl module was removed, use the ctypes module instead.
-
-- Use wchar_t functions in _locale module.
-
-Library
--------
-
-- The class distutils.commands.build_py.build_py_2to3 can be used as a
- build_py replacement to automatically run 2to3 on modules that are
- going to be installed.
-
-- A new pickle protocol (protocol 3) is added with explicit support
- for bytes. This is the default protocol. It intentionally cannot
- be unpickled by Python 2.x.
-
-- When a pickle written by Python 2.x contains an (8-bit) str
- instance, this is now decoded to a (Unicode) str instance. The
- encoding used to do this defaults to ASCII, but can be overridden
- via two new keyword arguments to the Unpickler class. Previously
- this would create bytes instances, which is usually wrong: str
- instances are often used to pickle attribute names etc., and text is
- more common than binary data anyway.
-
-- Default to ASCII as the locale.getpreferredencoding, if the POSIX
- system doesn't support CODESET and LANG isn't set or doesn't allow
- deduction of an encoding.
-
-- Issue #1202: zlib.crc32 and zlib.adler32 now return an unsigned
- value.
-
-- Issue #719888: Updated tokenize to use a bytes API. generate_tokens
- has been renamed tokenize and now works with bytes rather than
- strings. A new detect_encoding function has been added for
- determining source file encoding according to PEP-0263. Token
- sequences returned by tokenize always start with an ENCODING token
- which specifies the encoding used to decode the file. This token is
- used to encode the output of untokenize back to bytes.
-
-
-What's New in Python 3.0a3?
-===========================
-
-*Release date: 29-Feb-2008*
-
-Core and Builtins
------------------
-
-- Issue #2282: io.TextIOWrapper was not overriding seekable() from
- io.IOBase.
-
-- Issue #2115: Important speedup in setting __slot__ attributes. Also
- prevent a possible crash: an Abstract Base Class would try to access
- a slot on a registered virtual subclass.
-
-- Fixed repr() and str() of complex numbers with infinity or nan as
- real or imaginary part.
-
-- Clear all free list during a gc.collect() of the highest generation
- in order to allow pymalloc to free more arenas. Python may give back
- memory to the OS earlier.
-
-- Issue #2045: Fix an infinite recursion triggered when printing a
- subclass of collections.defaultdict, if its default_factory is set
- to a bound method.
-
-- Fixed a minor memory leak in dictobject.c. The content of the free
- list was not freed on interpreter shutdown.
-
-- Limit free list of method and builtin function objects to 256
- entries each.
-
-- Patch #1953: Added ``sys._compact_freelists()`` and the C API
- functions ``PyInt_CompactFreeList`` and ``PyFloat_CompactFreeList``
- to compact the internal free lists of pre-allocted ints and floats.
-
-- Bug #1983: Fixed return type of fork(), fork1() and forkpty() calls.
- Python expected the return type int but the fork familie returns
- pi_t.
-
-- Issue #1678380: Fix a bug that identifies 0j and -0j when they
- appear in the same code unit.
-
-- Issue #2025: Added tuple.count() and tuple.index() methods to comply
- with the collections.Sequence API.
-
-- Fixed multiple reinitialization of the Python interpreter. The small
- int list in longobject.c has caused a seg fault during the third
- finalization.
-
-- Issue #1973: bytes.fromhex('') raised SystemError.
-
-- Issue #1771: remove cmp parameter from sorted() and list.sort().
-
-- Issue #1969: split and rsplit in bytearray are inconsistent.
-
-- map() no longer accepts None for the first argument. Use zip()
- instead.
-
-- Issue #1769: Now int("- 1") is not allowed any more.
-
-- Object/longobject.c: long(float('nan')) raises an OverflowError
- instead of returning 0.
-
-- Issue #1762972: __file__ points to the source file instead of the
- pyc/pyo file if the py file exists.
-
-- Issue #1393: object_richcompare() returns NotImplemented instead of
- False if the objects aren't equal, to give the other side a chance.
-
-- Issue #1692: Interpreter was not displaying location of SyntaxError.
-
-- Improve some exception messages when Windows fails to load an
- extension module. Now we get for example '%1 is not a valid Win32
- application' instead of 'error code 193'. Also use Unicode strings
- to deal with non-English locales.
-
-- Issue #1587: Added instancemethod wrapper for PyCFunctions. The
- Python C API has gained a new type *PyInstanceMethod_Type* and the
- functions *PyInstanceMethod_Check(o)*, *PyInstanceMethod_New(func)*
- and *PyInstanceMethod_Function(im)*.
