*
* Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
*
- * $Id: pqcomm.c,v 1.69 1999/05/04 23:39:20 tgl Exp $
+ * $Id: pqcomm.c,v 1.70 1999/05/10 16:10:34 momjian Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
pqdebug("%s", PQerrormsg);
return STATUS_ERROR;
}
+
+#ifdef ONLY_REUSE_INET_SOCKETS
+ if (family == AF_INET) {
+#endif
+
if ((setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char *) &one,
sizeof(one))) == -1)
{
pqdebug("%s", PQerrormsg);
return STATUS_ERROR;
}
+
+#ifdef ONLY_REUSE_INET_SOCKETS
+ }
+#endif
+
MemSet((char *) &saddr, 0, sizeof(saddr));
saddr.sa.sa_family = family;
if (family == AF_UNIX)
#include <limits.h> /* For _POSIX_PATH_MAX */
+#ifndef MAXPATHLEN
#define MAXPATHLEN _POSIX_PATH_MAX
+#endif
+#ifndef NOFILE
#define NOFILE NOFILES_MIN
+#endif
+
+#define ONLY_REUSE_INET_SOCKETS
#define DISABLE_COMPLEX_MACRO
+
+#define USE_POSIX_TIME
+#define NO_EMPTY_STMTS
+#define SYSV_DIRENT
+
+#define HAS_TEST_AND_SET
+#define NEED_I386_TAS_ASM
+
+#define USE_UNIVEL_CC
+
+typedef unsigned char slock_t;
+
+#define DISABLE_COMPLEX_MACRO
+
+/***************************************************************
+ * The following include will get the needed prototype for the
+ * strcasecmp() function.
+ ***************************************************************/
+#include <strings.h>
+
+#ifndef BIG_ENDIAN
+#define BIG_ENDIAN 4321
+#endif
+#ifndef LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#define LITTLE_ENDIAN 1234
+#endif
+#ifndef PDP_ENDIAN
+#define PDP_ENDIAN 3412
+#endif
+#ifndef BYTE_ORDER
+#define BYTE_ORDER LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#endif
+++ /dev/null
-
-Announce: Release of PyGreSQL version 2.2
-===============================================
-
-PyGreSQL v2.2 has been released.
-It is available at: ftp://ftp.druid.net/pub/distrib/PyGreSQL-2.2.tgz.
-
-PostgreSQL is a database system derived from Postgres4.2. It conforms
-to (most of) ANSI SQL and offers many interesting capabilities (C
-dynamic linking for functions or type definition, etc.). This package
-is copyright by the Regents of the University of California, and is
-freely distributable.
-
-Python is an interpreted programming language. It is object oriented,
-simple to use (light syntax, simple and straightforward statements), and
-has many extensions for building GUIs, interfacing with WWW, etc. An
-intelligent web browser (HotJava like) is currently under development
-(November 1995), and this should open programmers many doors. Python is
-copyrighted by Stichting S Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The
-Netherlands, and is freely distributable.
-
-PyGreSQL is a python module that interfaces to a PostgreSQL database. It
-embeds the PostgreSQL query library to allow easy use of the powerful
-PostgreSQL features from a Python script.
-
-PyGreSQL 2.2 was developed and tested on a NetBSD 1.3_BETA system. It
-is based on the PyGres95 code written by Pascal Andre,
-andre@chimay.via.ecp.fr. I changed the version to 2.0 and updated the
-code for Python 1.5 and PostgreSQL 6.2.1. While I was at it I upgraded
-the code to use full ANSI style prototypes and changed the order of
-arguments to connect. Later versions are fixes and enhancements to that.
-
-Important changes from PyGreSQL 2.1 to PyGreSQL 2.2:
- - Added user and password support thanks to Ng Pheng Siong <ngps@post1.com>
- - Insert queries return the inserted oid
- - Add new pg wrapper (C module renamed to _pg)
- - Wrapped database connection in a class.
- - Cleaned up some of the tutorial. (More work needed.)
- - Added version and __version__. Thanks to thilo@eevolute.com for
- the suggestion.
-
-Important changes from PyGreSQL 2.0 to PyGreSQL 2.1:
- - return fields as proper Python objects for field type
- - Cleaned up pgext.py
- - Added dictresult method
-
-Important changes from Pygres95 1.0b to PyGreSQL 2.0:
- - Updated code for PostgreSQL 6.2.1 and Python 1.5.
- - Reformatted code and converted to ANSI .
- - Changed name to PyGreSQL (from PyGres95.)
- - Changed order of arguments to connect function.
- - Created new type pgqueryobject and moved certain methods to it.
- - Added a print function for pgqueryobject
- - Various code changes - mostly stylistic.
-
-For more information about each package, please have a look to their
-web pages:
- - Python : http://www.python.org/
- - PostgreSQL : http://www.PostgreSQL.org/
- - PyGreSQL : http://www.druid.net/pygresql/
-
-
-D'Arcy J.M. Cain
-darcy@druid.net
-
-
+++ /dev/null
-PyGreSQL changelog.
-===================
-
-This software is copyright (c) 1995, Pascal Andre (andre@via.ecp.fr)
-Further copyright 1997, 1998 by D'Arcy J.M. Cain (darcy@druid.net)
-See file README for copyright information.
-
-Version 2.2
- - Added user and password support thanks to Ng Pheng Siong <ngps@post1.com>
- - Insert queries return the inserted oid
- - Add new pg wrapper (C modile renamed to _pg)
- - Wrapped database connection in a class.
- - Cleaned up some of the tutorial. (More work needed.)
- - Added version and __version__. Thanks to thilo@eevolute.com for
- the suggestion.
-
-Version 2.1
- - return fields as proper Python objects for field type
- - Cleaned up pgext.py
- - Added dictresult method
-
-Version 2.0 (23/12/1997):
- - updated code for PostgreSQL 6.2.1 and Python 1.5
- - reformatted code and converted to ANSI
- - Changed name to PyGreSQL (from PyGres95)
- - changed order of arguments to connect function
- - Created new type pgqueryobject and moved certain methods to it.
- - Added a print function for pgqueryobject
-
-Version 1.0b (4/11/1995):
- - keyword support for connect function moved from library file to C code
- and taken away from library.
- - rewrote documentation
- - bug fix in connect function
- - enhancements in large objects interface methods
-
-Version 1.0a (30/10/1995) (limited release):
- - module adapted to standard Python syntax
- - keyword support for connect function in library file
- - rewrote default parameters interface (internal use of strings)
- - fixed minor bugs in module interface
- - redefinition of error messages
-
-Version 0.9b (10/10/1995) (first public release):
- - large objects implementation
- - many bug fixes, enhancements, ...
-
-Version 0.1a (7/10/1995):
- - basic libpq functions (SQL access)
+++ /dev/null
-
-PyGreSQL - v2.2: PostgreSQL module for Python
-==============================================
-
-0. Copyright notice
-===================
-
- PyGreSQL, version 2.2
- A Python interface for PostgreSQL database.
- Written by D'Arcy J.M. Cain, darcy@druid.net<BR>
- Based heavily on code written by Pascal Andre, andre@chimay.via.ecp.fr.
- Copyright (c) 1995, Pascal ANDRE (andre@via.ecp.fr)
-
- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
- documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement
- is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this
- paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies or in any
- new file that contains a substantial portion of this file.
-
- IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT,
- SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFITS,
- ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE
- AUTHOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
- THE AUTHOR SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
- TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
- PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE
- AUTHOR HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES,
- ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
-
- Further modifications copyright 1997 by D'Arcy J.M. Cain (darcy@druid.net)
- subject to the same terms and conditions as above.
-
-1. Presentation
-===============
-
-1.1. Introduction
------------------
-
-PostgreSQL is a database system derived from Postgres4.2. It conforms to
-(most of) ANSI SQL and offers many interesting capabilities (C dynamic linking
-for functions or type definition, etc.). This package is copyright by the
-Regents of the University of California, and is freely distributable.
-
-Python is an interpreted programming language. It is object oriented, simple
-to use (light syntax, simple and straightforward statements), and has many
-extensions for building GUIs, interfacing with WWW, etc. An intelligent web
-browser (HotJava like) is currently under development (November 1995), and
-this should open programmers many doors. Python is copyrighted by Stichting S
-Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and is freely distributable.
-
-PyGreSQL is a python module that interfaces to a PostgreSQL database. It
-embeds the PostgreSQL query library to allow easy use of the powerful
-PostgreSQL features from a Python script.
-
-PyGreSQL 2.0 was developed and tested on a NetBSD 1.3_BETA system. It is
-based on the PyGres95 code written by Pascal Andre, andre@chimay.via.ecp.fr.
-I changed the version to 2.0 and updated the code for Python 1.5 and
-PostgreSQL 6.2.1. While I was at it I upgraded the code to use full ANSI
-style prototypes and changed the order of arguments to connect.
-
-
-1.2. Distribution files
------------------------
-
- README - this file
- Announce - announcement of this release
- ChangeLog - changes that affected this package during its history
- pgmodule.c - the C python module
- pgext.py - PyGreSQL library
- This file should go in your Python library directory. It
- contains some interesting functions for pg use. All pg
- function are imported in this file.
- pg.py - PyGreSQL DB class.
- tutorial/ - demos directory
- Content: basics.py, syscat.py, advanced.py, func.py and
- pgtools.py. The samples here have been taken from the
- PostgreSQL manual and were used for module testing. They
- demonstrate some PostgreSQL features. Pgtools.py is an
- add-in used for demonstration.
-
-1.3. Installation
------------------
-
-* You first have to get and build Python and PostgreSQL.
-
-* PyGreSQL is implemented as two parts, a C module labeled _pg and a
- Python wrapper called pg.py. This changed between 2.1 and 2.2. This
- should not affect any existing programs but the installation is slightly
- different.
-
-* Find the directory where your 'Setup' file lives (usually ??/Modules) and
- copy the 'pgmodule.c' file there.
-
-* Add the following line to your Setup file
- _pg pgmodule.c -I[pgInc] -L[pgLib] -lpq # -lcrypt # needed on some systems
- where:
- [pgInc] = path of the PostgreSQL include
- [pgLib] = path of the PostgreSQL libraries
- Some options may be added to this line:
- -DNO_DEF_VAR - no default variables support
- -DNO_DIRECT - no direct access methods
- -DNO_LARGE - no large object support
- These options will be described in the next sections.
-
-* If you want a shared module, make sure that the "*shared*" keyword is
- uncommented and add the above line below it. You then need to install
- your shared modules with "make sharedinstall."
-
-* Copy pg.py to the lib directory where the rest of your modules are. For
- example, that's /usr/local/lib/Python on my system.
-
-* Do 'make -f Makefile.pre.in boot' and do 'make && make install'
-
-* For more details read the documentation at the top of Makefile.pre.in
-
-* For Linux installation look at README.linux
-
-
-1.4. Where to get ... ?
------------------------
-
-The home sites of the different packages are:
-
- - Python: ftp://ftp.python.org:/pub/python
- - PosgreSQL: ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/postgresql-6.4.tar.gz
- - PyGreSQL: ftp://ftp.druid.net/pub/distrib/pygresql-2.2.tgz
-
-A Linux RPM can be picked up from ftp://www.eevolute.com/pub/python/.
-
-
-1.5. Information and support
-----------------------------
-
-If you need information about these packages please check their web sites:
-
- - Python: http://www.python.org/
- - PostgreSQL: http://www.postgresql.org/
- - PyGres95: http://www.via.ecp.fr/via/products/pygres.html
- - PyGreSQL: http://www.druid.net/pygresql/
-
-For support:
-
- - Python: newgroup comp.lang.python
- - PostgreSQL: mailing list (see package documentation for information)
- - PyGres95: contact me (andre@via.ecp.fr) for bug reports, ideas, remarks
- I will try to answer as long as my free time allow me to do
- that.
- - PyGreSQL: contact me (darcy@druid.net) concerning the changes to 2.x.
-
-
-2. Programming information
-==========================
-
-This module defines three objects: the pgobject that handles the connection
-and all the requests to the database, the pglargeobject that handles
-all the accesses to Postgres large objects and pgqueryobject that handles
-query results.
-
-2.1. pg module description
-----------------------------
-
-The module defines only a few methods that allow to connect to a database and
-to allow to define "default variables" that override the environment variables
-used by PostgreSQL.
-
-These "default variables" were designed to allow you to handle general
-connections parameters without heavy code in your programs. You can prompt the
-user for a value, put it in the default variable, and forget it, without
-having to modify environment. The support for default variables can be disabled
-by setting the -DNO_DEF_VAR option in the Python Setup file. Methods relative
-to this are specified by te tag [DV].
-
-All variables are set to None at module initialization, specifying that
-standard environment variables should be used.
-
- 2.1.1. connect - opens a pg connection
- ----------------------------------------
-
- Syntax:
- connect(dbname, host, port, opt, tty, user, passwd)
- Parameters:
- dbname - name of connected database (string/None)
- host - name of the server host (string/None)
- port - port used by the database server (integer/-1)
- opt - connection options (string/None)
- tty - debug terminal (string/None)
- user - PostgreSQL user (string/None)
- passwd - password for user (string/None)
- Return type:
- pgobject - the object handling the connection
- Exceptions raised:
- TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments
- SyntaxError - duplicate argument definition
- pg.error - some error occurred during pg connection definition
- (+ all exceptions relative to object allocation)
- Description:
- This method opens a connection to a specified database on a given
- PostgreSQL server. You can use keywords here, as described in the
- Python tutorial;
- the names of the keywords are the name of the parameters given in the
- syntax line. For a precise description of the parameters, please refer to
- the PostgreSQL user manual.
-
- 2.1.2. get_defhost, set_defhost - default server host name handling [DV]
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: get_defhost()
- Parameters:
- none
- Return type:
- string, None - default host specification
- Exceptions raised:
- SyntaxError - too many arguments
- Description:
- This method returns the current default host specification, or None if the
- environment variables should be used. Environment variables won't be looked
- up.
-
- Syntax: set_defhost(host)
- Parameters:
- host - new default host (string/None)
- Return type:
- string, None - previous default host specification
- Exceptions raised:
- TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments
- Description:
- This methods sets the default host value for new connections. If None is
- supplied as parameter, environment variables will be used in future
- connections. It returns the previous setting for default host.
-
- 2.1.3. get_defport, set_defport - default server port handling [DV]
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: get_defport()
- Parameters: none
- Return type:
- integer, None - default port specification
- Exceptions raised:
- SyntaxError - too many arguments
- Description:
- This method returns the current default port specification, or None if
- the environment variables should be used. Environment variables won't
- be looked up.
-
- Syntax: set_defport(port)
- Parameters:
- port - new default port (integer/-1)
- Return type:
- integer, None - previous default port specification
- Description:
- This methods sets the default port value for new connections. If -1 is
- supplied as parameter, environment variables will be used in future
- connections. It returns the previous setting for default port.
-
- 2.1.4. get_defopt, set_defopt - default connection options handling [DV]
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: get_defopt()
- Parameters: none
- Return type:
- string, None - default options specification
- Exceptions raised:
- SyntaxError - too many arguments
- Description:
- This method returns the current default connection options specification,
- or None if the environment variables should be used. Environment variables
- won't be looked up.
-
- Syntax: set_defopt(options)
- Parameters:
- options - new default connection options (string/None)
- Return type:
- string, None - previous default options specification
- Exceptions raised:
- TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments
- Description:
- This methods sets the default connection options value for new connections.
- If None is supplied as parameter, environment variables will be used in
- future connections. It returns the previous setting for default options.
-
- 2.1.5. get_deftty, set_deftty - default connection debug tty handling [DV]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: get_deftty()
- Parameters: none
- Return type:
- string, None - default debug terminal specification
- Exceptions raised:
- SyntaxError - too many arguments
- Description:
- This method returns the current default debug terminal specification, or
- None if the environment variables should be used. Environment variables
- won't be looked up.
-
- Syntax: set_deftty(terminal)
- Parameters:
- terminal - new default debug terminal (string/None)
- Return type:
- string, None - previous default debug terminal specification
- Exceptions raised:
- TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments
- Description:
- This methods sets the default debug terminal value for new connections. If
- None is supplied as parameter, environment variables will be used in future
- connections. It returns the previous setting for default terminal.
-
- 2.1.6. get_defbase, set_defbase - default database name handling [DV]
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: get_defbase()
- Parameters: none
- Return type:
- string, None - default database name specification
- Exceptions raised:
- SyntaxError - too many arguments
- Description:
- This method returns the current default database name specification, or
- None if the environment variables should be used. Environment variables
- won't be looked up.
-
- Syntax: set_defbase(base)
- Parameters:
- base - new default base name (string/None)
- Return type:
- string, None - previous default database name specification
- Exceptions raised:
- TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments
- Description:
- This methods sets the default database name value for new connections. If
- None is supplied as parameter, environment variables will be used in
- future connections. It returns the previous setting for default host.
-
- 2.1.7. Module constants
- -----------------------
-
- Some constants are defined in the module dictionary. They are intended to be
-used as parameters for methods calls. You should refer to PostgreSQL user
-manual for more information about them. These constants are:
-
- - large objects access modes, used by (pgobject.)locreate and
- (pglarge.)open: (pg.)INV_READ, (pg.)INV_WRITE, (pg.)INV_ARCHIVE
- - positional flags, used by (pglarge.)seek: (pg.)SEEK_SET,
- (pg.)SEEK_CUR, (pg.)SEEK_END.
- - version and __version__ constants that give the current version.
-
-2.2. pgobject description
----------------------------
-
- This object handle a connection to a PostgreSQL database. It embeds and
-hides all the parameters that define this connection, thus just leaving really
-significant parameters in function calls.
- Some methods give direct access to the connection socket. They are specified
-by the tag [DA]. DO NOT USE THEM UNLESS YOU REALLY KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING. If
-you prefer disabling them, set the -DNO_DIRECT option in the Python Setup file.
- Some other methods give access to large objects (refer to PostgreSQL user
-manual for more information about these). if you want to forbid access to these
-from the module, set the -DNO_LARGE option in the Python Setup file. These
-methods are specified by the tag [LO].
-
- 2.2.1. query - executes a SQL command string
- --------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: query(command)
- Parameters:
- command - SQL command (string)
- Return type:
- pgqueryobject, None - result values
- Exceptions raised:
- TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments.
