The *input* argument is passed to :meth:`Popen.communicate` and thus to the
subprocess's stdin. If used it must be a byte sequence, or a string if
- *encoding* or *errors* is specified or *universal_newlines* is True. When
- ``universal_newlines=True``. When used, the internal :class:`Popen` object
- is automatically created with ``stdin=PIPE``, and the *stdin* argument may
- not be used as well.
++ *encoding* or *errors* is specified or *universal_newlines* is true. When
+ used, the internal :class:`Popen` object is automatically created with
+ ``stdin=PIPE``, and the *stdin* argument may not be used as well.
- If *check* is True, and the process exits with a non-zero exit code, a
+ If *check* is true, and the process exits with a non-zero exit code, a
:exc:`CalledProcessError` exception will be raised. Attributes of that
exception hold the arguments, the exit code, and stdout and stderr if they
were captured.
- If *encoding* or *errors* are specified, or *universal_newlines* is True,
++ If *encoding* or *errors* are specified, or *universal_newlines* is true,
+ file objects for stdin, stdout and stderr are opened in text mode using the
+ specified *encoding* and *errors* or the :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` default.
+ Otherwise, file objects are opened in binary mode.
+
Examples::
>>> subprocess.run(["ls", "-l"]) # doesn't capture output
.. index::
single: universal newlines; subprocess module
- If *encoding* or *errors* are specified, or *universal_newlines* is True,
- If *universal_newlines* is ``False`` the file objects *stdin*, *stdout* and
- *stderr* will be opened as binary streams, and no line ending conversion is
- done.
++ If *encoding* or *errors* are specified, or *universal_newlines* is true,
+ the file objects *stdin*, *stdout* and *stderr* will be opened in text
+ mode using the *encoding* and *errors* specified in the call or the
+ defaults for :class:`io.TextIOWrapper`.
+
+ For *stdin*, line ending characters ``'\n'`` in the input will be converted
+ to the default line separator :data:`os.linesep`. For *stdout* and *stderr*,
+ all line endings in the output will be converted to ``'\n'``. For more
+ information see the documentation of the :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` class
+ when the *newline* argument to its constructor is ``None``.
- If *universal_newlines* is ``True``, these file objects
- will be opened as text streams in :term:`universal newlines` mode
- using the encoding returned by :func:`locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
- <locale.getpreferredencoding>`. For *stdin*, line ending characters
- ``'\n'`` in the input will be converted to the default line separator
- :data:`os.linesep`. For *stdout* and *stderr*, all line endings in the
- output will be converted to ``'\n'``. For more information see the
- documentation of the :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` class when the *newline*
- argument to its constructor is ``None``.
+ If text mode is not used, *stdin*, *stdout* and *stderr* will be opened as
+ binary streams. No encoding or line ending conversion is performed.
+
+ .. versionadded:: 3.6
+ Added *encoding* and *errors* parameters.
.. note::
:meth:`.infolist` methods of :class:`ZipFile` objects. Each object stores
information about a single member of the ZIP archive.
-Instances have the following attributes:
+There is one classmethod to make a :class:`ZipInfo` instance for a filesystem
+file:
+
+.. classmethod:: ZipInfo.from_file(filename, arcname=None)
+
+ Construct a :class:`ZipInfo` instance for a file on the filesystem, in
+ preparation for adding it to a zip file.
+
+ *filename* should be the path to a file or directory on the filesystem.
+
+ If *arcname* is specified, it is used as the name within the archive.
+ If *arcname* is not specified, the name will be the same as *filename*, but
+ with any drive letter and leading path separators removed.
+
+ .. versionadded:: 3.6
+
+Instances have the following methods and attributes:
+
+.. method:: ZipInfo.is_dir()
+
- Return True if this archive member is a directory.
++ Return ``True`` if this archive member is a directory.
+
+ This uses the entry's name: directories should always end with ``/``.
+
+ .. versionadded:: 3.6
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.filename