-
-- Constants gc.DEBUG_OBJECT and gc.DEBUG_INSTANCE have been removed
- from the gc module; gc.DEBUG_COLLECTABLE or gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE
- are now enough to print the corresponding list of objects considered
- by the garbage collector.
-
-- Issue #1573: Improper use of the keyword-only syntax makes the
- parser crash.
-
-- Issue #1564: The set implementation should special-case PyUnicode
- instead of PyString.
-
-- Patch #1031213: Decode source line in SyntaxErrors back to its
- original source encoding.
-
-- inspect.getsource() includes the decorators again.
-
-- Bug #1713: posixpath.ismount() claims symlink to a mountpoint is a
- mountpoint.
-
-- Fix utf-8-sig incremental decoder, which didn't recognise a BOM when
- the first chunk fed to the decoder started with a BOM, but was
- longer than 3 bytes.
-
-Extension Modules
------------------
-
-- Code for itertools ifilter(), imap(), and izip() moved to bultins
- and renamed to filter(), map(), and zip(). Also, renamed
- izip_longest() to zip_longest() and ifilterfalse() to filterfalse().
-
-- Issue #1762972: Readded the reload() function as imp.reload().
-
-- Bug #2111: mmap segfaults when trying to write a block opened with
- PROT_READ.
-
-- Issue #2063: correct order of utime and stime in os.times() result
- on Windows.
-
-Library
--------
-
-- Weakref dictionaries now inherit from MutableMapping.
-
-- Created new UserDict class in collections module. This one inherits
- from and complies with the MutableMapping ABC. Also, moved
- UserString and UserList to the collections module. The
- MutableUserString class was removed.
-
-- Removed UserDict.DictMixin. Replaced all its uses with
- collections.MutableMapping.
-
-- Issue #1703: getpass() should flush after writing prompt.
-
-- Issue #1585: IDLE uses non-existent xrange() function.
-
-- Issue #1578: Problems in win_getpass.
-
-Build
------
-
-- Renamed --enable-unicode configure flag to --with-wide-unicode,
- since Unicode strings can't be disabled anymore.
-
-C API
------
-
-- Issue #1629: Renamed Py_Size, Py_Type and Py_Refcnt to Py_SIZE,
- Py_TYPE and Py_REFCNT.
-
-- New API PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock(), works like
- PyImport_ImportModule() but won't block on the import lock
- (returning an error instead).
-
-
-What's New in Python 3.0a2?
-===========================
-
-*Release date: 07-Dec-2007*
-
-(Note: this list is incomplete.)
-
-Core and Builtins
------------------
-
-- str8 now has the same construction signature as bytes.
-
-- Comparisons between str and str8 now return False/True for ==/!=.
- sqlite3 returns str8 when recreating on object from it's __conform__
- value. The struct module returns str8 for all string-related
- formats. This was true before this change, but becomes more
- apparent thanks to string comparisons always being False.
-
-- Replaced `PyFile_FromFile()` with `PyFile_FromFd(fd, name. mode,
- buffer, encoding, newline)`.
-
-- Fixed `imp.find_module()` to obey the -*- coding: -*- header.
-
-- Changed `__file__` and `co_filename` to unicode. The path names are decoded
- with `Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding` and a new API method
- `PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(char*)` was added.
-
-- io.open() and _fileio.FileIO have grown a new argument closefd. A
- false value disables the closing of the file descriptor.
-
-- Added a new option -b to issues warnings (-bb for errors) about
- certain operations between bytes/buffer and str like str(b'') and
- comparison.
-
-- The standards streams sys.stdin, stdout and stderr may be None when
- the when the C runtime library returns an invalid file descriptor
- for the streams (fileno(stdin) < 0). For now this happens only for
- Windows GUI apps and scripts started with `pythonw.exe`.
-
-- Added PCbuild9 directory for VS 2008.
-
-- Renamed structmember.h WRITE_RESTRICTED to PY_WRITE_RESTRICTED to
- work around a name clash with VS 2008 on Windows.
-
-- Unbound methods are gone for good. ClassObject.method returns an
- ordinary function object, instance.method still returns a bound
- method object. The API of bound methods is cleaned up, too. The
- im_class attribute is removed and im_func + im_self are renamed to
- __func__ and __self__. The factory PyMethod_New takes only func and
- instance as argument.
-
-- intobject.h is no longer included by Python.h. The remains were
- moved to longobject.h. It still exists to define several aliases
- from PyInt to PyLong functions.
-
-- Removed sys.maxint, use sys.maxsize instead.