- ValueError - empty SQL query
- pg.error - error during query processing, or invalid connection
- Description:
- This method simply sends a SQL query to the database. If the query is
- an insert statement, the return value is the OID of the newly
- inserted row. If it is otherwise a query that does not return a result
- (ie. is not a some kind of SELECT statement), it returns None.
- Otherwise, it returns a pgqueryobject that can be accessed via the
- getresult method or printed.
-
- pgqueryobject methods
- ---------------------
-
- 2.2.1.1. getresult - gets the values returned by the query
- -------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: getresult()
- Parameters: none
- Return type:
- list - result values
- Exceptions raised:
- SyntaxError - too many parameters
- pg.error - invalid previous result
- Description:
- This method returns the list of the values returned by the query.
- More information about this result may be get using listfields,
- fieldname and fiednum methods.
-
- 2.2.1.2. dictresult - like getresult but returns list of dictionaries
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: dictresult()
- Parameters: none
- Return type:
- list - result values as a dictionary
- Exceptions raised:
- SyntaxError - too many parameters
- pg.error - invalid previous result
- Description:
- This method returns the list of the values returned by the query
- with each tuple returned as a dictionary with the field names
- used as the dictionary index.
-
-
- 2.2.3. listfields - lists the fields names of the previous query result
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: listfields()
- Parameters: none
- Return type:
- list - fields names
- Exceptions raised:
- SyntaxError - too many parameters
- pg.error - invalid previous result, or invalid connection
- Description:
- This method returns the list of names of the fields defined for the
- query result. The fields are in the same order as the result values.
-
- 2.2.4. fieldname, fieldnum - field name-number conversion
- ---------------------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: fieldname(i)
- Parameters:
- i - field number (integer)
- Return type:
- string - field name
- Exceptions raised:
- TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
- ValueError - invalid field number
- pg.error - invalid previous result, or invalid connection
- Description:
- This method allows to find a field name from its rank number. It can be
- useful for displaying a result. The fields are in the same order than the
- result values.
-
- Syntax: fieldnum(name)
- Parameters:
- name - field name (string)
- Return type:
- integer - field number
- Exceptions raised:
- TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
- ValueError - unknown field name
- pg.error - invalid previous result, or invalid connection
- Description:
- This method returns a field number from its name. It can be used to
- build a function that converts result list strings to their correct
- type, using a hardcoded table definition. The number returned is the
- field rank in the result values list.
-
- 2.2.5. getnotify - gets the last notify from the server
- -------------------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: getnotify()
- Parameters: none
- Return type:
- tuple, None - last notify from server
- Exceptions raised:
- SyntaxError - too many parameters
- pg.error - invalid connection
- Description:
- This methods try to get a notify from the server (from the SQL statement
- NOTIFY). If the server returns no notify, the methods returns None.
- Otherwise, it returns a tuple (couple) (relname, pid), where relname is the
- name of the notify and pid the process id of the connection that triggered
- the notify.
-
- 2.2.6. inserttable - insert a list into a table
- -----------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: inserttable(table, values)
- Parameters:
- table - the table name (string)
- values - list of rows values (list)
- Return type:
- None
- Exception raised:
- pg.error - invalid connection
- TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments
- Description:
- This method allow to quickly insert large blocks of data in a table: it
- inserts the whole values list into the given table. The list is a list of
- tuples/lists that define the values for each inserted row. The rows values
- may contain string, integer, long or double (real) values.
- BE VERY CAREFUL: this method doesn't typecheck the fields according to the
- table definition; it just look whether or not it knows how to handle such
- types.
-
- 2.2.7. putline - writes a line to the server socket [DA]
- --------------------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: putline(line)
- Parameters:
- line - line to be written (string)
- Return type:
- None
- Exceptions raised:
- pg.error - invalid connection
- TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
- Description:
- This method allows to directly write a string to the server socket.
-
- 2.2.8. getline - gets a line from server socket [DA]
- ----------------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: getline()
- Parameters: none
- Return type:
- string - the line read
- Exceptions raised:
- pg.error - invalid connection
- SyntaxError - too many parameters
- Description:
- This method allows to directly read a string from the server socket.
-
- 2.2.9. endcopy - synchronizes client and server [DA]
- ----------------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: endcopy()
- Parameters: none
- Return type:
- None
- Exceptions raised:
- pg.error - invalid connection
- SyntaxError - too many parameters
- Description:
- The use of direct access methods may desynchonize client and server. This
- method ensure that client and server will be synchronized.
-
- 2.2.10. locreate - creates of large object in the database [LO]
- ---------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: locreate(mode)
- Parameters:
- mode - large object create mode
- Return type:
- pglarge - object handling the postgres large object
- Exceptions raised:
- pg.error - invalid connection, or creation error
- TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
- Description:
- This method creates a large object in the database. The mode can be defined
- by OR-ing the constants defined in the pg module (INV_READ, INV_WRITE and
- INV_ARCHIVE). Please refer to PostgreSQL user manual for a description of
- the mode values.
-
- 2.2.11. getlo - builds a large object from given oid [LO]
- ---------------------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: getlo(oid)
- Parameters:
- oid - oid of the existing large object (integer)
- Return type:
- pglarge - object handling the postgres large object
- Exceptions raised:
- pg.error - invalid connection
- TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
- ValueError - bad oid value (0 is invalid_oid)
- Description:
- This method allows to reuse a formerly created large object through the
- pglarge interface, providing the user have its oid.
-
- 2.2.12. loimport - import a file to a postgres large object [LO]
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: loimport(name)
- Parameters:
- name - the name of the file to be imported (string)
- Return type:
- pglarge - object handling the postgres large object
- Exceptions raised:
- pg.error - invalid connection, or error during file import
- TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments
- Description:
- This methods allows to create large objects in a very simple way. You just
- give the name of a file containing the data to be use.
-
- 2.2.13. pgobject attributes
- -----------------------------
-
- Every pgobject defines a set of read-only attributes that describe the
-connection and its status. These attributes are:
- host - the hostname of the server (string)
- port - the port of the server (integer)
- db - the selected database (string)
- options - the connection options (string)
- tty - the connection debug terminal (string)
- user - the username on the database system (string)
- status - the status of the connection (integer: 1 - OK, 0 - BAD)
- error - the last warning/error message from the server (string)
-
-2.3. pglarge description
---------------------------
-
- This object handles all the request concerning a postgres large object. It
-embeds and hides all the 'recurrent' variables (object oid and connection),
-exactly in the same way pgobjects do, thus only keeping significant
-parameters in function calls. It keeps a reference to the pgobject used for
-its creation, sending requests though with its parameters. Any modification but
-dereferencing the pgobject will thus affect the pglarge object.
-Dereferencing the initial pgobject is not a problem since Python won't
-deallocate it before the large object dereference it.
- All functions return a generic error message on call error, whatever the
-exact error was. The 'error' attribute of the object allow to get the exact
-error message.
-
- 2.3.1. open - opens a large object
- ----------------------------------
-
- Syntax: open(mode)
- Parameters:
- mode - open mode definition (integer)
- Return type:
- None
- Exceptions raised:
- pg.error - invalid connection
- TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
- IOError - already opened object, or open error
- Description:
- This method opens a large object for reading/writing, in the same way than
- the UNIX open() function. The mode value can be obtained by OR-ing the
- constants defined in the pgmodule (INV_READ, INV_WRITE).
-
- 2.3.2. close - closes a large object
- ------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: close()
- Parameters: none
- Return type:
- None
- Exceptions raised:
- pg.error - invalid connection
- SyntaxError - too many parameters
- IOError - object is not opened, or close error
- Description:
- This method closes a previously opened large object, in the same way than
- the UNIX close() function.
-
- 2.3.4. read, write, tell, seek, unlink - file like large object handling
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: read(size)
- Parameters:
- size - maximal size of the buffer to be read
- Return type:
- sized string - the read buffer
- Exceptions raised:
- pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object
- TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
- IOError - object is not opened, or read error
- Description:
- This function allows to read data from a large object, starting at current
- position.
-
- Syntax: write(string)
- Parameters:
- (sized) string - buffer to be written
- Return type:
- None
- Exceptions raised:
- pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object
- TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
- IOError - object is not opened, or write error
- Description:
- This function allows to write data to a large object, starting at current
- position.
-
- Syntax: seek(offset, whence)
- Parameters:
- offset - position offset
- whence - positional parameter
- Return type:
- integer - new position in object
- Exception raised:
- pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object
- TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
- IOError - object is not opened, or seek error
- Description:
- This method allows to move the position cursor in the large object. The
- whence parameter can be obtained by OR-ing the constants defined in the
- pg module (SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END).
-
- Syntax: tell()
- Parameters: none
- Return type:
- integer - current position in large object
- Exception raised:
- pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object
- SyntaxError - too many parameters
- IOError - object is not opened, or seek error
- Description:
- This method allows to get the current position in the large object.
-
- Syntax: unlink()
- Parameter: none
- Return type:
- None
- Exception raised:
- pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object
- SyntaxError - too many parameters
- IOError - object is not closed, or unlink error
- Description:
- This methods unlinks (deletes) the postgres large object.
-
- 2.3.5. size - gives the large object size
- -----------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: size()
- Parameters: none
- Return type:
- integer - large object size
- Exceptions raised:
- pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object
- SyntaxError - too many parameters
- IOError - object is not opened, or seek/tell error
- Description:
- This (composite) method allows to get the size of a large object. Currently
- the large object needs to be opened. It was implemented because this
- function is very useful for a WWW interfaced database.
-
- 2.3.6. export - saves a large object to a file
- ----------------------------------------------
-
- Syntax: export(name)
- Parameters:
- name - file to be created
- Return type:
- None
- Exception raised:
- pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object
- TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
- IOError - object is not closed, or export error
- Description:
- This methods allows to dump the content of a large object in a very simple
- way. The exported file is created on the host of the program, not the
- server host.
-
- 2.3.7. Object attributes
- ------------------------
-
- pglarge objects define a read-only set of attributes that allow to get some
-information about it. These attributes are:
- oid - the oid associated with the object
- pgcnx - the pgobject associated with the object
- error - the last warning/error message of the connection
-BE CAREFUL: in multithreaded environments, 'error' may be modified by another
-thread using the same pgobject. Remember these object are shared, not
-duplicated. You should provide some locking to be able if you want to check
-this.
- The oid attribute is very interesting because it allow you reuse the oid
-later, creating the pglarge object with a pgobject getlo() method call.
-
-
-3. The pg wrapper
-================
-
-The previous functions are wrapped in a module called pg. The module
-has a class called DB. The above functions are also included in the
-name space so it isn't necessary to import both modules. The preferred
-way to use this module is as follows.
-
-from pg import DB
-db = DB(...) # See description of the initialization method below.
-
-The following describes the methods and variables of this class.
-
-
- 3.1. Initialization
- -------------------
- The DB class is initialized with the same arguments as the connect
- method described in section 2. It also initializes a few internal
- variables. The statement 'db = DB()' will open the local database
- with the name of the user just like connect() does.
-
- 3.2. pkey
- ---------
- Syntax:
- pkey(table)
- Parameters:
- table - name of table
- Returns:
- Name of field which is the primary key of the table.
- Description:
- This method returns the primary key of a table. Note that this raises
- an exception if the table doesn't have a primary key. Further, in the
- current implementation of PostgreSQL the 'PRIMARY KEY' syntax doesn't
- actually fill in the necessary tables to determine primary keys. You
- can do this yourself with the following query. Replace $0 with the
- table name and $1 with the attribute that is the primary key.
-
- UPDATE pg_index SET indisprimary = 't'
- WHERE pg_index.oid in (SELECT pg_index.oid
- FROM pg_class, pg_attribute, pg_index
- WHERE pg_class.oid = pg_attribute.attrelid AND
- pg_class.oid = pg_index.indrelid AND
- pg_index.indkey[0] = pg_attribute.attnum AND
- pg_class.relname = '$0' AND
- pg_attribute.attname = '$1');
-
- 3.3. get_attnames
- -----------------
- Syntax:
- get_attnames(table)
- Parameters:
- table - name of table
- Returns:
- List of attribute names
- Description:
- Given the name of a table, digs out the list of attribute names.
-
- 3.4. get
- --------
- Syntax:
- get(table, arg, [keyname])
- Parameters:
- table - name of table
- arg - either a dictionary or the value to be looked up
- keyname - name of field to use as key (optional)
- Returns:
- A dictionary mapping attribute names to row values.
- Description:
- This method is the basic mechanism to get a single row. It assumes
- that the key specifies a unique row. If keyname is not specified
- then the primary key for the table is used. If arg is a dictionary
- then the value for the key is taken from it and it is modified to
- include the new values, replacing existing values where necessary.
- The oid is also put into the dictionary but in order to allow the
- caller to work with multiple tables, the attribute name is munged
- to make it unique. It consists of the string "oid_" followed by
- the name of the table.
-
-
- 3.5. insert
- -----------
- Syntax:
- insert(table, a)
- Parameters:
- table - name of table
- a - a dictionary of values
- Returns:
- The OID of the newly inserted row.
- Description:
- This method inserts values into the table specified filling in the
- values from the dictionary.
-
-
- 3.6. update
- -----------
- Syntax:
- update(table, a)
- Parameters:
- table - name of table
- a - a dictionary of values
- Returns:
- A dictionary with the new row
- Description:
- Similar to insert but updates an existing row. The update is based
- on the OID value as munged by get. The array returned is the
- one sent modified to reflect any changes caused by the update due
- to triggers, rules, defaults, etc.
-
- 3.7. clear
- ----------
- Syntax:
- clear(table, [a])
- Parameters:
- table - name of table
- a - a dictionary of values
- Returns:
- A dictionary with an empty row
- Description:
- This method clears all the attributes to values determined by the types.
- Numeric types are set to 0, dates are set to 'TODAY' and everything
- else is set to the empty string. If the array argument is present,
- it is used as the array and any entries matching attribute names
- are cleared with everything else left unchanged.
-
- 3.8. delete
- -----------
- Syntax:
- delete(table, a)
- Parameters:
- table - name of table
- a - a dictionary of values
- Returns:
- None
- Description:
- This method deletes the row from a table. It deletes based on the OID
- as munged as described above.
-
- 3.9. Convenience methods
- ------------------------
- In order to allow all access to a connection to be done through the DB
- class, the following methods wrap the basic functions.
-
- query
- reset
- getnotify
- inserttable
-
- The following depend on being activated in the underlying C code
-
- putline
- getline
- endcopy
- locreate
- getlo
- loimport
-
-
-4. Future directions
-====================
-
-The large object and direct access functions need much more attention.
-
-I want to add a DB-SIG API wrapper around the underlying module.
-
+++ /dev/null
-#! /usr/local/bin/python
-# advanced.py - demo of advanced features of PostGres. Some may not be ANSI.
-# inspired from the Postgres tutorial
-# adapted to Python 1995 by Pascal Andre
-
-print "__________________________________________________________________"
-print "MODULE ADVANCED.PY : ADVANCED POSTGRES SQL COMMANDS TUTORIAL"
-print
-print "This module is designed for being imported from python prompt"
-print
-print "In order to run the samples included here, first create a connection"
-print "using : cnx = advanced.connect(...)"
-print "then start the demo with: advanced.demo(cnx)"
-print "__________________________________________________________________"
-
-from pgtools import *
-from pgext import *
-
-# inheritance features
-def inherit_demo(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Inheritance:"
- print "-- a table can inherit from zero or more tables. A query"
- print "-- can reference either all rows of a table or all rows "
- print "-- of a table plus all of its descendants."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "-- For example, the capitals table inherits from cities table."
- print "-- (It inherits all data fields from cities.)"
- print
- print "CREATE TABLE cities ("
- print " name text,"
- print " population float8,"
- print " altitude int"
- print ")"
- print
- print "CREATE TABLE capitals ("
- print " state varchar(2)"
- print ") INHERITS (cities)"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE TABLE cities (" \
- "name text," \
- "population float8," \
- "altitude int)")
- pgcnx.query("CREATE TABLE capitals (" \
- "state varchar(2)) INHERITS (cities)")
- wait_key()
- print
- print "-- now, let's populate the tables"
- print
- print "INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('San Francisco', 7.24E+5, 63)"
- print "INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('Las Vegas', 2.583E+5, 2174)"
- print "INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('Mariposa', 1200, 1953)"
- print
- print "INSERT INTO capitals VALUES ('Sacramento', 3.694E+5, 30, 'CA')"
- print "INSERT INTO capitals VALUES ('Madison', 1.913E+5, 845, 'WI')"
- print
- pgcnx.query(
- "INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('San Francisco', 7.24E+5, 63)")
- pgcnx.query(
- "INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('Las Vegas', 2.583E+5, 2174)")
- pgcnx.query(
- "INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('Mariposa', 1200, 1953)")
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO capitals" \
- " VALUES ('Sacramento', 3.694E+5, 30, 'CA')")
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO capitals" \
- " VALUES ('Madison', 1.913E+5, 845, 'WI')")
- print
- print "SELECT * FROM cities"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM cities")
- print "SELECT * FROM capitals"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM capitals")
- print
- print "-- like before, a regular query references rows of the base"
- print "-- table only"
- print
- print "SELECT name, altitude"
- print "FROM cities"
- print "WHERE altitude > 500;"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT name, altitude " \
- "FROM cities " \
- "WHERE altitude > 500")
- print
- print "-- on the other hand, you can find all cities, including "
- print "-- capitals, that are located at an altitude of 500 'ft "
- print "-- or higher by:"
- print
- print "SELECT c.name, c.altitude"
- print "FROM cities* c"
- print "WHERE c.altitude > 500"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT c.name, c.altitude " \
- "FROM cities* c " \
- "WHERE c.altitude > 500")
-
-# arrays attributes
-def array_demo(pgcnx):
- print "----------------------"
- print "-- Arrays:"
- print "-- attributes can be arrays of base types or user-defined "
- print "-- types"
- print "----------------------"
- print
- print "CREATE TABLE sal_emp ("
- print " name text,"
- print " pay_by_quarter int4[],"
- print " schedule text[][]"
- print ")"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE TABLE sal_emp (" \
- "name text," \
- "pay_by_quarter int4[]," \
- "schedule text[][])")
- wait_key()
- print
- print "-- insert instances with array attributes. "
- print " Note the use of braces"
- print
- print "INSERT INTO sal_emp VALUES ("
- print " 'Bill',"
- print " '{10000,10000,10000,10000}',"
- print " '{{\"meeting\", \"lunch\"}, {}}')"
- print
- print "INSERT INTO sal_emp VALUES ("
- print " 'Carol',"
- print " '{20000,25000,25000,25000}',"
- print " '{{\"talk\", \"consult\"}, {\"meeting\"}}')"
- print
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO sal_emp VALUES (" \
- "'Bill', '{10000,10000,10000,10000}'," \
- "'{{\"meeting\", \"lunch\"}, {}}')")
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO sal_emp VALUES (" \
- "'Carol', '{20000,25000,25000,25000}'," \
- "'{{\"talk\", \"consult\"}, {\"meeting\"}}')")
- wait_key()
- print
- print "----------------------"
- print "-- queries on array attributes"
- print "----------------------"
- print
- print "SELECT name FROM sal_emp WHERE"
- print " sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[1] <> sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[2]"
- print
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT name FROM sal_emp WHERE " \
- "sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[1] <> sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[2]")
- print
- print "-- retrieve third quarter pay of all employees"
- print
- print "SELECT sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[3] FROM sal_emp"
- print
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[3] FROM sal_emp")
- print
- print "-- select subarrays"
- print
- print "SELECT sal_emp.schedule[1:2][1:1] FROM sal_emp WHERE "
- print " sal_emp.name = 'Bill'"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT sal_emp.schedule[1:2][1:1] FROM sal_emp WHERE " \
- "sal_emp.name = 'Bill'")
-
-# base cleanup
-def demo_cleanup(pgcnx):
- print "-- clean up (you must remove the children first)"
- print "DROP TABLE sal_emp"
- print "DROP TABLE capitals"
- print "DROP TABLE cities;"
- pgcnx.query("DROP TABLE sal_emp")
- pgcnx.query("DROP TABLE capitals")
- pgcnx.query("DROP TABLE cities")
-
-# main demo function
-def demo(pgcnx):
- inherit_demo(pgcnx)
- array_demo(pgcnx)
- demo_cleanup(pgcnx)
+++ /dev/null
-#! /usr/local/bin/python
-# basics.py - basic SQL commands tutorial
-# inspired from the Postgres95 tutorial
-# adapted to Python 1995 by Pascal ANDRE
-
-print "__________________________________________________________________"
-print "MODULE BASICS.PY : BASIC SQL COMMANDS TUTORIAL"
-print
-print "This module is designed for being imported from python prompt"
-print
-print "In order to run the samples included here, first create a connection"
-print "using : cnx = basics.connect(...)"
