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+<title>Control de Acceso - Servidor HTTP Apache Versión 2.5</title>\r
+<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />\r
+<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />\r
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+</script>\r
+\r
+<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>\r
+<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">\r
+<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Módulos</a> | <a href="../mod/quickreference.html">Directivas</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">Preguntas Frecuentes</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glosario</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Mapa del sitio web</a></p>\r
+<p class="apache">Versión 2.5 del Servidor HTTP Apache</p>\r
+<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div>\r
+<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>\r
+<div id="path">\r
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">Servidor HTTP</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentación</a> > <a href="../">Versión 2.5</a> > <a href="./">How-To / Tutoriales</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Control de Acceso</h1>\r
+<div class="toplang">\r
+<p><span>Idiomas disponibles: </span><a href="../en/howto/access.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> |\r
+<a href="../es/howto/access.html" title="Español"> es </a> |\r
+<a href="../fr/howto/access.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>\r
+</div>\r
+\r
+ <p>El control de acceso, hace referencia a todos los medios que proporcionan\r
+ una forma de controlar el acceso a cualquier recurso. Esta parte está\r
+ separada de <a href="auth.html">autenticación y autorización</a>.</p>\r
+</div>\r
+<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#related">Módulos y Directivas relacionados</a></li>\r
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#host">Control de Acceso por host</a></li>\r
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#env">Access control by arbitrary variables</a></li>\r
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewrite">Access control with mod_rewrite</a></li>\r
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#moreinformation">More information</a></li>\r
+</ul><h3>Consulte también</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comentarios</a></li></ul></div>\r
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>\r
+<div class="section">\r
+<h2><a name="related" id="related">Módulos y Directivas relacionados</a></h2>\r
+\r
+ <p>El control de acceso puede efectuarse mediante diferentes módulos. Los \r
+ más importantes de éstos son <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code> y\r
+ <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code>. También se habla en este documento de\r
+ el control de acceso usando el módulo <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>.</p>\r
+\r
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>\r
+<div class="section">\r
+<h2><a name="host" id="host">Control de Acceso por host</a></h2>\r
+ <p>\r
+ Si lo que se quiere es restringir algunas zonas del sitio web, basándonos\r
+ en la dirección del visitante, esto puede ser realizado de manera \r
+ fácil con el módulo <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code>.\r
+ </p>\r
+\r
+ <p>La directiva <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code>\r
+ proporciona una variedad de diferentes maneras de permitir o denegar el acceso a los recursos. Además puede ser usada junto con las directivas:<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall">RequireAll</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireany">RequireAny</a></code>, y <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requirenone">RequireNone</a></code>, estos requerimientos pueden\r
+ ser combinados de forma compleja y arbitraria, para cumplir cualquiera que\r
+ sean tus políticas de acceso.</p>\r
+\r
+ <div class="warning"><p>\r
+ Las directivas <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html#allow">Allow</a></code>,\r
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html#deny">Deny</a></code>, y\r
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html#order">Order</a></code>,\r
+ proporcionadas por <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html">mod_access_compat</a></code>, están obsoletas y\r
+ serán quitadas en futuras versiones. Deberá evitar su uso, y también\r
+ los tutoriales desactualizaos que recomienden su uso.\r
+ </p></div>\r
+\r
+ <p>El uso de estas directivas es:</p>\r
+\r
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require host <var>address</var>\r
+Require ip <var>ip.address</var>\r
+ </pre>\r
+\r
+\r
+ <p>En la primera formaIn the first form, <var>address</var> is a fully qualified\r
+ domain name (or a partial domain name); you may provide multiple\r
+ addresses or domain names, if desired.</p>\r
+\r
+ <p>In the second form, <var>ip.address</var> is an IP address, a\r
+ partial IP address, a network/netmask pair, or a network/nnn CIDR\r
+ specification. Either IPv4 or IPv6 addresses may be used.</p>\r
+\r
+ <p>See <a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html#requiredirectives">the\r
+ mod_authz_host documentation</a> for further examples of this\r
+ syntax.</p>\r
+\r
+ <p>You can insert <code>not</code> to negate a particular requirement.\r
