# files needed to build zic utility program
ZICOBJS= zic.o $(WIN32RES)
-# timezone data files
-TZDATA = africa antarctica asia australasia europe northamerica southamerica \
- pacificnew etcetera factory backward systemv
-TZDATAFILES = $(TZDATA:%=$(srcdir)/data/%)
+# we now distribute the timezone data as a single file
+TZDATAFILES = $(srcdir)/data/tzdata.zi
# which zone should determine the DST rules (not the specific UTC offset!)
# for POSIX-style timezone specs
This is a PostgreSQL adapted version of the IANA timezone library from
- http://www.iana.org/time-zones
+ https://www.iana.org/time-zones
-The latest versions of both the tzdata and tzcode tarballs are normally
-available right from that page. Historical versions can be found
+The latest version of the timezone data and library source code is
+available right from that page. It's best to get the merged file
+tzdb-NNNNX.tar.lz, since the other archive formats omit tzdata.zi.
+Historical versions, as well as release announcements, can be found
elsewhere on the site.
Since time zone rules change frequently in some parts of the world,
Time Zone data
==============
-The data files under data/ are an exact copy of the latest tzdata set,
-except that we omit some files that are not of interest for our purposes.
+We distribute the time zone source data as-is under src/timezone/data/.
+Currently, we distribute just the abbreviated single-file format
+"tzdata.zi", to reduce the size of our tarballs as well as churn
+in our git repo. Feeding that file to zic produces the same compiled
+output as feeding the bulkier individual data files would do.
-While the files under data/ can just be duplicated when updating, manual
-effort is needed to update the time zone abbreviation lists under tznames/.
+While data/tzdata.zi can just be duplicated when updating, manual effort
+is needed to update the time zone abbreviation lists under tznames/.
These need to be changed whenever new abbreviations are invented or the
UTC offset associated with an existing abbreviation changes. To detect
if this has happened, after installing new files under data/ do
+++ /dev/null
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
-# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
-# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20):
-#
-# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
-# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
-# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
-#
-# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
-# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
-# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
-# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
-# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
-#
-# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
-# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
-# I found in the UCLA library.
-#
-# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
-# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
-#
-# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
-#
-# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
-# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
-# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
-# for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
-# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
-# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
-# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
-# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
-# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
-#
-# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
-# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
-# +02 CAT Central Africa Time
-# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time
-# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
-# +01 WAT West Africa Time
-# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
-# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
-# cannot now come up with solid citations.
-#
-# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
-# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time
-# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
-# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
-# +03 EAT East Africa Time
-# 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired
-# with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
-
-# Algeria
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
-# more precise 0:09:21.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
- 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
- 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
- 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
- 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
- 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
- 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
- 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
- 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
- 1:00 - CET
-
-# Angola
-# Benin
-# See Africa/Lagos.
-
-# Botswana
-# See Africa/Maputo.
-
-# Burkina Faso
-# See Africa/Abidjan.
-
-# Burundi
-# See Africa/Maputo.
-
-# Cameroon
-# See Africa/Lagos.
-
-# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
-#
-# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
-# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
-# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
-# merely made it official?
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
- -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep
- -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15
- -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00
- -1:00 - -01
-
-# Central African Republic
-# See Africa/Lagos.
-
-# Chad
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
- 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
- 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
- 1:00 - WAT
-
-# Comoros
-# See Africa/Nairobi.
-
-# Democratic Republic of the Congo
-# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
-
-# Republic of the Congo
-# See Africa/Lagos.
-
-# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - GMT
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe
-Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
-
-# Djibouti
-# See Africa/Nairobi.
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Egypt
-
-# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
-# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
-# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
-# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
-# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
-# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
-# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
-# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
-# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
-#
-# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
-# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
-# or
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
-Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
-# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
-# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
-# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
-# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
-Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
-# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
-# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
-# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
-# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
-Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
-# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
-# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
-# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
-# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
-# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
-# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
-# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
-# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
-
-# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
-# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
-#
-# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
-# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
-# Apr 23
-# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
-# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
-# Apr 24
-# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
-# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
-# Aug 27
-# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
-# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
-# Aug 27
-# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
-#
-# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
-# :59)
-# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
-#
-# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
-#
-# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
-# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
-# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
-# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
-# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
-# in September.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
-# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
-# Information and Decision Support Center:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
-#
-# The Middle East News Agency
-# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
-# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
-# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
-# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
-# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
-# (at least today).
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
-# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
-# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
-# Ramadan.
-#
-# Arabic translation:
-# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
-# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
-
-# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
-# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
-# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
-
-# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
-# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
-
-# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
-# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
-# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
-# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
-# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
-# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
-# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
-# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
-# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
-# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
-# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
-# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
-# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
-# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
-# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
-# no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
-# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
-# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
-# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
-# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
-# dates not yet announced....
-# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
-
-# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
-# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
-# least for 2015.
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
-# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
-# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
-# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
-# practice altogether in future years."
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
-# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
-# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
-# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
-# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
-# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
-# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
-# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
-
-Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
- 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
-
-# Equatorial Guinea
-# See Africa/Lagos.
-
-# Eritrea
-# Ethiopia
-# See Africa/Nairobi.
-
-# Gabon
-# See Africa/Lagos.
-
-# Gambia
-# See Africa/Abidjan.
-
-# Ghana
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
-# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
-# and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
-# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
-# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
-# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
-Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
-Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
- 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020
-
-# Guinea
-# See Africa/Abidjan.
-
-# Guinea-Bissau
-#
-# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
-# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
-# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
-# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
- -1:00 - -01 1975
- 0:00 - GMT
-
-# Kenya
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
- 3:00 - EAT 1930
- 2:30 - +0230 1940
- 2:45 - +0245 1960
- 3:00 - EAT
-Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
-Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
-Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
-Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
-Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
-Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
-Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
-Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
-Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
-
-# Lesotho
-# See Africa/Johannesburg.
-
-# Liberia
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):
-#
-# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.
-#
-# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UTC offset
-# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on
-# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
-# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
-# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
-# Monrovia: Executive Mansion.
-#
-# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric
-# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
- -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
- -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
- 0:00 - GMT
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Libya
-
-# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
-# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
-# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
-# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
-#
-# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
-# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
-# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
-# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
-# lastFri instead of lastSun).
-
-# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
-# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
-# cancelled yesterday....
-# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
-# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
- 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
- 2:00 - EET 1982
- 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
-# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
-# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
- 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
- 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
- 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
- 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
- 2:00 - EET
-
-# Madagascar
-# See Africa/Nairobi.
-
-# Malawi
-# See Africa/Maputo.
-
-# Mali
-# Mauritania
-# See Africa/Abidjan.
-
-# Mauritius
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
-# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
-# basis....
-# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
-# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
-
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
-# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
-# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
-# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
-# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
-# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
-# According to
-# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
-# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
-# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
-# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
-# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
-#
-# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
-# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
-# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
-# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
-# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
-# changes two days later.
-
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
-# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
-# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
-# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
-#
-# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
-# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
-# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
-
-# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
-# The Government of Mauritius weblink
-# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
-# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
-#
-# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
-# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
-# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
-# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
-# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
-# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
-# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
-# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
-# and end on 29 March 2009.
-
-# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
-# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
-# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
-# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
-# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
-# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
-# DST the coming summer...
-#
-# Some sources, in French:
-# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
-# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
-#
-# Our wrap-up:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
-# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
-# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
-# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
- 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05
-# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
-# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
-
-# Mayotte
-# See Africa/Nairobi.
-
-# Morocco
-# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
-
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
-# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
-# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
-#
-# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
-# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
-# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
-#
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
-# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
-
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
-# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
-# Presse:
-# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
-#
-# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
-# spokesman.
-
-# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
-# According to this article:
-# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
-# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
-# the changes occur at midnight:
-#
-# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
-# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
-# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
-#
-# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
-# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
-# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
-# June 1st to Sept 27th.
-#
-# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
-# published on the web.
-#
-# It's also confirmed here:
-# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
-# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
-# posted in English).
-#
-# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
-# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
-# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
-# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
-# of September:
-#
-# One article about it (in French):
-# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
-#
-# We have some further details posted here:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
-# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
-# to many sources, such as
-# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
-# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
-# (French)
-#
-# Our summary:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
-# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
-# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
-#
-# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
-# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
-# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
-# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
-#
-# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
-# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
-# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
-# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
-#
-# Example:
-# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
-# (French)
-# Our page:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
-
-# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
-# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
-# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
-# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
-# ...Official links of change in morocco
-# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
-# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
-# +212.537.71.84.00
-# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
-# They said that
-# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
-# is the official publication to look at.
-# They said that the decision was already taken.
-#
-# More articles in the press
-# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
-# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
-# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
-
-# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
-# They have it written in English here:
-# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
-#
-# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
-# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
-# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
-# also been like that in the past.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
-# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
-# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
-# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
-# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
-# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
-# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
-# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
-# except the month of Ramadan.
-# or (brief)
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
-# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
-# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
-# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
-# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
-# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
-
-# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
-# Seen Morocco change again:
-# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
-# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
-# comme annoncé précédemment."
-
-# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
-# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
-# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
-#
-# Google translation, lightly edited:
-# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
-# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
-# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
-# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
-# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
-# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
-# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
-# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
-# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
-# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
-# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
-# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
-# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
-# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
-
-# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
-# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
-# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
-# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
-# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
-# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
-# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
-# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
-# source (French):
-# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
-# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
-# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
-
-# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
-# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
-
-# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
-# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
-# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
-# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
-# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
-
-# From Milamber (2015-06-08):
-# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
-# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
-# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
-# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
-# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
-# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
-# Source (french):
-# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
-#
-# From Milamber (2015-06-09):
-# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
-#
-# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
-# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
-# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
-# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
-# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
-# with the patch.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08):
-# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules,
-# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
-# Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after
-# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were
-# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
-# results integrated by hand into the table below.
-# (let ((islamic-year 1437))
-# (require 'cal-islam)
-# (while (< islamic-year 1460)
-# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
-# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
-# (sunday 0))
-# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
-# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
-# (setq b (1+ b)))
-# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
-# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
-# (insert
-# (format
-# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
-# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
-# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
-# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
-# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
-
-# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-
-Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
- 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
- 1:00 - CET 1986
- 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
-
-# Western Sahara
-#
-# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
-# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
-# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
-# Morocco does.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
-# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
-# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
-
-Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
- -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14
- 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
-
-# Mozambique
-#
-# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
-# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
-# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
-# merely made it official?
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - CAT
-Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
-Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
-Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
-Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
-Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
-Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
-Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
-
-
-# Namibia
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):
-# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at
-# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf
-# and includes this nugget:
-# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the
-# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall
-# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on
-# Sunday 4 September 1994.
-
-# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
-# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
-# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
-# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
-# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
-# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
-# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
-# of the country.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
-# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
-# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
-# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
-# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
-# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):
-# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:
-# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
-# This video is from the government decision:
-# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665
-# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at
-# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html
-
-# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Namibia 1994 2016 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
- 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
- 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
- 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
- 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00
- 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 2017 Sep 3 2:00
- 2:00 - CAT
-
-# Niger
-# See Africa/Lagos.
-
-# Nigeria
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
- 1:00 - WAT
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
-
-# Réunion
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
- 4:00 - +04
-#
-# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
-#
-# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
-# The following information about them is taken from
-# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
-# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
-# We have no info about their time zone histories.
-#
-# Bassas da India - uninhabited
-# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
-# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
-# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
-# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
-
-# Rwanda
-# See Africa/Maputo.
-
-# St Helena
-# See Africa/Abidjan.
-# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
-# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
-# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
-# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
-# on GMT, says the CIA
-# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
-
-# São Tomé and Príncipe
-# Senegal
-# See Africa/Abidjan.
-
-# Seychelles
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
- 4:00 - +04
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
-# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
-# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
-# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
-# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
-# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
-
-# Sierra Leone
-# See Africa/Abidjan.
-
-# Somalia
-# See Africa/Nairobi.
-
-# South Africa
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
- 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
- 2:00 SA SAST
-Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
-Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
-#
-# Marion and Prince Edward Is
-# scientific station since 1947
-# no information
-
-# Sudan
-
-# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
-# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
-# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
-# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
-# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
-# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
-
-# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17):
-# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00)
-# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
-# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the
-# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia
-# Abdalla of NTC, archived at:
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
- 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
- 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1
- 2:00 - CAT
-
-# South Sudan
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931
- 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
- 3:00 - EAT
-
-# Swaziland
-# See Africa/Johannesburg.
-
-# Tanzania
-# See Africa/Nairobi.
-
-# Togo
-# See Africa/Abidjan.
-
-# Tunisia
-
-# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
-# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
-# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
-# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
-# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
-# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
-# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
-# Saturday." (My translation)
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
-# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
-# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
-# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
-# 1h standard time.
-#
-# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
-# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
-# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
-# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
-# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
-# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
-# (Arabic)
-# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
-# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
-#
-# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
-# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
-# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
-#
-# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
-#
-# (in English)
-# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
-#
-# (in Arabic)
-# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
-# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
-# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
-# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
-# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
-# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
-# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
-#
-# (translation):
-# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
-# Sunday...
-# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
-# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
-#
-# (in Arabic)
-# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
-# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
-# more precise 0:09:21.
-# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
- 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
- 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
-
-# Uganda
-# See Africa/Nairobi.
-
-# Zambia
-# Zimbabwe
-# See Africa/Maputo.
+++ /dev/null
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
-# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
-# COMNAP - Stations and Bases
-# http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/
-# and
-# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
-# http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm
-# for information.
-# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
-
-# FORMAT is '-00' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
-
-# Argentina - year-round bases
-# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
-# Carlini, Potter Cove, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
-# Esperanza, Hope Bay, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
-# Marambio, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
-# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
-# San Martín, Barry I, -6808-06706, since 1951-03-21
-# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
-
-# Australia - territories
-# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
-# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
-# Margaret Turner reports
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html
-# (1999-09-30) that they're UT +05, with no DST;
-# presumably this is when they have visitors.
-#
-# year-round bases
-# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
-# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
-# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
-# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
-# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
-# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
-# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
-# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
-# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
-#
-# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
-# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
-#
-# We have more background information here:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
-# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ...
-#
-# - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
-# The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
-# has not been decided yet.
-#
-# - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010
-# 20:00 UTC.
-#
-# - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
-#
-# Background:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-10-28):
-# Australian Antarctica Division informed us that Casey changed time
-# zone to UTC+11 in "the morning of 22nd October 2016".
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - -00 1969
- 8:00 - +08 2009 Oct 18 2:00
- 11:00 - +11 2010 Mar 5 2:00
- 8:00 - +08 2011 Oct 28 2:00
- 11:00 - +11 2012 Feb 21 17:00u
- 8:00 - +08 2016 Oct 22
- 11:00 - +11
-Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - -00 1957 Jan 13
- 7:00 - +07 1964 Nov
- 0 - -00 1969 Feb
- 7:00 - +07 2009 Oct 18 2:00
- 5:00 - +05 2010 Mar 10 20:00u
- 7:00 - +07 2011 Oct 28 2:00
- 5:00 - +05 2012 Feb 21 20:00u
- 7:00 - +07
-Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - -00 1954 Feb 13
- 6:00 - +06 2009 Oct 18 2:00
- 5:00 - +05
-# References:
-# Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
-# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html
-# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
-# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html
-# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
-# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html
-
-# Belgium - year-round base
-# Princess Elisabeth, Queen Maud Land, -713412+0231200, since 2007
-
-# Brazil - year-round base
-# Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
-
-# Bulgaria - year-round base
-# St. Kliment Ohridski, Livingston Island, -623829-0602153, since 1988
-
-# Chile - year-round bases and towns
-# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
-# Frei Montalva, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
-# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
-# Prat, -6230-05941
-# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
-# These locations employ Region of Magallanes time; use
-# TZ='America/Punta_Arenas'.
-
-# China - year-round bases
-# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
-# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
-
-# France - year-round bases (also see "France & Italy")
-#
-# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
-# Time data entries are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
-# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
-# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adélie bases
-# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adélie supplies came
-# from Tasmania.
-#
-# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
-#
-# Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964;
-# sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+;
-# see Indian/Reunion.
-#
-# Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
-# Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
-# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
-#
-# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
-# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français
- 5:00 - +05
-#
-# year-round base in the main continent
-# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
-# <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05)
-#
-# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
-# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947
- 10:00 - +10 1952 Jan 14
- 0 - -00 1956 Nov
- 10:00 - +10
-
-# France & Italy - year-round base
-# Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005
-
-# Germany - year-round base
-# Neumayer III, -704080-0081602, since 2009
-
-# India - year-round bases
-# Bharati, -692428+0761114, since 2012
-# Maitri, -704558+0114356, since 1989
-
-# Italy - year-round base (also see "France & Italy")
-# Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986
-
-# Japan - year-round bases
-# Syowa (also known as Showa), -690022+0393524, since 1957
-#
-# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
-# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
-#
-# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
-# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
-# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29
- 3:00 - +03
-# See:
-# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
-# http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html
-
-# S Korea - year-round base
-# Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014
-# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
-
-# New Zealand - claims
-# Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
-# Scott Island (never inhabited)
-#
-# year-round base
-# Scott Base, Ross Island, since 1957-01.
-# See Pacific/Auckland.
-
-# Norway - territories
-# Bouvet (never inhabited)
-#
-# claims
-# Peter I Island (never inhabited)
-#
-# year-round base
-# Troll, Queen Maud Land, -720041+0023206, since 2005-02-12
-#
-# From Paul-Inge Flakstad (2014-03-10):
-# I recently had a long dialog about this with the developer of timegenie.com.
-# In the absence of specific dates, he decided to choose some likely ones:
-# GMT +1 - From March 1 to the last Sunday in March
-# GMT +2 - From the last Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October
-# GMT +1 - From the last Sunday in October until November 7
-# GMT +0 - From November 7 until March 1
-# The dates for switching to and from UTC+0 will probably not be absolutely
-# correct, but they should be quite close to the actual dates.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-21):
-# The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tz 2014b or later, so as
-# suggested by Bengt-Inge Larsson comment them out for now, and approximate
-# with only UTC and CEST. Uncomment them when 2014b is more prevalent.
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-#Rule Troll 2005 max - Mar 1 1:00u 1:00 +01
-Rule Troll 2005 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 2:00 +02
-#Rule Troll 2005 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 1:00 +01
-#Rule Troll 2004 max - Nov 7 1:00u 0:00 +00
-# Remove the following line when uncommenting the above '#Rule' lines.
-Rule Troll 2004 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0:00 +00
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Troll 0 - -00 2005 Feb 12
- 0:00 Troll %s
-
-# Poland - year-round base
-# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
-
-# Romania - year-bound base
-# Law-Racoviță, Larsemann Hills, -692319+0762251, since 1986
-
-# Russia - year-round bases
-# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
-# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
-# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
-# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
-# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
-# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
-
-# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
-# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
-# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
-# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
-# time as Moscow, Russia.
-#
-# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
-# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
-# what they had to say about time there:
-# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
-# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
-# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
-# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
-# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
-# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
-# in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
-# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
-# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
-# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
-# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
-# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess +06.
-#
-Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 Dec 16
- 6:00 - +06
-
-# S Africa - year-round bases
-# Marion Island, -4653+03752
-# SANAE IV, Vesleskarvet, Queen Maud Land, -714022-0025026, since 1997
-
-# Ukraine - year-round base
-# Vernadsky (formerly Faraday), Galindez Island, -651445-0641526, since 1954
-
-# United Kingdom
-#
-# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
-# South Orkney Islands
-# scientific station from 1903
-# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
-# South Shetland Islands
-#
-# year-round bases
-# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
-# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
-# scientific station 1943/1967,
-# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
-# and a garrison was deployed briefly
-# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
-# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
-# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
-# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
-# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - -00 1976 Dec 1
- -3:00 - -03
-
-# Uruguay - year round base
-# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
-
-# USA - year-round bases
-#
-# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
-# See 'southamerica' for Antarctica/Palmer, since it uses South American DST.
-#
-# McMurdo Station, Ross Island, since 1955-12
-# Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
-#
-# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
-# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
-# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
-# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
-# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
-# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
-# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 Degrees South.)
-#
-# From Susan Smith
-# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
-# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
-# We use the same time as McMurdo does.
-# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
-# One last quirk about South Pole time.
-# All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
-# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
-# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days,
-# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
-# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
-#
-# See 'australasia' for Antarctica/McMurdo.
+++ /dev/null
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
-# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
-# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-13):
-#
-# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
-# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
-# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
-#
-# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
-# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
-# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
-# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
-# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
-#
-# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
-# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
-# I found in the UCLA library.
-#
-# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
-# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
-#
-# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
-# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
-# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
-#
-# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
-#
-# The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables:
-# std dst
-# LMT Local Mean Time
-# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
-# 2:00 IST IDT Israel
-# 5:30 IST India
-# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
-# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
-# 8:00 CST China
-# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
-# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
-# 9:00 JST JDT Japan
-# 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
-# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
-# Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
-# and +0330 for integer hour and minute UTC offsets. Although earlier
-# editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
-# offset, this did not reflect common practice.
-#
-# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
-
-# From Guy Harris:
-# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
-# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
-# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
-# Worldwide Edition).
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
-Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
-Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
-Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-
-# Afghanistan
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
- 4:00 - +04 1945
- 4:30 - +0430
-
-# Armenia
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
-# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
-# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
-# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
-# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
-# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
-# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
-# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
-# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
-# follow Russia's "old" rules.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
-# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
-# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
-#
-# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
-# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
-# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
-# or
-# (brief)
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
- 4:00 - +04 1997
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011
- 4:00 Armenia +04/+05
-
-# Azerbaijan
-
-# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
-# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
-# http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
-# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
-# daylight saving time....
-# https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
-# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
-# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
-Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
- 4:00 - +04 1996
- 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997
- 4:00 Azer +04/+05
-
-# Bahrain
-# See Asia/Qatar.
-
-# Bangladesh
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
-# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
-# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
-#
-# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
-# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
-#
-# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
-# June
-# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
-# crippling power crisis. "
-#
-# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
-# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
-# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
-# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
-#
-# Some sources:
-# https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
-# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
-#
-# Our wrap-up:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
-
-# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
-# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
-# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
-# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
-#
-# No DST end date has been announced yet.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
-# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
-# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
-#
-# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
-# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
-# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
-# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
-# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
-# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
-# "continue for an indefinite period."
-#
-# One of many places where it is published:
-# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
-# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
-# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
-#
-# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
-# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
-#
-# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
-# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
-# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
-# Minister's Office last night..."
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
-# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
-# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
-# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
- 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
- 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
- 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
- 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30
- 6:00 - +06 2009
- 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07
-
-# Bhutan
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
- 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct
- 6:00 - +06
-
-# British Indian Ocean Territory
-# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
-# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
-# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
-# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
-# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
- 5:00 - +05 1996
- 6:00 - +06
-
-# Brunei
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
- 7:30 - +0730 1933
- 8:00 - +08
-
-# Burma / Myanmar
-
-# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
-# Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is
-# used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead
-# of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630,
-# a transition for which Shanks is the only source.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
- 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time
- 6:30 - +0630 1942 May
- 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3
- 6:30 - +0630
-
-# Cambodia
-# See Asia/Bangkok.
-
-
-# China
-
-# From Guy Harris:
-# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
-
-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
-# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
-# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
-# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
-# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
-# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
-#
-# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
-# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
-# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
-#
-# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
-# 1987 mid-April - ??
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
-# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
-# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
-# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
-# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
-# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
-# Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
-# this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer
-# DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
-# go with them for DST rules as follows:
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
-Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
-
-# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
-# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
-# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
-# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
-#
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
-# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
-# https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
-# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
-# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
-# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
-# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
-# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
-# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
-# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):
-# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
-#
-# (1)
-# Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
-# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
-# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
-# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
-# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
-# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
-# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
-# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
-# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
-# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
-# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
-# could well have ignored any such mandate.
-#
-# (2)
-# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
-# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
-# [undated and unknown publication location]
-# It says several things:
-# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
-# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
-# the official calendar book of 1914.
-# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
-# French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
-# Observatory and set to local mean time.
-# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
-# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
-# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
-# became used by railways as well.
-# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
-# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
-# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
-# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
-# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
-# Japanese-occupied territory.
-# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
-# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
-# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
-# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
-# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
-#
-# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
-# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
-# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
-# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
-# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
-#
-# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
-# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
-# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
-# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
-# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
-# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
-#
-# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
-# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
-# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
-#
-# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
-# Now part of Asia/Shanghai.
-# most of China
-# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
-# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
-#
-# Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07
-# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
-# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
-# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong
-# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
-# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
-#
-# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
-# This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with
-# current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that
-# disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here.
-# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
-# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
-# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
-# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
-# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
-# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
-# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
-# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
-#
-# Kunlun Time UT +05:30
-# This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above).
-# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
-# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
-# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
-# and Yarkand.
-
-# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
-# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
-# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
-# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
-# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
-# they implicitly use Beijing time.
-#
-# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
-# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
-# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
-# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
-# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
-# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
-# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
-# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
-#
-# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
-# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
-# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
-#
-# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
-# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
-# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
-# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
-# others moving their clocks ahead.)
-
-# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
-# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
-# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
-#
-# 1. Wulumuqi...
-# 2. Kashi...
-# 3. Urumqi...
-# 4. Kashgar...
-# ...
-# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
-# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
-# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
-#
-# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
-# start date for Xinjiang time.
-#
-# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
-# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
-# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
-# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
-
-# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
-# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
-# https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
-
-# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
-# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
-# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
-# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
-# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
-# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
-# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
-# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
-# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
-# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
-# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
-# having the same time as Beijing.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
-# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
-# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
-# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
-# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
-# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
-#
-# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
-# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
-# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
-# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
-# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
-# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
-# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
-# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
-# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
-# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
-# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
-# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
-# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
-# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
-# +08 mandate back then.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
-Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
- 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
- 8:00 PRC C%sT
-# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
-# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
-Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
- 6:00 - +06
-
-
-# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
-
-# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
-
-# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
-# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
-# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
-# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
-# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
-# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
-# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
-# obtained from
-# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
-# Here are the dates given at
-# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
-# as of 2009-10-28:
-# Year Period
-# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
-# 1942 Whole year
-# 1943 Whole year
-# 1944 Whole year
-# 1945 Whole year
-# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
-# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
-# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
-# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
-# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
-# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
-# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
-# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
-# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
-# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
-# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
-# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
-# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
-# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
-# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
-# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
-# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
-# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
-# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
-# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
-# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
-# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
-# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
-# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
-# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
-# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
-# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
-# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
-# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
-# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
-# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
-# 1977 Nil
-# 1978 Nil
-# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
-# 1980 to Now Nil
-# The page does not give start or end times of day.
-# The page does not give a start date for 1942.
-# The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
-# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
-# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
-# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
- 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
- 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
- 8:00 HK HK%sT
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Taiwan
-
-# From smallufo (2010-04-03):
-# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
-# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
-# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
-
-# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
-# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
-# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
-# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
-# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
-# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
-# found on Wikisource:
-# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
-# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
-# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
-# declared officially.
-#
-# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
-# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
-# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
-# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
-# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
-# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
-# (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
-# be found on Wikisource:
-# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
-#
-# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
-
-# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
-# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
-# back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
-# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
-# zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another
-# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
-# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
-# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
-# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
-# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
-# that:
-#
-# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
-# the time at 135E (GMT+9)
-#
-# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
-# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
-# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
-# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
-#
-# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
-# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
-# Time.
-#
-# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
-# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
-# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
-# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
-# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
-# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
-
-# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
-# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
-# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General
-# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
-# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
-# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
-# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more
-# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
-# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
-# would be a good one.
-# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
-# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
-
-# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
-# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
-# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
-#
-# Original Bulletin:
-# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
-# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
-#
-# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
-# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
-#
-# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
-#
-# Here is a brief translation:
-#
-# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
-# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
-# adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
-#
-# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
-# be found from historical government announcement database.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
-# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
-# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
-Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
- 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1
- 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
- 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
-
-# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 S
-Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 S
-Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 S
-Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
-Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 S
-Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
- 8:00 Macau C%sT
-
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Cyprus
-
-# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
-# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
-# Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
-# lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
-# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
-#
-# From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
-# Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
-# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
-# Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus
-# staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A.
-# Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17.
-# https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
- 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
- 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
-Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
- 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
- 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8
- 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u
- 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
-
-# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
-# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
-Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
-
-# Georgia
-# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
-# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
-# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
-# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
-# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
-#
-# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
-# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
-# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
-# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
-#
-# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
-#
-# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
-# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
-# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
-# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
-# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
-# of integration into Europe.
-
-# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
-# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
-# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
-# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
-# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
-# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
-# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
-# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
-# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
-
-# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
-# Go with Byalokoz.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
- 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
- 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992
- 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun
- 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun
- 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun
- 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27
- 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
- 4:00 - +04
-
-# East Timor
-
-# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
-
-# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
-# East Timor may be late for its millennium
-# <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
-# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
-# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
-# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
-# conflicts with their way of life.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
-# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
-# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
-
-# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
-# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
-# (2000-08-16):
-# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
-# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
-# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
-# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
- 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00
- 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3
- 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00
- 9:00 - +09
-
-# India
-
-# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
-# https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
-# (2015-12-22):
-# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
-# outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of
-# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this
-# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
-# Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India.
-# "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic
-# measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras
-# (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time,
-# and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time:
-# 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19.
-# "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present
-# standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of
-# Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of
-# his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat
-# of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change
-# the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted
-# Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the
-# rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its
-# place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement.
-# Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55.
-#
-# "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the
-# only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time,
-# first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR)....
-# Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their
-# local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and
-# Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145.
-#
-# Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8.
-# https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212
-# This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on
-# 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some
-# municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta
-# continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at
-# government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or
-# at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more
-# appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do
-# elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was
-# consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway
-# time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the
-# 1941-1945 data.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata
- 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time?
- 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time
- 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct
- 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15
- 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
- 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
- 5:30 - IST
-# Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata:
-# Andaman Is
-# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
-# Nicobar Is
-
-# Indonesia
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
-# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
-# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
-#
-# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
-# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
-# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
-# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
-# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
-# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
-# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
-# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
-# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
-# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
-# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
-# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
-# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
-# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
-# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
-# switched on 1945-09-23.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
-# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
-# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
-# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
-# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
-# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
-# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
-# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
-#
-# WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
-# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
-# WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# Java, Sumatra
-Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
-# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
-# but this must be a typo.
- 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
- 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov
- 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
- 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
- 8:00 - +08 1950 May
- 7:30 - +0730 1964
- 7:00 - WIB
-# west and central Borneo
-Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
- 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
- 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
- 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
- 8:00 - +08 1950 May
- 7:30 - +0730 1964
- 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
- 7:00 - WIB
-# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
-Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
- 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
- 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
- 8:00 - WITA
-# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
-Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
- 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1
- 9:30 - +0930 1964
- 9:00 - WIT
-
-# Iran
-
-# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
-# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
-# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
-#
-# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
-# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
-#
-# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
-#
-# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
-# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
-# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
-# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
-# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
-# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
-#
-# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
-# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
-# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
-# Shahrivar.
-#
-# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
-#
-# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
-# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
-# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
-# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
-#
-# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
-# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
-# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
-# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
-# plan to change that law....
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
-# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
-# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
-# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
-# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
-# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
-# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
-# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
-# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
-# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
-# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
-# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
-# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
-# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
-# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
-# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
-# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
-# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
-# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
-#
-# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
-# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
-# daylight saving time ...
-# https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
-#
-# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
-# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
-# Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
-# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
-# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
-# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
-# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
-# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
-#
-# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
-# These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
-# restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
-# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
-# possibly Iran will change the rules first.
-Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
- 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
- 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov
- 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979
- 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430
-
-
-# Iraq
-#
-# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
-# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
-# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
-# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
-# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
-#
-# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
-# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
-# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
-# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
-# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
-#
-# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
-# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
-# news sources (in Arabic):
-# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
-# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
-#
-# We have published a short article in English about the change:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
-Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
-# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
-# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
-#
-Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
- 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
- 3:00 - +03 1982 May
- 3:00 Iraq +03/+04
-
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Israel
-
-# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
-#
-# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
-# different abbreviations in use:
-#
-# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
-# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
-# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
-#
-# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
-# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
-# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
-# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
-# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
-# settings in Israeli computers.
-#
-# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
-# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
-# family is from India).
-
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
-Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
-
-# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
-# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
-# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
-# ends and changes to Sunday.
-Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
-
-# From Ephraim Silverberg
-# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
-# and 2005-02-17):
-
-# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
-# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
-# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
-# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
-# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
-# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
-# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
-# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
-# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
-# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
-# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
-# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
-# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
-# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
-# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
-# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
-# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
-# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
-# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
-# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
-# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
-# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
-
-# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
-# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
-# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
-
-# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
-# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
-# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
-#
-# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
-#
-# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
-#
-# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
-#
-# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
-#
-# where YYYY is the relevant year.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
-
-# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
-# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
-# years 2001-2004 as well.
-#
-# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
-#
-# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
-#
-# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
-# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
-#
-# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
-
-# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
-# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
-# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
-# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
-# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
-#
-# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
-#
-# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
-# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
-# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
-# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
-# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
-# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
-# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
-#
-# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
-#
-# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
-# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
-# springtime transitions explicitly.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
-
-# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
-# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
-# Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
-# in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
-# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
-#
-# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
-# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
- 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
- 2:00 Zion I%sT
-
-
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Japan
-
-# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
-# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
-# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
-# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
-
-# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
-# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
-# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
-# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
-# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
-# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
-# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
-# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
-# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
-# wanted to keep it.)
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
-Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
-# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
-# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
-# would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
-
-# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
-# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
-# Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s),
-# 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
-# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
-# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
-# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
-# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
-
-# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
-# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
-# which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
-# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
-# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
-# time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
-# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
-# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
-# standard....
-#
-# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
-# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
-
-# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
-# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
-# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
-# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
-#
-# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
-# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
-# Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
-# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
- 9:00 Japan J%sT
-# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
-
-# Jordan
-#
-# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
-# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
-# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
-# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
-# all year round.
-#
-# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
-# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
-# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
-# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
-# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
-# government's departments from six to seven hours.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
-# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
-# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
-# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
-# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
-# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
-#
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
-# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
-# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
-#
-# Google's translation:
-#
-# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
-# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
-# > of the month of March of each year.
-#
-# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
-# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
-# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
-# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
-# until about the same time next year (at least).
-# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
-# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
-# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
-# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
-# Official, in Arabic:
-# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
-# ... Our background/permalink about it
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
-# ...
-# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
-# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
-# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
-# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
- 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
-
-
-# Kazakhstan
-
-# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
-# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
-# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
-# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
-# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
-#
-# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
-# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
-# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
-# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
-# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
-# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū,
-# Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
-# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
-# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
-# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
-# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
-#
-# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
-# from 1991-02-04 No. 20
-# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
-# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
-# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
-# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
-# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
-#
-# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
-# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
-# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
-# text.
-#
-# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
-# (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
-# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
-# transition to "summer" time:
-# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
-# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
-# were to move clocks 1 hour forward.
-# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik
-# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts
-# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
-# Other territories were to not move clocks.
-# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
-# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
-# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
-#
-# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
-# was one of such changes.
-#
-# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время
-# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
-# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
-# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
-# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
-# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
-# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
-# move clocks.)
-#
-# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
-# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
-# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth
-# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
-#
-# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 1992-01-13 No. 28
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
-# (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
-# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
-# 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated
-# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
-# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
-# 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
-# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
-# border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk
-# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth
-# time belt).
-#
-# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
-# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from
-# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk)....
-#
-# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 1992-03-27 No. 284
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
-# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts
-# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
-# and the fifth time belts respectively.
-#
-# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 1994-09-23 No. 384
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
-# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū
-# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
-# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
-# result)....
-#
-# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 1996-05-08 No. 575
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
-# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
-# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
-#
-# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 1999-03-26 No. 305
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
-# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the
-# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
-# time belt.
-#
-# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05....
-#
-# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
-# replaces the previous five documents.
-#
-# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
-# fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling
-# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
-# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast
-# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast
-# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
-# fourth time belt (no change in practice).
-#
-# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
-# modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently.
-#
-# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 2004-07-20 No. 775
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
-# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into
-# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
-# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
-# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented
-# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
-# amended before implementation happened.
-#
-# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
-# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
-# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
-# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan,
-# Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks
-# during the 2004 transition to "winter" time.
-#
-# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no
-# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
-# +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
-# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....
-#
-# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 2005-03-15 No. 231
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
-# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
-# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
-# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
-# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
-# time.
-#
-# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
-# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
-# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
-# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08):
-# Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay
-# oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone.
-# (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations
-# according to wikipedia.)
-#
-# [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/
-# suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on
-# 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand
-# how that could happen....
-#
-# [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree
-# (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html
-# and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in
-# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
-# The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-#
-# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
-# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
-# KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
-Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
- 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
- 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
- 6:00 - +06
-# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
-# This currently includes Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS);
-# see comments below.
-Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
- 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
- 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
- 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
- 6:00 - +06
-# The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one
-# hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29. The 1991/2 rules for
-# Qostanay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
-# reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now.
-#Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
-# 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
-# 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
-# 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
-# 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
-# 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-# 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-# 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
-# 6:00 - +06
-#
-# Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
-Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
- 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
- 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
- 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
- 5:00 - +05
-# Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
-# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
-# so include time stamps before 1963.
-Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
- 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
- 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
- 5:00 - +05
-# Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
-# +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
-Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
- 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
- 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
- 5:00 - +05
-# West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
- 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
- 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
- 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
- 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
- 5:00 - +05
-
-# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
-# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
-# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
-# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
-# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
-# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
-# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
-# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
-# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
-Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
- 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00
- 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12
- 6:00 - +06
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Korea (North and South)
-
-# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
-# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
-# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
-# during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
-# between 1987 and 1988 ...
-
-# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
-# According to the Korean Wikipedia
-# https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
-# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
-# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
-# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
-# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
-# started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
-# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
-Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
-Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
-Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
-Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S
-Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
-# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
-#
-# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
-# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
-# (Announcement No. 338)
-# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
-# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
-#
-# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
-# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
-#
-# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
-# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
-# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
-#
-# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
-# have no information otherwise.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
-# According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
-# the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
-# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
-# Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
-# Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
-# http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
-# There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
-# Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
- 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
- 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
- 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
- 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
- 9:00 ROK K%sT
-Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
- 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
- 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
- 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
- 8:30 - KST
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Kuwait
-# See Asia/Riyadh.
-
-# Laos
-# See Asia/Bangkok.
-
-
-# Lebanon
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
- 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
-
-# Malaysia
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
-Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
-#
-# peninsular Malaysia
-# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
-# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
- 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
- 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
- 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
- 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
- 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
- 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
- 8:00 - +08
-# Sabah & Sarawak
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
-# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
-# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
- 7:30 - +0730 1933
- 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
- 8:00 - +08
-
-# Maldives
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
- 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
- 5:00 - +05
-
-# Mongolia
-
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
-# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
-# (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
-
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
-# General Information Mongolia
-# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
-# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
-# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
-# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
-# eight hours."
-
-# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
-# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
-# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
-# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
-# of implementation may have been different....
-# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
-# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
-# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
-# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
-# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
-# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
-# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
-# is good enough for our purposes.
-
-# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
-# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
-# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
-# there are three time zones.
-#
-# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
-# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
-# Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
-# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
-#
-# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
-
-# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
-# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
-# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
-# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
-# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
-# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
-# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
-# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
-# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
-# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
-# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
-# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
-# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
-# He also found
-# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
-# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
-# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
-# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
-# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
-# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
-# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
-# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
-
-# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
-# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
-# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
-# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
-
-# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
-# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
-# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
-# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
-# database on this, e.g.:
-#
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
-# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
-#
-# both say GMT+08:00.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
-# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
-# schedule here:
-# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
-# (click the English flag for English)
-#
-# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
-# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
-# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
-# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
-# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
-# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
-# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
-# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
-# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
-# this is almost surely wrong.
-
-# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
-# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
-# daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
-# March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
-# September daylight saving time ends. Source:
-# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
-# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
-# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
-# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
-# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
-# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
-# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
-# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
-
-# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09):
-# Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight
-# saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192
-
-Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
-Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
-Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
-Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
- 6:00 - +06 1978
- 7:00 Mongol +07/+08
-# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
-Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
- 7:00 - +07 1978
- 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
-# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
-# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
-Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
- 7:00 - +07 1978
- 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr
- 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31
- 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
-
-# Nepal
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
- 5:30 - +0530 1986
- 5:45 - +0545
-
-# Oman
-# See Asia/Dubai.
-
-# Pakistan
-
-# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
-# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
-# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
-# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
-# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
-# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
-# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
-# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
-# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
-# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
-# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
-# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
-# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
-# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
-# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
-# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
-# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
-# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
-# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
-# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
-#
-# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
-# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
-# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
-# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
-#
-# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
-# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
-
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
-#
-# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
-# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
-#
-# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
-# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
-# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
-#
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
-# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
-# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
-# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
-# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
-# instead of August 31.
-#
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
-# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
-# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
-# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
-# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
-# official working."
-# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
-#
-# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
-# introduce DST from April 15, 2009
-#
-# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
-# April 08, 2009
-# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
-# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
-#
-# ....
-# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
-# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
-# conserve energy"
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
-# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
-# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
-# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
-# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
-# this regard."
-# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
-# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
-# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
-# October 1, 2009.
-#
-# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
-# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
-# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
-# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
-# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
-# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
-# Monday."
-#
-# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
-# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
-# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
-# obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
-#
-# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
-# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
-
-# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
-# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
-# will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
-# Steffen Thorsen wrote:
-# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
-# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
-# >
-# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
-# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
-# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
-# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
-# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
-#
-# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
-# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
-#
-# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
-# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
- 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
- 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
- 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30
- 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26
- 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
-
-# Palestine
-
-# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
-#
-# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
-# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
-# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
-#
-# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
-# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
-# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
-# though.
-#
-# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
-# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
-# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
-# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
-# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
-# East Jerusalem.
-#
-# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
-# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
-# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
-# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
-# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
-#
-# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
-# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
-# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
-# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
-# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
-# Jordanian one).
-#
-# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
-#
-# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
-# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
-# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
-# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
-# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
-#
-# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
-# have one).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
-# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
-# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
-# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
-# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
-# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
-# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
-# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
-# to Palestine's rules.
-
-# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
-# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
-#
-# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
-# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
-# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
-# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
-# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
-# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
-# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
-# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
-# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
-# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
-# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
-# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
-# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
-# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
-# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
-# earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
-# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
-# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
-# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
-# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
-# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
-# the West Bank.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
-# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
-# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
-# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
-# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
-# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
-# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
-# because of the Ramadan.
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
-# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
-# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
-# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
-# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
-# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
-# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
-# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
-# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
-#
-# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
-# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
-#
-# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
-# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
-# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
-# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
-# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
-#
-# (in Arabic)
-# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
-#
-# (English translation)
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
-# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
-# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
-#
-# One news source:
-# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
-# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
-# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
-# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
-# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
-# minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
-#
-# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
-# end date, we will keep this page updated:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
-# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
-#
-# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
-# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
-#
-# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
-# (from Palestinian National Authority):
-# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
-# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
-# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
-# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
-#
-# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
-# (in Arabic)
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
-# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
-# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
-# noon though:
-#
-# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
-# (Ma'an News Agency)
-# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
-# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
-# According to several sources, including
-# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
-# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
-# Gaza and the West Bank.
-# Some more background info:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
-# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
-# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
-# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
-# Ramadan.
-#
-# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
-# Additional info:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
-# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
-# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
-# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
-# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
-# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
-# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
-# ...
-# https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
-# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
-# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
-# 00:00).
-# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
-#
-# Many sources, including:
-# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
-# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
-# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
-# Some of many sources in Arabic:
-# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
-#
-# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
-#
-# Our brief summary:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
-# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
-# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
-# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
-# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
-# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
-# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
-# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
-# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
-# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
-# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
-# official source...:
-# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
-# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
-# and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
-# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
-# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
-
-# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
-# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
-# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
-# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
-# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12):
-# Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
-
-# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):
-# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
-# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
-# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):
-# Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
-# This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring
-# predictions.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):
-# It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
-Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
-
-Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar lastSat 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
- 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
- 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
- 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
- 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
- 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
- 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
- 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
- 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
- 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
- 2:00 - EET 2012
- 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
-
-Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
- 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
- 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
- 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
- 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
- 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
-
-# Paracel Is
-# no information
-
-# Philippines
-# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
-# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
-# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
-# History of the International Date Line
-# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
-# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
-# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
-# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
-# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
-# but no details]
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
-# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
-# March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
-# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
-# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
-# Philippine Star 2014-08-05
-# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
- 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
- 8:00 Phil +08/+09 1942 May
- 9:00 - +09 1944 Nov
- 8:00 Phil +08/+09
-
-# Qatar
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
- 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
- 3:00 - +03
-Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
-
-# Saudi Arabia
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
-# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
-# standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
-# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
-# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
-# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
-# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
-# o'clock for "Arab" time).
-#
-# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
-# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
-# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
-# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
-# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
-# earlier date.
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
-# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
-# the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
- 3:00 - +03
-Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
-Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
-
-# Singapore
-# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
-# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
- 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
- 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
- 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
- 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
- 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
- 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
- 8:00 - +08
-
-# Spratly Is
-# no information
-
-# Sri Lanka
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
-# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
-# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
-# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
-# Shanks and Pottenger.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
-# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
-# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
-# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
-# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
-# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
-#
-# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
-# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
-# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26):
-# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
-# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
-# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
-# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
-# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
-
-# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
-# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
-# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
-# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
-# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
-# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
-# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
-
-# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
-# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
-# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
-# standard time is SLST.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
-# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
-# zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of
-# it in the International Business Times of India in February and
-# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
-# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
-# other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
-# even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
-# switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
- 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
- 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5
- 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep
- 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00
- 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00
- 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30
- 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30
- 5:30 - +0530
-
-# Syria
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
-# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
-# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
-# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
-# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
-# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
-# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
-Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
-# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
-# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
-Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
-# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
-# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
-Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
-# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
-# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
-# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
-# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
-# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
-# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
-# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
-# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
-#
-# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
-# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
-#
-# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
-# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
-#
-# which using Google's translate tools says:
-# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
-# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
-# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
-Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
-
-# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
-# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
-# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
-# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
-# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
-# Variation
-# Syrian Arab
-# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
-# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
-# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
-# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
-# Agency (SANA)...
-# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
-# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
-# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
-# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
-# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
-# shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
-# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
-# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
-# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
-# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
-# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
-# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
-#
-# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
-# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
-# clocks back 60 minutes).
-#
-# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
-# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
-# two examples:
-#
-# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
-# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
-# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
-# (Arabic, gov-site)
-#
-# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
-#
-# Our summary
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
-# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
-# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
-# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
-# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
-# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
-# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
-# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
-# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
-# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
-# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
-# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
-# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
-# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
-#
-# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
-# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
-#
-# Our brief summary:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
-# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
-
-Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
- 2:00 Syria EE%sT
-
-# Tajikistan
-# From Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
- 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
- 5:00 - +05
-
-# Thailand
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
- 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
- 7:00 - +07
-Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
-Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
-
-# Turkmenistan
-# From Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
- 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00
- 5:00 - +05
-
-# United Arab Emirates
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
- 4:00 - +04
-Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
-
-# Uzbekistan
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
- 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
- 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
- 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
- 5:00 - +05
-# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
-Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
- 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
- 5:00 - +05
-
-# Vietnam
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
-# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
-# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
-# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
-# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
-# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
-# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
-# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
-# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
-# is quoted verbatim in:
-# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
-# is translated by Brian Inglis in:
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
-# and is the basis for the information below.
-#
-# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
-# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris.
-# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
-# the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
-# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
-# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
-# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
-#
-# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
-# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
-# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
-# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
-# To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
-# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
-# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
-# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
-# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
-# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
-#
-# Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
-#
-# Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
-# No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
-#
-# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
-# NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
-#
-# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
-# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
- 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT
- 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
- 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
- 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
- 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1
- 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00
- 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13
- 7:00 - +07
-
-# Yemen
-# See Asia/Riyadh.
+++ /dev/null
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# This file also includes Pacific islands.
-
-# Notes are at the end of this file
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Australia
-
-# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D
-Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S
-Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S
-Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D
-# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
-# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
-# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# Northern Territory
-Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
- 9:30 Aus AC%sT
-# Western Australia
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
- 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul
- 8:00 AW AW%sT
-Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
- 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul
- 8:45 AW +0845/+0945
-
-# Queensland
-#
-# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
-# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
-# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
-# Queensland ceased to.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
-# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
-# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
-# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
-# so use Lindeman.
-#
-# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
-# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday
-# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the
-# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and
-# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone
-# applies to all of the Whitsundays.
-# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
- 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
- 10:00 AQ AE%sT
-Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
- 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
- 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul
- 10:00 Holiday AE%sT
-
-# South Australia
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
- 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
- 9:30 AS AC%sT
-
-# Tasmania
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
-# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
-# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
- 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
- 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
- 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
- 10:00 AT AE%sT
-Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
- 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
- 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
- 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul
- 10:00 AT AE%sT
-
-# Victoria
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
- 10:00 AV AE%sT
-
-# New South Wales
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
- 10:00 AN AE%sT
-Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23
- 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
- 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
- 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000
- 9:30 AS AC%sT
-
-# Lord Howe Island
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
-Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
-Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
-Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D
-Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
-Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
-Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
-Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
-Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
-Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
-Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D
-Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar
- 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul
- 10:30 LH +1030/+11
-
-# Australian miscellany
-#
-# Ashmore Is, Cartier
-# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
-# no times are set
-#
-# Coral Sea Is
-# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
-# no times are set
-#
-# Macquarie
-# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
-# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
-# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
-# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
-# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
-# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
-# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
-# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
-# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
-# on 4 April.
-#
-# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
-# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
-# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
-# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
-# pre-2013 versions of localtime.
-Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov
- 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
- 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
- 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
- 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25
- 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
- 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
- 11:00 - +11
-
-# Christmas
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 7:00 - +07
-
-# Cocos (Keeling) Is
-# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
-# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
- 6:30 - +0630
-
-
-# Fiji
-
-# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
-# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
-# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
-#
-# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
-# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
-# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
-# amendments:
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
-# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
-# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
-# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
-# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
-#
-# Official source:
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
-#
-# A bit more background info here:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
-# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
-# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
-# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
-# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
-# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
-# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
-#
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
-# which says
-# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
-# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
-# 2am on February 26 next year.
-
-# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
-# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
-# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
-#
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
-# states:
-#
-# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
-# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
-# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
-# on the 23rd of October, 2011.
-
-# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
-# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
-# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
-# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
-
-# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
-# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
-# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
-# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx
-
-# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20):
-# DST will start Nov. 2 this year.
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx
-
-# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77
-# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28),
-# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02):
-# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time
-# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at
-# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016.
-
-# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04):
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx
-# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when
-# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will
-# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017."
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21):
-# Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing
-# Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27),
-# [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate.
-# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 03:00
-# the first Sunday on or after January 14. Although ad hoc, it matches
-# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future
-# practice than guessing no DST.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
-Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
-Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
-Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
-Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
-Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=14 3:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
- 12:00 Fiji +12/+13
-
-# French Polynesia
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
- -9:00 - -09
-Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
- -9:30 - -0930
-Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
- -10:00 - -10
-# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
-# it is uninhabited.
-
-# Guam
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
- 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
- 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
- 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
-Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
-
-# Kiribati
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
- 12:00 - +12
-Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
- -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct
- -11:00 - -11 1995
- 13:00 - +13
-Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
- -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct
- -10:00 - -10 1995
- 14:00 - +14
-
-# N Mariana Is
-# See Pacific/Guam.
-
-# Marshall Is
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
- 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
- 12:00 - +12
-Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
- 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
- -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20
- 12:00 - +12
-
-# Micronesia
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
- 10:00 - +10
-Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
- 11:00 - +11
-Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
- 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
- 12:00 - +12 1999
- 11:00 - +11
-
-# Nauru
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
- 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15
- 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15
- 11:30 - +1130 1979 May
- 12:00 - +12
-
-# New Caledonia
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
-Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
-# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
-Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
- 11:00 NC +11/+12
-
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# New Zealand
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
-Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
-Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
-Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
-Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
-Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
-# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
-# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
-# so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
-Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
-Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
-Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
-Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
-Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
-Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
-Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
-Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
-Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
-Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
-Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
-Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
- 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
- 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
-Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
- 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1
- 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345
-
-Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
-
-# Auckland Is
-# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
-# and scientific personnel have wintered
-
-# Campbell I
-# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
-# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
-# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
-# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
-
-# Cook Is
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
-Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
- -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12
- -10:00 Cook -10/-0930
-
-###############################################################################
-
-
-# Niue
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
- -11:20 - -1120 1951
- -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1
- -11:00 - -11
-
-# Norfolk
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
- 11:12 - +1112 1951
- 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00
- 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00
- 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00
- 11:00 - +11
-
-# Palau (Belau)
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
- 9:00 - +09
-
-# Papua New Guinea
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
- 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
- 10:00 - +10
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
-# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
-# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
-#
-# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
-# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
-# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
-# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
-# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
-# https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
-# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
-#
-# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11
-# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time".
-# See:
-# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
-#
-Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880
- 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895
- 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21
- 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00
- 11:00 - +11
-
-# Pitcairn
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
- -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00
- -8:00 - -08
-
-# American Samoa
-Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5
- -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
- -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
-Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands
-
-# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
-# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
-# the following info:
-#
-# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
-# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
-# Sunday of April 2011."
-#
-# Background info:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
-#
-# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
-# contain any dates:
-# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
-
-# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
-# Please see
-# http://www.mcil.gov.ws
-# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
-# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
-# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
-# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
-
-# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
-# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
-#
-# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
-# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
-# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
-# (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
-
-# From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
-# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
-#
-# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
-# The International Date Line Act 2011
-# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
-# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
-# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted
-# accordingly.
-
-# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
-# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
-#
-# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
-#
-# DST
-# Year End Time Start Time
-# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
-# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
-#
-# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
-# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
-# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
-#
-# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
-# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
-# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
-# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
-# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
-# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D
-Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S
-Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D
-Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S
-Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5
- -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
- -11:30 - -1130 1950
- -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00
- 13:00 WS +13/+14
-
-# Solomon Is
-# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
- 11:00 - +11
-
-# Tokelau
-#
-# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
-# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
-# December 31 this year ...
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
-# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
-# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
-# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
-# actually was to UTC-11 back then.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
-# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
-# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
-# <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau
-# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
-# are off by an hour starting in 1901.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
- -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30
- 13:00 - +13
-
-# Tonga
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
-Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
- 12:20 - +1220 1941
- 13:00 - +13 1999
- 13:00 Tonga +13/+14
-
-# Tuvalu
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
- 12:00 - +12
-
-
-# US minor outlying islands
-
-# Howland, Baker
-# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
-# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
-# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
-# uninhabited thereafter.
-# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937;
-# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
-# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
-# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
-# until they were abandoned after the war.
-
-# Jarvis
-# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
-# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
-# uninhabited thereafter.
-# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
-
-# Johnston
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
-# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
-# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
-# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited,
-# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file.
-#
-# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
-# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
-# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
-# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and
-# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
-#
-# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
-# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
-# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
-# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the
-# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
-# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
-# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
-# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
-# https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
-# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
-# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
-# Minus One Hour".
-
-# Kingman
-# uninhabited
-
-# Midway
-# See Pacific/Pago_Pago.
-
-# Palmyra
-# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
-
-# Wake
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
- 12:00 - +12
-
-
-# Vanuatu
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
-Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
-Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
- 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12
-
-# Wallis and Futuna
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
- 12:00 - +12
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# NOTES
-
-# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
-# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
-# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
-#
-# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
-# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
-# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
-#
-# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
-# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
-# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
-# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
-# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
-#
-# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
-# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
-# I found in the UCLA library.
-#
-# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
-# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
-#
-# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
-#
-# The following abbreviations are from other sources.
-# Corrections are welcome!
-# std dst
-# LMT Local Mean Time
-# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
-# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
-# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
-# 10:00 GST Guam through 2000
-# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
-# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
-# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
-# -11:00 SST Samoa
-# -10:00 HST Hawaii
-#
-# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
-# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Australia
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
-# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
-# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
-# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
-# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
-# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
-# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
-# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
-# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
-# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
-# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
-# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
-# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
-# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
-# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
-# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
-# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving
-# covers New South Wales in particular.
-
-# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
-# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
-# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
-# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
-# abbreviation does _not_ change...
-# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
-# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
-# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
-# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
-# time'.
-# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
-# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
-# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
-# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
-# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
-# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
-# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
-#
-# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
-# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
-# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
-# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
-# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
-# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
-# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
-# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web
-# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
-# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
-# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
-# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
-#
-# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
-# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
-# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
-# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
-# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
-# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
-# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
-# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
-# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
-# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
-#
-# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
-# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
-#
-# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
-# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages
-# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
-# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
-#
-# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
-# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au
-#
-# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
-# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
-# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
-# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers
-# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
-# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
-# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
-#
-# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
-# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/>
-# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
-# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
-# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
-# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
-# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
-# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not
-# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
-# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
-# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
-# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
-# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
-# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
-#
-# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree:
-#
-# The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
-# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
-# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
-# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
-#
-# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
-# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
-# EST CST WST EDT CDT
-#
-# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
-# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
-# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
-#
-# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
-# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
-# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
-#
-# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
-# https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
-# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
-#
-# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
-# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
-# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
-# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
-# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
-# appear in reports of events with international implications.
-#
-# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
-# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
-# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
-# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
-# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
-# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
-# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current
-# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
-# "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
-# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
-# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
-# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
-# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
-# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
-# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
-
-# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
-#
-# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
-# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
-# relevant entries in this database.
-#
-# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
-# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
-# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html
-# ACT
-# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
-# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html
-# SA
-# Standard Time Act, 1898
-# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html
-
-# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
-# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
-# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
-# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
-# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
-#
-# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
-# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
-# to extend DST together in 2006.
-# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
-# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
-# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
-# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
-# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
-# allude to it.
-# But not Queensland
-# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
-
-# Northern Territory
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
-# # [ Nov 1990 ]
-# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
-# ...
-# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
-
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
-# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
-
-# Western Australia
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
-# # [ Nov 1990 ]
-# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
-# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
-# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
-# # before reaching parliament.
-# ...
-# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
-# ...
-# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
-# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
-
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
-# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
-
-# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
-# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
-# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
-# work at 9.00am.)
-# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
-# everybody again.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
-# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
-# it matches what was used in the past.
-
-# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
-# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
-# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
-# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
-
-# Queensland
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
-# # [ Dec 1990 ]
-# ...
-# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
-# ...
-# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
-# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
-
-# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
-# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
-# October 1989).
-
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
-# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
-# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
-
-# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
-# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
-# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
-# me.)
-
-# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
-# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
-# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
-# ...
-# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
-# ...
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
-# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
-
-# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
-# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
-# WA are trialing DST for three years.
-# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
-
-# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
-# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
-# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
-# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
-# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
-# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
-# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
-# Australia and Western Australia....
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
-# This is confirmed by the section entitled
-# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
-# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html
-#
-# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
-# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
-# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
-# coast of the continent.
-#
-# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
-# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
-# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
-# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
-# the largest population centre in this zone....
-#
-# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
-# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
-# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
-# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
-#
-# (2006-12-09):
-# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
-# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
-# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
-# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
-# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
-# introduction of standard time in 1895.
-
-
-# southeast Australia
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
-# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
-# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
-# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
-
-
-# South Australia
-
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
-# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
-# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
-# # [ Nov 1990 ]
-# ...
-# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
-# ...
-# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
-# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
-# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
-
-# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
-# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
-# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
-# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
-
-# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
-# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
-# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
-# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
-# is on...
-
-# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
-# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
-# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
-# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
-
-# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
-# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
-# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
-# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
-
-# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
-# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
-# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
-# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
-# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
-
-# Tasmania
-
-# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
-# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
-# # [ Nov 1990 ]
-
-# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
-# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
-# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
-# (but nothing new about that).
-
-# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
-# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
-# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
-# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
-# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
-# instead of the first Sunday in October.
-
-# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
-# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
-# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
-
-# Victoria
-
-# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
-# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
-# # [ Nov 1990 ]
-
-# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
-# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
-# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
-# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
-# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
-# in Melbourne, Australia.
-#
-# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
-# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
-# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
-# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
-# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
-# expected time.
-#
-# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
-# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
-# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
-# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
-#
-# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
-# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
-# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
-
-# New South Wales
-
-# From Arthur David Olson:
-# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
-# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
-# who notes:
-# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
-# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
-# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
-# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
-# legislation. This is very important to understand.
-# I have researched New South Wales time only...
-
-# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
-# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
-# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore,
-# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).
-# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
-# See the following official NSW source:
-# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
-# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ
-#
-# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
-# daylight saving next year. See:
-# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
-# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm
-# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
-#
-# Victoria will follow NSW. See:
-# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
-# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm
-#
-# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
-# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
-# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm
-#
-# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
-# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
-# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm
-# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
-# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
-# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
-# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
-# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
-# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
-#
-# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
-# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
-# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm
-
-# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
-# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
-# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
-
-# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
-# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
-# towns to use Queensland time.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
-# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
-
-# Yancowinna
-
-# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
-# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
-# # [ Dec 1990 ]
-# ...
-# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
-# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
-# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
-# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
-# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
-# # presently available.
-# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
-# ...
-# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
-# [followed by other Rules]
-
-# Lord Howe Island
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
-# [ Dec 1990 ]
-# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
-# hour ahead of NSW time.
-
-# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
-# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
-# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
-# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
-# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
-# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
-# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
-# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
-# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
-# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
-
-# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
-# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
-# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
-# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
-# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
-# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
-# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
-# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
-# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
-# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
-# summer (southern hemisphere).
-#
-# From
-# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
-# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
-# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
-# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
-# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
-# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
-# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
-# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
-#
-# We have a wrap-up here:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
-###############################################################################
-
-# New Zealand
-
-# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
-# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
-# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
-# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
-# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
-# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
-# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
-# # [ Nov 1990 ]
-# ...
-# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
-# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
-# ...
-# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
-# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
-# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
-# rather than the October 1 value.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
-# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
-# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
-# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
-# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
-# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
-# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
-# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
-#
-# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
-# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
-# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
-
-# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
-# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
-# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
-# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
-# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
-# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
-# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
-# https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
-# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
-# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
-# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
-# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
-# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
-# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
-# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
-# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
-
-###############################################################################
-
-
-# Fiji
-
-# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
-# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
-# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
-
-# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
-# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
-# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
-# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
-# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
-
-# From the BBC World Service in
-# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
-# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
-# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
-# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
-# of the new millennium.
-
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
-# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
-
-
-# Kiribati
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
-# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
-# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
-# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
-
-
-# Kwajalein
-
-# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
-# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
-# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
-# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
-# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
-
-
-# N Mariana Is, Guam
-
-# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
-# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
-# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
-# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
-# see Asia/Manila.
-
-# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
-# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
-# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
-# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
-
-
-# Micronesia
-
-# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
-# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
-# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
-# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
-# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
-# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
-# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
-# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
-# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
-
-
-# Midway
-
-# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
-# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
-# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
-# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
-# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
-# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
-# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
-# air at 6am your time.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
-# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
-# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
-# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
-
-# Norfolk
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
-# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
-# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
-# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
-# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
-# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
-# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
-# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
-# other than in 1974/5. See:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
-
-# Pitcairn
-
-# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
-# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
-# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
-#
-# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
-# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
-# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
-#
-# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
-# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
-# somehow in light of this proclamation.
-
-# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
-# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
-# ... at midnight.
-
-# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
-# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
-# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
-# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
-
-
-# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
-
-# Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean
-# time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change
-# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
-# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
-# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
-# This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20.
-# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm
-
-# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30
-# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11
-# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
-# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
-# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950,
-# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
-# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
-# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
-
-
-# Tonga
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
-# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
-# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
-# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
-
-# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
-# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
-# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
-#
-# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
-# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
-# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
-# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
-# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
-# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
-#
-# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
-# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
-# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
-#
-# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
-# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
-# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
-# minutes we have lost?"
-#
-# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
-# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
-# to say your prayers in the morning."
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
-
-# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
-# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
-# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
-# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
-# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
-# Government.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
-# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
-#
-# I was given this link by John Letts:
-# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
-#
-# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
-# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
-# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
-# (12 + 1 hour DST).
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
-# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>:
-# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
-# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
-# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
-# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
-# set back an hour on the closing date."
-# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
-
-# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
-# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
-# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
-# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
-# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
-# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
-# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
-# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
-# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>)
-
-# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
-# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
-
-# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
-# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
-# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
-# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
-# hour to 1:00am.
-
-# From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05):
-# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
-
-# From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27):
-# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017
-# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen
-# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set.
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26):
-# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00
-# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now.
-
-# From David Wade (2017-10-18):
-# In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister
-# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few
-# decisions will be made until elections 16th November.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
-# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing.
-
-
-# Wake
-
-# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
-# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
-#
-# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
-# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
-# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
-# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
-# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
-# impossible.
-#
-# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
-# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# The International Date Line
-
-# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
-#
-# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
-# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
-# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
-# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
-#
-# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
-# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
-# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
-# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
-# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
-# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
-# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
-# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
-# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
-# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
-# correct date is ambiguous.
-
-# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
-# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
-# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
-# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
-# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
-# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
-# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
-# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
-# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
-# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
-# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were
-# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
-# independent merchant ships until World War II.
-
-# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
-# (2005-03-20):
-#
-# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
-# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187
-# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
-# international waters; it ignores the international date line.
+++ /dev/null
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# This file provides links between current names for time zones
-# and their old names. Many names changed in late 1993.
-
-# Link TARGET LINK-NAME
-Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmera
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Timbuktu
-Link America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia
-Link America/Adak America/Atka
-Link America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires America/Buenos_Aires
-Link America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Catamarca
-Link America/Atikokan America/Coral_Harbour
-Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Cordoba
-Link America/Tijuana America/Ensenada
-Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Fort_Wayne
-Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Indianapolis
-Link America/Argentina/Jujuy America/Jujuy
-Link America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN
-Link America/Kentucky/Louisville America/Louisville
-Link America/Argentina/Mendoza America/Mendoza
-Link America/Toronto America/Montreal
-Link America/Rio_Branco America/Porto_Acre
-Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Rosario
-Link America/Tijuana America/Santa_Isabel
-Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Virgin
-Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/South_Pole
-Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad
-Link Asia/Kolkata Asia/Calcutta
-Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chongqing
-Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chungking
-Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca
-Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Harbin
-Link Asia/Urumqi Asia/Kashgar
-Link Asia/Kathmandu Asia/Katmandu
-Link Asia/Macau Asia/Macao
-Link Asia/Yangon Asia/Rangoon
-Link Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Asia/Saigon
-Link Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv
-Link Asia/Thimphu Asia/Thimbu
-Link Asia/Makassar Asia/Ujung_Pandang
-Link Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator
-Link Atlantic/Faroe Atlantic/Faeroe
-Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
-Link Australia/Sydney Australia/ACT
-Link Australia/Sydney Australia/Canberra
-Link Australia/Lord_Howe Australia/LHI
-Link Australia/Sydney Australia/NSW
-Link Australia/Darwin Australia/North
-Link Australia/Brisbane Australia/Queensland
-Link Australia/Adelaide Australia/South
-Link Australia/Hobart Australia/Tasmania
-Link Australia/Melbourne Australia/Victoria
-Link Australia/Perth Australia/West
-Link Australia/Broken_Hill Australia/Yancowinna
-Link America/Rio_Branco Brazil/Acre
-Link America/Noronha Brazil/DeNoronha
-Link America/Sao_Paulo Brazil/East
-Link America/Manaus Brazil/West
-Link America/Halifax Canada/Atlantic
-Link America/Winnipeg Canada/Central
-# This line is commented out, as the name exceeded the 14-character limit
-# and was an unused misnomer.
-#Link America/Regina Canada/East-Saskatchewan
-Link America/Toronto Canada/Eastern
-Link America/Edmonton Canada/Mountain
-Link America/St_Johns Canada/Newfoundland
-Link America/Vancouver Canada/Pacific
-Link America/Regina Canada/Saskatchewan
-Link America/Whitehorse Canada/Yukon
-Link America/Santiago Chile/Continental
-Link Pacific/Easter Chile/EasterIsland
-Link America/Havana Cuba
-Link Africa/Cairo Egypt
-Link Europe/Dublin Eire
-Link Europe/London Europe/Belfast
-Link Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol
-Link Europe/London GB
-Link Europe/London GB-Eire
-Link Etc/GMT GMT+0
-Link Etc/GMT GMT-0
-Link Etc/GMT GMT0
-Link Etc/GMT Greenwich
-Link Asia/Hong_Kong Hongkong
-Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland
-Link Asia/Tehran Iran
-Link Asia/Jerusalem Israel
-Link America/Jamaica Jamaica
-Link Asia/Tokyo Japan
-Link Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein
-Link Africa/Tripoli Libya
-Link America/Tijuana Mexico/BajaNorte
-Link America/Mazatlan Mexico/BajaSur
-Link America/Mexico_City Mexico/General
-Link Pacific/Auckland NZ
-Link Pacific/Chatham NZ-CHAT
-Link America/Denver Navajo
-Link Asia/Shanghai PRC
-Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
-Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape
-Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Samoa
-Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk
-Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap
-Link Europe/Warsaw Poland
-Link Europe/Lisbon Portugal
-Link Asia/Taipei ROC
-Link Asia/Seoul ROK
-Link Asia/Singapore Singapore
-Link Europe/Istanbul Turkey
-Link Etc/UCT UCT
-Link America/Anchorage US/Alaska
-Link America/Adak US/Aleutian
-Link America/Phoenix US/Arizona
-Link America/Chicago US/Central
-Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis US/East-Indiana
-Link America/New_York US/Eastern
-Link Pacific/Honolulu US/Hawaii
-Link America/Indiana/Knox US/Indiana-Starke
-Link America/Detroit US/Michigan
-Link America/Denver US/Mountain
-Link America/Los_Angeles US/Pacific
-Link Pacific/Pago_Pago US/Samoa
-Link Etc/UTC UTC
-Link Etc/UTC Universal
-Link Europe/Moscow W-SU
-Link Etc/UTC Zulu
+++ /dev/null
-# Zones that go back beyond the scope of the tz database
-
-# This file is in the public domain.
-
-# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know
-# better, go ahead and edit it (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
-# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
-
-# This file contains data outside the normal scope of the tz database,
-# in that its zones do not differ from normal tz zones after 1970.
-# Links in this file point to zones in this file, superseding links in
-# the file 'backward'.
-
-# Although zones in this file may be of some use for analyzing
-# pre-1970 time stamps, they are less reliable, cover only a tiny
-# sliver of the pre-1970 era, and cannot feasibly be improved to cover
-# most of the era. Because the zones are out of normal scope for the
-# database, less effort is put into maintaining this file. Many of
-# the zones were formerly in other source files, but were removed or
-# replaced by links as their data entries were questionable and/or they
-# differed from other zones only in pre-1970 time stamps.
-
-# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
-# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
-# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
-
-# This file is not intended to be compiled standalone, as it
-# assumes rules from other files. In the tz distribution, use
-# 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone zones' to compile and install this file.
-
-# Zones are sorted by zone name. Each zone is preceded by the
-# name of the country that the zone is in, along with any other
-# commentary and rules associated with the entry.
-#
-# As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are:
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-
-# Ethiopia
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
-# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
-# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
-# 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
-# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
-# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50
-# was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
-# anyway.
-Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
- 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
- 3:00 - EAT
-
-# Eritrea
-Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
- 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
- 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
- 3:00 - EAT
-Link Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera
-
-# Mali (southern)
-Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
- -1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20
- 0:00 - GMT
-
-# Central African Republic
-Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
- 1:00 - WAT
-
-# Gambia
-Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912
- -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
- -1:00 - -01 1964
- 0:00 - GMT
-
-# Malawi
-Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - CAT
-
-# Republic of the Congo
-Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912
- 1:00 - WAT
-
-# Burundi
-Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890
- 2:00 - CAT
-
-# Guinea
-Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
- -1:00 - -01 1960
- 0:00 - GMT
-
-# Senegal
-Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912
- -1:00 - -01 1941 Jun
- 0:00 - GMT
-
-# Tanzania
-Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
- 3:00 - EAT 1948
- 2:45 - +0245 1961
- 3:00 - EAT
-
-# Djibouti
-Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
- 3:00 - EAT
-
-# Cameroon
-# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
- 1:00 - WAT
-# Sierra Leone
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
-# The following table is from Shanks & Pottenger, but it can't be right.
-# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on.
-# The International Hydrographic Bulletin, 1932-33, p 63 says that
-# Sierra Leone would advance its clocks by 20 minutes on 1933-10-01.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 -0020
-Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -01
-Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 +01
-Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT
-Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882
- -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
- -1:00 SL %s 1957
- 0:00 SL GMT/+01
-
-# Botswana
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
-# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
-# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
-Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
- 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
- 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
- 2:00 - CAT
-
-# Zimbabwe
-Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - CAT
-
-# South Sudan
-Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:24 - LMT 1931
- 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
- 3:00 - EAT
-
-# Uganda
-Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul
- 3:00 - EAT 1930
- 2:30 - +0230 1948
- 2:45 - +0245 1957
- 3:00 - EAT
-
-# Rwanda
-Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
- 2:00 - CAT
-
-# Democratic Republic of the Congo (west)
-Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
- 1:00 - WAT
-
-# Gabon
-Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912
- 1:00 - WAT
-
-# Togo
-Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893
- 0:00 - GMT
-
-# Angola
-#
-# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
-# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
-# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
-# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
-#
-Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892
- 0:52:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Luanda Mean Time?
- 1:00 - WAT
-
-# Democratic Republic of the Congo (east)
-Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
- 2:00 - CAT
-
-# Zambia
-Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - CAT
-
-# Equatorial Guinea
-#
-# Although Shanks says that Malabo switched from UT +00 to +01 on 1963-12-15,
-# a Google Books search says that London Calling, Issues 432-465 (1948), p 19,
-# says that Spanish Guinea was at +01 back then. The Shanks data entries
-# are most likely wrong, but we have nothing better; use them here for now.
-#
-Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15
- 1:00 - WAT
-
-# Lesotho
-Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
- 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
- 2:00 - SAST
-
-# Swaziland
-Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - SAST
-
-# Somalia
-Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
- 3:00 - EAT 1931
- 2:30 - +0230 1957
- 3:00 - EAT
-
-# Niger
-Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
- -1:00 - -01 1934 Feb 26
- 0:00 - GMT 1960
- 1:00 - WAT
-
-# Mauritania
-Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
- -1:00 - -01 1960 Nov 28
- 0:00 - GMT
-
-# Burkina Faso
-Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - GMT
-
-# Benin
-# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
- 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
- 1:00 - WAT
-
-# São Tomé and Príncipe
-Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
- -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
- 0:00 - GMT
-
-# Mali (northern)
-Zone Africa/Timbuktu -0:12:04 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - GMT
-
-# Anguilla
-Zone America/Anguilla -4:12:16 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# Antigua and Barbuda
-Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
- -5:00 - EST 1951
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# Chubut, Argentina
-# The name "Comodoro Rivadavia" exceeds the 14-byte POSIX limit.
-Zone America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -4:30:00 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
- -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 3
- -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 20
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
- -3:00 - -03 2004 Jun 1
- -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 20
- -3:00 - -03
-
-# Aruba
-Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
- -4:30 - -0430 1965
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# Cayman Is
-Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown
- -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
- -5:00 - EST
-
-# Canada
-Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 - LMT 1884
- -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1946
- -5:00 - EST
-
-# Dominica
-Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# Baja California
-# See 'northamerica' for why this entry is here rather than there.
-Zone America/Ensenada -7:46:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:13:32
- -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
- -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16
- -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr
- -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
- -8:00 - PST 1996
- -8:00 Mexico P%sT
-
-# Grenada
-Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# Guadeloupe
-Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe-à-Pitre
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# Canada
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
-# Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto; see
-# America/Toronto. However, earlier versions of the tz database
-# mistakenly relied on data from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec
-# differed from Ontario after 1970, and the following rules and zone
-# were created for most of Quebec from the incorrect Shanks &
-# Pottenger data. The post-1970 entries have been corrected, but the
-# pre-1970 entries are unchecked and probably have errors.
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S
-Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D
-Rule Mont 1919 only - Oct 25 2:30 0 S
-Rule Mont 1920 only - May 2 2:30 1:00 D
-Rule Mont 1920 1922 - Oct Sun>=1 2:30 0 S
-Rule Mont 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mont 1922 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mont 1924 only - May 17 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mont 1924 1926 - Sep lastSun 2:30 0 S
-Rule Mont 1925 1926 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Apr lastSat 24:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Sep lastSat 24:00 0 S
-Rule Mont 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mont 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
-Rule Mont 1946 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mont 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Mont 1949 1950 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Mont 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Mont 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
- -5:00 Mont E%sT 1918
- -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
- -5:00 Mont E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
- -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
- -5:00 Mont E%sT 1974
- -5:00 Canada E%sT
-
-# Montserrat
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
-# world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now.
-Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# Argentina
-# This entry was intended for the following areas, but has been superseded by
-# more detailed zones.
-# Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
-# Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH)
-Zone America/Rosario -4:02:40 - LMT 1894 Nov
- -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
- -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Jul
- -3:00 - -03 1999 Oct 3 0:00
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 0:00
- -3:00 - -03
-
-# St Kitts-Nevis
-Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Basseterre
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# St Lucia
-Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries
- -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# Virgin Is
-Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# St Vincent and the Grenadines
-Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown
- -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# British Virgin Is
-Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
-Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - -00 1956
- 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
-Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
-
-# Yemen
-# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
-# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
-Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950
- 3:00 - +03
-
-# Bahrain
-Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Manamah
- 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
- 3:00 - +03
-
-# India
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
-# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 305 says that Madras
-# civil time was 5:20:57.3.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-21):
-# In tomorrow's The Hindu, Nitya Menon reports that India had two civil time
-# zones starting in 1884, one in Bombay and one in Calcutta, and that railways
-# used a third time zone based on Madras time (80 deg. 18'30" E). Also,
-# in 1881 Bombay briefly switched to Madras time, but switched back. See:
-# http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-375-when-madras-clocked-the-time/article6339393.ece
-#Zone Asia/Chennai [not enough info to complete]
-
-# China
-# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
-# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
-# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
-# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
-# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
-Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
- 7:00 - +07 1980 May
- 8:00 PRC C%sT
-Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking
-
-# Vietnam
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
-# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for this data.
-# Trần's book says the 1954-55 transition to 07:00 in Hanoi was in
-# October 1954, with exact date and time unspecified.
-Zone Asia/Hanoi 7:03:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
- 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
- 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
- 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
- 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
- 8:00 - +08 1954 Oct
- 7:00 - +07
-
-# China
-# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
-# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
-Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
- 8:30 - +0830 1932 Mar
- 8:00 - CST 1940
- 9:00 - +09 1966 May
- 8:30 - +0830 1980 May
- 8:00 PRC C%sT
-
-# far west China
-Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
- 5:30 - +0530 1940
- 5:00 - +05 1980 May
- 8:00 PRC C%sT
-
-# Kuwait
-Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
- 3:00 - +03
-
-
-# Oman
-# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
-Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920
- 4:00 - +04
-
-# India
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
-# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
-# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
-# Portuguese India switched to UT +05 on 1912-01-01.
-#Zone Asia/Panaji [not enough info to complete]
-
-# Cambodia
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11):
-# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data. Also, guess
-# (1) Cambodia reverted to UT +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did, and
-# (2) they also reverted to +07 on 1953-11-09, the date of independence.
-# These guesses are probably wrong but they're better than guessing no
-# transitions there.
-Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
- 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
- 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
- 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
- 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
- 8:00 - +08 1953 Nov 9
- 7:00 - +07
-
-# Israel
-Zone Asia/Tel_Aviv 2:19:04 - LMT 1880
- 2:21 - JMT 1918
- 2:00 Zion I%sT
-
-# Laos
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11):
-# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data.
-# Trần's book says that Laos reverted to UT +07 on 1955-04-15.
-# Also, guess that Laos reverted to +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did;
-# this is probably wrong but it's better than guessing no transition.
-Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
- 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
- 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
- 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
- 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
- 8:00 - +08 1955 Apr 15
- 7:00 - +07
-
-# Jan Mayen
-# From Whitman:
-Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - -01
-
-# St Helena
-Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
- -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
- 0:00 - GMT
-
-# Northern Ireland
-Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
- -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
- # DMT = Dublin/Dunsink MT
- -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
- # IST = Irish Summer Time
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
- 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
- 0:00 EU GMT/BST
-
-# Guernsey
-# Data from Joseph S. Myers
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html
-# References to be added
-# LMT is for Town Church, St. Peter Port, 49 degrees 27'17"N 2 degrees 32'10"W
-Zone Europe/Guernsey -0:10:09 - LMT 1913 Jun 18
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
- 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
- 0:00 EU GMT/BST
-
-# Isle of Man
-#
-# From Lester Caine (2013-09-04):
-# The Isle of Man legislation is now on-line at
-# <https://www.legislation.gov.im>, starting with the original Statutory
-# Time Act in 1883 and including additional confirmation of some of
-# the dates of the 'Summer Time' orders originating at
-# Westminster. There is a little uncertainty as to the starting date
-# of the first summer time in 1916 which may have been announced a
-# couple of days late. There is still a substantial number of
-# documents to work through, but it is thought that every GB change
-# was also implemented on the island.
-#
-# AT4 of 1883 - The Statutory Time et cetera Act 1883 -
-# LMT Location - 54.1508N -4.4814E - Tynwald Hill ( Manx parliament )
-Zone Europe/Isle_of_Man -0:17:55 - LMT 1883 Mar 30 0:00s
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
- 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
- 0:00 EU GMT/BST
-
-# Jersey
-# Data from Joseph S. Myers
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html
-# References to be added
-# LMT is for Parish Church, St. Helier, 49 degrees 11'0.57"N 2 degrees 6'24.33"W
-Zone Europe/Jersey -0:08:26 - LMT 1898 Jun 11 16:00u
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
- 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
- 0:00 EU GMT/BST
-
-# Slovenia
-Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884
- 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
- 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
- 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Bosnia and Herzegovina
-Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884
- 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
- 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
- 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Macedonia
-Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884
- 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
- 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
- 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Moldova / Transnistria
-Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880
- 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
- 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
- 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
- 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
-
-# Liechtenstein
-Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
- 1:00 - CET 1981
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Croatia
-Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884
- 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
- 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
- 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Madagascar
-Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
- 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
- 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
- 3:00 - EAT
-
-# Comoros
-Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
- 3:00 - EAT
-
-# Mayotte
-Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
- 3:00 - EAT
-
-# US minor outlying islands
-Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
-
-# US minor outlying islands
-#
-# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
-# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
-# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
-# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly
-# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
-# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
-# designations that I've never seen before:....
-# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
-# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
-#
-Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
- -11:00 - -11 1956 Jun 3
- -11:00 1:00 -10 1956 Sep 2
- -11:00 - -11
-
-# N Mariana Is
-Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
- 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
- 9:00 - +09 1969 Oct
- 10:00 - +10 2000 Dec 23
- 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
+++ /dev/null
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# These entries are mostly present for historical reasons, so that
-# people in areas not otherwise covered by the tz files could "zic -l"
-# to a time zone that was right for their area. These days, the
-# tz files cover almost all the inhabited world, and the only practical
-# need now for the entries that are not on UTC are for ships at sea
-# that cannot use POSIX TZ settings.
-
-# Starting with POSIX 1003.1-2001, the entries below are all
-# unnecessary as settings for the TZ environment variable. E.g.,
-# instead of TZ='Etc/GMT+4' one can use the POSIX setting TZ='<-04>+4'.
-#
-# Do not use a POSIX TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours
-# behind GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT".
-
-Zone Etc/GMT 0 - GMT
-Zone Etc/UTC 0 - UTC
-Zone Etc/UCT 0 - UCT
-
-# The following link uses older naming conventions,
-# but it belongs here, not in the file 'backward',
-# as functions like gmtime load the "GMT" file to handle leap seconds properly.
-# We want this to work even on installations that omit the other older names.
-Link Etc/GMT GMT
-
-Link Etc/UTC Etc/Universal
-Link Etc/UTC Etc/Zulu
-
-Link Etc/GMT Etc/Greenwich
-Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT-0
-Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT+0
-Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT0
-
-# Be consistent with POSIX TZ settings in the Zone names,
-# even though this is the opposite of what many people expect.
-# POSIX has positive signs west of Greenwich, but many people expect
-# positive signs east of Greenwich. For example, TZ='Etc/GMT+4' uses
-# the abbreviation "-04" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UT
-# (i.e. west of Greenwich) even though many people would expect it to
-# mean 4 hours ahead of UT (i.e. east of Greenwich).
-
-# Earlier incarnations of this package were not POSIX-compliant,
-# and had lines such as
-# Zone GMT-12 -12 - GMT-1200
-# We did not want things to change quietly if someone accustomed to the old
-# way does a
-# zic -l GMT-12
-# so we moved the names into the Etc subdirectory.
-# Also, the time zone abbreviations are now compatible with %z.
-
-Zone Etc/GMT-14 14 - +14
-Zone Etc/GMT-13 13 - +13
-Zone Etc/GMT-12 12 - +12
-Zone Etc/GMT-11 11 - +11
-Zone Etc/GMT-10 10 - +10
-Zone Etc/GMT-9 9 - +09
-Zone Etc/GMT-8 8 - +08
-Zone Etc/GMT-7 7 - +07
-Zone Etc/GMT-6 6 - +06
-Zone Etc/GMT-5 5 - +05
-Zone Etc/GMT-4 4 - +04
-Zone Etc/GMT-3 3 - +03
-Zone Etc/GMT-2 2 - +02
-Zone Etc/GMT-1 1 - +01
-Zone Etc/GMT+1 -1 - -01
-Zone Etc/GMT+2 -2 - -02
-Zone Etc/GMT+3 -3 - -03
-Zone Etc/GMT+4 -4 - -04
-Zone Etc/GMT+5 -5 - -05
-Zone Etc/GMT+6 -6 - -06
-Zone Etc/GMT+7 -7 - -07
-Zone Etc/GMT+8 -8 - -08
-Zone Etc/GMT+9 -9 - -09
-Zone Etc/GMT+10 -10 - -10
-Zone Etc/GMT+11 -11 - -11
-Zone Etc/GMT+12 -12 - -12
+++ /dev/null
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
-# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
-# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
-#
-# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
-# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
-# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
-#
-# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
-# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
-# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
-# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
-# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
-#
-# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
-#
-# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
-# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
-#
-# Other sources occasionally used include:
-#
-# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
-# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
-# which I found in the UCLA library.
-#
-# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
-# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
-# [PDF] (1914-03)
-#
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-# <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
-# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
-# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
-# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
-#
-# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
-# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
-# The full Russian citation is:
-# Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
-# введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
-# июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
-# Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
-# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
-#
-# Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
-# History of Summer Time
-# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
-# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
-#
-# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
-# the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time,
-# or are from other sources. Corrections are welcome!
-# std dst 2dst
-# LMT Local Mean Time
-# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
-# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
-# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
-# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
-# 0:19:32.13 AMT* NST* Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)
-# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
-# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
-# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)
-# 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)*
-# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
-# 3:00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow
-
-# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
-# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
-# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
-# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
-# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
-# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
-# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
-# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
-# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
-# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
-# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
-# ...
-# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
-# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
-# ...
-# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
-# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
-# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
-# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
-# in the Directive.
-
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
-
-# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
-#
-# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
-# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
-# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
-# of the text said:
-#
-# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
-# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
-# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
-# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
-# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
-# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
-# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
-#
-# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
-# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should
-# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
-#
-# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
-#
-# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
-# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
-# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
-# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
-# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
-# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
-# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
-# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
-# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
-# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
-# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
-# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
-# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
-# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
-# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
-# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
-# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
-# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
-# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
-# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
-#
-# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
-# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
-# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
-# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
-# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
-# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
-# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
-# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
-# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
-# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
-# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See:
-# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg.
-# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
-# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
-# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
-# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
-#
-# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
-# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
-# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
-# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
-# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
-# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
-# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
-# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
-# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
-# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
-# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
-# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
-# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
-# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
-# which is permanently set to Summer Time.
-
-# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
-# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
-# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
-# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
-# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
-# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
-# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
-# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
-# https://www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-114/a-silent-toast-to-william-willett-by-winston-s-churchill
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
-# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
-# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
-# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
-# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
-# The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see:
-# Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press
-# ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
-# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
-# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
-
-# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
-# From: Jonathan Leffler
-# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
-# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
-# politics making a fortune, not computing.
-
-# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
-# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
-# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
-# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
-# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
-
-# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
-# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
-# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
-# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
-
-# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
-# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
-# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
-# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
-# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
-# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
-# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
-# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
-
-# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
-# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
-# which is to be introduced in May....
-# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
-# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
-# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
-# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
-# so we use 'BDST'.
-
-# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
-# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
-# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
-# and extending this list, which can be found in
-# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
-
-# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
-#
-# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
-# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
-# https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
-# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-#
-# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
-#
-# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
-# are incorrect:
-# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
-# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
-# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
-# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
-# It actually just had one transition.
-# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
-# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
-# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
-# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
-# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
-#
-# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
-# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
-# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
-# conform with Great Britain.
-# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
-#
-# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
-# we'll ignore it for now.
-# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
-#
-#
-# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
-# Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
-# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
-# to London. For example:
-#
-# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
-# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
-
-# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
-# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
-# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed
-# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
-# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
-# Irish Times 2014-10-27.
-# https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
-
-# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
-# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
-# These include various relating to legal time, for example:
-#
-# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
-#
-# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
-# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
-#
-# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
-# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
-# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
-#
-# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
-# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
-# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
-#
-# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
-# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
-#
-# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these
-# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
-# the laws applicable in Ireland.)
-#
-# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
-# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
-# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
-# being GMT+1.)
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
-# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
-# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
-# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
-# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
-# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
-# and Frethun run in CT.
-# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
-# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
-# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
-# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
-# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
-# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
-
-# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
-# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
-# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC.
-# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
-# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
-# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
-# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
-
-# Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's
-# Summer Time Act, 1925 and Summer Time Orders, 1926 and 1947:
-# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print.html
-# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print.html
-# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print.html
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# Summer Time Act, 1916
-Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
-# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
-Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
-# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
-Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
-# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
-Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
-# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
-Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
-# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
-Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
-# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
-Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
-# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
-Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
-# The Summer Time Act, 1922
-Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
-Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-# The Summer Time Act, 1925
-Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
-Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
-Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
-# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
-Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
-# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
-Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
-Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
-# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
-Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
-# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
-Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
-# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
-Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
-Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
-# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
-Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
-Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
-# The Summer Time Act, 1947
-Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
-Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
-# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
-Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
-# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
-Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
-# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
-# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
-# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
-Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
-# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
-Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
-Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
-# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
-# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
-# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
-Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
-# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
-# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
-# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
-Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
-# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
-Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
-# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
-# (no summer time)
-# The Summer Time Act, 1972
-Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
-# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
-# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
-# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
-# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
-Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
-# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
-# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
-# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
-Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
-# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
-# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
-#
-# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
- 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
- 0:00 EU GMT/BST
-Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
-Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
-Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
- -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s # Dublin MT
- -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
- 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00s
- 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00s
- 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00s
- 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00s
- 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00s
- 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
- 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
- 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
- 0:00 EU GMT/IST
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Europe
-
-# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
-# Common Market, etc.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
-Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
-Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
-Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
-Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
-Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
-# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
-# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
-# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
-# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
-
-# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
-Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
-Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
-Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
-Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-
-# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
-# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
-Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
-Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
-Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
-Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
-# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
-#
-# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
-# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
-# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
-# tz database itself, as seen below:
-#
-# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
-# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
-#
-# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
-# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
-#
-# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
-# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
-#
-# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
-# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
-# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
-#
-# The rule line to be changed is:
-#
-# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 -
-#
-# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
-# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no
-# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
-# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms
-# CET and MET:
-#
-# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
-# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
-#
-# It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
-#
-# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
-#
-# A small step for mankind though 8-)
-Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
-Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-
-# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
-Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
-
-
-# Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union
-#
-# The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23).
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
-#
-# Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137
-Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
-#
-# Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001
-Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
-Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
-#
-# Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949
-Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
-#
-Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 0:00u 1:00 MSD
-Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
-#
-# Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840
-Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
-#
-# Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949
-Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 +05
-#
-Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
-Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-# Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
-Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-# Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
-# Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
-Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
-#
-Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
-# Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of
-# Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the
-# Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227.
-#
-# I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have
-# title at https://base.garant.ru/70754136/ :
-# "About change in calculation of time on the territories of
-# Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan,
-# Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts".
-# And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to
-# contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules
-# of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov
-# oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989:
-# a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast:
-# second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1);
-# b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt
-# rules (Moscow time)
-# c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1).
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
-# Unamended version of the act of the
-# Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992
-# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0
-# says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday
-# of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September
-# at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
-# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
-# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
-# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
-#
-# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
-# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
-#
-# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
-# https://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
-# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
-# to be standard.
-
-# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
-Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
-Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
-Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
-
-# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
-# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
-
-# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
-# The official German names ... are
-#
-# Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
-# Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
-#
-# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
-# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
-# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
-#
-# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
-# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
-# Postfach 3345
-# D-38023 Braunschweig
-# phone: +49 531 592-0
-#
-# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
-# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
-# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
-#
-# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
-# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
-
-
-# Albania
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
- 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
- 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Andorra
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
- 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
- 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Austria
-
-# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
-# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
-# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
-# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV,
-# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
- 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
- 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
- 1:00 - CET 1946
- 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Belarus
-#
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02):
-# http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm
-# (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from
-# 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00
-# on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September
-# (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations).
-#
-# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
-# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
-# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
-#
-# Sources (Russian language):
-# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
-# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
-# https://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
-#
-# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
-# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
-# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
- 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
- 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
- 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 3:00 - +03
-
-# Belgium
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
-# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
-# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
-# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
-# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
-# pp 8-9.
-# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
-# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
-# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
-# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
-# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
-# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
-# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
-# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
-# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
-Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
- 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
- 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
- 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
- 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
- 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Bosnia and Herzegovina
-# See Europe/Belgrade.
-
-# Bulgaria
-#
-# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
-# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says:
-# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
-# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
-Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
- 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
- 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
- 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
- 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
- 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00
- 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
- 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
- 2:00 EU EE%sT
-
-# Croatia
-# See Europe/Belgrade.
-
-# Cyprus
-# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
-
-# Czech Republic / Czechia
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
- 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
- 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
-
-# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
-# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
-# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
-# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
-# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
-#
-# The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
-# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
-#
-# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
-# in subsequent decrees with the law
-# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
-#
-# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
-# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
-# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
-# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
-# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
-# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
-# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
-# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
-# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
-# was suspended on that night):
-# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
-# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
-# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
-# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
-# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
-Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
- 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
- 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
- 0:00 - WET 1981
- 0:00 EU WE%sT
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
-# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
-# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
-# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
-# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
-# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
-# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
-# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
-
-# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
-# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
-# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
-#
-# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
-# is according to the following time line:
-#
-# The military zone near Thule UTC-4
-# Standard Greenland time UTC-3
-# Scoresbysund UTC-1
-# Danmarkshavn UTC
-#
-# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
-# introduced.
-
-# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
-#
-# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
-# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have
-# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have
-# info from earlier correspondence.]
-#
-# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
-# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
-# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
-#
-# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
-# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
-# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
-# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
-# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
-# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
-# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
-#
-# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
-# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb).
-#
-# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it
-# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
-# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
-#
-# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
-# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
-# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
-# this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be
-# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
-
-# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
-# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
-# there at 2:00 AM.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
-# the 1995 map as like Godthåb.
-# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996.
-# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
-# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
-# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
-
-# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
-# "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named
-# "National Park" by Executive Order:
-# http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf
-# It is their only National Park.
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
- -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00
- -3:00 EU -03/-02 1996
- 0:00 - GMT
-Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
- -2:00 - -02 1980 Apr 6 2:00
- -2:00 C-Eur -02/-01 1981 Mar 29
- -1:00 EU -01/+00
-Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
- -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00
- -3:00 EU -03/-02
-Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
- -4:00 Thule A%sT
-
-# Estonia
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-#
-# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
-# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
-# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
-# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
-#
-# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
-# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
-# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
-# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
-# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
-# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
-# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
-# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
-# summer time next spring."
-
-# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
-# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
-# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
-# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
-# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
-#
-# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
-# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
-# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
-
-# From The Baltic Times <https://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
-# via Steffen Thorsen:
-# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
-# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
-# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
-# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
-# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
-# after that.
-
-# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
-# Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
-# No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
-# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
-
-# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
-# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
-# Now we are using again EU rules.
-#
-# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
-# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
- 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
- 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
- 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
- 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
- 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
- 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00
- 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
- 2:00 EU EE%sT
-
-# Finland
-
-# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
-# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
-# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
-
-# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
-#
-# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
-# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
-# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
-# according to the central European standards.
-#
-# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
-# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
-# Finnish) at
-# https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
-#
-# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
-# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
-#
-# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
-# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
-#
-# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
-# exist tonight."
-
-# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
-# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
-# https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
-# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
-# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
-# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
-# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
-# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
-# Go with Oja over Shanks.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 -
-Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
-
-# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
-# round to nearest.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31
- 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
- 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983
- 2:00 EU EE%sT
-
-# Åland Is
-Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
-
-
-# France
-
-# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
-#
-# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions
-# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
-#
-# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel,
-# Paris, 1991
-#
-# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie,
-# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987
-
-
-#
-# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
-Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
-Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
-# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
-# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
-# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
-Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
-# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
-# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
-# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez,
-# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La
-# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
-# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
-# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
-# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
-Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
-# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
-# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
-# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
-# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
-Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
-Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
-Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
-Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
-Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
-Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
-Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
-# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
-# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
-Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
-# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
-# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
-# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
- 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
- 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
-# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
- 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
- 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Germany
-
-# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
-# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
-# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
-# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
-
-# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
-# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
-# https://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
-# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
-# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
-# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
-# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
-# this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04.
-
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
-# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Go with the PTB.
-Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
-Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
-Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
-
-Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
-Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
-Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
- 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
- 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
-# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
-# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
-# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
-# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
-# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
-#
-# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
-# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
-# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
-
-Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
-
-# Georgia
-# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
-# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
-# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
-
-# Gibraltar
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
- 1:00 - CET 1982
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Greece
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
-# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
-# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
-Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
-# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
-Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
-Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
-Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
- 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
- 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
- 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
- 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
- # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
- # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
- 2:00 EU EE%sT
-
-# Hungary
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
-# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
-# Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945.
-# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
-# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
-# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
-# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
- 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
- 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Iceland
-#
-# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
-# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
-#
-# (1993-12-05):
-# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
-# Iceland Almanak.
-#
-# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
-# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
-# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
-# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
-#
-# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
-# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
-# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
-# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
-#
-# (1993-12-10):
-# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
-# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
-# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
-# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
-# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
-# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
-# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
-# might mean something else (???).
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22):
-# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
-# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
-Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
-Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 -
-Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 -
-Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S
-# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
-Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
-# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
-Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
-# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
-Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
- -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
- 0:00 - GMT
-
-# Italy
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
-# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
-# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
-# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
-# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
-# so record only the time in Rome.
-#
-# From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24):
-# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10
-# ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into
-# force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in
-# the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...."
-#
-# From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20):
-# The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological
-# institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at
-# http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml
-# (2016-10-24):
-# http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/
-# has still different data for 1944. It divides Italy in two, as
-# there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic
-# Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south
-# of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies.
-#
-# From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23):
-# Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219.
-# Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ...
-# Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is
-# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ...
-# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27):
-# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944
-# for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
-# Model Rome's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
-# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
-# was effectively controlled by Germany.
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1918 only - Oct 6 24:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1919 only - Oct 4 24:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1944 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 1:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1966 only - Sep 24 24:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1967 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
- 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean
- 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4
- 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
-Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
-
-# Latvia
-
-# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
-
-# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
-# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
-# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
-# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
-#
-# Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
-# according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
-# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
-# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
-# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
-#
-# Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
-# according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
-# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
-# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
-# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
-# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
-#
-# Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
-# according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
-# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
-# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
-# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
-# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
-# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
-# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
-# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
-# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
-#
-# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
-# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
-# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
-
-# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
-# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
-# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
-# 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>,
-# in Latvian for subscribers only).
-
-# From RFE/RL Newsline
-# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
-# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
-# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
-# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
-# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
-# clocks one hour in the spring....
-# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few
-# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
-# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
-# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
-# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
-# appears that they will not do so....
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-
-# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34.
-# Go with Byalokoz.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880
- 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT
- 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST
- 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
- 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
- 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11
- 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
- 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
- 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
- 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
- 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
- 2:00 EU EE%sT
-
-# Liechtenstein
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
-
-# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
-# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
-# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
-# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
-# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
-# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on
-# central European time was in force throughout the year.
-# From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
-# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.
-
-Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
-
-
-# Lithuania
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
-# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
-# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
-
-# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
-# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
-# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
-
-# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>,
-# via Steffen Thorsen:
-# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
-# to be valid here starting from October 31,
-# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
-# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
-# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
-# already done by Estonia.
-
-# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
-# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27):
-# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
-
-# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
-# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
-# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
-# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
-# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
-# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
-# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
-
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
- 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
- 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
- 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
- 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
- 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
- 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
- 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
- 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
- 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
- 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
- 2:00 EU EE%sT
-
-# Luxembourg
-# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
- 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
- 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
- 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
- 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
- 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Macedonia
-# See Europe/Belgrade.
-
-# Malta
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21):
-# Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks.
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
-Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
- 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
- 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Moldova
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
-# the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04
-# http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2
-# ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR
-# time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt
-# plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be
-# adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer"
-# time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and
-# reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
-# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
-# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
-# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
-# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
-# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
-# But [two people] separately reported via
-# Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
-# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
-#
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
-# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
-# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
-# to the Winter Time).
-#
-# News (in Russian):
-# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
-# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
-#
-# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
-# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
-# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
-# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
-#
-# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
-#
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
-# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
-# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
-# decision to abolish DST this winter.
-# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
-# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
-# News from Moldova (in russian):
-# https://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
-
-# From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02):
-# http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01):
-# The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that
-# 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also,
-# https://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara
-# says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time.
-# Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
- 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
- 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
- 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2:00
- 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
- 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
-# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
- 2:00 Moldova EE%sT
-
-# Monaco
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
-# more precise 0:09:21.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
- 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
- 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
- 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Montenegro
-# See Europe/Belgrade.
-
-# Netherlands
-
-# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
-# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
-
-# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
-# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
-# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
-# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
-# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
-# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
-# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
-# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
-# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
-#
-# (2001-04-08):
-# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
-# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
-# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
-#
-# (2001-04-09):
-# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
-# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
-# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
-# actually followed.
-#
-# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
-# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
-# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
-# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
-# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
-#
-# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
-# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
-# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
-# Amsterdam mean time.
-
-# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
-# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
-Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
-Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
-Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
-Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
-Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
-# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
-# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
-Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
-#
-# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
-# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
- 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
- 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Norway
-# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
-# Pottenger.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
-Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
- 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
-# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
-# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
-# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
-# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
-# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
-# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and
-# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation
-# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
-# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
-# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
-# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been
-# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
-# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by
-# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
-# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
-# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
-# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
-#
-# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
-# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
-# keeping Berlin time.
-#
-# <https://www.jan-mayen.no/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
-# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
-# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
-# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
-# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
-# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
-# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
-#
-# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
-# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
-# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
-# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
-# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
-# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
-# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html
-# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
-# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
-#
-# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
-# for these regions.
-Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
-
-# Poland
-
-# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
-# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
-# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
-# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
-# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
-# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
-# https://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
-# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
-# He also gives these further references:
-# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
-# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
-Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
- 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
- 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
- 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
- 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977
- 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Portugal
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
-# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
-# https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
-# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
-# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees
-# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for
-# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.
-#
-# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
-# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
-# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
-#
-# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
-# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
-# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
-# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
-# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
-# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
-# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
-# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
-# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
-# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
-# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
-# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
-# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
-# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
-Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
-# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
-# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
-Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
-Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
-Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
-Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
-# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
- -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
- 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
- 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
- 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
- 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
- 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
- 0:00 EU WE%sT
-# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
-Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
- -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time
- -2:00 Port -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
- -2:00 Port +00 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
- -2:00 Port -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
- -2:00 Port +00 1943 Aug 28 22:00s
- -2:00 Port -02/-01 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
- -2:00 Port +00 1944 Aug 26 22:00s
- -2:00 Port -02/-01 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
- -2:00 Port +00 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
- -2:00 Port -02/-01 1966 Apr 3 2:00
- -1:00 Port -01/+00 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
- -1:00 W-Eur -01/+00 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
- 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
- -1:00 EU -01/+00
-# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
-Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
- -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time
- -1:00 Port -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
- -1:00 Port +01 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
- -1:00 Port -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
- -1:00 Port +01 1943 Aug 28 22:00s
- -1:00 Port -01/+00 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
- -1:00 Port +01 1944 Aug 26 22:00s
- -1:00 Port -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
- -1:00 Port +01 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
- -1:00 Port -01/+00 1966 Apr 3 2:00
- 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
- 0:00 EU WE%sT
-
-# Romania
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
-# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
-# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
-# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
-# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
-# the same year as Bulgaria.
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
-Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
- 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
- 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
- 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
- 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
- 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
- 2:00 EU EE%sT
-
-
-# Russia
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
-# Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011
-# (Government document
-# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
-# in Russian)
-# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
-# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
-# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
-
-# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
-# Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
-# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
-# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
-# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
-# changed in September 2011:
-#
-# One source is
-# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
-# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
-# 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
-#
-# Another source is
-# https://rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
-# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
-# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
-# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
-# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
-# does not contain any "effective date" information.
-#
-# Another source is
-# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
-# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011...
-# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
-# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
-#
-# The Wikipedia article refers to
-# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
-# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
-#
-# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
-# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
-# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
-# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
-# Conradi notes).
-#
-# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
-#
-# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
-# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
-# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
-# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
-# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new
-# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
-# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
-# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
-# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
-# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
-#
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
-# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
-# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
-# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
-# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
-# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will look like this:
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
-# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
-# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
-# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
-#
-# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
-# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
-# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
-# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
-# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
-#
-# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
-# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
-# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
-# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
-# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
-#
-# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
-# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
-# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
-# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
-#
-# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
-# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
-# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
-# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
-# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
-# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
-#
-# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
-# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
-# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the
-# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
-# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
-# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
-# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
-# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
-# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
-# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
-# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
-# listing. The region codes listed come from
-# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
-# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
-# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
-# divisions where available.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
-# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
-# http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni
-# confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented.
-# (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that
-# summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But
-# 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.)
-# ...
-# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
-# says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided
-# at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to
-# Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19.
-
-Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
- 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
- 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 3:00 - +03 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 2:00 - EET
-
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and
-# Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Europe/Moscow covers...
-# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
-# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
-# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
-# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
-# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
-# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
-# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
-# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
-# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
-# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
-# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
-# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
-# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
-# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
-# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
-# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
-# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
-# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
-# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
-# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast
-# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast
-# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
-# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
-# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
-# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
-# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
-# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
-# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
-# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
-# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
-# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
-# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
-# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
-# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
-# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
-# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
-# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
-# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
-# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
-# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
-# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
-# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
-# 77 RU-MOW Moscow
-# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
-# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
-# The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919. Decree No. 59
-# (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time
-# zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854
-# specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT.
-# No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date;
-# later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are
-# taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks.
-# (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.)
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
-# 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982.
-# Wikipedia refers to
-# http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html
-# http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm
-#
-# The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn
-# magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to
-# the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the
-# same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses
-# time belt changes map).
-#
-# The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to
-# introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt
-# border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous
-# Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka
-# according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that
-# "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time
-# belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on
-# 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was
-# supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2
-# hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01
-# is also provided.
-#
-# The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems
-# and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not
-# moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan,
-# Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian,
-# Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol
-# krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo,
-# Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and
-# Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky
-# district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous
-# Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end
-# up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow
-# time.
-#
-# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
-# attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers
-# of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds
-# Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky
-# district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. Probably erroneously.
-#
-# The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow,
-# Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk.
-#
-# 12. Udmurtia
-# The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i
-# Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from
-# Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act.
-# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
-# implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01.
-# Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991.
-#
-# ...
-#
-# All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at
-# 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1
-# change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia).
-#
-# There were some exceptions, though.
-# Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd,
-# Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992
-# change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some
-# lists found in the internet are quite wild.)
-#
-# And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment.
-# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
-# says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the
-# 1991-03-31 switch and one person at
-# https://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html
-# says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception
-# 2 days before the switch.
-#
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the
-# chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries
-# should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the
-# time in Moscow.
-
-# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
-# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
-# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
-# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
-# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
-# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
-# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
-# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
-# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
-# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
-# 2:31:19 ...
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
-# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
-# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
-# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
-# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
-
-Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
- 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
- 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
- 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
- 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 3:00 - MSK
-
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
-# Europe/Simferopol covers Crimea.
-
-Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
- 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
- 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
- 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
- 2:00 - EET 1992
-# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
-# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
-# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
-# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
-# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
-# changed in May.
- 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
-# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
- 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s
- 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
-# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
-# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
- 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
-# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
-# https://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
-# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
-# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
-# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
- 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
- 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 3:00 - MSK
-
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# Europe/Astrakhan covers:
-# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
-#
-# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12):
-# On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation
-# Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time)....
-# This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00.
-# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
-
-Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May
- 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
- 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
- 4:00 - +04
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
-# Europe/Volgograd covers:
-# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
-# The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
-
-Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
- 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
- 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11
- 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 3:00 - +03
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
-# Europe/Saratov covers:
-# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
-
-# From Yuri Konotopov (2016-11-11):
-# Dec 4, 2016 02:00 UTC+3.... Saratov Region's local time will be ... UTC+4.
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-11):
-# ... Byalokoz listed Saratov on 03:04:18.
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-22):
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031
-
-Zone Europe/Saratov 3:04:18 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
- 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
- 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 3:00 - +03 2016 Dec 4 2:00s
- 4:00 - +04
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# Europe/Kirov covers:
-# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
-# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-#
-Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
- 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
- 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 3:00 - +03
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Europe/Samara covers...
-# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
-# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
-# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-
-Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
- 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
- 4:00 - +04 1935 Jan 27
- 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 3:00 - +03 1991 Oct 20 3:00
- 4:00 Russia +04/+05 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 4:00 - +04
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# Europe/Ulyanovsk covers:
-# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
-
-# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
-# Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am.
-# Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ...
-# 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading.
-# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051
-
-Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
- 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
- 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
- 4:00 - +04
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
-# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
-# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
-# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
-# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
-# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
-# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
-# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
-# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
-# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
-#
-# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
-# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
-
-# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
-# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
-# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
-# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
-
-Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3
- 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
- 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
- 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 5:00 Russia +05/+06 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 6:00 - +06 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 5:00 - +05
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Asia/Omsk covers...
-# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
-
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
-
-Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
- 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
- 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 6:00 - +06
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
-# Asia/Barnaul covers:
-# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
-# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
-
-# Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
-# Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
-# http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
-# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
-# 1995-05-28.
-#
-# https://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
-# has some historical data for Altai Krai:
-# before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7
-# after 1957: UTC+7
-# since 1995: UTC+6
-# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
-# confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
-# Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones
-# by March 27, 2016 at 2am....
-# Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ...
-# Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7)
-# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038
-
-Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10
- 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
- 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28
- 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
- 7:00 - +07
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# Asia/Novosibirsk covers:
-# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30):
-# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6
-# moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7.
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04):
-# The law was signed yesterday and published today on
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064
-
-Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
- 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
- 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
- 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 6:00 - +06 2016 Jul 24 2:00s
- 7:00 - +07
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# Asia/Tomsk covers:
-# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24):
-# Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51.
-
-# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
-# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow.
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19):
-# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743
-# (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time)
-# / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ...
-# Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their
-# GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally
-# belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced
-# with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a
-# 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014).
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12):
-# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6
-# This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast
-# from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at
-# 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by
-# the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President
-# and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected
-# before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the
-# recent changes).
-#
-# Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws,
-# the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule
-# http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/
-# http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303
-# I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the
-# bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday,
-# approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and
-# published as a law around 2016-04-26.
-
-# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26):
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048
-
-Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22
- 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
- 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00
- 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s
- 7:00 - +07
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
-# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
-# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
-# March 28, 2010:
-# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
-# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
-#
-# This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September
-# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
-# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
-#
-# Russian Government web site (Russian language)
-# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
-# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
-# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
-#
-# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
-# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
-# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
-# realigning itself with KRAT.
-
-Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1
- 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
- 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
- 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 7:00 - +07
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
-# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
-# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
-# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
-#
-# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
-# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
-
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
-
-Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
- 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
- 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 8:00 - +08 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 7:00 - +07
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Asia/Irkutsk covers...
-# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
-# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
-#
-# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
-# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
-
-# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15.
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05.
-# Go with Byalokoz.
-
-Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880
- 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
- 7:00 - +07 1930 Jun 21
- 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 8:00 Russia +08/+09 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 9:00 - +09 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 8:00 - +08
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
-# Asia/Chita covers...
-# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
-#
-# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
-# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02):
-# [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) -
-# Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will
-# be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am....
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107
-
-Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
- 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
- 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 8:00 - +08 2016 Mar 27 2:00
- 9:00 - +09
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# Asia/Yakutsk covers...
-# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
-#
-# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
-# 14-02 **** Aldansky District
-# 14-04 **** Amginsky District
-# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
-# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
-# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
-# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District
-# 14-11 **** Gorny District
-# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District
-# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District
-# 14-14 **** Lensky District
-# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District
-# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District
-# 14-18 **** Namsky District
-# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District
-# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District
-# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District
-# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District
-# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District
-# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District
-# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District
-# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District
-# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District
-# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
-# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
-# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
-
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
-
-Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
- 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
- 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 9:00 - +09
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# Asia/Vladivostok covers...
-# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
-# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
-# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
-#
-# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
-# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District
-# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District
-
-# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5.
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31.
-# Go with Byalokoz.
-
-Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
- 9:00 - +09 1930 Jun 21
- 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 10:00 - +10
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
-# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
-# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
-# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
-# in 2011.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
-# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
-# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
-# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
-
-Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
- 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
- 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2004
- 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 11:00 - +11 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
- 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 9:00 - +09
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Asia/Sakhalin covers...
-# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
-# ...with the exception of:
-# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
-
-# From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22):
-# Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
-# (2016-03-09):
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044
-
-# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
-Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 25
- 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T
- 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
- 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 10:00 - +10 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
- 11:00 - +11
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# Asia/Magadan covers...
-# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
-# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
-# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
-# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
-# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
-# need their own zone.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27):
-# ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
-# will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock
-#
-# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05):
-# ... signed by the President today ...
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038
-
-Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
- 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 10:00 - +10 2016 Apr 24 2:00s
- 11:00 - +11
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
-# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
-# 14-01 **** Abyysky District
-# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
-# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
-# 14-17 **** Momsky District
-# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
-# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District
-#
-# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
-# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
-# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
-# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
-# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
-# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
-# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
-# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
-# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
-# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
-#
-# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
-# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
-# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
-# each! (Yikes!)
-# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
-# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
-# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
-#
-# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
-# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
-# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
-# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of
-# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
-# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
-# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
-# Go with Srednekolymsk.
-
-Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21
- 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 11:00 - +11
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
-# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
-# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
-# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
-# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
-# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
-# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
-# UTC+12 since at least then, too.
-
-Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
- 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
- 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1981 Apr 1
- 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 12:00 - +12 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
- 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
- 10:00 - +10
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Asia/Kamchatka covers...
-# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
-#
-# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
-# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
-
-# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
-# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
-Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
- 11:00 - +11 1930 Jun 21
- 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 12:00 - +12
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Asia/Anadyr covers...
-# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
-
-Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 12:00 - +12 1930 Jun 21
- 13:00 Russia +13/+14 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
- 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 12:00 - +12
-
-
-# San Marino
-# See Europe/Rome.
-
-# Serbia
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
- 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
- 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
- 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
-# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
-# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
-# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
- 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
-Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
-Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
-Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
-Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
-
-# Slovakia
-Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
-
-# Slovenia
-# See Europe/Belgrade.
-
-# Spain
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-14):
-#
-# The source for Europe/Madrid before 2013 is:
-# Planesas P. La hora oficial en España y sus cambios.
-# Anuario del Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid (2013, in Spanish).
-# http://astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficialenespana.pdf
-# As this source says that historical time in the Canaries is obscure,
-# and it does not discuss Ceuta, stick with Shanks for now for that data.
-#
-# In the 1918 and 1919 fallback transitions in Spain, the clock for
-# the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that
-# the repeated instances of that day's 00:00 hour were 24 hours apart,
-# with a fallback transition from the second occurrence of 00:59... to
-# the next day's 00:00. Our data format cannot represent this
-# directly, and instead repeats the first hour of the next day, with a
-# fallback transition from the next day's 00:59... to 00:00.
-
-# From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15):
-# The Royal Decree of 1900-06-26 quoted by Planesas, online at
-# https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf
-# says in its article 5 (my translation):
-# These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the
-# instant at which, according to the time indicated in article 1,
-# the 1st day of January of 1901 will begin.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Spain 1918 1919 - Oct 6 24:00s 0 -
-Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 6 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 24:00s 0 -
-Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
-Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
-# Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until 1939-03-28.
-Rule Spain 1937 only - Jun 16 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Spain 1937 only - Oct 2 24:00s 0 -
-Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 30 23:00 2:00 M
-Rule Spain 1938 only - Oct 2 24:00 1:00 S
-# The following rules are for unified Spain again.
-#
-# Planesas does not say what happened in Madrid between its fall on
-# 1939-03-28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on
-# 1939-04-15. For lack of better info, assume Madrid's clocks did not
-# change during that period.
-#
-# The first rule is commented out, as it is redundant for Republican Spain.
-#Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Spain 1939 only - Oct 7 24:00s 0 -
-Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Spain 1943 1944 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Spain 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
-Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Spain 1949 only - Oct 2 1:00 0 -
-Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=12 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
-Rule Spain 1977 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Spain 1978 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
-# Nationalist Spain during the civil war
-#Rule NatSpain 1937 only - May 22 23:00 1:00 S
-#Rule NatSpain 1937 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
-#Rule NatSpain 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00 1:00 S
-# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
-Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
-Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
-Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:45:16
- 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00
- 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:38:44
- 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
- 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
- 0:00 - WET 1924
- 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
- 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
- 1:00 - CET 1986
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
- -1:00 - -01 1946 Sep 30 1:00
- 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
- 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u
- 0:00 EU WE%sT
-# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
-# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
-
-# Sweden
-
-# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
-#
-# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
-# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
-# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
-# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
-# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
-#
-# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
-# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
-# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
-#
-# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
-# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
-# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
-# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
-# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
-# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
-# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
-# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
-#
-# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
-# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
-# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
-# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
-#
-# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
-# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
-# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
-# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
-# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
-# the Sök-button).
-#
-# (2001-05-13):
-#
-# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
-# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
-# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
-# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
-# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
-# hour before the event took place.
-#
-# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
- 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
- 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
- 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00
- 1:00 - CET 1980
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Switzerland
-# From Howse:
-# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
-# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
-# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
-# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
-# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
-# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
-# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
-
-# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
-# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.
-#
-# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
-# to be wrong. This is now verified.
-#
-# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
-# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
-# federal law collection)...
-#
-# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
-# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
-#
-# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am
-# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am
-#
-# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
-# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law
-# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
-# other years are made.
-#
-# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
-# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
-# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
-# a thing had happened in Switzerland.