-print "then start the demo with: basics.demo(cnx)"
-print "__________________________________________________________________"
-
-from pgext import *
-from pgtools import *
-
-# table creation commands
-def create_table(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Creating a table:"
- print "-- a CREATE TABLE is used to create base tables. POSTGRES"
- print "-- SQL has its own set of built-in types. (Note that"
- print "-- keywords are case-insensitive but identifiers are "
- print "-- case-sensitive.)"
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "Sending query :"
- print "CREATE TABLE weather ("
- print " city varchar(80),"
- print " temp_lo int,"
- print " temp_hi int,"
- print " prcp float8,"
- print " date date"
- print ")"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE TABLE weather (city varchar(80), temp_lo int," \
- "temp_hi int, prcp float8, date date)")
- print
- print "Sending query :"
- print "CREATE TABLE cities ("
- print " name varchar(80),"
- print " location point"
- print ")"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE TABLE cities (" \
- "name varchar(80)," \
- "location point)")
-
-# data insertion commands
-def insert_data(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Inserting data:"
- print "-- an INSERT statement is used to insert a new row into"
- print "-- a table. There are several ways you can specify what"
- print "-- columns the data should go to."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "-- 1. the simplest case is when the list of value correspond to"
- print "-- the order of the columns specified in CREATE TABLE."
- print
- print "Sending query :"
- print "INSERT INTO weather "
- print " VALUES ('San Francisco', 46, 50, 0.25, '11/27/1994')"
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO weather " \
- "VALUES ('San Francisco', 46, 50, 0.25, '11/27/1994')")
- print
- print "Sending query :"
- print "INSERT INTO cities "
- print " VALUES ('San Francisco', '(-194.0, 53.0)')"
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO cities " \
- "VALUES ('San Francisco', '(-194.0, 53.0)')")
- print
- wait_key()
- print "-- 2. you can also specify what column the values correspond "
- print " to. (The columns can be specified in any order. You may "
- print " also omit any number of columns. eg. unknown precipitation"
- print " below)"
- print "Sending query :"
- print "INSERT INTO weather (city, temp_lo, temp_hi, prcp, date)"
- print " VALUES ('San Francisco', 43, 57, 0.0, '11/29/1994')"
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO weather (date, city, temp_hi, temp_lo)" \
- "VALUES ('11/29/1994', 'Hayward', 54, 37)")
-
-# direct selection commands
-def select_data1(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Retrieving data:"
- print "-- a SELECT statement is used for retrieving data. The "
- print "-- basic syntax is:"
- print "-- SELECT columns FROM tables WHERE predicates"
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "-- a simple one would be the query:"
- print "SELECT * FROM weather"
- print
- print "The result is :"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM weather")
- print q
- print
- print "-- you may also specify expressions in the target list (the "
- print "-- 'AS column' specifies the column name of the result. It is "
- print "-- optional.)"
- print "The query :"
- print " SELECT city, (temp_hi+temp_lo)/2 AS temp_avg, date "
- print " FROM weather"
- print "Gives :"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT city, (temp_hi+temp_lo)/2 " \
- "AS temp_avg, date FROM weather")
- print
- print "-- if you want to retrieve rows that satisfy certain condition"
- print "-- (ie. a restriction), specify the condition in WHERE. The "
- print "-- following retrieves the weather of San Francisco on rainy "
- print "-- days."
- print "SELECT *"
- print "FROM weather"
- print "WHERE city = 'San Francisco' "
- print " and prcp > 0.0"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM weather WHERE city = 'San Francisco'" \
- " AND prcp > 0.0")
- print
- print "-- here is a more complicated one. Duplicates are removed when "
- print "-- DISTINCT is specified. ORDER BY specifies the column to sort"
- print "-- on. (Just to make sure the following won't confuse you, "
- print "-- DISTINCT and ORDER BY can be used separately.)"
- print "SELECT DISTINCT city"
- print "FROM weather"
- print "ORDER BY city;"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT DISTINCT city FROM weather ORDER BY city")
-
-# selection to a temporary table
-def select_data2(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Retrieving data into other classes:"
- print "-- a SELECT ... INTO statement can be used to retrieve "
- print "-- data into another class."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "The query :"
- print "SELECT * INTO TABLE temp "
- print "FROM weather"
- print "WHERE city = 'San Francisco' "
- print " and prcp > 0.0"
- pgcnx.query("SELECT * INTO TABLE temp FROM weather " \
- "WHERE city = 'San Francisco' and prcp > 0.0")
- print "Fills the table temp, that can be listed with :"
- print "SELECT * from temp"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT * from temp")
-
-# aggregate creation commands
-def create_aggregate(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Aggregates"
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "Let's consider the query :"
- print "SELECT max(temp_lo)"
- print "FROM weather;"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT max(temp_lo) FROM weather")
- print
- print "-- Aggregate with GROUP BY"
- print "SELECT city, max(temp_lo)"
- print "FROM weather "
- print "GROUP BY city;"
- print pgcnx.query( "SELECT city, max(temp_lo)" \
- "FROM weather GROUP BY city")
-
-# table join commands
-def join_table(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Joining tables:"
- print "-- queries can access multiple tables at once or access"
- print "-- the same table in such a way that multiple instances"
- print "-- of the table are being processed at the same time."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "-- suppose we want to find all the records that are in the "
- print "-- temperature range of other records. W1 and W2 are aliases "
- print "--for weather."
- print
- print "SELECT W1.city, W1.temp_lo, W1.temp_hi, "
- print " W2.city, W2.temp_lo, W2.temp_hi"
- print "FROM weather W1, weather W2"
- print "WHERE W1.temp_lo < W2.temp_lo "
- print " and W1.temp_hi > W2.temp_hi"
- print
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT W1.city, W1.temp_lo, W1.temp_hi, " \
- "W2.city, W2.temp_lo, W2.temp_hi FROM weather W1, weather W2 "\
- "WHERE W1.temp_lo < W2.temp_lo and W1.temp_hi > W2.temp_hi")
- print
- print "-- let's join two tables. The following joins the weather table"
- print "-- and the cities table."
- print
- print "SELECT city, location, prcp, date"
- print "FROM weather, cities"
- print "WHERE name = city"
- print
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT city, location, prcp, date FROM weather, cities"\
- " WHERE name = city")
- print
- print "-- since the column names are all different, we don't have to "
- print "-- specify the table name. If you want to be clear, you can do "
- print "-- the following. They give identical results, of course."
- print
- print "SELECT w.city, c.location, w.prcp, w.date"
- print "FROM weather w, cities c"
- print "WHERE c.name = w.city;"
- print
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT w.city, c.location, w.prcp, w.date " \
- "FROM weather w, cities c WHERE c.name = w.city")
-
-# data updating commands
-def update_data(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Updating data:"
- print "-- an UPDATE statement is used for updating data. "
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "-- suppose you discover the temperature readings are all off by"
- print "-- 2 degrees as of Nov 28, you may update the data as follow:"
- print
- print "UPDATE weather"
- print " SET temp_hi = temp_hi - 2, temp_lo = temp_lo - 2"
- print " WHERE date > '11/28/1994'"
- print
- pgcnx.query("UPDATE weather " \
- "SET temp_hi = temp_hi - 2, temp_lo = temp_lo - 2" \
- "WHERE date > '11/28/1994'")
- print
- print "SELECT * from weather"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT * from weather")
-
-# data deletion commands
-def delete_data(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Deleting data:"
- print "-- a DELETE statement is used for deleting rows from a "
- print "-- table."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "-- suppose you are no longer interested in the weather of "
- print "-- Hayward, you can do the following to delete those rows from"
- print "-- the table"
- print
- print "DELETE FROM weather WHERE city = 'Hayward'"
- pgcnx.query("DELETE FROM weather WHERE city = 'Hayward'")
- print
- print "SELECT * from weather"
- print
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT * from weather")
- print
- print "-- you can also delete all the rows in a table by doing the "
- print "-- following. (This is different from DROP TABLE which removes "
- print "-- the table in addition to the removing the rows.)"
- print
- print "DELETE FROM weather"
- pgcnx.query("DELETE FROM weather")
- print
- print "SELECT * from weather"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT * from weather")
-
-# table removal commands
-def remove_table(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Removing the tables:"
- print "-- DROP TABLE is used to remove tables. After you have"
- print "-- done this, you can no longer use those tables."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "DROP TABLE weather, cities, temp"
- pgcnx.query("DROP TABLE weather, cities, temp")
-
-# main demo function
-def demo(pgcnx):
- create_table(pgcnx)
- wait_key()
- insert_data(pgcnx)
- wait_key()
- select_data1(pgcnx)
- select_data2(pgcnx)
- create_aggregate(pgcnx)
- join_table(pgcnx)
- update_data(pgcnx)
- delete_data(pgcnx)
- remove_table(pgcnx)
+++ /dev/null
-# func.py - demonstrate the use of SQL functions
-# inspired from the PostgreSQL tutorial
-# adapted to Python 1995 by Pascal ANDRE
-
-print "__________________________________________________________________"
-print "MODULE FUNC.PY : SQL FUNCTION DEFINITION TUTORIAL"
-print
-print "This module is designed for being imported from python prompt"
-print
-print "In order to run the samples included here, first create a connection"
-print "using : cnx = func.connect(...)"
-print "then start the demo with: func.demo(cnx)"
-print "__________________________________________________________________"
-
-from pgtools import *
-from pgext import *
-
-# basic functions declaration
-def base_func(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Creating SQL Functions on Base Types"
- print "-- a CREATE FUNCTION statement lets you create a new "
- print "-- function that can be used in expressions (in SELECT, "
- print "-- INSERT, etc.). We will start with functions that "
- print "-- return values of base types."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "--"
- print "-- let's create a simple SQL function that takes no arguments"
- print "-- and returns 1"
- print
- print "CREATE FUNCTION one() RETURNS int4"
- print " AS 'SELECT 1 as ONE' LANGUAGE 'sql'"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE FUNCTION one() RETURNS int4 " \
- "AS 'SELECT 1 as ONE' LANGUAGE 'sql'")
- wait_key()
- print
- print "--"
- print "-- functions can be used in any expressions (eg. in the target"
- print "-- list or qualifications)"
- print
- print "SELECT one() AS answer"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT one() AS answer")
- print
- print "--"
- print "-- here's how you create a function that takes arguments. The"
- print "-- following function returns the sum of its two arguments:"
- print
- print "CREATE FUNCTION add_em(int4, int4) RETURNS int4"
- print " AS 'SELECT $1 + $2' LANGUAGE 'sql'"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE FUNCTION add_em(int4, int4) RETURNS int4 " \
- "AS 'SELECT $1 + $2' LANGUAGE 'sql'")
- print
- print "SELECT add_em(1, 2) AS answer"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT add_em(1, 2) AS answer")
-
-# functions on composite types
-def comp_func(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Creating SQL Functions on Composite Types"
- print "-- it is also possible to create functions that return"
- print "-- values of composite types."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "-- before we create more sophisticated functions, let's "
- print "-- populate an EMP table"
- print
- print "CREATE TABLE EMP ("
- print " name text,"
- print " salary int4,"
- print " age int4,"
- print " dept varchar(16)"
- print ")"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE TABLE EMP (" \
- "name text," \
- "salary int4," \
- "age int4," \
- "dept varchar(16))")
- print
- print "INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Sam', 1200, 16, 'toy')"
- print "INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Claire', 5000, 32, 'shoe')"
- print "INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Andy', -1000, 2, 'candy')"
- print "INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Bill', 4200, 36, 'shoe')"
- print "INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Ginger', 4800, 30, 'candy')"
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Sam', 1200, 16, 'toy')")
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Claire', 5000, 32, 'shoe')")
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Andy', -1000, 2, 'candy')")
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Bill', 4200, 36, 'shoe')")
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Ginger', 4800, 30, 'candy')")
- wait_key()
- print
- print "-- the argument of a function can also be a tuple. For "
- print "-- instance, double_salary takes a tuple of the EMP table"
- print
- print "CREATE FUNCTION double_salary(EMP) RETURNS int4"
- print " AS 'SELECT $1.salary * 2 AS salary' LANGUAGE 'sql'"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE FUNCTION double_salary(EMP) RETURNS int4 " \
- "AS 'SELECT $1.salary * 2 AS salary' LANGUAGE 'sql'")
- print
- print "SELECT name, double_salary(EMP) AS dream"
- print "FROM EMP"
- print "WHERE EMP.dept = 'toy'"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT name, double_salary(EMP) AS dream " \
- "FROM EMP WHERE EMP.dept = 'toy'")
- print
- print "-- the return value of a function can also be a tuple. However,"
- print "-- make sure that the expressions in the target list is in the "
- print "-- same order as the columns of EMP."
- print
- print "CREATE FUNCTION new_emp() RETURNS EMP"
- print " AS 'SELECT \'None\'::text AS name,"
- print " 1000 AS salary,"
- print " 25 AS age,"
- print " \'none\'::varchar(16) AS dept'"
- print " LANGUAGE 'sql'"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE FUNCTION new_emp() RETURNS EMP " \
- "AS 'SELECT \\\'None\\\'::text AS name, " \
- "1000 AS salary, " \
- "25 AS age, " \
- "\\\'none\\\'::varchar(16) AS dept' " \
- "LANGUAGE 'sql'")
- wait_key()
- print
- print "-- you can then project a column out of resulting the tuple by"
- print "-- using the \"function notation\" for projection columns. "
- print "-- (ie. bar(foo) is equivalent to foo.bar) Note that we don't"
- print "-- support new_emp().name at this moment."
- print
- print "SELECT name(new_emp()) AS nobody"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT name(new_emp()) AS nobody")
- print
- print "-- let's try one more function that returns tuples"
- print "CREATE FUNCTION high_pay() RETURNS setof EMP"
- print " AS 'SELECT * FROM EMP where salary > 1500'"
- print " LANGUAGE 'sql'"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE FUNCTION high_pay() RETURNS setof EMP " \
- "AS 'SELECT * FROM EMP where salary > 1500' " \
- "LANGUAGE 'sql'")
- print
- print "SELECT name(high_pay()) AS overpaid"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT name(high_pay()) AS overpaid")
-
-# function with multiple SQL commands
-def mult_func(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Creating SQL Functions with multiple SQL statements"
- print "-- you can also create functions that do more than just a"
- print "-- SELECT."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "-- you may have noticed that Andy has a negative salary. We'll"
- print "-- create a function that removes employees with negative "
- print "-- salaries."