+ Note, that since a <code>not</code> is a negation of a value, it cannot\r
+ be used by itself to allow or deny a request, as <em>not true</em>\r
+ does not constitute <em>false</em>. Thus, to deny a visit using a negation,\r
+ the block must have one element that evaluates as true or false.\r
+ For example, if you have someone spamming your message\r
+ board, and you want to keep them out, you could do the\r
+ following:</p>\r
+\r
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><RequireAll>\r
+ Require all granted\r
+ Require not ip 10.252.46.165\r
+</RequireAll></pre>\r
+\r
+\r
+ <p>Visitors coming from that address (<code>10.252.46.165</code>)\r
+ will not be able to see the content covered by this directive. If,\r
+ instead, you have a machine name, rather than an IP address, you\r
+ can use that.</p>\r
+\r
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require not host <var>host.example.com</var>\r
+ </pre>\r
+\r
+\r
+ <p>And, if you'd like to block access from an entire domain,\r
+ you can specify just part of an address or domain name:</p>\r
+\r
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require not ip 192.168.205\r
+Require not host phishers.example.com moreidiots.example\r
+Require not host gov</pre>\r
+\r
+\r
+ <p>Use of the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall">RequireAll</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireany">RequireAny</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requirenone">RequireNone</a></code> directives may be\r
+ used to enforce more complex sets of requirements.</p>\r
+\r
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>\r
+<div class="section">\r
+<h2><a name="env" id="env">Access control by arbitrary variables</a></h2>\r
+\r
+ <p>Using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code>,\r
+ you can allow or deny access based on arbitrary environment\r
+ variables or request header values. For example, to deny access\r
+ based on user-agent (the browser type) you might do the\r
+ following:</p>\r
+\r
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><If "%{HTTP_USER_AGENT} == 'BadBot'">\r
+ Require all denied\r
+</If></pre>\r
+\r
+\r
+ <p>Using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code>\r
+ <code>expr</code> syntax, this could also be written as:</p>\r
+\r
+\r
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require expr %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} != 'BadBot'</pre>\r
+\r
+\r
+ <div class="note"><h3>Warning:</h3>\r
+ <p>Access control by <code>User-Agent</code> is an unreliable technique,\r
+ since the <code>User-Agent</code> header can be set to anything at all,\r
+ at the whim of the end user.</p>\r
+ </div>\r
+\r
+ <p>See <a href="../expr.html">the expressions document</a> for a\r
+ further discussion of what expression syntaxes and variables are\r
+ available to you.</p>\r
+\r
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>\r
+<div class="section">\r
+<h2><a name="rewrite" id="rewrite">Access control with mod_rewrite</a></h2>\r
+\r
+ <p>The <code>[F]</code> <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> flag causes a 403 Forbidden\r
+ response to be sent. Using this, you can deny access to a resource based\r
+ on arbitrary criteria.</p>\r
+\r
+ <p>For example, if you wish to block access to a resource between 8pm\r
+ and 6am, you can do this using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>.</p>\r
+\r
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteEngine On\r
+RewriteCond "%{TIME_HOUR}" ">=20" [OR]\r
+RewriteCond "%{TIME_HOUR}" "<07"\r
+RewriteRule "^/fridge" "-" [F]</pre>\r
+\r
+\r
+ <p>This will return a 403 Forbidden response for any request after 8pm\r
+ or before 7am. This technique can be used for any criteria that you wish\r
+ to check. You can also redirect, or otherwise rewrite these requests, if\r
+ that approach is preferred.</p>\r
+\r
+ <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code> directive,\r
+ added in 2.4, replaces many things that <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> has\r
+ traditionally been used to do, and you should probably look there first\r
+ before resorting to mod_rewrite.</p>\r
+\r
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>\r
+<div class="section">\r
+<h2><a name="moreinformation" id="moreinformation">More information</a></h2>\r
+\r
+ <p>The <a href="../expr.html">expression engine</a> gives you a\r
+ great deal of power to do a variety of things based on arbitrary\r
+ server variables, and you should consult that document for more\r
+ detail.</p>\r
+\r
+ <p>Also, you should read the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code>\r
+ documentation for examples of combining multiple access requirements\r
+ and specifying how they interact.</p>\r
+\r
+ <p>See also the <a href="auth.html">Authentication and Authorization</a>\r
+ howto.</p>\r
+</div></div>\r
+<div class="bottomlang">\r
+<p><span>Idiomas disponibles: </span><a href="../en/howto/access.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English"> en </a> |\r
+<a href="../es/howto/access.html" title="Español"> es </a> |\r
+<a href="../fr/howto/access.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>\r
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comentarios</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>\r
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