-#
-# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de
-# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
-# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
-# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
-#
-# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
-# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
-# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
-#
-# The 1940 rules must be deleted.
-#
-# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
-# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
-# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
-# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
-# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
-# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
-#
-# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
-# The Federal regulations say
-# https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
-# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
-# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
-
-# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
-# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893)
-# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353
-# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
-# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
-# hour before the beginning of service.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
-# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
-#
-# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
-# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
-#
-# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
-# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
-# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
-#
-# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
-# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
-# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
-# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
-# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
-# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
-# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
-# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
-# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
-# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
-# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
- 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
- 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
-
-# Turkey
-
-# From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25):
-# 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with
-# no exceptions.
-# 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ...
-# Here are official papers:
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf - page 2 for 1986
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf - page 4 for 1987
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf - page 15 for 1988
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf - page 6 for 1989
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf - page 1 for 1990 - 1992
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf - page 15 for 1993 - 1995
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf - page 1 for overriding 1994
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf - page 1 for 1996, 1997
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf - page 10 for 1998 - 2000
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25):
-# Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1985.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
-# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
-# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
-# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
-# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
-# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
-# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
-# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
-# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
-
-# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
-# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
-# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
-# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
-# https://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
-# Turkish:
-# https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-bir-gun-ileri-alindi-17230464
-
-# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
-# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
-# Turkish Local election....
-# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
-# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
-# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
-# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
-# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
-# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
-# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
-# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See:
-# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
-# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
-# I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
-
-# From Fatih (2015-09-29):
-# It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy.
-# Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00
-# http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217
-#
-# From BBC News (2015-10-25):
-# Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a
-# government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan
-# Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan.
-# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326
-
-# From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08):
-# Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter....
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07):
-# The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey.
-# It takes effect today, which is not much notice.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
-# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
- 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
- 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
- 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1985 Apr 20
- 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
- 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
- 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
- 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
- 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
- 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u
- 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7
- 3:00 - +03
-Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
-
-# Ukraine
-#
-# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
-# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
-# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government
-# regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
-# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
-# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
-# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
-# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
-# abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
-#
-# Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
-# approval from 266 deputies.
-#
-# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
-# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
-#
-# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
-# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
-#
-# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
-# https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
-#
-# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
-# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
-# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
-# time this year after all.
-#
-# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
-# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone
-# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
-# to Russia) was reverted today:
-# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
-#
-# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
-# The law documents themselves are at
-# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
-
-# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
-# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST:
-# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST
-# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
-# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134.
-# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html
-#
-# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law,
-# "summer time" was still in action):
-# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
-# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
-# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html
-#
-# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action):
-# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
-#
-# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended):
-# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST
-# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
-# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
-# This is an answer.
-#
-# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure:
-# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started
-# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended
-# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
-# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
-# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
-# "Kiev" is more common in English.
-Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
- 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
- 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
- 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
- 2:00 EU EE%sT
-# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
-# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
-# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
-Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
- 1:00 - CET 1940
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
- 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
- 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
- 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
- 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
- 2:00 - EET 1992
- 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
- 2:00 EU EE%sT
-# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
-# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
-# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
-# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
-# portable Posix file names.
-Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
- 2:20 - +0220 1924 May 2
- 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
- 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
- 2:00 EU EE%sT
-
-# Vatican City
-# See Europe/Rome.
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
-# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
-# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
-#
-# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
-# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
-# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
-# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
-# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
-# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
-
-# ...
-# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
-# From: Tom Hofmann
-# ...
-#
-# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
-# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only
-# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
-# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
-# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
-# years...
-# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
-# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
-# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
-# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
-#
-# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
-# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
-#
-# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
-# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
-# ...
-
-# ...
-# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
-# From: Dik T. Winter
-# ...
-#
-# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
-# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
-# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
-#
-# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
-# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
-# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
-# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
-# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
-# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
-# dates...
-#
-# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
-# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
-# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
-# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
-# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
-# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
-# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
-# in advance of normal time.
-#
-# ...
-# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
-# ...
-
-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
-# ...
-# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
-# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
-# ...
-# Monaco: has same DST as France.
-# ...
+++ /dev/null
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# For distributors who don't want to put time zone specification in
-# their installation procedures. Users that run 'date' will get the
-# time zone abbreviation "-00", indicating that the actual time zone
-# is unknown.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT
-Zone Factory 0 - -00
+++ /dev/null
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# also includes Central America and the Caribbean
-
-# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
-# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
-# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
-# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# United States
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
-# Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
-# Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
-# Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
-# His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
-# was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
-# in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
-# but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-21):
-# Dowd's proposal left many details unresolved, such as where to draw
-# lines between time zones. The key individual who made time zones
-# work in the US was William Frederick Allen - railway engineer,
-# managing editor of the Travelers' Guide, and secretary of the
-# General Time Convention, a railway standardization group. Allen
-# spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders,
-# developed a workable plan to institute time zones, and presented it
-# to the General Time Convention on 1883-04-11, saying that his plan
-# meant "local time would be practically abolished" - a plus for
-# railway scheduling. By the next convention on 1883-10-11 nearly all
-# railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883-11-18 at 12:00.
-# That Sunday was called the "day of two noons", as the eastern parts
-# of the new zones observed noon twice. Allen witnessed the
-# transition in New York City, writing:
-#
-# I heard the bells of St. Paul's strike on the old time. Four
-# minutes later, obedient to the electrical signal from the Naval
-# Observatory ... the time-ball made its rapid descent, the chimes
-# of old Trinity rang twelve measured strokes, and local time was
-# abandoned, probably forever.
-#
-# Most of the US soon followed suit. See:
-# Bartky IR. The adoption of standard time. Technol Cult 1989 Jan;30(1):25-56.
-# http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105430
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
-# That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
-# See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
-# Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
-# It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
-# Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
-# in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
-# of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
-# Not everyone is happy with the results:
-#
-# I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
-# agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
-# daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
-# I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
-# valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen. As an admirer
-# of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
-# reduce my time for enjoying it. At the back of the Daylight Saving
-# scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
-# to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
-# them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
-#
-# -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
-# Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
-#
-# For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
-# Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
-# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
-# http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
-#
-# Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
-# However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
-# was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
-# time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
-
-# From Arthur David Olson:
-# US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
-# See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
-# and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson:
-# Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
-# Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
-# Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
-# In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
-# An AltaVista search turned up:
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20000926032210/http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
-# "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
-# Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.' Peace is wonderful."
-# (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-09-23):
-# This was the V-J Day issue of the Clamdigger, a Rowayton, CT newsletter.
-
-# From Joseph Gallant citing
-# George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
-# At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
-# to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
-# never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
-# CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
-# but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
-# of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
-# London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout. From
-# Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
-#
-# ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
-# Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
-# wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
-# Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
-# typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
-# importance."
-#
-# On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
-# microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
-# before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
-# The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
-#
-# He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
-# Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
-# that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
-# U.S. government action. So even though the "US" rules have changed
-# in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
-Rule US 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
-Rule US 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule US 1967 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule US 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule US 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule US 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule US 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule US 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
-
-# From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
-# We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
-# obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
-# We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
-# this time zone package.
-# We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
-# a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
-# We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
-# increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
-# avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone EST -5:00 - EST
-Zone MST -7:00 - MST
-Zone HST -10:00 - HST
-Zone EST5EDT -5:00 US E%sT
-Zone CST6CDT -6:00 US C%sT
-Zone MST7MDT -7:00 US M%sT
-Zone PST8PDT -8:00 US P%sT
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
-# USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
-# USA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
-# USA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC CHICAGO, HOUSTON
-# USA CENTRAL 5 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
-# USA MOUNTAIN 7 H BEHIND UTC DENVER
-# USA MOUNTAIN 6 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
-# USA PACIFIC 8 H BEHIND UTC L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
-# USA PACIFIC 7 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
-# USA ALASKA STD 9 H BEHIND UTC MOST OF ALASKA (AKST)
-# USA ALASKA STD 8 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
-# USA ALEUTIAN 10 H BEHIND UTC ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
-# USA " 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
-# USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC
-# USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
-# The above dates are for 1988.
-# Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
-# no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
-# Aleutians.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
-# Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
-# Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward. First, names
-# up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
-# took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
-# (none)
-# United States standard eastern time
-# United States standard mountain time
-# United States standard central time
-# United States standard Pacific time
-# (none)
-# United States standard Alaska time
-# (none)
-# Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
-# public law 98-181):
-# Atlantic standard time
-# eastern standard time
-# central standard time
-# mountain standard time
-# Pacific standard time
-# Yukon standard time
-# Alaska-Hawaii standard time
-# Bering standard time
-# And after 1983-11-30:
-# Atlantic standard time
-# eastern standard time
-# central standard time
-# mountain standard time
-# Pacific standard time
-# Alaska standard time
-# Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
-# Samoa standard time
-# The law doesn't give abbreviations.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-19):
-# Here are URLs for the 1918 and 1966 legislation:
-# http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=40&page=451
-# http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=80&page=108
-# Although the 1918 names were officially "United States Standard
-# Eastern Time" and similarly for "Central", "Mountain", "Pacific",
-# and "Alaska", in practice "Standard" was placed just before "Time",
-# as codified in 1966. In practice, Alaska time was abbreviated "AST"
-# before 1968. Summarizing the 1967 name changes:
-# 1918 names 1967 names
-# -08 Standard Pacific Time (PST) Pacific standard time (PST)
-# -09 (unofficial) Yukon (YST) Yukon standard time (YST)
-# -10 Standard Alaska Time (AST) Alaska-Hawaii standard time (AHST)
-# -11 (unofficial) Nome (NST) Bering standard time (BST)
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
-# Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced ... "Chamorro Standard Time"
-# for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas. See the file "australasia".
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-17):
-# HST and HDT are standardized abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian
-# standard and daylight times. See section 9.47 (p 234) of the
-# U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008)
-# https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008/pdf/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008.pdf
-
-# From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
-# The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
-#
-# H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
-# (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
-# U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
-# (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
-# Sunday of March"; and
-# (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
-# Sunday of November'.
-# (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
-# date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
-# (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
-# date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
-# on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
-# States.
-# (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
-# Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
-# Department study is complete.
-
-# US eastern time, represented by New York
-
-# Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
-# Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
-# (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
-# New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
-# Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
-# Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
-
-# From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
-# Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
-# Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
-# One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
-# and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
-# reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
-# According to today's Huntsville Times
-# http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
-# a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
-# in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
-# set their watches and clocks on Eastern time." It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
-# Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
-# time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
-# in Columbus."
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
-# Four cities are involved. The two not mentioned above are Smiths Station
-# and Valley. Barbara Brooks, Valley's assistant treasurer, heard it started
-# because West Point Pepperell textile mills were in Alabama while the
-# corporate office was in Georgia, and residents voted to keep Eastern
-# time even after the mills closed. See: Kazek K. Did you know which
-# Alabama towns are in a different time zone? al.com 2017-02-06.
-# http://www.al.com/living/index.ssf/2017/02/do_you_know_which_alabama_town.html
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
-# Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
-# says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
-# Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch. Round to the
-# nearest second.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
-Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule NYC 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule NYC 1921 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
- -5:00 US E%sT 1920
- -5:00 NYC E%sT 1942
- -5:00 US E%sT 1946
- -5:00 NYC E%sT 1967
- -5:00 US E%sT
-
-# US central time, represented by Chicago
-
-# Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
-# Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
-# Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
-# (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
-# Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
-# Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
-# Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
-# western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
-
-# From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
-# https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/175.pdf
-# is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change. Because the local
-# "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
-# are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
-# hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
-#
-# From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
-# Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
-# Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
-# https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2007/related/acts/3
-
-# From an email administrator of the City of Fort Pierre, SD (2015-12-21):
-# Fort Pierre is technically located in the Mountain time zone as is
-# the rest of Stanley County. Most of Stanley County and Fort Pierre
-# uses the Central time zone due to doing most of their business in
-# Pierre so it simplifies schedules. I have lived in Stanley County
-# all my life and it has been that way since I can remember. (43 years!)
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25):
-# Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
-Rule Chicago 1920 only - Jun 13 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Chicago 1920 1921 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Chicago 1921 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Chicago 1922 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Chicago 1922 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Chicago 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
- -6:00 US C%sT 1920
- -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1936 Nov 15 2:00
- -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1942
- -6:00 US C%sT 1946
- -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1967
- -6:00 US C%sT
-# Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
-Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
- -7:00 US M%sT 1992 Oct 25 2:00
- -6:00 US C%sT
-# Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
-# 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
-# See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
-# Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
-# Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
-# but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
-# See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
-Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
- -7:00 US M%sT 2003 Oct 26 2:00
- -6:00 US C%sT
-
-# From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
-# ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
-# mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
-# daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
-# https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
-# http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
-
-# From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
-# ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
-# it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
-# largest city in Mercer County). Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
-# at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset
-# of 6h47'07".
-
-Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
- -7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00
- -6:00 US C%sT
-
-# US mountain time, represented by Denver
-#
-# Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
-# Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
-# New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
-# western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
-# and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
-Rule Denver 1920 1921 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Denver 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Denver 1921 only - May 22 2:00 0 S
-Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
- -7:00 US M%sT 1920
- -7:00 Denver M%sT 1942
- -7:00 US M%sT 1946
- -7:00 Denver M%sT 1967
- -7:00 US M%sT
-
-# US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
-#
-# California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
-# Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
-# north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
-# Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern 3/4 of
-# Malheur county), and Washington
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20):
-# In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage,
-# PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours,
-# causing electric clocks to lose six minutes per day. (This did not change
-# legal time, and is not part of the data here.) See:
-# Ross SA. An energy crisis from the past: Northern California in 1948.
-# Working Paper No. 8, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley,
-# 1973-11. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x22k30c
-#
-# In another measure to save electricity, DST was instituted from 1948-03-14
-# at 02:01 to 1949-01-16 at 02:00, with the governor having the option to move
-# the fallback transition earlier. See pages 3-4 of:
-# http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/1948/48Vol1_Chapters.pdf
-#
-# In response:
-#
-# Governor Warren received a torrent of objecting mail, and it is not too much
-# to speculate that the objections to Daylight Saving Time were one important
-# factor in the defeat of the Dewey-Warren Presidential ticket in California.
-# -- Ross, p 25
-#
-# On December 8 the governor exercised the option, setting the date to January 1
-# (LA Times 1948-12-09). The transition time was 02:00 (LA Times 1949-01-01).
-#
-# Despite the controversy, in 1949 California voters approved Proposition 12,
-# which established DST from April's last Sunday at 01:00 until September's
-# last Sunday at 02:00. This was amended by 1962's Proposition 6, which changed
-# the fall-back date to October's last Sunday. See:
-# https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501&context=ca_ballot_props
-# https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1636&context=ca_ballot_props
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
-Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:01 1:00 D
-Rule CA 1949 only - Jan 1 2:00 0 S
-Rule CA 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 1:00 1:00 D
-Rule CA 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule CA 1962 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
- -8:00 US P%sT 1946
- -8:00 CA P%sT 1967
- -8:00 US P%sT
-
-# Alaska
-# AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -09 per USNO.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-06-15):
-# Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
-# and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
-# On Friday, 1867-10-18 (Gregorian), at precisely 15:30 local time, the
-# Russian forts and fleet at Sitka fired salutes to mark the ceremony of
-# formal transfer. See the Sacramento Daily Union (1867-11-14), p 3, col 2.
-# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SDU18671114.2.12.1
-# Sitka workers did not change their calendars until Sunday, 1867-10-20,
-# and so celebrated two Sundays that week. See: Ahllund T (tr Hallamaa P).
-# From the memoirs of a Finnish workman. Alaska History. 2006 Fall;21(2):1-25.
-# http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Ahllund-2006-Memoirs-of-a-Finnish-Workman.pdf
-# Include only the time zone part of this transition, ignoring the switch
-# from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent the Julian calendar.
-#
-# As far as we know, of the locations mentioned below only Sitka was
-# permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
-# (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement was
-# destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.) Many of Alaska's inhabitants
-# were unaware of the US acquisition of Alaska, much less of any calendar or
-# time change. However, the Russian-influenced part of Alaska did observe
-# Russian time, and it is more accurate to model this than to ignore it.
-# The database format requires an exact transition time; use the Russian
-# salute as a somewhat-arbitrary time for the formal transfer of control for
-# all of Alaska. Sitka's UTC offset is -9:01:13; adjust its 15:30 to the
-# local times of other Alaskan locations so that they change simultaneously.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
-# One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
-# daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
-# "Welcome to Juneau. Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
-# See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
-# http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
-#
-# Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
-# Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
-# Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
-# http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
-# Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
-#
-# On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
-# 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
-# Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
-# Pacific Time.
-#
-# ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
-# Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
-# northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
-#
-# On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
-# unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
-#
-# According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
-# bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
-#
-# (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
-# Nation.)
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
-# I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
-# Community office (using contact information available at
-# http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
-# It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
-# the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
-# that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
-# own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
-# did not inquire about practices in the past.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
-# For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
-# abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09):
-# It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing
-# their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching
-# between AKST and AKDT from now on....
-# https://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Juneau 15:02:19 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:33:32
- -8:57:41 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
- -8:00 - PST 1942
- -8:00 US P%sT 1946
- -8:00 - PST 1969
- -8:00 US P%sT 1980 Apr 27 2:00
- -9:00 US Y%sT 1980 Oct 26 2:00
- -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
- -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
- -9:00 US AK%sT
-Zone America/Sitka 14:58:47 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:30
- -9:01:13 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
- -8:00 - PST 1942
- -8:00 US P%sT 1946
- -8:00 - PST 1969
- -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
- -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
- -9:00 US AK%sT
-Zone America/Metlakatla 15:13:42 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:44:55
- -8:46:18 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
- -8:00 - PST 1942
- -8:00 US P%sT 1946
- -8:00 - PST 1969
- -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
- -8:00 - PST 2015 Nov 1 2:00
- -9:00 US AK%sT
-Zone America/Yakutat 14:41:05 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:12:18
- -9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
- -9:00 - YST 1942
- -9:00 US Y%sT 1946
- -9:00 - YST 1969
- -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
- -9:00 US AK%sT
-Zone America/Anchorage 14:00:24 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 14:31:37
- -9:59:36 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
- -10:00 - AST 1942
- -10:00 US A%sT 1967 Apr
- -10:00 - AHST 1969
- -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
- -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
- -9:00 US AK%sT
-Zone America/Nome 12:58:22 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 13:29:35
- -11:01:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
- -11:00 - NST 1942
- -11:00 US N%sT 1946
- -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
- -11:00 - BST 1969
- -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
- -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
- -9:00 US AK%sT
-Zone America/Adak 12:13:22 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 12:44:35
- -11:46:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
- -11:00 - NST 1942
- -11:00 US N%sT 1946
- -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
- -11:00 - BST 1969
- -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
- -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Nov 30
- -10:00 US H%sT
-# The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
-#
-# Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
-# switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
-# and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
-#
-# From David Flater (2004-11-09):
-# In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
-# Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
-# suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
-# possibly until 1983:
-#
-# Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
-# "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
-# location not on Alaska Standard Time. The following resolution was
-# made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
-# resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
-# Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
-# January 14, Alaska Standard Time.) This resolution was passed with
-# three votes for and one against."
-
-# Hawaii
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
-# "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
-# of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
-# the article is available at
-# https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
-# and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
-# 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
-# saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
-# last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
-# act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
-# from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
-# when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
-# effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
-# day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
-# cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
-# and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
-# The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
-# Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
-# 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
-# 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
-# year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
-# hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
-# day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
-# Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
-# hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
-# which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
-# that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
-# Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
-# of the Territory of Hawaii."
-#
-# Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
-# We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Jan 13 12:00
- -10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00
- -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 12:00
- -10:30 - HST 1942 Feb 9 2:00
- -10:30 1:00 HDT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
- -10:30 - HST 1947 Jun 8 2:00
- -10:00 - HST
-
-# Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
-
-# Arizona mostly uses MST.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
-#
-# The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
-# Daylight Saving Time web page
-# <http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm> (2002-01-23)
-# maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
-# Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
-# time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
-# personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
-# observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time. The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
-# Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
-# the date the state's clocks would change. In 1945 the State of
-# Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
-# mandated by federal law. Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
-# Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
-#
-# Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
-# Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
- -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 0:01
- -7:00 - MST 1944 Apr 1 0:01
- -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Oct 1 0:01
- -7:00 - MST 1967
- -7:00 US M%sT 1968 Mar 21
- -7:00 - MST
-# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
-# A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
-# notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
-# Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
-# large size and location in three states." (The "only" means that other
-# tribal nations don't use DST.)
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
-# See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
-
-# Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
-# Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
-# Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
-# Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
-# Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
-# quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
-# switched four weeks late in 1974.
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
- -8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00
- -7:00 US M%sT 1974
- -7:00 - MST 1974 Feb 3 2:00
- -7:00 US M%sT
-
-# Indiana
-#
-# For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
-# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
-# Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
-# with the following exceptions:
-#
-# - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
-# Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
-#
-# - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
-#
-# - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
-# America/Kentucky/Louisville.
-#
-# - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
-# and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
-#
-# Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
-# and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
-# Those Hoosiers! Such a flighty and changeable people!
-# Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
-#
-# Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
-# that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
-# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
-# https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
-# says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
-# Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
-# Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
-# this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
-# changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
-# Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
-# clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error. The intent
-# was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
-
-# From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
-# The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
-# going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
-# http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
-Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Indianapolis 1946 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
- -6:00 US C%sT 1920
- -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
- -6:00 US C%sT 1946
- -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1957 Sep 29 2:00
- -6:00 - CST 1958 Apr 27 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1969
- -5:00 US E%sT 1971
- -5:00 - EST 2006
- -5:00 US E%sT
-#
-# Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
-# as well as from 1976 through 2005.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
-Rule Marengo 1951 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Marengo 1951 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
- -6:00 US C%sT 1951
- -6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1969
- -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
- -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
- -5:00 US E%sT 1976
- -5:00 - EST 2006
- -5:00 US E%sT
-#
-# Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
-# switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
-# in November 2007.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
-Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Vincennes 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Vincennes 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Vincennes 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Vincennes 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Vincennes 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Vincennes 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Vincennes 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
- -6:00 US C%sT 1946
- -6:00 Vincennes C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1969
- -5:00 US E%sT 1971
- -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
- -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
- -5:00 US E%sT
-#
-# Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
-Rule Perry 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Perry 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Perry 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Perry 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Perry 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Perry 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Perry 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Perry 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Perry 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
- -6:00 US C%sT 1946
- -6:00 Perry C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1969
- -5:00 US E%sT 1971
- -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
- -6:00 US C%sT
-#
-# Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
-# then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
-Rule Pike 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Pike 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Pike 1956 1964 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Pike 1961 1964 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
- -6:00 US C%sT 1955
- -6:00 Pike C%sT 1965 Apr 25 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1966 Oct 30 2:00
- -6:00 US C%sT 1977 Oct 30 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
- -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
- -5:00 US E%sT
-#
-# Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
-# then switched back in 2006.
-# From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
-# An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
-# notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
-# 1991-10-27.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
-Rule Starke 1947 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Starke 1947 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Starke 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Starke 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Starke 1959 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
- -6:00 US C%sT 1947
- -6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1963 Oct 27 2:00
- -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
- -6:00 US C%sT
-#
-# Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
-# April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
-Rule Pulaski 1946 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Pulaski 1946 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Pulaski 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Pulaski 1957 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
- -6:00 US C%sT 1946
- -6:00 Pulaski C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1969
- -5:00 US E%sT 1971
- -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
- -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Mar 11 2:00
- -5:00 US E%sT
-#
-# Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
- -6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1969
- -5:00 US E%sT 1973
- -5:00 - EST 2006
- -5:00 US E%sT
-
-# Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
-# This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
-Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S
-Rule Louisville 1941 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Louisville 1941 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Louisville 1946 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 S
-Rule Louisville 1950 1955 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Louisville 1956 1960 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
- -6:00 US C%sT 1921
- -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1942
- -6:00 US C%sT 1946
- -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1961 Jul 23 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1968
- -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
- -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
- -5:00 US E%sT
-#
-# Wayne County, Kentucky
-#
-# From Lake Cumberland LIFE
-# http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
-# (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
-# Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
-# the Central to the Eastern time zone.... The Wayne County government made
-# the same request in December. And while Russell County officials have not
-# taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
-# August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
-# The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
-# location in the Central time zone.