- print
- print "SELECT * FROM EMP"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM EMP")
- print
- print "CREATE FUNCTION clean_EMP () RETURNS int4"
- print " AS 'DELETE FROM EMP WHERE EMP.salary <= 0"
- print " SELECT 1 AS ignore_this'"
- print " LANGUAGE 'sql'"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE FUNCTION clean_EMP () RETURNS int4 AS 'DELETE FROM EMP WHERE EMP.salary <= 0; SELECT 1 AS ignore_this' LANGUAGE 'sql'")
- print
- print "SELECT clean_EMP()"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT clean_EMP()")
- print
- print "SELECT * FROM EMP"
- print pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM EMP")
-
-# base cleanup
-def demo_cleanup(pgcnx):
- print "-- remove functions that were created in this file"
- print
- print "DROP FUNCTION clean_EMP()"
- print "DROP FUNCTION high_pay()"
- print "DROP FUNCTION new_emp()"
- print "DROP FUNCTION add_em(int4, int4)"
- print "DROP FUNCTION one()"
- print
- print "DROP TABLE EMP"
- pgcnx.query("DROP FUNCTION clean_EMP()")
- pgcnx.query("DROP FUNCTION high_pay()")
- pgcnx.query("DROP FUNCTION new_emp()")
- pgcnx.query("DROP FUNCTION add_em(int4, int4)")
- pgcnx.query("DROP FUNCTION one()")
- pgcnx.query("DROP TABLE EMP")
-
-# main demo function
-def demo(pgcnx):
- base_func(pgcnx)
- comp_func(pgcnx)
- mult_func(pgcnx)
- demo_cleanup(pgcnx)
+++ /dev/null
-#! /usr/local/bin/python
-
-import string
-
-# change this if you have it somewhere else
-for l in open("/usr/local/pgsql/src/include/catalog/pg_type.h").readlines():
- tokens = string.split(l)
- if len(tokens) == 0 or tokens[0] != "#define": continue
-
- if tokens[1] in ('CASHOID', 'INT2OID', 'INT4OID', 'OIDOID', 'FLOAT4OID', 'FLOAT8OID'):
- print l,
+++ /dev/null
-# pgutil.py
-# Written by D'Arcy J.M. Cain
-
-# This library implements some basic database management stuff
-# It includes the pg module and builds on it
-
-from _pg import *
-import string, re, sys
-
-# utility function
-# We expect int, seq, decimal, text or date (more later)
-def _quote(d, t):
- if t in ['int', 'decimal', 'seq']:
- if d == "": return 0
- return "%s" % d
-
- if t == 'bool':
- if string.upper(d) in ['T', 'TRUE', 'Y', 'YES', 1, '1', 'ON']:
- return "'t'"
- else:
- return "'f'"
-
- if d == "": return "null"
- return "'%s'" % string.strip(re.sub('\'', '\'\'', "%s" % d))
-
-class DB:
- """This class wraps the pg connection type"""
-
- def __init__(self, *args):
- self.db = apply(connect, args)
- self.attnames = {}
- self.pkeys = {}
- self.debug = None # For debugging scripts, set to output format
- # that takes a single string arg. For example
- # in a CGI set to "%s<BR>"
-
- # Get all the primary keys at once
- for rel, att in self.db.query("""SELECT
- pg_class.relname, pg_attribute.attname
- FROM pg_class, pg_attribute, pg_index
- WHERE pg_class.oid = pg_attribute.attrelid AND
- pg_class.oid = pg_index.indrelid AND
- pg_index.indkey[0] = pg_attribute.attnum AND
- pg_index.indisprimary = 't'""").getresult():
- self.pkeys[rel] = att
-
- def pkey(self, cl):
- # will raise an exception if primary key doesn't exist
- return self.pkeys[cl]
-
- def get_attnames(self, cl):
- # May as well cache them
- if self.attnames.has_key(cl):
- return self.attnames[cl]
-
- query = """SELECT pg_attribute.attname, pg_type.typname
- FROM pg_class, pg_attribute, pg_type
- WHERE pg_class.relname = '%s' AND
- pg_attribute.attnum > 0 AND
- pg_attribute.attrelid = pg_class.oid AND
- pg_attribute.atttypid = pg_type.oid"""
-
- l = {}
- for attname, typname in self.db.query(query % cl).getresult():
- if re.match("^int", typname):
- l[attname] = 'int'
- elif re.match("^oid", typname):
- l[attname] = 'int'
- elif re.match("^text", typname):
- l[attname] = 'text'
- elif re.match("^char", typname):
- l[attname] = 'text'
- elif re.match("^name", typname):
- l[attname] = 'text'
- elif re.match("^abstime", typname):
- l[attname] = 'date'
- elif re.match("^date", typname):
- l[attname] = 'date'
- elif re.match("^bool", typname):
- l[attname] = 'bool'
- elif re.match("^float", typname):
- l[attname] = 'decimal'
- elif re.match("^money", typname):
- l[attname] = 'money'
- else:
- l[attname] = 'text'
-
- self.attnames[cl] = l
- return self.attnames[cl]
-
- # return a tuple from a database
- def get(self, cl, arg, keyname = None):
- if keyname == None: # use the primary key by default
- keyname = self.pkeys[cl]
-
- fnames = self.get_attnames(cl)
-
- if type(arg) == type({}):
- # To allow users to work with multiple tables we munge the
- # name when the key is "oid"
- if keyname == 'oid': k = arg['oid_%s' % cl]
- else: k = arg[keyname]
- else:
- k = arg
- arg = {}
-
- # We want the oid for later updates if that isn't the key
- if keyname == 'oid':
- q = "SELECT * FROM %s WHERE oid = %s" % (cl, k)
- else:
- q = "SELECT oid AS oid_%s, %s FROM %s WHERE %s = %s" % \
- (cl, string.join(fnames.keys(), ','),\
- cl, keyname, _quote(k, fnames[keyname]))
-
- if self.debug != None: print self.debug % q
- res = self.db.query(q).dictresult()
- if res == []:
- raise error, \
- "No such record in %s where %s is %s" % \
- (cl, keyname, _quote(k, fnames[keyname]))
- return None
-
- for k in res[0].keys():
- arg[k] = res[0][k]
-
- return arg
-
- # Inserts a new tuple into a table
- def insert(self, cl, a):
- fnames = self.get_attnames(cl)
- l = []
- n = []
- for f in fnames.keys():
- if a.has_key(f):
- if a[f] == "": l.append("null")
- else: l.append(_quote(a[f], fnames[f]))
- n.append(f)
-
- try:
- q = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s)" % \
- (cl, string.join(n, ','), string.join(l, ','))
- if self.debug != None: print self.debug % q
- a['oid_%s' % cl] = self.db.query(q)
- except:
- raise error, "Error inserting into %s: %s" % (cl, sys.exc_value)
-
- # reload the dictionary to catch things modified by engine
- return self.get(cl, a, 'oid')
-
- # update always works on the oid which get returns
- def update(self, cl, a):
- q = "SELECT oid FROM %s WHERE oid = %s" % (cl, a['oid_%s' % cl])
- if self.debug != None: print self.debug % q
- res = self.db.query(q).getresult()
- if len(res) < 1:
- raise error, "No record in %s where oid = %s (%s)" % \
- (cl, a['oid_%s' % cl], sys.exc_value)
-
- v = []
- k = 0
- fnames = self.get_attnames(cl)
-
- for ff in fnames.keys():
- if a.has_key(ff) and a[ff] != res[0][k]:
- v.append("%s = %s" % (ff, _quote(a[ff], fnames[ff])))
-
- if v == []:
- return None
-
- try:
- q = "UPDATE %s SET %s WHERE oid = %s" % \
- (cl, string.join(v, ','), a['oid_%s' % cl])
- if self.debug != None: print self.debug % q
- self.db.query(q)
- except:
- raise error, "Can't update %s: %s" % (cl, sys.exc_value)
-
- # reload the dictionary to catch things modified by engine
- return self.get(cl, a, 'oid')
-
- # At some point we will need a way to get defaults from a table
- def clear(self, cl, a = {}):
- fnames = self.get_attnames(cl)
- for ff in fnames.keys():
- if fnames[ff] in ['int', 'decimal', 'seq', 'money']:
- a[ff] = 0
- elif fnames[ff] == 'date':
- a[ff] = 'TODAY'
- else:
- a[ff] = ""
-
- a['oid'] = 0
- return a
-
- # Like update, delete works on the oid
- # one day we will be testing that the record to be deleted
- # isn't referenced somewhere (or else PostgreSQL will)
- def delete(self, cl, a):
- try:
- q = "DELETE FROM %s WHERE oid = %s" % (cl, a['oid_%s' % cl])
- if self.debug != None: print self.debug % q
- self.db.query(q)
- except:
- return "Can't delete %s: %s" % (cl, sys.exc_value)
-
- return None
-
-
- # The rest of these methods are for convenience. Note that X.method()
- # and X.db.method() are equivalent
- def query(self, query): return self.db.query(query)
- def reset(self): self.db.reset()
- def getnotify(self): self.db.getnotify()
- def inserttable(self): self.db.inserttable()
-
- # The following depend on being activated in the underlying C code
- def putline(self): self.db.putline()
- def getline(self): self.db.getline()
- def endcopy(self): self.db.endcopy()
- def locreate(self): self.db.locreate()
- def getlo(self): self.db.getlo()
- def loimport(self): self.db.loimport()
-
+++ /dev/null
-from pg import *
-
-# This library file contains some common functions not directly provided by the
-# PostGres C library. It offers too a keyword interface for pgmodule connect
-# function.
-
-# encapsulate pg connect function for keywords enabling
-def doconnect(dbname = None, host = None, port = None, opt = None, tty = None):
- return connect(dbname, host, port, opt, tty)
-
-# list all databases on the server
-def ListDB(pgcnx):
- list = []
- for node in pgcnx.query("SELECT datname FROM pg_database").getresult():
- list.append(node[0])
- return list
-
-# list all tables (classes) in the selected database
-def ListTables(pgcnx):
- list = []
- for node in pgcnx.query("""SELECT relname FROM pg_class
- WHERE relkind = 'r' AND
- relname !~ '^Inv' AND
- relname !~ '^pg_'""").getresult():
- list.append(node[0])
- return list
-
-# list table fields (attribute) in given table
-def ListAllFields(pgcnx, table):
- list = []
- for node in pgcnx.query("""SELECT c.relname, a.attname, t.typname
- FROM pg_class c, pg_attribute a, pg_type t
- WHERE c.relname = '%s' AND
- a.attnum > 0 AND
- a.attrelid = c.oid AND
- a.atttypid = t.oid
- ORDER BY relname, attname""" % table).getresult():
- list.append(node[1], node[2])
- return list
+++ /dev/null
-/*
- * PyGres, version 2.2 A Python interface for PostgreSQL database. Written by
- * D'Arcy J.M. Cain, (darcy@druid.net). Based heavily on code written by
- * Pascal Andre, andre@chimay.via.ecp.fr. Copyright (c) 1995, Pascal Andre
- * (andre@via.ecp.fr).
- *
- * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
- * documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written
- * agreement is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and
- * this paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies or in
- * any new file that contains a substantial portion of this file.
- *
- * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT,
- * SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFITS,
- * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE
- * AUTHOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- *
- * THE AUTHOR SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
- * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
- * PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE
- * AUTHOR HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES,
- * ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
- *
- * Further modifications copyright 1997 by D'Arcy J.M. Cain (darcy@druid.net)
- * subject to the same terms and conditions as above.
- *
- */
-
-#include <Python.h>
-#include <libpq-fe.h>
-#include <libpq/libpq-fs.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-/* really bad stuff here - I'm so naughty */
-/* If you need to you can run mkdefines to get */
-/* current defines but it should not have changed */
-#define INT2OID 21
-#define INT4OID 23
-#define OIDOID 26
-#define FLOAT4OID 700
-#define FLOAT8OID 701
-#define CASHOID 790
-
-static PyObject *PGError;
-static char *PyPgVersion = "2.2";
-
-/* taken from fileobject.c */
-#define BUF(v) PyString_AS_STRING((PyStringObject *)(v))
-
-#define CHECK_OPEN 1
-#define CHECK_CLOSE 2
-
-#define MAX_BUFFER_SIZE MAX_QUERY_SIZE /* maximum transaction size */
-
-#ifndef NO_DIRECT
-#define DIRECT_ACCESS 1 /* enables direct access functions */
-#endif /* NO_DIRECT */
-
-#ifndef NO_LARGE
-#define LARGE_OBJECTS 1 /* enables large objects support */
-#endif /* NO_LARGE */
-
-#ifndef NO_DEF_VAR
-#define DEFAULT_VARS 1 /* enables default variables use */
-#endif /* NO_DEF_VAR */
-
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-/* MODULE GLOBAL VARIABLES */
-
-#ifdef DEFAULT_VARS
-
-PyObject *pg_default_host; /* default database host */
-PyObject *pg_default_base; /* default database name */
-PyObject *pg_default_opt; /* default connection options */
-PyObject *pg_default_tty; /* default debug tty */
-PyObject *pg_default_port; /* default connection port */
-PyObject *pg_default_user; /* default username */
-PyObject *pg_default_passwd; /* default password */
-
-#endif /* DEFAULT_VARS */
-
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-/* OBJECTS DECLARATION */
-
-/* pg connection object */
-
-typedef struct
-{
- PyObject_HEAD
- int valid; /* validity flag */
- PGconn *cnx; /* PostGres connection handle */
-} pgobject;
-
-staticforward PyTypeObject PgType;
-
-#define is_pgobject(v) ((v)->ob_type == &PgType)
-
-/* pg query object */
-
-typedef struct
-{
- PyObject_HEAD
- PGresult *last_result; /* last result content */
-} pgqueryobject;
-
-staticforward PyTypeObject PgQueryType;
-
-#define is_pgqueryobject(v) ((v)->ob_type == &PgQueryType)
-
-#ifdef LARGE_OBJECTS
-/* pg large object */
-
-typedef struct
-{
- PyObject_HEAD
- pgobject * pgcnx;
- Oid lo_oid;
- int lo_fd;
-} pglargeobject;
-
-staticforward PyTypeObject PglargeType;
-
-#define is_pglargeobject(v) ((v)->ob_type == &PglargeType)
-#endif /* LARGE_OBJECTS */
-
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-/* INTERNAL FUNCTIONS */
-
-#ifdef LARGE_OBJECTS
-/* validity check (large object) */
-static int
-check_lo(pglargeobject * self, int level)
-{
- if (!self->lo_oid)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PGError, "object is not valid (null oid).");
- return 0;
- }
-
- if (level & CHECK_OPEN)
- {
- if (self->lo_fd < 0)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "object is not opened.");
- return 0;
- }
- }
-
- if (level & CHECK_CLOSE)
- {
- if (self->lo_fd >= 0)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "object is already opened.");
- return 0;
- }
- }
-
- return 1;
-}
-
-#endif /* LARGE_OBJECTS */
-
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-#ifdef LARGE_OBJECTS
-/* PG CONNECTION OBJECT IMPLEMENTATION */
-
-/* pglargeobject initialisation (from pgobject) */
-
-/* creates large object */
-static PyObject *
-pg_locreate(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- int mode;
- pglargeobject *npglo;
-
- /* gets arguments */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &mode))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "locreate(mode), with mode (integer).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- if ((npglo = PyObject_NEW(pglargeobject, &PglargeType)) == NULL)
- return NULL;
-
- npglo->pgcnx = self;
- Py_XINCREF(self);
- npglo->lo_fd = -1;
- npglo->lo_oid = lo_creat(self->cnx, mode);
-
- /* checks result validity */
- if (npglo->lo_oid == 0)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PGError, "can't create large object.");
- Py_XDECREF(npglo);
- return NULL;
- }
-
- return (PyObject *) npglo;
-}
-
-/* init from already known oid */
-static PyObject *
-pg_getlo(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- int lo_oid;
- pglargeobject *npglo;
-
- /* gets arguments */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &lo_oid))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "loopen(oid), with oid (integer).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- if (!lo_oid)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "the object oid can't be null.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* creates object */
- if ((npglo = PyObject_NEW(pglargeobject, &PglargeType)) == NULL)
- return NULL;
-
- npglo->pgcnx = self;
- Py_XINCREF(self);
- npglo->lo_fd = -1;
- npglo->lo_oid = lo_oid;
-
- return (PyObject *) npglo;
-}
-
-/* import unix file */
-static PyObject *
-pg_loimport(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- char *name;
- pglargeobject *npglo;
-
- /* gets arguments */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &name))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "loimport(name), with name (string).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- if ((npglo = PyObject_NEW(pglargeobject, &PglargeType)) == NULL)
- return NULL;
-
- npglo->pgcnx = self;
- Py_XINCREF(self);
- npglo->lo_fd = -1;
- npglo->lo_oid = lo_import(self->cnx, name);
-
- /* checks result validity */
- if (npglo->lo_oid == 0)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PGError, "can't create large object.");
- Py_XDECREF(npglo);
- return NULL;
- }
-
- return (PyObject *) npglo;
-}
-
-/* pglargeobject methods */
-
-/* destructor */
-static void
-pglarge_dealloc(pglargeobject * self)
-{
- if (self->lo_fd >= 0 && self->pgcnx->valid == 1)
- lo_close(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd);
-
- Py_XDECREF(self->pgcnx);
- PyMem_DEL(self);
-}
-
-/* opens large object */
-static PyObject *
-pglarge_open(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- int mode, fd;
-
- /* check validity */
- if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_CLOSE))
- return NULL;
-
- /* gets arguments */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &mode))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "open(mode), with mode(integer).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* opens large object */
- if ((fd = lo_open(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_oid, mode)) < 0)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "can't open large object.");
- return NULL;
- }
- self->lo_fd = fd;
-
- /* no error : returns Py_None */
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- return Py_None;
-}
-
-/* close large object */
-static PyObject *
-pglarge_close(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- /* checks args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "method close() takes no parameters.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* checks validity */
- if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_OPEN))
- return NULL;
-
- /* closes large object */
- if (lo_close(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while closing large object fd.");
- return NULL;
- }
- self->lo_fd = -1;
-
- /* no error : returns Py_None */
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- return Py_None;
-}
-
-/* reads from large object */
-static PyObject *
-pglarge_read(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- int size;
- PyObject *buffer;
-
- /* checks validity */
- if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_OPEN))
- return NULL;
-
- /* gets arguments */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &size))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "read(size), wih size (integer).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- if (size <= 0)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "size must be positive.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* allocate buffer and runs read */
- buffer = PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *) NULL, size);
-
- if ((size = lo_read(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd, BUF(buffer), size)) < 0)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while reading.");
- Py_XDECREF(buffer);
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* resize buffer and returns it */
- _PyString_Resize(&buffer, size);
- return buffer;
-}
-
-/* write to large object */
-static PyObject *
-pglarge_write(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- char *buffer;
- int size;
-
- /* checks validity */
- if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_OPEN))
- return NULL;
-
- /* gets arguments */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &buffer))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "write(buffer), with buffer (sized string).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* sends query */
- if ((size = lo_write(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd, buffer,
- strlen(buffer))) < strlen(buffer))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "buffer truncated during write.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* no error : returns Py_None */
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- return Py_None;
-}
-
-/* go to position in large object */
-static PyObject *
-pglarge_lseek(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- int ret, offset, whence;
-
- /* checks validity */
- if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_OPEN))
- return NULL;
-
- /* gets arguments */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ii", &offset, &whence))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "lseek(offset, whence), with offset and whence (integers).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* sends query */
- if ((ret = lo_lseek(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd, offset, whence)) == -1)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while moving cursor.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* returns position */
- return PyInt_FromLong(ret);
-}
-
-/* gets large object size */
-static PyObject *