-
-Extension Modules
------------------
-
-- The `hotshot` profiler has been removed; use `cProfile` instead.
-
-Library
--------
-
-- When loading an external file using testfile(), the passed-in
- encoding argument was being ignored if __loader__ is defined and
- forcing the source to be UTF-8.
-
-- The methods `os.tmpnam()`, `os.tempnam()` and `os.tmpfile()` have
- been removed in favor of the tempfile module.
-
-- Removed the 'new' module.
-
-- Removed all types from the 'types' module that are easily accessable
- through builtins.
-
-
-What's New in Python 3.0a1?
-===========================
-
-*Release date: 31-Aug-2007*
-
-Core and Builtins
------------------
-
-- PEP 3131: Support non-ASCII identifiers.
-
-- PEP 3120: Change default encoding to UTF-8.
-
-- PEP 3123: Use proper C inheritance for PyObject.
-
-- Removed the __oct__ and __hex__ special methods and added a bin()
- builtin function.
-
-- PEP 3127: octal literals now start with "0o". Old-style octal
- literals are invalid. There are binary literals with a prefix of
- "0b". This also affects int(x, 0).
-
-- None, True, False are now keywords.
-
-- PEP 3119: isinstance() and issubclass() can be overridden.
-
-- Remove BaseException.message.
-
-- Remove tuple parameter unpacking (PEP 3113).
-
-- Remove the f_restricted attribute from frames. This naturally leads
- to the removal of PyEval_GetRestricted() and PyFrame_IsRestricted().
-
-- PEP 3132 was accepted. That means that you can do ``a, *b =
- range(5)`` to assign 0 to a and [1, 2, 3, 4] to b.
-
-- range() now returns an iterator rather than a list. Floats are not
- allowed. xrange() is no longer defined.
-
-- Patch #1660500: hide iteration variable in list comps, add set comps
- and use common code to handle compilation of iterative expressions.
-
-- By default, != returns the opposite of ==, unless the latter returns
- NotImplemented.
-
-- Patch #1680961: sys.exitfunc has been removed and replaced with a
- private C-level API.
-
-- PEP 3115: new metaclasses: the metaclass is now specified as a
- keyword arg in the class statement, which can now use the full
- syntax of a parameter list. Also, the metaclass can implement a
- __prepare__ function which will be called to create the dictionary
- for the new class namespace.
-
-- The long-deprecated argument "pend" of PyFloat_FromString() has been
- removed.
-
-- The dir() function has been extended to call the __dir__() method on
- its argument, if it exists. If not, it will work like before. This
- allows customizing the output of dir() in the presence of a
- __getattr__().
-
-- Removed support for __members__ and __methods__.
-
-- Removed indexing/slicing on BaseException.
-
-- input() became raw_input(): the name input() now implements the
- functionality formerly known as raw_input(); the name raw_input() is
- no longer defined.
-
-- Classes listed in an 'except' clause must inherit from
- BaseException.
-
-- PEP 3106: dict.iterkeys(), .iteritems(), .itervalues() are now gone;
- and .keys(), .items(), .values() return dict views, which behave
- like sets.
-
-- PEP 3105: print is now a function. Also (not in the PEP) the
- 'softspace' attribute of files is now gone (since print() doesn't
- use it). A side effect of this change is that you can get
- incomplete output lines in interactive sessions:
-
- >>> print(42, end="")
- 42>>>
-
- We may be able to fix this after the I/O library rewrite.
-
-- PEP 3102: keyword-only arguments.
-
-- Int/Long unification is complete. The 'long' built-in type and
- literals with trailing 'L' or 'l' have been removed. Performance
- may be sub-optimal (haven't really benchmarked).
-
-- 'except E, V' must now be spelled as 'except E as V' and deletes V
- at the end of the except clause; V must be a simple name.
-
-- Added function annotations per PEP 3107.
-
-- Added nonlocal declaration from PEP 3104:
-
- >>> def f(x):
- ... def inc():
- ... nonlocal x
- ... x += 1
- ... return x
- ... return inc
- ...
- >>> inc = f(0)
- >>> inc()
- 1
- >>> inc()
- 2
-
-- Moved intern() to sys.intern().
-
-- exec is now a function.
-
-- Renamed nb_nonzero to nb_bool and __nonzero__ to __bool__.
-
-- Classic classes are a thing of the past. All classes are new style.
-
-- Exceptions *must* derive from BaseException.
-
-- Integer division always returns a float. The -Q option is no more.