-#
-# From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
-# After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
-# Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
-# (-0500) time. They won't "fall back" this year. See Sara Shipley,
-# The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
-# The final rule was published in the
-# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
-# https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2000-08-17/html/00-20854.htm
-#
-Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
- -6:00 US C%sT 1946
- -6:00 - CST 1968
- -6:00 US C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
- -5:00 US E%sT
-
-
-# From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
-# Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
-# Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
-# previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
-# Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
-# Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
-# West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
-# Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
-# We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
-# so omit that change for now.
-# See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
-# See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
-# West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
-# 1999-10-31. See the
-# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
-# https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1999-10-21/html/99-27240.htm
-# However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
-# on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
-# hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
-
-# Michigan
-#
-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
-# Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
-# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
-# but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
-# that Detroit kept
-#
-# local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
-# be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time. Half the
-# city obeyed, half refused. After considerable debate, the decision
-# was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time. A derisive offer to
-# erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
-# Committee on Sewers. Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
-# by city vote.
-#
-# This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
-# Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
-# one hour in 1914." This change is not in Shanks. We have no more
-# info, so omit this for now.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-07-26):
-# Although Shanks says Detroit observed DST in 1967 from 06-14 00:01
-# until 10-29 00:01, I now see multiple reports that this is incorrect.
-# For example, according to a 50-year anniversary report about the 1967
-# Detroit riots and a major-league doubleheader on 1967-07-23, "By the time
-# the last fly ball of the doubleheader settled into the glove of leftfielder
-# Lenny Green, it was after 7 p.m. Detroit did not observe daylight saving
-# time, so light was already starting to fail. Twilight was made even deeper
-# by billowing columns of smoke that ascended in an unbroken wall north of the
-# ballpark." See: Dow B. Detroit '67: As violence unfolded, Tigers played two
-# at home vs. Yankees. Detroit Free Press 2017-07-23.
-# https://www.freep.com/story/sports/mlb/tigers/2017/07/23/detroit-tigers-1967-riot-new-york-yankees/499951001/
-#
-# Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
-Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Detroit 1948 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905
- -6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1942
- -5:00 US E%sT 1946
- -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1973
- -5:00 US E%sT 1975
- -5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00
- -5:00 US E%sT
-#
-# Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
-# switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
-Rule Menominee 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Menominee 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Menominee 1966 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Menominee 1966 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00
- -6:00 US C%sT 1946
- -6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00
- -6:00 US C%sT
-
-# Navassa
-# administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
-# claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
-# also claimed by Haiti
-# occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
-# US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
-# currently uninhabited
-# see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
-# _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
-# Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
-
-################################################################################
-
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
-#
-# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
-# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
-# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
-#
-# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
-# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
-# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
-# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
-# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
-#
-# Other sources occasionally used include:
-#
-# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
-# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
-# which I found in the UCLA library.
-#
-# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
-# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
-# [PDF] (1914-03)
-#
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-# <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
-#
-# See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
-
-# Canada
-
-# From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
-# I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
-# for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
-#
-# UTC Standard time Daylight saving time
-# offset French English French English
-# -2:30 - - HAT NDT
-# -3 - - HAA ADT
-# -3:30 HNT NST - -
-# -4 HNA AST HAE EDT
-# -5 HNE EST HAC CDT
-# -6 HNC CST HAR MDT
-# -7 HNR MST HAP PDT
-# -8 HNP PST HAY YDT
-# -9 HNY YST - -
-#
-# HN: Heure Normale ST: Standard Time
-# HA: Heure Avancée DT: Daylight saving Time
-#
-# A: de l'Atlantique Atlantic
-# C: du Centre Central
-# E: de l'Est Eastern
-# M: Mountain
-# N: Newfoundland
-# P: du Pacifique Pacific
-# R: des Rocheuses
-# T: de Terre-Neuve
-# Y: du Yukon Yukon
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
-# Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
-
-# Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
-# & Pottenger.
-
-# From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
-# 2007-03-01):
-# The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
-# adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
-# U.S. and the rest of Canada....
-# https://archive.news.gov.bc.ca/releases/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
-# ...
-# Nova Scotia
-# Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
-# https://www.novascotia.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
-#
-# [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
-# be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
-# https://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
-# ...
-# Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
-# As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
-# https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
-# ...
-# [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
-# http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
-# http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
-# http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
-# ...
-# P.E.I. will follow US rules....
-# http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
-# ...
-# Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
-# http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
-# ...
-# Yukon
-# https://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
-# ...
-# N.W.T. will follow US rules. Whoever maintains the government web site
-# does not seem to believe in bookmarks. To see the news release, click the
-# following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change". Press the
-# "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
-# JavaScript.
-# http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
-# ...
-# Nunavut
-# An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
-# http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-18):
-# H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
-# "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
-# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
-# contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
-# time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
-#
-# National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST.
-# https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html
-# https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5
-# Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
-# For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
-# new US DST rules,
-
-# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
-# In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
-# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
-# she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
-# The quote includes these two statements:
-# 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
-# '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
-# These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
-# that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918. This transition was
-# also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
-
-# In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
-# Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
-# than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
-Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
-Rule Canada 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
-Rule Canada 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
-Rule Canada 1974 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Canada 1974 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Canada 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Canada 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Canada 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
-
-
-# Newfoundland and Labrador
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-14):
-# Legally Labrador should observe Newfoundland time; see:
-# McLeod J. Labrador time - legal or not? St. John's Telegram, 2017-10-07
-# http://www.thetelegram.com/news/local/labrador-time--legal-or-not-154860/
-# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that the only part of Labrador
-# that follows the rules is the southeast corner, including Port Hope
-# Simpson and Mary's Harbour, but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule StJohns 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule StJohns 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
-# Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule StJohns 1919 only - May 5 23:00 1:00 D
-Rule StJohns 1919 only - Aug 12 23:00 0 S
-# For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - May Sun>=1 23:00 1:00 D
-Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - Oct lastSun 23:00 0 S
-# For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
-# Pottenger.
-Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - May Mon>=9 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - Oct Mon>=2 0:00 0 S
-# Whitman gives the following transitions:
-# 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
-# but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
-# For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
-# Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
-Rule StJohns 1951 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule StJohns 1951 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule StJohns 1960 1986 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
-# INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
-# at 00:01 local time. For now, assume it started in 1987.
-
-# From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
-# We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
-# changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
-# The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
-# Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
-# now occurs at 2:00AM.
-# ...
-# http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
-# ...
-# MICHAEL PELLEY | Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
-# Office of the Chief Information Officer
-# Executive Council
-# Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
-
-Rule StJohns 1987 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
-Rule StJohns 1987 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
-Rule StJohns 1988 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 2:00 DD
-Rule StJohns 1989 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
-Rule StJohns 2007 2011 - Mar Sun>=8 0:01 1:00 D
-Rule StJohns 2007 2010 - Nov Sun>=1 0:01 0 S
-#
-# St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884
- -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1918
- -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
- -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30
- -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
- -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
- -3:30 StJohns N%sT 2011 Nov
- -3:30 Canada N%sT
-
-# most of east Labrador
-
-# The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
- -3:30:52 - NST 1918
- -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
- -3:30:52 - NST 1935 Mar 30
- -3:30 - NST 1936
- -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
- -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
- -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00
- -4:00 StJohns A%sT 2011 Nov
- -4:00 Canada A%sT
-
-
-# west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
-
-# From Brian Inglis (2015-07-20):
-# From the historical weather station records available at:
-# https://weatherspark.com/history/28351/1971/Sydney-Nova-Scotia-Canada
-# Sydney shares the same time history as Glace Bay, so was
-# likely to be the same across the island....
-# Sydney, as the capital and most populous location, or Cape Breton, would
-# have been better names for the zone had we known this in 1996.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-20):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
-# Halifax. Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
-# the Cape Breton area, represented by Glace Bay, is the largest we know of
-# (Glace Bay was perhaps not the best name choice but no point changing now).
-# Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
-# in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
-# this is a typo.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Halifax 1916 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1920 only - May 9 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1920 only - Aug 29 0:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1921 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1921 1922 - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1922 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1923 1925 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1923 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1924 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1925 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1926 only - May 16 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1926 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1927 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1928 1931 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1928 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1929 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1930 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1931 1932 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1933 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1933 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1934 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1934 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1935 only - Jun 2 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1935 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1936 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1936 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1937 1938 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1937 1941 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1939 only - May 28 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1940 1941 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
- -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1918
- -4:00 Canada A%sT 1919
- -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
- -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
- -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
- -4:00 Canada A%sT
-Zone America/Glace_Bay -3:59:48 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
- -4:00 Canada A%sT 1953
- -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1954
- -4:00 - AST 1972
- -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
- -4:00 Canada A%sT
-
-# New Brunswick
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
-# The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
-# says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
-# <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
-# clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
-# For now, assume it started in 1993.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Jun Sun>=8 1:00 1:00 D
-Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Sep Sun>=8 1:00 0 S
-Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 D
-Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Sep Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
-Rule Moncton 1939 only - May 27 1:00 1:00 D
-Rule Moncton 1939 1941 - Sep Sat>=21 1:00 0 S
-Rule Moncton 1940 only - May 19 1:00 1:00 D
-Rule Moncton 1941 only - May 4 1:00 1:00 D
-Rule Moncton 1946 1972 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Moncton 1946 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Moncton 1957 1972 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
-Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Moncton -4:19:08 - LMT 1883 Dec 9
- -5:00 - EST 1902 Jun 15
- -4:00 Canada A%sT 1933
- -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1942
- -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
- -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1973
- -4:00 Canada A%sT 1993
- -4:00 Moncton A%sT 2007
- -4:00 Canada A%sT
-
-# Quebec
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
-# See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal.
-#
-# Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
-# meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
-# Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
-# The Quebec department of justice writes in
-# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
-# http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
-# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
-# observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
-# https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
-# says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
-# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
-# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
- -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# Ontario
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
-# Toronto.
-# Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
-# Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
-# Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
-# Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
-
-# From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
-# [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
-# effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
-# Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
-# have already done so. In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
-# 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
-# hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
-# only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
-# presumably that should be -07-06. (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
-# earlier in June).
-#
-# Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-07-08):
-# For more on Orillia, see: Daubs K. Bold attempt at daylight saving
-# time became a comic failure in Orillia. Toronto Star 2017-07-08.
-# https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2017/07/08/bold-attempt-at-daylight-saving-time-became-a-comic-failure-in-orillia.html
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
-# Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
-# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
-# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
-# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
-# http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
-# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
-# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
-# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
-# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
-# New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
-# CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
-# violation of the official Ontario rules.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
-# Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
-# 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
-#
-# The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
-# This means they spend about half the time on central time and
-# the other half on eastern time.
-#
-# For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
-#
-# "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
-# Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
-# said. "I don't see any changes happening here."
-#
-# Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
-# [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
-
-# From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
-# I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
-# and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
-# can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
-# time keeping since 1952, at least.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
-# ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
-# McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan
-# switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
-# ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
-# entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
-# America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
-
-# From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
-#
-# Currently the database has:
-#
-# # Ontario
-#
-# # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
-# # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
-# # Toronto.
-# # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
-# # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
-# # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
-#
-# In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
-# right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
-# time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
-#
-# The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
-# except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
-#
-# Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
-#
-# I only came across this incidentally. I don't know if Windsor began
-# observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
-#
-# By the way, the article continues by noting that:
-#
-# Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
-# three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
-#
-# "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
-# The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
-# volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
-# was available at
-# http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
-#
-# It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
-#
-# A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
-# require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
-# the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
-# and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
-# ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
-# for the other provinces only approximate:
-#
-# Province Daylight saving time used
-# Prince Edward Island Not used.
-# Nova Scotia In Halifax only.
-# New Brunswick In St. John only.
-# Quebec In the following places:
-# Montreal Lachine
-# Quebec Mont-Royal
-# Lévis Iberville
-# St. Lambert Cap de la Madelèine
-# Verdun Loretteville
-# Westmount Richmond
-# Outremont St. Jérôme
-# Longueuil Greenfield Park
-# Arvida Waterloo
-# Chambly-Canton Beaulieu
-# Melbourne La Tuque
-# St. Théophile Buckingham
-# Ontario Used generally in the cities and towns along
-# the southerly part of the province. Not
-# used in the northwesterly part.
-# Manitoba Not used.
-# Saskatchewan In Regina only.
-# Alberta Not used.
-# British Columbia Not used.
-#
-# With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
-# to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Toronto 1919 only - Mar 30 23:30 1:00 D
-Rule Toronto 1919 only - Oct 26 0:00 0 S
-Rule Toronto 1920 only - May 2 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Toronto 1920 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
-Rule Toronto 1921 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Toronto 1921 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 S
-Rule Toronto 1922 1923 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
-# Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
-# was meant.
-Rule Toronto 1922 1926 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
-Rule Toronto 1924 1927 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-# The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
-# Rule Toronto 1927 1937 - Sep Sun>=25 2:00 0 S
-# Rule Toronto 1928 1937 - Apr Sun>=25 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule Toronto 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule Toronto 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
-# (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
-Rule Toronto 1927 1932 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Toronto 1928 1931 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Toronto 1932 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Toronto 1933 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Toronto 1933 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
-Rule Toronto 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Toronto 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Toronto 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Toronto 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Toronto 1947 1948 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
-Rule Toronto 1949 only - Nov lastSun 0:00 0 S
-Rule Toronto 1950 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Toronto 1950 only - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Toronto 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
-# namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
-# is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
-# Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
-Rule Toronto 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
-# Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
-# Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
-# operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
-# Saskatchewan, for one year."
-
-# From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
-# Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
-# There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
-# savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
-# before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
-# Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
-# include the Thunder Bay area.... When Canada adopted daylight
-# savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
-# already, did not change their clocks.... During the Second World
-# War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
-# months for the remainder of the war years.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Toronto -5:17:32 - LMT 1895
- -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
- -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
- -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
- -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974
- -5:00 Canada E%sT
-Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895
- -6:00 - CST 1910
- -5:00 - EST 1942
- -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970
- -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1973
- -5:00 - EST 1974
- -5:00 Canada E%sT
-Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895
- -5:00 Canada E%sT 1940 Sep 29
- -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
- -5:00 Canada E%sT
-Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895
- -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
- -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
- -6:00 Canada C%sT
-Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
- -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
- -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
- -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
- -5:00 - EST
-
-
-# Manitoba
-
-# From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
-# the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
-# March 27, 1987 ... said ...
-# "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
-# the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
-# Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
-# following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
-# I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
-# been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
-# Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
-# the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
-# the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
-# Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
-# starting 1966. Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
-# it was also 02:00s in 1966.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Winn 1916 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Winn 1916 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 S
-Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Winn 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
-Rule Winn 1937 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 26 2:00 0 S
-Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
-Rule Winn 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
-Rule Winn 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Winn 1946 only - May 12 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Winn 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
-Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Winn 1950 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Winn 1950 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
-Rule Winn 1951 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Winn 1951 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Winn 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Winn 1960 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Winn 1963 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Winn 1963 only - Sep 22 2:00 0 S
-Rule Winn 1966 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Winn 1966 2005 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 S
-Rule Winn 1987 2005 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16
- -6:00 Winn C%sT 2006
- -6:00 Canada C%sT
-
-
-# Saskatchewan
-
-# From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
-# The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
-# level. As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
-# elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
-# the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
-# DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
-# presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
-# the summer". The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
-# time was noted.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
-# Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
-# City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
-# Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
-# Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
-# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
-# are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
-
-# From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
-# The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
-# provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
-# A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
-# since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
-#
-# Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
-# the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
-# their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial
-# referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
-#
-# On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
-# Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
-# part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
-# northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
-# follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
-# zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
-# by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
-#
-# It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
-# on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
-# serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
-# a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
-# rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
-# since sometime in the 1960s.
-
-# From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
-# The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
-# long and rather painful to read.
-# http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Regina 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Regina 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
-Rule Regina 1930 1934 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Regina 1930 1934 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Regina 1937 1941 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Regina 1937 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
-Rule Regina 1938 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
-Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
-Rule Regina 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
-Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0 S
-Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Regina 1959 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Regina 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-#
-Rule Swift 1957 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Swift 1957 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Swift 1959 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Swift 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
- -7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
- -6:00 - CST
-Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 - LMT 1905 Sep
- -7:00 Canada M%sT 1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
- -7:00 Regina M%sT 1950
- -7:00 Swift M%sT 1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
- -6:00 - CST
-
-
-# Alberta
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
-Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S
-Rule Edm 1920 1923 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Edm 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Edm 1921 1923 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
-Rule Edm 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
-Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Edm 1967 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Edm 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Edm 1969 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Edm 1969 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Edm 1972 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Edm 1972 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
- -7:00 Edm M%sT 1987
- -7:00 Canada M%sT
-
-
-# British Columbia
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
-# been like Vancouver.
-# Dawson Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
-# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
-
-# It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
-
-# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
-# There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
-# that do not currently observe daylight saving:
-# a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
-# b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
-# (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
-
-# Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
-# keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
-# manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
-# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
-# According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
-# i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
-# Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
-
-# Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
-# unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months
-# ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just
-# as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing
-# the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
-# subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
-# http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
-
-# Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
-# 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
-# Exact date unknown
-# 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
-# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
-# 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
-# Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
-# note 1:
-# On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
-# Creston did not change its clocks.
-# note 2:
-# During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
-# Creston did not oblige.
-# note 3:
-# There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
-# (UTC-7) forever.
-# The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
-# http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
-
-# During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
-# In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
-# summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
-# the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
-# period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
-# (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
-
-# The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
-
-# From Matt Johnson (2015-09-21):
-# Fort Nelson, BC, Canada will cancel DST this year. So while previously they
-# were aligned with America/Vancouver, they're now aligned with
-# America/Dawson_Creek.
-# http://www.northernrockies.ca/EN/meta/news/archives/2015/northern-rockies-time-change.html
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2015-09-23):
-# This requires a new zone for the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality,
-# America/Fort_Nelson. The resolution of 2014-12-08 was reached following a
-# 2014-11-15 poll with nearly 75% support. Effectively, the municipality has
-# been on MST (-0700) like Dawson Creek since it advanced its clocks on
-# 2015-03-08.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
-# Shanks says Fort Nelson did not observe DST in 1946, unlike Vancouver.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
-Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
-Rule Vanc 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
-Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
-Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Vanc 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
-Rule Vanc 1947 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Vanc 1962 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884
- -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
- -8:00 Canada P%sT
-Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT 1884
- -8:00 Canada P%sT 1947
- -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1972 Aug 30 2:00
- -7:00 - MST
-Zone America/Fort_Nelson -8:10:47 - LMT 1884
- -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1946
- -8:00 - PST 1947
- -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
- -8:00 Canada P%sT 2015 Mar 8 2:00
- -7:00 - MST
-Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
- -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1
- -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2
- -7:00 - MST
-
-# Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
-# Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
-# * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
-# c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9....
-# see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
-# [https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/rsc-1985-c-i-21/latest/rsc-1985-c-i-21.html]
-# * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
-# * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
-# * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
-
-# From Brian Inglis (2015-04-14):
-#
-# I tried to trace the history of Yukon time and found the following
-# regulations, giving the reference title and URL if found, regulation name,
-# and relevant quote if available. Each regulation specifically revokes its
-# predecessor. The final reference is to the current Interpretation Act
-# authorizing and resulting from these regulatory changes.
-#
-# Only recent regulations were retrievable via Yukon government site search or
-# index, and only some via Canadian legal sources. Other sources used include
-# articles titled "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" from JRASC via ADS
-# Abstracts, cited by ADO for 1932 ..., and updated versions from 1958 and
-# 1970 quoted below; each article includes current extracts from provincial
-# and territorial ST and DST regulations at the end, summaries and details of
-# standard times and daylight saving time at many locations across Canada,
-# with time zone maps, tables and calculations for Canadian Sunrise, Sunset,
-# and LMST; they also cover many countries and global locations, with a chart
-# and table showing current Universal Time offsets, and may be useful as
-# another source of information for 1970 and earlier.
-#
-# * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; JRASC, Vol. 26,
-# pp.49-77; February 1932; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
-# http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JRASC..26...49S from p.75:
-# Yukon Interpretation Ordinance
-# Yukon standard time is the local mean time at the one hundred and
-# thirty-fifth meridian.
-#
-# * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; Thomson, Malcolm M.;
-# JRASC, Vol. 52, pp.193-223; October 1958; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
-# (ADS) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958JRASC..52..193S from pp.220-1:
-# Yukon Interpretation Ordinance, 1955, Chap. 16.
-#
-# (1) Subject to this section, standard time shall be reckoned as nine
-# hours behind Greenwich Time and called Yukon Standard Time.
-#
-# (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Commissioner may make regulations
-# varying the manner of reckoning standard time.
-#
-# * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance
-# http://? - no online source found
-#
-# * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC,
-# Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
-# http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970JRASC..64..129T from p.156: Yukon
-# Territory Commissioner's Order 1967-59 Interpretation Ordinance ...
-#
-# 1. Commissioner's Order 1966-20 dated at Whitehorse in the Yukon
-# Territory on 27th January, 1966, is hereby revoked.
-#
-# 2. Yukon (East) Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the
-# Interpretation Ordinance from and after mid-night on the 28th day of May,
-# 1967 shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that
-# is to say, eight hours behind Greenwich Time in the area of the Yukon
-# Territory lying east of the 138th degree longitude west.
-#
-# 3. In the remainder of the Territory, lying west of the 138th degree
-# longitude west, Yukon (West) Standard Time shall be reckoned as nine
-# hours behind Greenwich Time.
-#
-# * Yukon Standard Time defined as Pacific Standard Time, YCO 1973/214
-# https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yco-1973-214/latest/yco-1973-214.html
-# C.O. 1973/214 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
-#
-# 1. Effective October 28, 1973 Commissioner's Order 1967/59 is hereby
-# revoked.
-#
-# 2. Yukon Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the Interpretation
-# Act from and after midnight on the twenty-eighth day of October, 1973
-# shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that is
-# to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time.
-#
-# * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT
-# http://? - no online source found
-#
-# * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56
-# https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html
-# O.I.C. 1987/056 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
-#
-# In every year between
-# (a) two o'clock in the morning in the first Sunday in April, and
-# (b) two o'clock in the morning in the last Sunday in October,
-# Standard Time shall be reckoned as seven hours behind Greenwich Time and
-# called Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
-# ...
-# Dated ... 9th day of March, A.D., 1987.
-#
-# * Yukon Daylight Saving Time 2006, YOIC 2006/127
-# https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-2006-127/latest/yoic-2006-127.html
-# O.I.C. 2006/127 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
-#
-# 1. In Yukon each year the time for general purposes shall be 7 hours
-# behind Greenwich mean time during the period commencing at two o'clock
-# in the forenoon on the second Sunday of March and ending at two o'clock
-# in the forenoon on the first Sunday of November and shall be called
-# Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
-#
-# 2. Order-in-Council 1987/56 is revoked.
-#
-# 3. This order comes into force January 1, 2007.
-#
-# * Interpretation Act, RSY 2002, c 125
-# https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/stat/rsy-2002-c-125/latest/rsy-2002-c-125.html
-
-# From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
-# Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
-# Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
-# http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
-#
-# From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
-# We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
-# to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
-# Basic Facts: The New Territory
-# http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
-# (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
-# and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST. We don't know when
-# Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
-
-# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
-# On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
-# Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble:
-#
-# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
-#
-# First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
-# Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
-#
-# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
-#
-# Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
-#
-# This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
-# No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
-# change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
-# really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
-# They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
-# so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
-# The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
-# their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
-# the current state of affairs.
-
-# From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
-# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
-# http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
-# Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
-# central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
-# for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then]
-# made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
-# Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
-# for these potential new Zones.
-#
-# The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
-# handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
-# zone] skip daylight savings. Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
-# Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
-# Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
-# Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
-# required to use daylight savings.