-pglarge_size(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- int start, end;
-
- /* checks args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "method size() takes no parameters.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* checks validity */
- if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_OPEN))
- return NULL;
-
- /* gets current position */
- if ((start = lo_tell(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd)) == -1)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while getting current position.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* gets end position */
- if ((end = lo_lseek(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd, 0, SEEK_END)) == -1)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while getting end position.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* move back to start position */
- if ((start = lo_lseek(self->pgcnx->cnx,self->lo_fd,start,SEEK_SET)) == -1)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError,
- "error while moving back to first position.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* returns size */
- return PyInt_FromLong(end);
-}
-
-/* gets large object cursor position */
-static PyObject *
-pglarge_tell(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- int start;
-
- /* checks args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "method tell() takes no parameters.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* checks validity */
- if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_OPEN))
- return NULL;
-
- /* gets current position */
- if ((start = lo_tell(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd)) == -1)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while getting position.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* returns size */
- return PyInt_FromLong(start);
-}
-
-/* exports large object as unix file */
-static PyObject *
-pglarge_export(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- char *name;
-
- /* checks validity */
- if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_CLOSE))
- return NULL;
-
- /* gets arguments */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &name))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "export(filename), with filename (string).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* runs command */
- if (!lo_export(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_oid, name))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while exporting large object.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- return Py_None;
-}
-
-/* deletes a large object */
-static PyObject *
-pglarge_unlink(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- /* checks args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "method unlink() takes no parameters.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* checks validity */
- if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_CLOSE))
- return NULL;
-
- /* deletes the object, invalidate it on success */
- if (!lo_unlink(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_oid))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while unlinking large object");
- return NULL;
- }
- self->lo_oid = 0;
-
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- return Py_None;
-}
-
-/* large object methods */
-static struct PyMethodDef pglarge_methods[] = {
- {"open", (PyCFunction) pglarge_open, 1}, /* opens large object */
- {"close", (PyCFunction) pglarge_close, 1},/* closes large object */
- {"read", (PyCFunction) pglarge_read, 1}, /* reads from large object */
- {"write", (PyCFunction) pglarge_write, 1},/* writes to large object */
- {"seek", (PyCFunction) pglarge_lseek, 1},/* seeks position */
- {"size", (PyCFunction) pglarge_size, 1}, /* gives object size */
- {"tell", (PyCFunction) pglarge_tell, 1}, /* gives position in lobj */
- {"export", (PyCFunction) pglarge_export, 1},/* exports to unix file */
- {"unlink", (PyCFunction) pglarge_unlink, 1},/* deletes a large object */
- {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
-};
-
-/* get attribute */
-static PyObject *
-pglarge_getattr(pglargeobject * self, char *name)
-{
- /* list postgreSQL large object fields */
-
- /* associated pg connection object */
- if (!strcmp(name, "pgcnx"))
- {
- if (check_lo(self, 0))
- {
- Py_INCREF(self->pgcnx);
- return (PyObject *) (self->pgcnx);
- }
-
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- return Py_None;
- }
-
- /* large object oid */
- if (!strcmp(name, "oid"))
- {
- if (check_lo(self, 0))
- return PyInt_FromLong(self->lo_oid);
-
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- return Py_None;
- }
-
- /* error (status) message */
- if (!strcmp(name, "error"))
- return PyString_FromString(PQerrorMessage(self->pgcnx->cnx));
-
- /* attributes list */
- if (!strcmp(name, "__members__"))
- {
- PyObject *list = PyList_New(3);
-
- if (list)
- {
- PyList_SetItem(list, 0, PyString_FromString("oid"));
- PyList_SetItem(list, 1, PyString_FromString("pgcnx"));
- PyList_SetItem(list, 2, PyString_FromString("error"));
- }
-
- return list;
- }
-
- return Py_FindMethod(pglarge_methods, (PyObject *) self, name);
-}
-
-/* object type definition */
-staticforward PyTypeObject PglargeType = {
- PyObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type)
- 0, /* ob_size */
- "pglarge", /* tp_name */
- sizeof(pglargeobject), /* tp_basicsize */
- 0, /* tp_itemsize */
-
- /* methods */
- (destructor) pglarge_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */
- 0, /* tp_print */
- (getattrfunc) pglarge_getattr, /* tp_getattr */
- 0, /* tp_setattr */
- 0, /* tp_compare */
- 0, /* tp_repr */
- 0, /* tp_as_number */
- 0, /* tp_as_sequence */
- 0, /* tp_as_mapping */
- 0, /* tp_hash */
-};
-
-#endif /* LARGE_OBJECTS */
-
-
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-/* PG CONNECTION OBJECT IMPLEMENTATION */
-
-/* pgobject initialisation (from module) */
-
-static PyObject *
-pgconnect(pgobject * self, PyObject * args, PyObject * dict)
-{
- char *pghost, *pgopt, *pgtty, *pgdbname, *pguser, *pgpasswd;
- int pgport;
- char port_buffer[20];
- PyObject *temp;
- pgobject *npgobj;
- PGconn *test_cnx;
-
- pghost = pgopt = pgtty = pgdbname = pguser = pgpasswd = NULL;
- pgport = -1;
-
- /* parses standard arguments */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|zzlzzzz",
- &pgdbname, &pghost, &pgport, &pgopt, &pgtty, &pguser, &pgpasswd))
- {
- PyErr_Clear();
-
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "connect(dbname, host, port, opt, tty, user, password), "
- "with args (opt., strings or None).");
- return NULL;
- }
- }
-
- /* looks for keywords arguments */
- if (PyMapping_Check(dict))
- {
- /* server host */
- if (PyMapping_HasKeyString(dict, "host"))
- {
- if ((temp = PyMapping_GetItemString(dict, "host")) != NULL)
- {
- if (pghost)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "Duplicate argument definition.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- if (!PyString_Check(temp))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "'Host' argument must be a string.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- pghost = PyString_AsString(temp);
- }
- }
-
- /* server port */
- if (PyMapping_HasKeyString(dict, "port"))
- {
- if ((temp = PyMapping_GetItemString(dict, "port")) != NULL)
- {
- if (pgport != -1)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "Duplicate argument definition.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- if (!PyInt_Check(temp))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "'Port' argument must be an integer.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- pgport = PyInt_AsLong(temp);
- }
- }
-
- /* connection options */
- if (PyMapping_HasKeyString(dict, "opt"))
- {
- if ((temp = PyMapping_GetItemString(dict, "opt")) != NULL)
- {
- if (pgtty)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "Duplicate argument definition.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- if (!PyString_Check(temp))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "'opt' argument must be a string.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- pgopt = PyString_AsString(temp);
- }
- }
-
- /* debug terminal */
- if (PyMapping_HasKeyString(dict, "tty"))
- {
- if ((temp = PyMapping_GetItemString(dict, "tty")) != NULL)
- {
- if (pgtty)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "Duplicate argument definition.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- if (!PyString_Check(temp))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "'tty' argument must be a string.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- pgtty = PyString_AsString(temp);
- }
- }
-
- /* database name */
- if (PyMapping_HasKeyString(dict, "dbname"))
- {
- if ((temp = PyMapping_GetItemString(dict, "dbname")) != NULL)
- {
- if (pgdbname)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "Duplicate argument definition.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- if (!PyString_Check(temp))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "'dbname' argument must be a string.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- pgdbname = PyString_AsString(temp);
- }
- }
-
- /* username */
- if (PyMapping_HasKeyString(dict, "user"))
- {
- if ((temp = PyMapping_GetItemString(dict, "user")) != NULL)
- {
- if (pguser)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "Duplicate argument definition.");
-
- return NULL;
- }
-
- if (!PyString_Check(temp))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "'user' argument must be a string.");
-
- return NULL;
- }
-
- pguser = PyString_AsString(temp);
- }
- }
-
- /* password */
- if (PyMapping_HasKeyString(dict, "passwd"))
- {
- if ((temp = PyMapping_GetItemString(dict, "passwd")) != NULL)
- {
- if (pgpasswd)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "Duplicate argument definition.");
-
- return NULL;
- }
-
- if (!PyString_Check(temp))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "'passwd' argument must be a string.");
-
- return NULL;
- }
-
- pgpasswd = PyString_AsString(temp);
- }
- }
- }
-
-#ifdef DEFAULT_VARS
- /* handles defaults variables (for unintialised vars) */
- if ((!pghost) && (pg_default_host != Py_None))
- pghost = PyString_AsString(pg_default_host);
-
- if ((pgport == -1) && (pg_default_port != Py_None))
- pgport = PyInt_AsLong(pg_default_port);
-
- if ((!pgopt) && (pg_default_opt != Py_None))
- pgopt = PyString_AsString(pg_default_opt);
-
- if ((!pgtty) && (pg_default_tty != Py_None))
- pgtty = PyString_AsString(pg_default_tty);
-
- if ((!pgdbname) && (pg_default_base != Py_None))
- pgdbname = PyString_AsString(pg_default_base);
-
- if ((!pguser) && (pg_default_user != Py_None))
- pguser = PyString_AsString(pg_default_user);
-
- if ((!pgpasswd) && (pg_default_passwd != Py_None))
- pgpasswd = PyString_AsString(pg_default_passwd);
-#endif /* DEFAULT_VARS */
-
- if ((npgobj = PyObject_NEW(pgobject, &PgType)) == NULL)
- return NULL;
-
- if (pgport != -1)
- {
- bzero(port_buffer, sizeof(port_buffer));
- sprintf(port_buffer, "%d", pgport);
- npgobj->cnx = PQsetdbLogin(pghost, port_buffer, pgopt, pgtty, pgdbname,
- pguser, pgpasswd);
- }
- else
- npgobj->cnx = PQsetdbLogin(pghost, NULL, pgopt, pgtty, pgdbname,
- pguser, pgpasswd);
-
- if (PQstatus(npgobj->cnx) == CONNECTION_BAD)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PGError, PQerrorMessage(npgobj->cnx));
- Py_XDECREF(npgobj);
- return NULL;
- }
-
- return (PyObject *) npgobj;
-}
-
-/* pgobject methods */
-
-/* destructor */
-static void
-pg_dealloc(pgobject * self)
-{
- PQfinish(self->cnx);
- PyMem_DEL(self);
-}
-
-static void
-pg_querydealloc(pgqueryobject * self)
-{
- if (self->last_result)
- PQclear(self->last_result);
-
- PyMem_DEL(self);
-}
-
-/* resets connection */
-static PyObject *
-pg_reset(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- /* checks args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "method reset() takes no parameters.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* resets the connection */
- PQreset(self->cnx);
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- return Py_None;
-}
-
-/* list fields names from query result */
-static PyObject *
-pg_listfields(pgqueryobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- int i, n;
- char *name;
- PyObject *fieldstuple, *str;
-
- /* checks args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "method listfields() takes no parameters.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* builds tuple */
- n = PQnfields(self->last_result);
- fieldstuple = PyTuple_New(n);
-
- for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
- {
- name = PQfname(self->last_result, i);
- str = PyString_FromString(name);
- PyTuple_SetItem(fieldstuple, i, str);
- }
-
- return fieldstuple;
-}
-
-/* get field name from last result */
-static PyObject *
-pg_fieldname(pgqueryobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- int i;
- char *name;
-
- /* gets args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &i))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "fieldname(number), with number(integer).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* checks number validity */
- if (i >= PQnfields(self->last_result))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "invalid field number.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* gets fields name and builds object */
- name = PQfname(self->last_result, i);
- return PyString_FromString(name);
-}
-
-/* gets fields number from name in last result */
-static PyObject *
-pg_fieldnum(pgqueryobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- char *name;
- int num;
-
- /* gets args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &name))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "fieldnum(name), with name (string).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* gets field number */
- if ((num = PQfnumber(self->last_result, name)) == -1)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Unknown field.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- return PyInt_FromLong(num);
-}
-
-/* retrieves last result */
-static PyObject *
-pg_getresult(pgqueryobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- PyObject *rowtuple, *reslist, *val;
- int i, j, m, n, *typ;
-
- /* checks args (args == NULL for an internal call) */
- if ((args != NULL) && (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "method getresult() takes no parameters.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* stores result in tuple */
- reslist = PyList_New(0);
- m = PQntuples(self->last_result);
- n = PQnfields(self->last_result);
-
- if ((typ = malloc(sizeof(int) * n)) == NULL)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "memory error in getresult().");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
- {
- switch (PQftype(self->last_result, j))
- {
- case INT2OID:
- case INT4OID:
- case OIDOID:
- typ[j] = 1;
- break;
-
- case FLOAT4OID:
- case FLOAT8OID:
- typ[j] = 2;
- break;
-
- case CASHOID:
- typ[j] = 3;
- break;
-
- default:
- typ[j] = 4;
- break;
- }
- }
-
- for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
- {
- rowtuple = PyTuple_New(n);
- for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
- {
- char *s = PQgetvalue(self->last_result, i, j);
- char cashbuf[64];
- int i;
-
- switch (typ[j])
- {
- case 1:
- val = PyInt_FromLong(strtol(s, NULL, 10));
- break;
-
- case 2:
- val = PyFloat_FromDouble(strtod(s, NULL));
- break;
-
- case 3: /* get rid of the '$' and commas */
- if (*s == '$') /* there's talk of getting rid of it */
- s++;
-
- for (i = 0; *s; s++)
- if (*s != ',')
- cashbuf[i++] = *s;
-
- cashbuf[i] = 0;
- val = PyFloat_FromDouble(strtod(cashbuf, NULL));
- break;
-
- default:
- val = PyString_FromString(s);
- break;
- }
-
- PyTuple_SetItem(rowtuple, j, val);
- }
-
- PyList_Append(reslist, rowtuple);
- Py_XDECREF(rowtuple);
- }
-
- free(typ);
-
- /* returns list */
- return reslist;
-}
-
-/* retrieves last result as a list of dictionaries*/
-static PyObject *
-pg_dictresult(pgqueryobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- PyObject *dict, *reslist, *val;
- int i, j, m, n, *typ;
-
- /* checks args (args == NULL for an internal call) */
- if ((args != NULL) && (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "method getresult() takes no parameters.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* stores result in list */
- reslist = PyList_New(0);
- m = PQntuples(self->last_result);
- n = PQnfields(self->last_result);
-
- if ((typ = malloc(sizeof(int) * n)) == NULL)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "memory error in getresult().");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
- {
- switch (PQftype(self->last_result, j))
- {
- case INT2OID:
- case INT4OID:
- case OIDOID:
- typ[j] = 1;
- break;
-
- case FLOAT4OID:
- case FLOAT8OID:
- typ[j] = 2;
- break;
-
- case CASHOID:
- typ[j] = 3;
- break;
-
- default:
- typ[j] = 4;
- break;
- }
- }
-
- for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
- {
- dict = PyDict_New();
- for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
- {
- char *s = PQgetvalue(self->last_result, i, j);
- char cashbuf[64];
- int i;
-
- switch (typ[j])
- {
- case 1:
- val = PyInt_FromLong(strtol(s, NULL, 10));
- break;
-
- case 2:
- val = PyFloat_FromDouble(strtod(s, NULL));
- break;
-
- case 3: /* get rid of the '$' and commas */
- if (*s == '$') /* there's talk of getting rid of it */
- s++;
-
- for (i = 0; *s; s++)
- if (*s != ',')
- cashbuf[i++] = *s;
-
- cashbuf[i] = 0;
- val = PyFloat_FromDouble(strtod(cashbuf, NULL));
- break;
-
- default:
- val = PyString_FromString(s);
- break;
- }
-
- PyDict_SetItemString(dict, PQfname(self->last_result, j), val);
- }
-
- PyList_Append(reslist, dict);
- Py_XDECREF(dict);
- }
-
- free(typ);
-
- /* returns list */
- return reslist;
-}
-
-/* getq asynchronous notify */
-static PyObject *
-pg_getnotify(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- PGnotify *notify;
- PGresult *result;
- PyObject *notify_result, *temp;
-
- /* checks args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "method getnotify() takes no parameters.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* gets notify and builds result */
- /* notifies only come back as result of a query, so I send an empty query */
- result = PQexec(self->cnx, " ");
-
- if ((notify = PQnotifies(self->cnx)) != NULL)
- {
- notify_result = PyTuple_New(2);
- temp = PyString_FromString(notify->relname);
- PyTuple_SetItem(notify_result, 0, temp);
- temp = PyInt_FromLong(notify->be_pid);
- PyTuple_SetItem(notify_result, 1, temp);
- free(notify);
- }
- else
- {
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- notify_result = Py_None;
- }
-
- PQclear(result);
-
- /* returns result */
- return notify_result;
-}
-
-/* database query */
-static PyObject *
-pg_query(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- char *query;
- PGresult *result;
- PyObject *rowtuple, *reslist, *str;
- pgqueryobject *npgobj;
- int i, j, m, n, status;
-
- /* get query args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &query))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "query(sql), with sql (string).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* gets result */
- result = PQexec(self->cnx, query);
-
- /* checks result validity */
- if (!result)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, PQerrorMessage(self->cnx));
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* checks result status */
- if ((status = PQresultStatus(result)) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
- {
- const char *str;
-
- PQclear(result);
-
- switch (status)
- {
- case PGRES_EMPTY_QUERY:
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "empty query.");
- break;
- case PGRES_BAD_RESPONSE:
- PyErr_SetString(PGError,
- "unexpected responsed received from server.");
- break;
- case PGRES_FATAL_ERROR:
- PyErr_SetString(PGError,
- "server fatal error. "
- "Please report to your db administrator.");
- break;
- case PGRES_NONFATAL_ERROR:
- PyErr_SetString(PGError, "server (non fatal) error.");
- break;
- case PGRES_COMMAND_OK: /* could be an INSERT */
- if (*(str = PQoidStatus(result)) == 0) /* nope */
- {
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- return Py_None;
- }
-
- /* otherwise, return the oid */
- return PyInt_FromLong(strtol(str, NULL, 10));
-
- case PGRES_COPY_OUT: /* no data will be received */
- case PGRES_COPY_IN:
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- return Py_None;
- default:
- PyErr_SetString(PGError, "internal error: "
- "unknown result status.");
- break;
- }
-
- return NULL; /* error detected on query */
- }
-
- if ((npgobj = PyObject_NEW(pgqueryobject, &PgQueryType)) == NULL)