- All the following are gone:
-
- * PyNumber_Divide and PyNumber_InPlaceDivide
- * __div__, __rdiv__, and __idiv__
- * nb_divide, nb_inplace_divide
- * operator.div, operator.idiv, operator.__div__, operator.__idiv__
- (Only __truediv__ and __floordiv__ remain, not sure how to handle
- them if we want to re-use __div__ and friends. If we do, it will
- make it harder to write code for both 2.x and 3.x.)
-
-- 'as' and 'with' are keywords.
-
-- Absolute import is the default behavior for 'import foo' etc.
-
-- Removed support for syntax: backticks (ie, `x`), <>.
-
-- Removed these Python builtins: apply(), callable(), coerce(),
- execfile(), file(), reduce(), reload().
-
-- Removed these Python methods: {}.has_key.
-
-- Removed these opcodes: BINARY_DIVIDE, INPLACE_DIVIDE, UNARY_CONVERT.
-
-- Remove C API support for restricted execution.
-
-- zip(), map() and filter() now return iterators, behaving like their
- itertools counterparts. This also affect map()'s behavior on
- sequences of unequal length -- it now stops after the shortest one
- is exhausted.
-
-- Additions: set literals, set comprehensions, ellipsis literal.
-
-- Added class decorators per PEP 3129.
-
-
-Extension Modules
------------------
-
-- Removed the imageop module. Obsolete long with its unit tests
- becoming useless from the removal of rgbimg and imgfile.
-
-- Removed these attributes from the operator module: div, idiv,
- __div__, __idiv__, isCallable, sequenceIncludes.
-
-- Removed these attributes from the sys module: exc_clear(), exc_type,
- exc_value, exc_traceback.
-
-
-Library
--------
-
-- Removed the compiler package. Use of the _ast module and (an
- eventual) AST -> bytecode mechanism.
-
-- Removed these modules: audiodev, Bastion, bsddb185, exceptions,
- linuxaudiodev, md5, MimeWriter, mimify, popen2, rexec, sets, sha,
- stringold, strop, sunaudiodev, timing, xmllib.
-
-- Moved the toaiff module to Tools/Demos.
-
-- Removed obsolete IRIX modules: al/AL, cd/CD, cddb, cdplayer, cl/CL,
- DEVICE, ERRNO, FILE, fl/FL, flp, fm, GET, gl/GL, GLWS, IN, imgfile,
- IOCTL, jpeg, panel, panelparser, readcd, sgi, sv/SV, torgb, WAIT.
-
-- Removed obsolete functions: commands.getstatus(), os.popen*().
-
-- Removed functions in the string module that are also string methods;
- Remove string.{letters, lowercase, uppercase}.
-
-- Removed support for long obsolete platforms: plat-aix3, plat-irix5.
-
-- Removed xmlrpclib.SlowParser. It was based on xmllib.
-
-- Patch #1680961: atexit has been reimplemented in C.
-
-- Add new codecs for UTF-32, UTF-32-LE and UTF-32-BE.
-
-Build
------
-
-C API
------
-
-- Removed these Python slots: __coerce__, __div__, __idiv__, __rdiv__.
-
-- Removed these C APIs: PyNumber_Coerce(), PyNumber_CoerceEx(),
- PyMember_Get, PyMember_Set.
-
-- Removed these C slots/fields: nb_divide, nb_inplace_divide.
-
-- Removed these macros: staticforward, statichere, PyArg_GetInt,
- PyArg_NoArgs, _PyObject_Del.
-
-- Removed these typedefs: intargfunc, intintargfunc, intobjargproc,
- intintobjargproc, getreadbufferproc, getwritebufferproc,
- getsegcountproc, getcharbufferproc, memberlist.
-
-Tests
------
-
-- Removed test.testall as test.regrtest replaces it.
-
-Documentation
--------------
-
-Mac
----
-
-- The cfmfile module was removed.
-
-Platforms
----------
-
-- Support for BeOS and AtheOS was removed (according to PEP 11).
-
-- Support for RiscOS, Irix, Tru64 was removed (alledgedly).
-
-Tools/Demos
------------
-
**(For information about older versions, consult the HISTORY file.)**
-This is Python version 3.0 release candidate 3
-==============================================
+This is Python version 3.1 alpha 0
+==================================
For notes specific to this release, see RELNOTES in this directory.
Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
Python Software Foundation.
All rights reserved.
-Python 3000 (a.k.a. "Py3k", and released as Python 3.0) is a new
-version of the language, which is incompatible with the 2.x line of
-releases. The language is mostly the same, but many details,
-especially how built-in objects like dictionaries and strings work,
-have changed considerably, and a lot of deprecated features have
-finally been removed.