- return NULL;
-
- /* stores result and returns object */
- npgobj->last_result = result;
- return (PyObject *) npgobj;
-}
-
-#ifdef DIRECT_ACCESS
-/* direct acces function : putline */
-static PyObject *
-pg_putline(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- char *line;
-
- /* reads args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &line))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "putline(line), with line (string).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* sends line to backend */
- PQputline(self->cnx, line);
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- return Py_None;
-}
-
-/* direct access function : getline */
-static PyObject *
-pg_getline(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- char *line;
- PyObject *str;
- int ret;
-
- /* checks args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "method getline() takes no parameters.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* allocate buffer */
- if ((line = malloc(MAX_BUFFER_SIZE)) == NULL)
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, "can't allocate getline buffer");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* gets line */
- switch (PQgetline(self->cnx, line, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE))
- {
- case 0:
- str = PyString_FromString(line);
- break;
- case 1:
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, "buffer overflow");
- str = NULL;
- break;
- case EOF:
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- str = Py_None;
- break;
- }
-
- free(line);
- return str;
-}
-
-/* direct access function : end copy */
-static PyObject *
-pg_endcopy(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- /* checks args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "method endcopy() takes no parameters.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* ends direct copy */
- PQendcopy(self->cnx);
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- return Py_None;
-}
-#endif /* DIRECT_ACCESS */
-
-
-static PyObject *
-pg_print(pgqueryobject *self, FILE *fp, int flags)
-{
- PQprintOpt op;
-
- memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
- op.align = 1;
- op.header = 1;
- op.fieldSep = "|";
- op.pager = 1;
- PQprint(fp, self->last_result, &op);
- return 0;
-}
-
-/* insert table */
-static PyObject *
-pg_inserttable(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
-{
- PGresult *result;
- char *table, *buffer, *temp;
- char temp_buffer[256];
- PyObject *list, *sublist, *item;
- PyObject *(*getitem) (PyObject *, int);
- PyObject *(*getsubitem) (PyObject *, int);
- int i, j;
-
- /* gets arguments */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sO:filter", &table, &list))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "tableinsert(table, content), with table (string) "
- "and content (list).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* checks list type */
- if (PyTuple_Check(list))
- getitem = PyTuple_GetItem;
- else if (PyList_Check(list))
- getitem = PyList_GetItem;
- else
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "second arg must be some kind of array.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* checks sublists type */
- for (i = 0; sublist = getitem(list, i); i++)
- {
- if (!PyTuple_Check(sublist) && !PyList_Check(sublist))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "second arg must contain some kind of arrays.");
- return NULL;
- }
- }
-
- /* allocate buffer */
- if (!(buffer = malloc(MAX_BUFFER_SIZE)))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, "can't allocate insert buffer.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* starts query */
- sprintf(buffer, "copy %s from stdin", table);
-
- if (!(result = PQexec(self->cnx, buffer)))
- {
- free(buffer);
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, PQerrorMessage(self->cnx));
- return NULL;
- }
-
- PQclear(result);
-
- /* feeds table */
- for (i = 0; sublist = getitem(list, i); i++)
- {
- if (PyTuple_Check(sublist))
- getsubitem = PyTuple_GetItem;
- else
- getsubitem = PyList_GetItem;
-
- /* builds insert line */
- buffer[0] = 0;
-
- for (j = 0; item = getsubitem(sublist, j); j++)
- {
- /* converts item to string */
- if (PyString_Check(item))
- PyArg_ParseTuple(item, "s", &temp);
- else if (PyInt_Check(item))
- {
- int k;
-
- PyArg_ParseTuple(item, "i", &k);
- sprintf(temp_buffer, "%d", k);
- temp = temp_buffer;
- }
- else if (PyLong_Check(item))
- {
- long k;
-
- PyArg_ParseTuple(item, "l", &k);
- sprintf(temp_buffer, "%ld", k);
- temp = temp_buffer;
- }
- else if (PyFloat_Check(item))
- {
- double k;
-
- PyArg_ParseTuple(item, "d", &k);
- sprintf(temp_buffer, "%g", k);
- temp = temp_buffer;
- }
- else
- {
- free(buffer);
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
- "items must be strings, integers, "
- "longs or double (real).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* concats buffer */
- if (strlen(buffer))
- strncat(buffer, "\t", MAX_BUFFER_SIZE - strlen(buffer));
-
- fprintf(stderr, "Buffer: '%s', Temp: '%s'\n", buffer, temp);
- strncat(buffer, temp, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE - strlen(buffer));
- }
-
- strncat(buffer, "\n", MAX_BUFFER_SIZE - strlen(buffer));
-
- /* sends data */
- PQputline(self->cnx, buffer);
- }
-
- /* ends query */
- PQputline(self->cnx, ".\n");
- PQendcopy(self->cnx);
- free(buffer);
-
- /* no error : returns nothing */
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- return Py_None;
-}
-
-/* connection object methods */
-static struct PyMethodDef pgobj_methods[] = {
- {"query", (PyCFunction) pg_query, 1}, /* query method */
- {"reset", (PyCFunction) pg_reset, 1}, /* connection reset */
- {"getnotify", (PyCFunction) pg_getnotify, 1}, /* checks for notify */
- {"inserttable", (PyCFunction) pg_inserttable, 1}, /* table insert */
-
-#ifdef DIRECT_ACCESS
- {"putline", (PyCFunction) pg_putline, 1}, /* direct access: putline */
- {"getline", (PyCFunction) pg_getline, 1}, /* direct access: getline */
- {"endcopy", (PyCFunction) pg_endcopy, 1}, /* direct access: endcopy */
-#endif /* DIRECT_ACCESS */
-
-#ifdef LARGE_OBJECTS
- {"locreate", (PyCFunction) pg_locreate, 1}, /* creates large object */
- {"getlo", (PyCFunction) pg_getlo, 1}, /* get lo from oid */
- {"loimport", (PyCFunction) pg_loimport, 1}, /* imports lo from file */
-#endif /* LARGE_OBJECTS */
-
- {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
-};
-
-/* get attribute */
-static PyObject *
-pg_getattr(pgobject * self, char *name)
-{
- /* list postgreSQL connection fields */
-
- /* postmaster host */
- if (!strcmp(name, "host"))
- return PyString_FromString(PQhost(self->cnx));
-
- /* postmaster port */
- if (!strcmp(name, "port"))
- return PyInt_FromLong(atol(PQport(self->cnx)));
-
- /* selected database */
- if (!strcmp(name, "db"))
- return PyString_FromString(PQdb(self->cnx));
-
- /* selected options */
- if (!strcmp(name, "options"))
- return PyString_FromString(PQoptions(self->cnx));
-
- /* selected postgres tty */
- if (!strcmp(name, "tty"))
- return PyString_FromString(PQtty(self->cnx));
-
- /* error (status) message */
- if (!strcmp(name, "error"))
- return PyString_FromString(PQerrorMessage(self->cnx));
-
- /* connection status : 1 - OK, 0 - BAD */
- if (!strcmp(name, "status"))
- return PyInt_FromLong(PQstatus(self->cnx) == CONNECTION_OK ? 1 : 0);
-
- /* provided user name */
- if (!strcmp(name, "user"))
- return PyString_FromString("Deprecated facility");
- /* return PyString_FromString(fe_getauthname("<unknown user>")); */
-
- /* attributes list */
- if (!strcmp(name, "__members__"))
- {
- PyObject *list = PyList_New(8);
-
- if (list)
- {
- PyList_SetItem(list, 0, PyString_FromString("host"));
- PyList_SetItem(list, 1, PyString_FromString("port"));
- PyList_SetItem(list, 2, PyString_FromString("db"));
- PyList_SetItem(list, 3, PyString_FromString("options"));
- PyList_SetItem(list, 4, PyString_FromString("tty"));
- PyList_SetItem(list, 5, PyString_FromString("error"));
- PyList_SetItem(list, 6, PyString_FromString("status"));
- PyList_SetItem(list, 7, PyString_FromString("user"));
- }
-
- return list;
- }
-
- return Py_FindMethod(pgobj_methods, (PyObject *) self, name);
-}
-
-/* object type definition */
-staticforward PyTypeObject PgType = {
- PyObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type)
- 0, /* ob_size */
- "pgobject", /* tp_name */
- sizeof(pgobject), /* tp_basicsize */
- 0, /* tp_itemsize */
- /* methods */
- (destructor) pg_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */
- 0, /* tp_print */
- (getattrfunc) pg_getattr, /* tp_getattr */
- 0, /* tp_setattr */
- 0, /* tp_compare */
- 0, /* tp_repr */
- 0, /* tp_as_number */
- 0, /* tp_as_sequence */
- 0, /* tp_as_mapping */
- 0, /* tp_hash */
-};
-
-
-/* query object methods */
-static struct PyMethodDef pgquery_methods[] = {
- {"getresult", (PyCFunction) pg_getresult, 1}, /* get last result */
- {"dictresult", (PyCFunction) pg_dictresult, 1}, /* get result as dict*/
- {"fieldname", (PyCFunction) pg_fieldname, 1}, /* get field name */
- {"fieldnum", (PyCFunction) pg_fieldnum, 1}, /* get field number */
- {"listfields", (PyCFunction) pg_listfields, 1}, /* list fields names */
- {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
-};
-
-static PyObject *
-pg_querygetattr(pgqueryobject * self, char *name)
-{
- /* list postgreSQL connection fields */
- return Py_FindMethod(pgquery_methods, (PyObject *) self, name);
-}
-
-/* query type definition */
-staticforward PyTypeObject PgQueryType = {
- PyObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type)
- 0, /* ob_size */
- "pgqueryobject", /* tp_name */
- sizeof(pgqueryobject), /* tp_basicsize */
- 0, /* tp_itemsize */
- /* methods */
- (destructor) pg_querydealloc,/* tp_dealloc */
- (printfunc) pg_print, /* tp_print */
- (getattrfunc) pg_querygetattr,/* tp_getattr */
- 0, /* tp_setattr */
- 0, /* tp_compare */
- 0, /* tp_repr */
- 0, /* tp_as_number */
- 0, /* tp_as_sequence */
- 0, /* tp_as_mapping */
- 0, /* tp_hash */
-};
-
-
-
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-/* MODULE FUNCTIONS */
-
-#ifdef DEFAULT_VARS
-
-/* gets default host */
-PyObject *
-pggetdefhost(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
- /* checks args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "method get_defhost() takes no parameter.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- Py_XINCREF(pg_default_host);
- return pg_default_host;
-}
-
-/* sets default host */
-PyObject *
-pgsetdefhost(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
-{
- char *temp = NULL;
- PyObject *old;
-
- /* gets arguments */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "set_defhost(name), with name (string/None).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* adjusts value */
- old = pg_default_host;
-
- if (temp)
- pg_default_host = PyString_FromString(temp);
- else
- {
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- pg_default_host = Py_None;
- }
-
- return old;
-}
-
-/* gets default base */
-PyObject *
-pggetdefbase(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
-{
- /* checks args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "method get_defbase() takes no parameter.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- Py_XINCREF(pg_default_base);
- return pg_default_base;
-}
-
-/* sets default base */
-PyObject *
-pgsetdefbase(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
-{
- char *temp = NULL;
- PyObject *old;
-
- /* gets arguments */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "set_defbase(name), with name (string/None).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* adjusts value */
- old = pg_default_base;
-
- if (temp)
- pg_default_base = PyString_FromString(temp);
- else
- {
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- pg_default_base = Py_None;
- }
-
- return old;
-}
-
-/* gets default options */
-PyObject *
-pggetdefopt(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
-{
- /* checks args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "method get_defopt() takes no parameter.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- Py_XINCREF(pg_default_opt);
- return pg_default_opt;
-}
-
-/* sets default opt */
-PyObject *
-pgsetdefopt(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
-{
- char *temp = NULL;
- PyObject *old;
-
- /* gets arguments */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "set_defopt(name), with name (string/None).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* adjusts value */
- old = pg_default_opt;
-
- if (temp)
- pg_default_opt = PyString_FromString(temp);
- else
- {
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- pg_default_opt = Py_None;
- }
-
- return old;
-}
-
-/* gets default tty */
-PyObject *
-pggetdeftty(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
-{
- /* checks args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "method get_deftty() takes no parameter.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- Py_XINCREF(pg_default_tty);
- return pg_default_tty;
-}
-
-/* sets default tty */
-PyObject *
-pgsetdeftty(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
-{
- char *temp = NULL;
- PyObject *old;
-
- /* gets arguments */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "set_deftty(name), with name (string/None).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* adjusts value */
- old = pg_default_tty;
-
- if (temp)
- pg_default_tty = PyString_FromString(temp);
- else
- {
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- pg_default_tty = Py_None;
- }
-
- return old;
-}
-
-/* gets default username */
-PyObject *
-pggetdefuser(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
-{
- /* checks args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "method get_defuser() takes no parameter.");
-
- return NULL;
- }
-
- Py_XINCREF(pg_default_user);
- return pg_default_user;
-}
-
-/* sets default username */
-PyObject *
-pgsetdefuser(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
-{
- char *temp = NULL;
- PyObject *old;
-
- /* gets arguments */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "set_defuser(name), with name (string/None).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* adjusts value */
- old = pg_default_user;
-
- if (temp)
- pg_default_user = PyString_FromString(temp);
- else
- {
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- pg_default_user = Py_None;
- }
-
- return old;
-}
-
-/* sets default password */
-PyObject *
-pgsetdefpasswd(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
-{
- char *temp = NULL;
- PyObject *old;
-
- /* gets arguments */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "set_defpasswd(password), with password (string/
-None).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* adjusts value */
- old = pg_default_passwd;
-
- if (temp)
- pg_default_passwd = PyString_FromString(temp);
- else
- {
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- pg_default_passwd = Py_None;
- }
-
- return old;
-}
-
-/* gets default port */
-PyObject *
-pggetdefport(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
-{
- char *temp;
-
- /* checks args */
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
- "method get_defport() takes no parameter.");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- Py_XINCREF(pg_default_port);
- return pg_default_port;
-}
-
-/* sets default port */
-PyObject *
-pgsetdefport(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
-{
- long int port = -2;
- char buffer[64], *temp;
- PyObject *old;
-
- /* gets arguments */
- if ((!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "l", &port)) || (port < -1))
- {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "set_defport(port), with port "
- "(positive integer/-1).");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- /* adjusts value */
- old = pg_default_port;
-
- if (port != -1)
- pg_default_port = PyLong_FromLong(port);
- else
- {
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- pg_default_port = Py_None;
- }
-
- return old;
-}
-
-#endif /* DEFAULT_VARS */
-
-/* List of functions defined in the module */
-
-static struct PyMethodDef pg_methods[] = {
- {"connect", (PyCFunction) pgconnect, 3},/* connect to a postgres database */
- {"__VERSION__", (PyCFunction) pgconnect, 3},
-
-#ifdef DEFAULT_VARS
- {"get_defhost", pggetdefhost, 1}, /* gets default host */
- {"set_defhost", pgsetdefhost, 1}, /* sets default host */
- {"get_defbase", pggetdefbase, 1}, /* gets default base */
- {"set_defbase", pgsetdefbase, 1}, /* sets default base */
- {"get_defopt", pggetdefopt, 1}, /* gets default options */
- {"set_defopt", pgsetdefopt, 1}, /* sets default options */
- {"get_deftty", pggetdeftty, 1}, /* gets default debug tty */
- {"set_deftty", pgsetdeftty, 1}, /* sets default debug tty */
- {"get_defport", pggetdefport, 1}, /* gets default port */
- {"set_defport", pgsetdefport, 1}, /* sets default port */
- {"set_defuser", pgsetdefuser, 1}, /* sets default user */
- {"set_defpasswd", pgsetdefpasswd, 1}, /* sets default passwd */
-#endif /* DEFAULT_VARS */
- {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
-};
-
-static char pg__doc__[] = "Python interface to PostgreSQL DB";
-
-/* Initialization function for the module */
-void
-init_pg(void)
-{
- PyObject *mod, *dict, *v;
-
- /* Create the module and add the functions */
- mod = Py_InitModule4("_pg", pg_methods, pg__doc__, NULL, PYTHON_API_VERSION);
- dict = PyModule_GetDict(mod);
-
- /* Add some symbolic constants to the module */
- PGError = PyString_FromString("pg.error");
- PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "error", PGError);
-
- /* Make the version available */
- v = PyString_FromString(PyPgVersion);
- PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "version", v);
- PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "__version__", v);
- Py_DECREF(v);
-
-#ifdef LARGE_OBJECTS
- /* create mode for large objects */
- PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "INV_READ", PyInt_FromLong(INV_READ));
- PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "INV_WRITE", PyInt_FromLong(INV_WRITE));
-
- /* position flags for lo_lseek */
- PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "SEEK_SET", PyInt_FromLong(SEEK_SET));
- PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "SEEK_CUR", PyInt_FromLong(SEEK_CUR));
- PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "SEEK_END", PyInt_FromLong(SEEK_END));
-#endif /* LARGE_OBJECTS */
-
-#ifdef DEFAULT_VARS
- /* prepares default values */
- Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_host = Py_None;
- Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_base = Py_None;
- Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_opt = Py_None;
- Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_port = Py_None;
- Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_tty = Py_None;
- Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_user = Py_None;
- Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_passwd = Py_None;
-#endif /* DEFAULT_VARS */
-
- /* Check for errors */
- if (PyErr_Occurred())
- Py_FatalError("can't initialize module _pg");
-}
+++ /dev/null
-#! /usr/local/bin/python
-# pgtools.py - valuable functions for PostGreSQL tutorial
-# written 1995 by Pascal ANDRE
-
-import sys
-
-# number of rows
-scr_size = 24
-
-# waits for a key
-def wait_key():
- print "Press <enter>"
- sys.stdin.read(1)
-
-# displays a table for a select query result
-def display(fields, result):
- print result
- # gets cols width
- fmt = []
- sep = '+'
- head = '|'
- for i in range(0, len(fields)):
- max = len(fields[i])
- for j in range(0, len(result)):
- if i < len(result[j]):
- if len(result[j][i]) > max:
- max = len(result[j][i])
- fmt.append(" %%%ds |" % max)
- for j in range(0, max):
- sep = sep + '-'
- sep = sep + '--+'
- for i in range(0, len(fields)):
- head = head + fmt[i] % fields[i]
- print sep + '\n' + head + '\n' + sep
- pos = 6
- for i in range(0, len(result)):
- str = '|'
- for j in range(0, len(result[i])):
- str = str + fmt[j] % result[i][j]
- print str
- pos = pos + 1
- if pos == scr_size:
- print sep
- wait_key()
- print sep + '\n' + head + '\n' + sep
- pos = 6
- print sep
- wait_key()
+++ /dev/null
-# syscat.py - parses some system catalogs
-# inspired from the PostgreSQL tutorial
-# adapted to Python 1995 by Pascal ANDRE
-
-print "____________________________________________________________________"
-print
-print "MODULE SYSCAT.PY : PARSES SOME POSTGRESQL SYSTEM CATALOGS"
-print
-print "This module is designed for being imported from python prompt"
-print
-print "In order to run the samples included here, first create a connection"
-print "using : cnx = syscat.connect(...)"
-print "then start the demo with: syscat.demo(cnx)"
-print
-print "Some results may be empty, depending on your base status."
-print
-print "____________________________________________________________________"
-print
-
-from pgext import *
-from pgtools import *
-
-# lists all simple indices
-def list_simple_ind(pgcnx):
- result = pgcnx.query("select bc.relname " \
- "as class_name, ic.relname as index_name, a.attname " \
- "from pg_class bc, pg_class ic, pg_index i, pg_attribute a " \
- "where i.indrelid = bc.oid and i.indexrelid = bc.oid " \
- " and i.indkey[0] = a.attnum and a.attrelid = bc.oid " \
- " and i.indproc = '0'::oid " \
- "order by class_name, index_name, attname")
- return result
-
-# list all user defined attributes and their type in user-defined classes
-def list_all_attr(pgcnx):
- result = pgcnx.query("select c.relname, a.attname, t.typname " \
- "from pg_class c, pg_attribute a, pg_type t " \
- "where c.relkind = 'r' and c.relname !~ '^pg_' " \
- " and c.relname !~ '^Inv' and a.attnum > 0 " \
- " and a.attrelid = c.oid and a.atttypid = t.oid " \
- "order by relname, attname")
- return result
-
-# list all user defined base type
-def list_user_base_type(pgcnx):
- result = pgcnx.query("select u.usename, t.typname " \
- "from pg_type t, pg_user u " \
- "where u.usesysid = int2in(int4out(t.typowner)) " \
- " and t.typrelid = '0'::oid and t.typelem = '0'::oid " \
- " and u.usename <> 'postgres' order by usename, typname")
- return result
-
-# list all right-unary operators
-def list_right_unary_operator(pgcnx):
- result = pgcnx.query("select o.oprname as right_unary, " \
- " lt.typname as operand, result.typname as return_type " \
- "from pg_operator o, pg_type lt, pg_type result " \
- "where o.oprkind='r' and o.oprleft = lt.oid " \
- " and o.oprresult = result.oid order by operand")
- return result
-
-# list all left-unary operators
-def list_left_unary_operator(pgcnx):
- result = pgcnx.query("select o.oprname as left_unary, " \
- " rt.typname as operand, result.typname as return_type " \
- "from pg_operator o, pg_type rt, pg_type result " \
- "where o.oprkind='l' and o.oprright = rt.oid " \
- " and o.oprresult = result.oid order by operand")
- return result
-
-# list all binary operators
-def list_binary_operator(pgcnx):
- result = pgcnx.query("select o.oprname as binary_op, " \
- " rt.typname as right_opr, lt.typname as left_opr, " \
- " result.typname as return_type " \
- "from pg_operator o, pg_type rt, pg_type lt, pg_type result " \
- "where o.oprkind = 'b' and o.oprright = rt.oid " \
- " and o.oprleft = lt.oid and o.oprresult = result.oid")
- return result
-
-# returns the name, args and return type from all function of lang l
-def list_lang_func(pgcnx, l):
- result = pgcnx.query("select p.proname, p.pronargs, t.typname " \
- "from pg_proc p, pg_language l, pg_type t " \
- "where p.prolang = l.oid and p.prorettype = t.oid " \
- " and l.lanname = '%s' order by proname" % l)
- return result
-
-# lists all the aggregate functions and the type to which they can be applied
-def list_agg_func(pgcnx):
- result = pgcnx.query("select a.aggname, t.typname " \
- "from pg_aggregate a, pg_type t " \
- "where a.aggbasetype = t.oid order by aggname, typname")
- return result
-
-# lists all the operator classes that can be used with each access method as
-# well as the operators that can be used with the respective operator classes
-def list_op_class(pgcnx):
- result = pgcnx.query("select am.amname, opc.opcname, opr.oprname " \
- "from pg_am am, pg_amop amop, pg_opclass opc, pg_operator opr " \
- "where amop.amopid = am.oid and amop.amopclaid = opc.oid " \
- " and amop.amopopr = opr.oid order by amname, opcname, oprname")
- return result
-
-# demo function - runs all examples
-def demo(pgcnx):
- #import sys, os
- #save_stdout = sys.stdout
- #sys.stdout = os.popen("more", "w")
- print "Listing simple indices ..."
- print list_simple_ind(pgcnx)
- print "Listing all attributes ..."
- print list_all_attr(pgcnx)
- print "Listing all user-defined base types ..."
- print list_user_base_type(pgcnx)
- print "Listing all left-unary operators defined ..."
- print list_left_unary_operator(pgcnx)
- print "Listing all right-unary operators defined ..."
- print list_right_unary_operator(pgcnx)
- print "Listing all binary operators ..."
- print list_binary_operator(pgcnx)
- print "Listing C external function linked ..."
- print list_lang_func(pgcnx, 'C')
- print "Listing C internal functions ..."
- print list_lang_func(pgcnx, 'internal')
- print "Listing SQL functions defined ..."
- print list_lang_func(pgcnx, 'sql')
- print "Listing 'aggregate functions' ..."
- print list_agg_func(pgcnx)
- print "Listing 'operator classes' ..."
- print list_op_class(pgcnx)
- #del sys.stdout
- #sys.stdout = save_stdout
+++ /dev/null
-#! /usr/local/bin/python
-# advanced.py - demo of advanced features of PostGres. Some may not be ANSI.
-# inspired from the Postgres tutorial
-# adapted to Python 1995 by Pascal Andre
-
-print "__________________________________________________________________"
-print "MODULE ADVANCED.PY : ADVANCED POSTGRES SQL COMMANDS TUTORIAL"
-print
-print "This module is designed for being imported from python prompt"
-print
-print "In order to run the samples included here, first create a connection"
-print "using : cnx = advanced.connect(...)"
-print "then start the demo with: advanced.demo(cnx)"
-print "__________________________________________________________________"
-
-from pgtools import *
-from pgext import *
-
-# inheritance features
-def inherit_demo(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Inheritance:"
- print "-- a table can inherit from zero or more tables. A query"
- print "-- can reference either all rows of a table or all rows "
- print "-- of a table plus all of its descendants."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "-- For example, the capitals table inherits from cities table."
- print "-- (It inherits all data fields from cities.)"
- print
- print "CREATE TABLE cities ("
- print " name text,"
- print " population float8,"
- print " altitude int"
- print ")"
- print
- print "CREATE TABLE capitals ("
- print " state char2"
- print ") INHERITS (cities)"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE TABLE cities (" \
- "name text," \
- "population float8," \
- "altitude int)")
- pgcnx.query("CREATE TABLE capitals (" \
- "state char2) INHERITS (cities)")
- wait_key()
- print
- print "-- now, let's populate the tables"
- print
- print "INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('San Francisco', 7.24E+5, 63)"
- print "INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('Las Vegas', 2.583E+5, 2174)"
- print "INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('Mariposa', 1200, 1953)"
- print
- print "INSERT INTO capitals VALUES ('Sacramento', 3.694E+5, 30, 'CA')"
- print "INSERT INTO capitals VALUES ('Madison', 1.913E+5, 845, 'WI')"
- print
- pgcnx.query(
- "INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('San Francisco', 7.24E+5, 63)")
- pgcnx.query(
- "INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('Las Vegas', 2.583E+5, 2174)")
- pgcnx.query(
- "INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('Mariposa', 1200, 1953)")
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO capitals" \
- " VALUES ('Sacramento', 3.694E+5, 30, 'CA')")
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO capitals" \
- " VALUES ('Madison', 1.913E+5, 845, 'WI')")
- print
- print "SELECT * FROM cities"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM cities")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print "SELECT * FROM capitals"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM capitals")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print
- print "-- like before, a regular query references rows of the base"
- print "-- table only"
- print
- print "SELECT name, altitude"
- print "FROM cities"
- print "WHERE altitude > 500;"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT name, altitude " \
- "FROM cities " \
- "WHERE altitude > 500")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print
- print "-- on the other hand, you can find all cities, including "
- print "-- capitals, that are located at an altitude of 500 'ft "
- print "-- or higher by:"
- print
- print "SELECT c.name, c.altitude"
- print "FROM cities* c"
- print "WHERE c.altitude > 500"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT c.name, c.altitude " \
- "FROM cities* c " \
- "WHERE c.altitude > 500")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
-
-# time travel features
-def time_travel(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Time Travel:"
- print "-- this feature allows you to run historical queries. "
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "-- first, let's make some changes to the cities table (suppose"
- print "-- Mariposa's population grows 10% this year)"
- print
- print "UPDATE cities"
- print "SET population = population * 1.1"
- print "WHERE name = 'Mariposa';"
- pgcnx.query("UPDATE cities " \
- "SET population = population * 1.1" \
- "WHERE name = 'Mariposa'")
- wait_key()
- print
- print "-- the default time is the current time ('now'):"
- print
- print "SELECT * FROM cities WHERE name = 'Mariposa';"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM cities WHERE name = 'Mariposa'")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print
- print "-- we can also retrieve the population of Mariposa ever has. "
- print "-- ('epoch' is the earliest time representable by the system)"
- print
- print "SELECT name, population"
- print "FROM cities['epoch', 'now'] -- can be abbreviated to cities[,]"
- print "WHERE name = 'Mariposa';"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT name, population "
- "FROM cities['epoch', 'now'] "
- "WHERE name = 'Mariposa'")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
-
-# arrays attributes
-def array_demo(pgcnx):
- print "----------------------"
- print "-- Arrays:"
- print "-- attributes can be arrays of base types or user-defined "
- print "-- types"
- print "----------------------"
- print
- print "CREATE TABLE sal_emp ("
- print " name text,"
- print " pay_by_quarter int4[],"
- print " schedule char16[][]"
- print ")"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE TABLE sal_emp (" \
- "name text," \
- "pay_by_quarter int4[]," \
- "schedule char16[][])")
- wait_key()
- print
- print "-- insert instances with array attributes. "
- print " Note the use of braces"
- print
- print "INSERT INTO sal_emp VALUES ("
- print " 'Bill',"
- print " '{10000,10000,10000,10000}',"
- print " '{{\"meeting\", \"lunch\"}, {}}')"
- print
- print "INSERT INTO sal_emp VALUES ("
- print " 'Carol',"
- print " '{20000,25000,25000,25000}',"
- print " '{{\"talk\", \"consult\"}, {\"meeting\"}}')"
- print
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO sal_emp VALUES (" \
- "'Bill', '{10000,10000,10000,10000}'," \
- "'{{\"meeting\", \"lunch\"}, {}}')")
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO sal_emp VALUES (" \
- "'Carol', '{20000,25000,25000,25000}'," \
- "'{{\"talk\", \"consult\"}, {\"meeting\"}}')")
- wait_key()
- print
- print "----------------------"
- print "-- queries on array attributes"
- print "----------------------"
- print
- print "SELECT name FROM sal_emp WHERE"
- print " sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[1] <> sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[2]"
- print
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT name FROM sal_emp WHERE " \
- "sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[1] <> sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[2]")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print
- print "-- retrieve third quarter pay of all employees"
- print
- print "SELECT sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[3] FROM sal_emp"
- print
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT sal_emp.pay_by_quarter[3] FROM sal_emp")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print
- print "-- select subarrays"
- print
- print "SELECT sal_emp.schedule[1:2][1:1] FROM sal_emp WHERE "
- print " sal_emp.name = 'Bill'"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT sal_emp.schedule[1:2][1:1] FROM sal_emp WHERE " \
- "sal_emp.name = 'Bill'")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
-
-# base cleanup
-def demo_cleanup(pgcnx):
- print "-- clean up (you must remove the children first)"
- print "DROP TABLE sal_emp"
- print "DROP TABLE capitals"
- print "DROP TABLE cities;"
- pgcnx.query("DROP TABLE sal_emp")
- pgcnx.query("DROP TABLE capitals")
- pgcnx.query("DROP TABLE cities")
-
-# main demo function
-def demo(pgcnx):
- inherit_demo(pgcnx)
- time_travel(pgcnx)
- array_demo(pgcnx)
- demo_cleanup(pgcnx)
+++ /dev/null
-#! /usr/local/bin/python
-# basics.py - basic SQL commands tutorial
-# inspired from the PostgreSQL tutorial
-# adapted to Python 1995 by Pascal ANDRE
-
-print "__________________________________________________________________"
-print "MODULE BASICS.PY : BASIC SQL COMMANDS TUTORIAL"
-print
-print "This module is designed for being imported from python prompt"
-print
-print "In order to run the samples included here, first create a connection"
-print "using : cnx = basics.connect(...)"
-print "then start the demo with: basics.demo(cnx)"
-print "__________________________________________________________________"
-
-from pgext import *
-from pgtools import *
-
-# table creation commands
-def create_table(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Creating a table:"
- print "-- a CREATE TABLE is used to create base tables. POSTGRES"
- print "-- SQL has its own set of built-in types. (Note that"
- print "-- keywords are case-insensitive but identifiers are "
- print "-- case-sensitive.)"
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "Sending query :"
- print "CREATE TABLE weather ("
- print " city varchar(80),"
- print " temp_lo int,"
- print " temp_hi int,"
- print " prcp float8,"
- print " date date"
- print ")"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE TABLE weather (city varchar(80), temp_lo int," \
- "temp_hi int, prcp float8, date date)")
- print
- print "Sending query :"
- print "CREATE TABLE cities ("
- print " name varchar(80),"
- print " location point"
- print ")"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE TABLE cities (" \
- "name varchar(80)," \
- "location point)")
-
-# data insertion commands
-def insert_data(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Inserting data:"
- print "-- an INSERT statement is used to insert a new row into"
- print "-- a table. There are several ways you can specify what"
- print "-- columns the data should go to."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "-- 1. the simplest case is when the list of value correspond to"
- print "-- the order of the columns specified in CREATE TABLE."
- print
- print "Sending query :"
- print "INSERT INTO weather "
- print " VALUES ('San Francisco', 46, 50, 0.25, '11/27/1994')"
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO weather " \
- "VALUES ('San Francisco', 46, 50, 0.25, '11/27/1994')")
- print
- print "Sending query :"
- print "INSERT INTO cities "
- print " VALUES ('San Francisco', '(-194.0, 53.0)')"
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO cities " \
- "VALUES ('San Francisco', '(-194.0, 53.0)')")
- print
- wait_key()
- print "-- 2. you can also specify what column the values correspond "
- print " to. (The columns can be specified in any order. You may "
- print " also omit any number of columns. eg. unknown precipitation"
- print " below)"
- print "Sending query :"
- print "INSERT INTO weather (city, temp_lo, temp_hi, prcp, date)"
- print " VALUES ('San Francisco', 43, 57, 0.0, '11/29/1994')"
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO weather (date, city, temp_hi, temp_lo)" \
- "VALUES ('11/29/1994', 'Hayward', 54, 37)")
-
-# direct selection commands
-def select_data1(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Retrieving data:"
- print "-- a SELECT statement is used for retrieving data. The "
- print "-- basic syntax is:"
- print "-- SELECT columns FROM tables WHERE predicates"
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "-- a simple one would be the query:"
- print "SELECT * FROM weather"
- print
- print "The result is :"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM weather")
- print q
- print "But that can be easily reformated to :"
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print
- print "-- you may also specify expressions in the target list (the "
- print "-- 'AS column' specifies the column name of the result. It is "
- print "-- optional.)"
- print "The query :"
- print " SELECT city, (temp_hi+temp_lo)/2 AS temp_avg, date "
- print " FROM weather"
- print "Gives :"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT city, (temp_hi+temp_lo)/2 " \
- "AS temp_avg, date FROM weather")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print
- print "-- if you want to retrieve rows that satisfy certain condition"
- print "-- (ie. a restriction), specify the condition in WHERE. The "
- print "-- following retrieves the weather of San Francisco on rainy "
- print "-- days."
- print "SELECT *"
- print "FROM weather"
- print "WHERE city = 'San Francisco' "
- print " and prcp > 0.0"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM weather WHERE city = 'San Francisco'" \
- " AND prcp > 0.0")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print
- print "-- here is a more complicated one. Duplicates are removed when "
- print "-- DISTINCT is specified. ORDER BY specifies the column to sort"
- print "-- on. (Just to make sure the following won't confuse you, "
- print "-- DISTINCT and ORDER BY can be used separately.)"
- print "SELECT DISTINCT city"
- print "FROM weather"
- print "ORDER BY city;"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT DISTINCT city FROM weather ORDER BY city")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
-
-# selection to a temporary table
-def select_data2(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Retrieving data into other classes:"
- print "-- a SELECT ... INTO statement can be used to retrieve "
- print "-- data into another class."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "The query :"
- print "SELECT * INTO TABLE temp "
- print "FROM weather"
- print "WHERE city = 'San Francisco' "
- print " and prcp > 0.0"
- pgcnx.query("SELECT * INTO TABLE temp FROM weather " \
- "WHERE city = 'San Francisco' and prcp > 0.0")
- print "Fills the table temp, that can be listed with :"
- print "SELECT * from temp"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT * from temp")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
-
-# aggregate creation commands
-def create_aggregate(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Aggregates"
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "Let's consider the query :"
- print "SELECT max(temp_lo)"
- print "FROM weather;"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT max(temp_lo) FROM weather")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print
- print "-- Aggregate with GROUP BY"
- print "SELECT city, max(temp_lo)"
- print "FROM weather "
- print "GROUP BY city;"
- q = pgcnx.query( "SELECT city, max(temp_lo)" \
- "FROM weather GROUP BY city")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
-
-# table join commands
-def join_table(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Joining tables:"
- print "-- queries can access multiple tables at once or access"
- print "-- the same table in such a way that multiple instances"
- print "-- of the table are being processed at the same time."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "-- suppose we want to find all the records that are in the "
- print "-- temperature range of other records. W1 and W2 are aliases "
- print "--for weather."