+Python 3.x is a new version of the language, which is incompatible with the
+2.x line of releases. The language is mostly the same, but many details,
+especially how built-in objects like dictionaries and strings work, have
+changed considerably, and a lot of deprecated features have finally been
+removed.
This is an ongoing project; the cleanup isn't expected to be complete
until some time in 2008. In particular there are plans to reorganize
Release Schedule
----------------
-The release plan is to have a series of alpha releases in 2007 and 2008,
-beta releases in 2008, and a final release in October 2008. The alpha
-releases are primarily aimed at developers who want a sneak peek at the
-new langauge, especially those folks who plan to port their code to
-Python 3000. The hope is that by the time of the final release, many
-3rd party packages will already be available in a 3.0-compatible form.
-
-See PEP 361 for release details: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0361/
+See PEP XXX for release details: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-XXX/
Documentation
-------------
-Documentation for Python 3000 is online, updated twice a day:
+Documentation for Python 3.1 is online, updated twice a day:
- http://docs.python.org/dev/3.0/
+ http://docs.python.org/dev/3.1/
All documentation is also available online at the Python web site
(http://docs.python.org/, see below). It is available online for
This is a work in progress; please help improve it!
-The design documents for Python 3000 are also online. While the
-reference documentation is being updated, the PEPs are often the best
-source of information about new features. Start by reading PEP 3000:
+The design documents for Python 3 are also online. While the reference
+documentation is being updated, the PEPs are often the best source of
+information about new features. Start by reading PEP 3000:
http://python.org/dev/peps/pep-3000/
What's New
----------
-For an overview of what's new in Python 3000, see Guido van Rossum's
-blog at artima.com:
+For an overview of what's new in Python 3, see Guido van Rossum's blog at
+artima.com:
http://www.artima.com/weblogs/index.jsp?blogger=guido
We try to eventually have a comprehensive overview of the changes in
-the "What's New in Python 3.0" document, found at
+the "What's New in Python 3.1" document, found at
- http://docs.python.org/dev/3.0/whatsnew/3.0
+ http://docs.python.org/dev/3.1/whatsnew/3.1
Please help write it!
http://www.python.org/dev/peps/.
-Converting From Python 2.x to 3.0
+Converting From Python 2.x to 3.x
---------------------------------
-Python 2.6 (to be released concurrent with Python 3.0) will contain features
-to help locating code that needs to be changed, such as optional warnings when
-deprecated features are used, and backported versions of certain key Python
-3000 features.
+Python starting with 2.6 will contain features to help locating code that
+needs to be changed, such as optional warnings when deprecated features are
+used, and backported versions of certain key Python 3.x features.
Installing multiple versions
-Python 3.0 Release Notes
-========================
+Python 3 Release Notes
+======================
-These release notes describe unfinished work, or important notes that Python
-3.0 adopters need to be aware of. This is not a complete list of changes for
-Python 3.0 -- for that, see Misc/NEWS.
+These release notes describe unfinished work, or important notes that Python 3
+adopters need to be aware of. This is not a complete list of changes for
+Python 3 -- for that, see Misc/NEWS.
Please report bugs to http://bugs.python.org/
-The list of all known open issues for Python 3.0 can be found here:
+The list of all known open issues for Python 3 can be found here:
http://bugs.python.org/issue?%40search_text=&title=&%40columns=title&id=&%40columns=id&creation=&creator=&activity=&%40columns=activity&%40sort=activity&actor=&nosy=&type=&components=&versions=12&dependencies=&assignee=&keywords=&priority=&%40group=priority&status=1&%40columns=status&resolution=&%40pagesize=50&%40startwith=0&%40queryname=&%40old-queryname=&%40action=search
-Additional notes for Python 3.0 final
--------------------------------------
+Additional notes for Python 3
+-----------------------------
* The bsddb3 package has been removed from the standard library. It is
available as a separate distutils based package from the Python Cheeseshop.
- If you need bsddb3 support in Python 3.0, you can find it here:
+ If you need bsddb3 support in Python 3, you can find it here:
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/bsddb3
* The email package needs quite a bit of work to make it consistent with
respect to bytes and strings. There have been discussions on
- email-sig@python.org about where to go with the email package for 3.0, but
- this was not resolved in time for 3.0 final. With enough care though, the
- email package in Python 3.0 should be about as usable as it is with Python
+ email-sig@python.org about where to go with the email package for Python 3,
+ but this was not resolved in time for 3.0 final. With enough care though,
+ the email package in Python 3 should be about as usable as it is with Python
2.
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