- print
- print "SELECT W1.city, W1.temp_lo, W1.temp_hi, "
- print " W2.city, W2.temp_lo, W2.temp_hi"
- print "FROM weather W1, weather W2"
- print "WHERE W1.temp_lo < W2.temp_lo "
- print " and W1.temp_hi > W2.temp_hi"
- print
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT W1.city, W1.temp_lo, W1.temp_hi, " \
- "W2.city, W2.temp_lo, W2.temp_hi FROM weather W1, weather W2 "\
- "WHERE W1.temp_lo < W2.temp_lo and W1.temp_hi > W2.temp_hi")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print
- print "-- let's join two tables. The following joins the weather table"
- print "-- and the cities table."
- print
- print "SELECT city, location, prcp, date"
- print "FROM weather, cities"
- print "WHERE name = city"
- print
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT city, location, prcp, date FROM weather, cities"\
- " WHERE name = city")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print
- print "-- since the column names are all different, we don't have to "
- print "-- specify the table name. If you want to be clear, you can do "
- print "-- the following. They give identical results, of course."
- print
- print "SELECT w.city, c.location, w.prcp, w.date"
- print "FROM weather w, cities c"
- print "WHERE c.name = w.city;"
- print
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT w.city, c.location, w.prcp, w.date " \
- "FROM weather w, cities c WHERE c.name = w.city")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
-
-# data updating commands
-def update_data(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Updating data:"
- print "-- an UPDATE statement is used for updating data. "
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "-- suppose you discover the temperature readings are all off by"
- print "-- 2 degrees as of Nov 28, you may update the data as follow:"
- print
- print "UPDATE weather"
- print " SET temp_hi = temp_hi - 2, temp_lo = temp_lo - 2"
- print " WHERE date > '11/28/1994'"
- print
- pgcnx.query("UPDATE weather " \
- "SET temp_hi = temp_hi - 2, temp_lo = temp_lo - 2" \
- "WHERE date > '11/28/1994'")
- print
- print "SELECT * from weather"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT * from weather")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
-
-# data deletion commands
-def delete_data(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Deleting data:"
- print "-- a DELETE statement is used for deleting rows from a "
- print "-- table."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "-- suppose you are no longer interested in the weather of "
- print "-- Hayward, you can do the following to delete those rows from"
- print "-- the table"
- print
- print "DELETE FROM weather WHERE city = 'Hayward'"
- pgcnx.query("DELETE FROM weather WHERE city = 'Hayward'")
- print
- print "SELECT * from weather"
- print
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT * from weather")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print
- print "-- you can also delete all the rows in a table by doing the "
- print "-- following. (This is different from DROP TABLE which removes "
- print "-- the table in addition to the removing the rows.)"
- print
- print "DELETE FROM weather"
- pgcnx.query("DELETE FROM weather")
- print
- print "SELECT * from weather"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT * from weather")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
-
-# table removal commands
-def remove_table(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Removing the tables:"
- print "-- DROP TABLE is used to remove tables. After you have"
- print "-- done this, you can no longer use those tables."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "DROP TABLE weather, cities, temp"
- pgcnx.query("DROP TABLE weather, cities, temp")
-
-# main demo function
-def demo(pgcnx):
- create_table(pgcnx)
- wait_key()
- insert_data(pgcnx)
- wait_key()
- select_data1(pgcnx)
- select_data2(pgcnx)
- create_aggregate(pgcnx)
- join_table(pgcnx)
- update_data(pgcnx)
- delete_data(pgcnx)
- remove_table(pgcnx)
+++ /dev/null
-# func.py - demonstrate the use of SQL functions
-# inspired from the PostgreSQL tutorial
-# adapted to Python 1995 by Pascal ANDRE
-
-print "__________________________________________________________________"
-print "MODULE FUNC.PY : SQL FUNCTION DEFINITION TUTORIAL"
-print
-print "This module is designed for being imported from python prompt"
-print
-print "In order to run the samples included here, first create a connection"
-print "using : cnx = func.connect(...)"
-print "then start the demo with: func.demo(cnx)"
-print "__________________________________________________________________"
-
-from pgtools import *
-from pgext import *
-
-# basic functions declaration
-def base_func(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Creating SQL Functions on Base Types"
- print "-- a CREATE FUNCTION statement lets you create a new "
- print "-- function that can be used in expressions (in SELECT, "
- print "-- INSERT, etc.). We will start with functions that "
- print "-- return values of base types."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "--"
- print "-- let's create a simple SQL function that takes no arguments"
- print "-- and returns 1"
- print
- print "CREATE FUNCTION one() RETURNS int4"
- print " AS 'SELECT 1 as ONE' LANGUAGE 'sql'"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE FUNCTION one() RETURNS int4 " \
- "AS 'SELECT 1 as ONE' LANGUAGE 'sql'")
- wait_key()
- print
- print "--"
- print "-- functions can be used in any expressions (eg. in the target"
- print "-- list or qualifications)"
- print
- print "SELECT one() AS answer"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT one() AS answer")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print
- print "--"
- print "-- here's how you create a function that takes arguments. The"
- print "-- following function returns the sum of its two arguments:"
- print
- print "CREATE FUNCTION add_em(int4, int4) RETURNS int4"
- print " AS 'SELECT $1 + $2' LANGUAGE 'sql'"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE FUNCTION add_em(int4, int4) RETURNS int4 " \
- "AS 'SELECT $1 + $2' LANGUAGE 'sql'")
- print
- print "SELECT add_em(1, 2) AS answer"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT add_em(1, 2) AS answer")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
-
-# functions on composite types
-def comp_func(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Creating SQL Functions on Composite Types"
- print "-- it is also possible to create functions that return"
- print "-- values of composite types."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "-- before we create more sophisticated functions, let's "
- print "-- populate an EMP table"
- print
- print "CREATE TABLE EMP ("
- print " name text,"
- print " salary int4,"
- print " age int4,"
- print " dept char16"
- print ")"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE TABLE EMP (" \
- "name text," \
- "salary int4," \
- "age int4," \
- "dept char16)")
- print
- print "INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Sam', 1200, 16, 'toy')"
- print "INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Claire', 5000, 32, 'shoe')"
- print "INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Andy', -1000, 2, 'candy')"
- print "INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Bill', 4200, 36, 'shoe')"
- print "INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Ginger', 4800, 30, 'candy')"
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Sam', 1200, 16, 'toy')")
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Claire', 5000, 32, 'shoe')")
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Andy', -1000, 2, 'candy')")
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Bill', 4200, 36, 'shoe')")
- pgcnx.query("INSERT INTO EMP VALUES ('Ginger', 4800, 30, 'candy')")
- wait_key()
- print
- print "-- the argument of a function can also be a tuple. For "
- print "-- instance, double_salary takes a tuple of the EMP table"
- print
- print "CREATE FUNCTION double_salary(EMP) RETURNS int4"
- print " AS 'SELECT $1.salary * 2 AS salary' LANGUAGE 'sql'"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE FUNCTION double_salary(EMP) RETURNS int4 " \
- "AS 'SELECT $1.salary * 2 AS salary' LANGUAGE 'sql'")
- print
- print "SELECT name, double_salary(EMP) AS dream"
- print "FROM EMP"
- print "WHERE EMP.dept = 'toy'"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT name, double_salary(EMP) AS dream " \
- "FROM EMP WHERE EMP.dept = 'toy'")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print
- print "-- the return value of a function can also be a tuple. However,"
- print "-- make sure that the expressions in the target list is in the "
- print "-- same order as the columns of EMP."
- print
- print "CREATE FUNCTION new_emp() RETURNS EMP"
- print " AS 'SELECT \'None\'::text AS name,"
- print " 1000 AS salary,"
- print " 25 AS age,"
- print " \'none\'::char16 AS dept'"
- print " LANGUAGE 'sql'"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE FUNCTION new_emp() RETURNS EMP " \
- "AS 'SELECT \\\'None\\\'::text AS name, " \
- "1000 AS salary, " \
- "25 AS age, " \
- "\\\'none\\\'::char16 AS dept' " \
- "LANGUAGE 'sql'")
- wait_key()
- print
- print "-- you can then project a column out of resulting the tuple by"
- print "-- using the \"function notation\" for projection columns. "
- print "-- (ie. bar(foo) is equivalent to foo.bar) Note that we don't"
- print "-- support new_emp().name at this moment."
- print
- print "SELECT name(new_emp()) AS nobody"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT name(new_emp()) AS nobody")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print
- print "-- let's try one more function that returns tuples"
- print "CREATE FUNCTION high_pay() RETURNS setof EMP"
- print " AS 'SELECT * FROM EMP where salary > 1500'"
- print " LANGUAGE 'sql'"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE FUNCTION high_pay() RETURNS setof EMP " \
- "AS 'SELECT * FROM EMP where salary > 1500' " \
- "LANGUAGE 'sql'")
- print
- print "SELECT name(high_pay()) AS overpaid"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT name(high_pay()) AS overpaid")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
-
-# function with multiple SQL commands
-def mult_func(pgcnx):
- print "-----------------------------"
- print "-- Creating SQL Functions with multiple SQL statements"
- print "-- you can also create functions that do more than just a"
- print "-- SELECT."
- print "-----------------------------"
- print
- print "-- you may have noticed that Andy has a negative salary. We'll"
- print "-- create a function that removes employees with negative "
- print "-- salaries."
- print
- print "SELECT * FROM EMP"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM EMP")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print
- print "CREATE FUNCTION clean_EMP () RETURNS int4"
- print " AS 'DELETE FROM EMP WHERE EMP.salary <= 0"
- print " SELECT 1 AS ignore_this'"
- print " LANGUAGE 'sql'"
- pgcnx.query("CREATE FUNCTION clean_EMP () RETURNS int4 AS 'DELETE FROM EMP WHERE EMP.salary <= 0; SELECT 1 AS ignore_this' LANGUAGE 'sql'")
- print
- print "SELECT clean_EMP()"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT clean_EMP()")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
- print
- print "SELECT * FROM EMP"
- q = pgcnx.query("SELECT * FROM EMP")
- display(q.listfields(), q.getresult())
-
-# base cleanup
-def demo_cleanup(pgcnx):
- print "-- remove functions that were created in this file"
- print
- print "DROP FUNCTION clean_EMP()"
- print "DROP FUNCTION high_pay()"
- print "DROP FUNCTION new_emp()"
- print "DROP FUNCTION add_em(int4, int4)"
- print "DROP FUNCTION one()"
- print
- print "DROP TABLE EMP"
- pgcnx.query("DROP FUNCTION clean_EMP()")
- pgcnx.query("DROP FUNCTION high_pay()")
- pgcnx.query("DROP FUNCTION new_emp()")
- pgcnx.query("DROP FUNCTION add_em(int4, int4)")
- pgcnx.query("DROP FUNCTION one()")
- pgcnx.query("DROP TABLE EMP")
-
-# main demo function
-def demo(pgcnx):
- base_func(pgcnx)
- comp_func(pgcnx)
- mult_func(pgcnx)
- demo_cleanup(pgcnx)
+++ /dev/null
-#! /usr/local/bin/python
-# pgtools.py - valuable functions for PostGreSQL tutorial
-# written 1995 by Pascal ANDRE
-
-import sys
-
-# number of rows
-scr_size = 24
-
-# waits for a key
-def wait_key():
- print "Press <enter>"
- sys.stdin.read(1)
-
-# displays a table for a select query result
-def display(fields, result):
- # gets cols width
- fmt = []
- sep = '+'
- head = '|'
- for i in range(0, len(fields)):
- max = len(fields[i])
- for j in range(0, len(result)):
- if i < len(result[j]):
- if len(result[j][i]) > max:
- max = len(result[j][i])
- fmt.append(" %%%ds |" % max)
- for j in range(0, max):
- sep = sep + '-'
- sep = sep + '--+'
- for i in range(0, len(fields)):
- head = head + fmt[i] % fields[i]
- print sep + '\n' + head + '\n' + sep
- pos = 6
- for i in range(0, len(result)):
- str = '|'
- for j in range(0, len(result[i])):
- str = str + fmt[j] % result[i][j]
- print str
- pos = pos + 1
- if pos == scr_size:
- print sep
- wait_key()
- print sep + '\n' + head + '\n' + sep
- pos = 6
- print sep
- wait_key()
+++ /dev/null
-# syscat.py - parses some system catalogs
-# inspired from the PostgreSQL tutorial
-# adapted to Python 1995 by Pascal ANDRE
-
-print "____________________________________________________________________"
-print
-print "MODULE SYSCAT.PY : PARSES SOME POSTGRESQL SYSTEM CATALOGS"
-print
-print "This module is designed for being imported from python prompt"
-print
-print "In order to run the samples included here, first create a connection"
-print "using : cnx = syscat.connect(...)"
-print "then start the demo with: syscat.demo(cnx)"
-print
-print "Some results may be empty, depending on your base status."
-print
-print "If you want to adjust the display to your screen size (rows), you"
-print "can type: syscat.src_size = [rows]"
-print "____________________________________________________________________"
-print
-
-from pgext import *
-from pgtools import *
-
-# lists all simple indices
-def list_simple_ind(pgcnx):
- result = pgcnx.query("select bc.relname " \
- "as class_name, ic.relname as index_name, a.attname " \
- "from pg_class bc, pg_class ic, pg_index i, pg_attribute a " \
- "where i.indrelid = bc.oid and i.indexrelid = bc.oid " \
- " and i.indkey[0] = a.attnum and a.attrelid = bc.oid " \
- " and i.indproc = '0'::oid " \
- "order by class_name, index_name, attname")
- return result
-
-# list all user defined attributes and their type in user-defined classes
-def list_all_attr(pgcnx):
- result = pgcnx.query("select c.relname, a.attname, t.typname " \
- "from pg_class c, pg_attribute a, pg_type t " \
- "where c.relkind = 'r' and c.relname !~ '^pg_' " \
- " and c.relname !~ '^Inv' and a.attnum > 0 " \
- " and a.attrelid = c.oid and a.atttypid = t.oid " \
- "order by relname, attname")
- return result
-
-# list all user defined base type
-def list_user_base_type(pgcnx):
- result = pgcnx.query("select u.usename, t.typname " \
- "from pg_type t, pg_user u " \
- "where u.usesysid = int2in(int4out(t.typowner)) " \
- " and t.typrelid = '0'::oid and t.typelem = '0'::oid " \
- " and u.usename <> 'postgres' order by usename, typname")
- return result
-
-# list all right-unary operators
-def list_right_unary_operator(pgcnx):
- result = pgcnx.query("select o.oprname as right_unary, " \
- " lt.typname as operand, result.typname as return_type " \
- "from pg_operator o, pg_type lt, pg_type result " \
- "where o.oprkind='r' and o.oprleft = lt.oid " \
- " and o.oprresult = result.oid order by operand")
- return result
-
-# list all left-unary operators
-def list_left_unary_operator(pgcnx):
- result = pgcnx.query("select o.oprname as left_unary, " \
- " rt.typname as operand, result.typname as return_type " \
- "from pg_operator o, pg_type rt, pg_type result " \
- "where o.oprkind='l' and o.oprright = rt.oid " \
- " and o.oprresult = result.oid order by operand")
- return result
-
-# list all binary operators
-def list_binary_operator(pgcnx):
- result = pgcnx.query("select o.oprname as binary_op, " \
- " rt.typname as right_opr, lt.typname as left_opr, " \
- " result.typname as return_type " \
- "from pg_operator o, pg_type rt, pg_type lt, pg_type result " \
- "where o.oprkind = 'b' and o.oprright = rt.oid " \
- " and o.oprleft = lt.oid and o.oprresult = result.oid")
- return result
-
-# returns the name, args and return type from all function of lang l
-def list_lang_func(pgcnx, l):
- result = pgcnx.query("select p.proname, p.pronargs, t.typname " \
- "from pg_proc p, pg_language l, pg_type t " \
- "where p.prolang = l.oid and p.prorettype = t.oid " \
- " and l.lanname = '%s' order by proname" % l)
- return result
-
-# lists all the aggregate functions and the type to which they can be applied
-def list_agg_func(pgcnx):
- result = pgcnx.query("select a.aggname, t.typname " \
- "from pg_aggregate a, pg_type t " \
- "where a.aggbasetype = t.oid order by aggname, typname")
- return result
-
-# lists all the operator classes that can be used with each access method as
-# well as the operators that can be used with the respective operator classes
-def list_op_class(pgcnx):
- result = pgcnx.query("select am.amname, opc.opcname, opr.oprname " \
- "from pg_am am, pg_amop amop, pg_opclass opc, pg_operator opr " \
- "where amop.amopid = am.oid and amop.amopclaid = opc.oid " \
- " and amop.amopopr = opr.oid order by amname, opcname, oprname")
- return result
-
-# demo function - runs all examples
-def demo(pgcnx):
- print "Listing simple indices ..."
- temp = list_simple_ind(pgcnx)
- display(temp.listfields(), temp.getresult())
- print "Listing all attributes ..."
- temp = list_all_attr(pgcnx)
- display(temp.listfields(), temp.getresult())
- print "Listing all user-defined base types ..."
- temp = list_user_base_type(pgcnx)
- display(temp.listfields(), temp.getresult())
- print "Listing all left-unary operators defined ..."
- temp = list_left_unary_operator(pgcnx)
- display(temp.listfields(), temp.getresult())
- print "Listing all right-unary operators defined ..."
- temp = list_right_unary_operator(pgcnx)
- display(temp.listfields(), temp.getresult())
- print "Listing all binary operators ..."
- temp = list_binary_operator(pgcnx)
- display(temp.listfields(), temp.getresult())
- print "Listing C external function linked ..."
- temp = list_lang_func(pgcnx, 'C')
- display(temp.listfields(), temp.getresult())
- print "Listing C internal functions ..."
- temp = list_lang_func(pgcnx, 'internal')
- display(temp.listfields(), temp.getresult())
- print "Listing SQL functions defined ..."
- temp = list_lang_func(pgcnx, 'sql')
- display(temp.listfields(), temp.getresult())
- print "Listing 'aggregate functions' ..."
- temp = list_agg_func(pgcnx)
- display(temp.listfields(), temp.getresult())
- print "Listing 'operator classes' ..."
- temp = list_op_class(pgcnx)
- display(temp.listfields(), temp.getresult())
projects / postgresql / commitdiff