-
-# From <http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html>
-# Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
-# The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
-# Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
-# one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
-# At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
-# Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
-# the rest of the territory for the winter. Cambridge Bay remained on
-# central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
-# mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
-# unified time zone in 1999.
-#
-# From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
-# The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
-# Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
-
-# From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
-# The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
-# that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
-# back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern). Of the
-# cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
-# has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round. I'm
-# checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
-# more.
-# [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
-
-# From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
-# According to ...
-# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
-# (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
-# for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
-# round. Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
-# I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
-# predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
-# The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-17):
-# For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
-# daylight saving only during wartime. Gwillim Law's email also
-# mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada;
-# see above for an up-to-date link.
-
-# From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
-# ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
-# Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
-# Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
-# daylight saving....
-# http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
-
-# From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
-# Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
-# Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
-# the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
-# decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
-#
-# According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
-# went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
-#
-# On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
-# 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
-# talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
-# to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
-# explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
-# (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
-# i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
-# had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
-# so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
-#
-# On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
-# phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
-# of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
-# information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
-# Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
-# Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
-# and worked in Resolute Bay...
-#
-# On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
-# Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
-# 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
-# on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
-# had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
-# tell me when the practice had stopped.
-#
-# On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
-# somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
-# off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
-# used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
-# businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
-# Aziz:
-# http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
-#
-# I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
-# Eastern Standard Time.
-#
-# Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
-# 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
-# of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
-# the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
-#
-# This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
-#
-# I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
-# responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
-# may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
-# search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
-#
-# If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
-# never have contacted her. I now believe that all the information I
-# obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
-# I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
-Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule NT_YK 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
-Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
-Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
-Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Apr lastSun 0:00 2:00 DD
-Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule NT_YK 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule NT_YK 1980 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule NT_YK 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# aka Panniqtuuq
-Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - -00 1921 # trading post est.
- -4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
- -5:00 Canada E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
- -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
- -5:00 Canada E%sT
-# formerly Frobisher Bay
-Zone America/Iqaluit 0 - -00 1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
- -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
- -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
- -5:00 Canada E%sT
-# aka Qausuittuq
-Zone America/Resolute 0 - -00 1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
- -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
- -6:00 Canada C%sT 2006 Oct 29 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 2007 Mar 11 3:00
- -6:00 Canada C%sT
-# aka Kangiqiniq
-Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0 - -00 1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
- -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
- -6:00 Canada C%sT
-# aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
-Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0 - -00 1920 # trading post est.?
- -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
- -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 2000 Nov 5 0:00
- -6:00 - CST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
- -7:00 Canada M%sT
-Zone America/Yellowknife 0 - -00 1935 # Yellowknife founded?
- -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
- -7:00 Canada M%sT
-Zone America/Inuvik 0 - -00 1953 # Inuvik founded
- -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
- -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
- -7:00 Canada M%sT
-Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
- -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1967 May 28 0:00
- -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
- -8:00 Canada P%sT
-Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
- -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00
- -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
- -8:00 Canada P%sT
-
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Mexico
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-12-07):
-# The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
-# Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
-# history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
-# http://www.diputados.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/index.htm
-#
-# Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
-# (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
-# S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
-# S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
-# S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
-# S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
-
-# From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
-# There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
-# tz database. I think they can best be explained by supposing that
-# the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
-# the relevant documents.
-
-# From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
-# A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
-# outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
-#
-# ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
-#
-# I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
-# rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
-#
-# 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
-# - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
-# - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
-# - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
-#
-# 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
-# at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
-# BajaNorte: GMT+7
-# BajaSur: GMT+6
-# General: GMT+5
-#
-# 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
-# BajaNorte: GMT+8
-# BajaSur: GMT+7
-# General: GMT+6
-#
-# The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
-#
-# -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
-# For an English translation of the decree, see
-# "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
-# http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
-
-# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
-# The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
-# (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
-
-# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
-# Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
-# zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
-# savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
-# Arizona year round.
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
-# <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
-# In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
-# Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
-# year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
-# whole year.
-
-# From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
-# <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
-# (translated):...
-# January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
-# that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
-# this year....
-# http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
-# [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
-# in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
-# The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
-# story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
-# http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
-# ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
-# Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
-# the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
-# observation of Daylight Saving Time.
-
-# Official statute published by the Energy Department
-# http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
-# (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
-# and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
-#
-# http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
-# James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
-# * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
-# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
-# the Federal District will not adopt DST.
-# * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
-# * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
-# the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
-#
-# For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
-# I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
-# saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
-# that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
-# saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
-# (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
-# saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
-# Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
-# September 30, 2001.
-# References: "Diario de Monterrey" <http://www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
-# Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
-
-# From Reuters (2001-09-04):
-# Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
-# unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
-# capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
-# next year.... The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
-# a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
-# standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
-# subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
-# ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
-# that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
-# http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
-# confirms this. Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
-#
-# Steffen Thorsen wrote:
-# > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
-# > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
-# > the United States.
-# Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
-# 2010, some border regions will be the same:
-# http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
-# http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
-# (Spanish)
-#
-# Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
-# http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
-# (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
-#
-# There is also a list of the votes here:
-# http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
-#
-# Our page:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
-# The page
-# http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
-# includes this text:
-# En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
-# Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
-# Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
-# Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
-# desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
-# horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
-# En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
-# fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
-# internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
-# kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
-# interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
-# efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
-# las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2014-12-08), translated by Gwillim Law:
-# The Mexican state of Quintana Roo will likely change to EST in 2015.
-#
-# http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2014/12/04/medio-ambiente/congreso-aprueba-una-hora-mas-de-sol-en-qroo
-# "With this change, the time conflict that has existed between the municipios
-# of Quintana Roo and the municipio of Felipe Carrillo Puerto may come to an
-# end. The latter declared itself in rebellion 15 years ago when a time change
-# was initiated in Mexico, and since then it has refused to change its time
-# zone along with the rest of the country."
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-01-14), translated by Gwillim Law:
-# http://sipse.com/novedades/confirman-aplicacion-de-nueva-zona-horaria-para-quintana-roo-132331.html
-# "...the new time zone will come into effect at two o'clock on the first Sunday
-# of February, when we will have to advance the clock one hour from its current
-# time..."
-# Also, the new zone will not use DST.
-#
-# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2015-02-02):
-# The decree that modifies the Mexican Hour System Law has finally
-# been published at the Diario Oficial de la Federación
-# http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5380123&fecha=31/01/2015
-# It establishes 5 zones for Mexico:
-# 1- Zona Centro (Central Zone): Corresponds to longitude 90 W,
-# includes most of Mexico, excluding what's mentioned below.
-# 2- Zona Pacífico (Pacific Zone): Longitude 105 W, includes the
-# states of Baja California Sur; Chihuahua; Nayarit (excluding Bahía
-# de Banderas which lies in Central Zone); Sinaloa and Sonora.
-# 3- Zona Noroeste (Northwest Zone): Longitude 120 W, includes the
-# state of Baja California.
-# 4- Zona Sureste (Southeast Zone): Longitude 75 W, includes the state
-# of Quintana Roo.
-# 5- The islands, reefs and keys shall take their timezone from the
-# longitude they are located at.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S
-Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mexico 1941 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 W # War
-Rule Mexico 1944 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S
-Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Mexico 2001 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mexico 2001 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Mexico 2002 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mexico 2002 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
-Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56
- -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
- -5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00
- -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2015 Feb 1 2:00
- -5:00 - EST
-# Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
-Zone America/Merida -5:58:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:01:32
- -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
- -5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2
- -6:00 Mexico C%sT
-# Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
-# This includes the following municipalities:
-# in Coahuila: Ocampo, Acuña, Zaragoza, Jiménez, Piedras Negras, Nava,
-# Guerrero, Hidalgo.
-# in Nuevo León: Anáhuac, Los Aldama.
-# in Tamaulipas: Nuevo Laredo, Guerrero, Mier, Miguel Alemán, Camargo,
-# Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Reynosa, Río Bravo, Valle Hermoso, Matamoros.
-# See: Inicia mañana Horario de Verano en zona fronteriza, El Universal,
-# 2016-03-12
-# http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/estados/2016/03/12/inicia-manana-horario-de-verano-en-zona-fronteriza
-Zone America/Matamoros -6:40:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
- -6:00 - CST 1988
- -6:00 US C%sT 1989
- -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2010
- -6:00 US C%sT
-# Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
-Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
- -6:00 - CST 1988
- -6:00 US C%sT 1989
- -6:00 Mexico C%sT
-# Central Mexico
-Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24
- -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
- -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
- -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
- -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
- -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
- -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001 Sep 30 2:00
- -6:00 - CST 2002 Feb 20
- -6:00 Mexico C%sT
-# Chihuahua (near US border)
-# This includes the municipalities of Janos, Ascensión, Juárez, Guadalupe,
-# Práxedis G Guerrero, Coyame del Sotol, Ojinaga, and Manuel Benavides.
-# (See the 2016-03-12 El Universal source mentioned above.)
-Zone America/Ojinaga -6:57:40 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
- -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
- -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
- -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
- -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
- -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
- -6:00 - CST 1996
- -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
- -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
- -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010
- -7:00 US M%sT
-# Chihuahua (away from US border)
-Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
- -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
- -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
- -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
- -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
- -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
- -6:00 - CST 1996
- -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
- -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
- -7:00 Mexico M%sT
-# Sonora
-Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
- -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
- -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
- -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
- -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
- -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
- -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
- -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
- -8:00 - PST 1970
- -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1999
- -7:00 - MST
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
-# According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
-# changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
-# share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
-#
-# (Spanish)
-# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
-# país, a partir de este domingo
-# http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
-#
-# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
-# País
-# http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
-#
-# (English)
-# Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
-# http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
-#
-# "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
-# will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
-# zone ..."
-# Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
-# Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
-
-# Mazatlán
-Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
- -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
- -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
- -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
- -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
- -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
- -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
- -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
- -8:00 - PST 1970
- -7:00 Mexico M%sT
-
-# Bahía de Banderas
-Zone America/Bahia_Banderas -7:01:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
- -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
- -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
- -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
- -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
- -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
- -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
- -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
- -8:00 - PST 1970
- -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010 Apr 4 2:00
- -6:00 Mexico C%sT
-
-# Baja California
-Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56
- -7:00 - MST 1924
- -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
- -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15
- -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1
- -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30
- -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24
- -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
- -8:00 1:00 PPT 1945 Nov 12 # Peace
- -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5
- -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14
- -8:00 - PST 1954
- -8:00 CA P%sT 1961
- -8:00 - PST 1976
- -8:00 US P%sT 1996
- -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001
- -8:00 US P%sT 2002 Feb 20
- -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2010
- -8:00 US P%sT
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
-# America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
-# through 1995. This was as per Shanks (1999). But Shanks & Pottenger say
-# Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975. Guy Harris reports
-# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
-# Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
-# DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then. This concerns
-# data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
-# other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
-# name or contents should be.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-10-08):
-# Formerly there was an America/Santa_Isabel zone, but this appears to
-# have come from a misreading of
-# http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
-# It has been moved to the 'backward' file.
-#
-#
-# Revillagigedo Is
-# no information
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Anguilla
-# Antigua and Barbuda
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
-
-# Bahamas
-#
-# For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
-#
-# From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
-# The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
-# rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
-# http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
- -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
- -5:00 US E%sT
-
-# Barbados
-
-# For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
-Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
-Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
- -3:58:29 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
- -4:00 Barb A%sT
-
-# Belize
-# Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Belize 1918 1942 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0:30 -0530
-Rule Belize 1919 1943 - Feb Sun>=9 0:00 0 CST
-Rule Belize 1973 only - Dec 5 0:00 1:00 CDT
-Rule Belize 1974 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 CST
-Rule Belize 1982 only - Dec 18 0:00 1:00 CDT
-Rule Belize 1983 only - Feb 12 0:00 0 CST
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr
- -6:00 Belize %s
-
-# Bermuda
-
-# For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
-# Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that.
-
-# From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
-
-# Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
-# in March, until the first Sunday in November. And, after the Time Zone
-# (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
-# Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
-# http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
- -4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
- -4:00 Canada A%sT 1976
- -4:00 US A%sT
-
-# Cayman Is
-# See America/Panama.
-
-# Costa Rica
-
-# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
-Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D
-# IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
-# There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890 # San José
- -5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
- -6:00 CR C%sT
-# Coco
-# no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
-
-# Cuba
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
-# Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
-# for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
-# For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
-# The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
-# the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
-# the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
-# During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
-# "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
-# Time today." (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
-# sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
-# to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
-# returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
-# DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
-# years before. The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
-
-# From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
-# Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
-# says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
-# thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
-# to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
-# For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
-
-# From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
-# This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
-# adjustment in Cuba. We will stay in daylight saving time:
-# http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
-# An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
-# the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
-# http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
-# "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
-# watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
-# to the normal schedule....
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
-# <http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html>, dated yesterday,
-# says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
-# For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
-# except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
-# Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
-# earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
-#
-# He supplied these references:
-#
-# http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
-# http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
-#
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
-# Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
-#
-# Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
-# http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
-#
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
-# I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
-# Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
-# http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
-# a Cuban information station, and heard
-# the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
-# indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
-# It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
-# It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
-# http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
-#
-# Some more background information is posted here:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
-#
-# The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
-# while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
-# 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
-# observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
-# which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
-# change some historic records as well.
-#
-# One example:
-# http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
-# The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
-# web site, the Granma. Please check out
-# http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
-#
-# Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
-# will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
-# Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
-# According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
-# midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
-# not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
-#
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
-# (in Spanish)
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
-# I listened over the Internet to
-# http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
-# this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
-# the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
-# that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
-# Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
-# this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
-# changed at all).
-#
-# Source:
-# http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
-#
-# Our info:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
-# Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
-# tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
-#
-# One source (Spanish)
-# http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
-#
-# Our page:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
-# According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
-# 31 and April 1.
-#
-# Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
-# http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
-#
-# Our info on it:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
-# Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
-# to standard time on 2012-11-04:
-# http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
-# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
-# For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Cuba 1928 only - Jun 10 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1928 only - Oct 10 0:00 0 S
-Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Cuba 1965 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1965 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
-Rule Cuba 1966 only - May 29 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1966 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
-Rule Cuba 1967 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1967 1968 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
-Rule Cuba 1968 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1969 1977 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1969 1971 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
-Rule Cuba 1972 1974 - Oct 8 0:00 0 S
-Rule Cuba 1975 1977 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
-Rule Cuba 1978 only - May 7 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1978 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
-Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1990 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S
-Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S
-Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S
-Rule Cuba 1998 1999 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1998 2003 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
-Rule Cuba 2000 2003 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 2004 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 2006 2010 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
-Rule Cuba 2007 only - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 2008 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 2009 2010 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 2011 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 2011 only - Nov 13 0:00s 0 S
-Rule Cuba 2012 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 2012 max - Nov Sun>=1 0:00s 0 S
-Rule Cuba 2013 max - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
- -5:29:36 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
- -5:00 Cuba C%sT
-
-# Dominica
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
-
-# Dominican Republic
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
-# Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
-# time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
-# http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
-# That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
-
-# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
-# Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
-# November 28, 2000, with a new decree. On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
-# Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
-# Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future. The reason they
-# decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
-# to implement DST. When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
-# decided to revert.
-
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule DR 1966 only - Oct 30 0:00 1:00 EDT
-Rule DR 1967 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 EST
-Rule DR 1969 1973 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 -0430
-Rule DR 1970 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 EST
-Rule DR 1971 only - Jan 20 0:00 0 EST
-Rule DR 1972 1974 - Jan 21 0:00 0 EST
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890
- -4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
- -5:00 DR %s 1974 Oct 27
- -4:00 - AST 2000 Oct 29 2:00
- -5:00 US E%sT 2000 Dec 3 1:00
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# El Salvador
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Salv 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Salv 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
-# There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
-# instead of America/San_Salvador.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador
- -6:00 Salv C%sT
-
-# Grenada
-# Guadeloupe
-# St Barthélemy
-# St Martin (French part)
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
-
-# Guatemala
-#
-# From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
-# Diario Co Latino, at
-# <http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079>,
-# says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
-# decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
-# impact of the elevated cost of oil.... Daylight saving time will last from
-# 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
-# The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
-# (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00. See
-# http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Guat 1973 only - Nov 25 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S
-Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Guat 1983 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
-Rule Guat 1991 only - Mar 23 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
-Rule Guat 2006 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Guat 2006 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5
- -6:00 Guat C%sT
-
-# Haiti
-# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
-# Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
-# I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
-# on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
-# <http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc>. Translated from French, it says:
-#
-# "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
-# and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
-# Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
-# provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
-# Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
-#
-# "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
-# the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
-# starting at midnight. This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
-# October 2005.
-#
-# "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
-# I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
-# last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
-# "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
-# next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
-#
-# I have found this article about it (in French):
-# http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
-#
-# The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
-
-# From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
-# Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
-# According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
-# apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
-# So this means they have already changed their time.
-#
-# http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
-# http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
-#
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
-# The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
-# 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
-# Assume a US-style fall back as well.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
-# It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
-# as US/Canada. They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
-# are going to observe DST every year now...
-#
-# http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
-# http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-12):
-# Jean Antoine, editor of www.haiti-reference.com informed us that Haiti
-# are not going on DST this year. Several other resources confirm this: ...
-# https://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/presse/heure_d_t_pas_de_changement_d_heure_pr_vu_pour_cet_ann_e.html
-# https://www.vantbefinfo.com/changement-dheure-pas-pour-haiti/
-# http://news.anmwe.com/haiti-lheure-nationale-ne-sera-ni-avancee-ni-reculee-cette-annee/
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-03-12):
-# We have received 4 mails from different people telling that Haiti
-# has started DST again today, and this source seems to confirm that,
-# I have not been able to find a more authoritative source:
-# https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-20319-haiti-notices-time-change-in-haiti.html
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
-# Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
-# Go with IATA.
-Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S
-Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
-Rule Haiti 2012 2015 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Haiti 2012 2015 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
-Rule Haiti 2017 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Haiti 2017 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
- -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
- -5:00 Haiti E%sT
-
-# Honduras
-# Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
-# worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
-# saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
-# months until September. La Tribuna reported today
-# <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
-# of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
-# It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
-# 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
-# Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
-# http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
-# It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
-# Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
-# published, I have located this authoritative source:
-# http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
-# http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
-# So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Hond 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Hond 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
-Rule Hond 2006 only - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Hond 2006 only - Aug Mon>=1 0:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr
- -6:00 Hond C%sT
-#
-# Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
-
-# Jamaica
-# Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
-# unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
-# island". Go with Milne. Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but
-# Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5.
-# Assume Neita meant Jan 6 02:00, the same as the US. Neita also writes that
-# Manley's supporters associated this act with Manley's nickname "Joshua"
-# (recall that in the Bible the sun stood still at Joshua's request),
-# and with the Rod of Correction which Manley said he had received from
-# Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia. See:
-# Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
-# http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:11 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
- -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
- -5:00 - EST 1974
- -5:00 US E%sT 1984
- -5:00 - EST
-
-# Martinique
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France
- -4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT
- -4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6
- -4:00 1:00 ADT 1980 Sep 28
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# Montserrat
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
-
-# Nicaragua
-#
-# This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
-# I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
-# DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
-# expensive petroleum. The exact end date for DST is not yet
-# announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
-# Some background information is available on the President's official site:
-# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
-# The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
-# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
-# The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
-# assume that it is daylight saving....
-#
-# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
-# The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
-# http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
-# and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
-# time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
-# during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
-# The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
-# since December 1998. I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
-# changes in 2000. Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
-# the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
-#
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
-# Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
-# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
-# (2005-09-26)
-#
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
-# http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
-# (my informal translation)
-# By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
-# advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
-# morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
-#
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
-# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
-# My informal translation runs:
-# The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
-# time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S
-Rule Nic 2005 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Nic 2005 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Nic 2006 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Nic 2006 only - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890
- -5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
- -6:00 - CST 1973 May
- -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16
- -6:00 Nic C%sT 1992 Jan 1 4:00
- -5:00 - EST 1992 Sep 24
- -6:00 - CST 1993
- -5:00 - EST 1997
- -6:00 Nic C%sT
-
-# Panama
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
- -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
- -5:00 - EST
-Link America/Panama America/Cayman
-
-# Puerto Rico
-# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
- -4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
- -4:00 US A%sT 1946
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# St Kitts-Nevis
-# St Lucia
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
-
-# St Pierre and Miquelon
-# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
- -4:00 - AST 1980 May
- -3:00 - -03 1987
- -3:00 Canada -03/-02
-
-# St Vincent and the Grenadines
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
-
-# Turks and Caicos
-#
-# From Chris Dunn in
-# https://bugs.debian.org/415007
-# (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
-# daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
-# the recent U.S. change of dates.
-#
-# From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
-# http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
-# there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
-# rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
-# "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
-# Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
-# indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
-# The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UT -04 year-round. See:
-# http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
-# Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
-# From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
-# ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to
-# "permanent daylight saving time" by one year....
-# http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm
-#
-# From the Turks & Caicos Cabinet (2017-07-20), heads-up from Steffen Thorsen:
-# ... agreed to the reintroduction in TCI of Daylight Saving Time (DST)
-# during the summer months and Standard Time, also known as Local
-# Time, during the winter months with effect from April 2018 ...
-# https://www.gov.uk/government/news/turks-and-caicos-post-cabinet-meeting-statement--3
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-26):
-# The date of effect of the spring 2018 change appears to be March 11,
-# which makes more sense. See: Hamilton D. Time change back
-# by March 2018 for TCI. Magnetic Media. 2017-08-25.
-# http://magneticmediatv.com/2017/08/time-change-back-by-march-2018-for-tci/
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
- -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
- -5:00 - EST 1979
- -5:00 US E%sT 2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00
- -4:00 - AST 2018 Mar 11 3:00
- -5:00 US E%sT
-
-# British Virgin Is
-# Virgin Is
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
-
-
-# Local Variables:
-# coding: utf-8
-# End:
+++ /dev/null
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1989-04-05):
-# On 1989-04-05, the U. S. House of Representatives passed (238-154) a bill
-# establishing "Pacific Presidential Election Time"; it was not acted on
-# by the Senate or signed into law by the President.
-# You might want to change the "PE" (Presidential Election) below to
-# "Q" (Quadrennial) to maintain three-character zone abbreviations.
-# If you're really conservative, you might want to change it to "D".
-# Avoid "L" (Leap Year), which won't be true in 2100.
-
-# If Presidential Election Time is ever established, replace "XXXX" below
-# with the year the law takes effect and uncomment the "##" lines.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-## Rule Twilite XXXX max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-## Rule Twilite XXXX max uspres Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 PE
-## Rule Twilite XXXX max uspres Nov Sun>=7 2:00 0 S
-## Rule Twilite XXXX max nonpres Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
-## Zone America/Los_Angeles-PET -8:00 US P%sT XXXX
-## -8:00 Twilite P%sT
-
-# For now...
-Link America/Los_Angeles US/Pacific-New ##
+++ /dev/null
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
-# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
-# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-05):
-#
-# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
-# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
-# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
-#
-# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
-# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
-# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
-# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
-# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
-#
-# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
-# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
-#
-# These tables use numeric abbreviations like -03 and -0330 for
-# integer hour and minute UTC offsets. Although earlier editions used
-# alphabetic time zone abbreviations, these abbreviations were
-# invented and did not reflect common practice.
-
-###############################################################################
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Argentina
-
-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
-# Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
-# Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974. Switches at midnight.
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-19):
-# ARGENTINA 3 H BEHIND UTC
-
-# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
-# I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table...
-# AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Arg 1930 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Arg 1931 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Arg 1931 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Arg 1932 1940 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Arg 1932 1939 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Arg 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Arg 1941 only - Jun 15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Arg 1941 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Arg 1943 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Arg 1943 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Arg 1946 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Arg 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Arg 1963 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Arg 1963 only - Dec 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Arg 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Arg 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Arg 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Arg 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Arg 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Arg 1988 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
-#
-# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
-# These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
-# obtaining the data from the:
-# Talleres de Hidrografía Naval Argentina
-# (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
-Rule Arg 1989 1993 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Arg 1989 1992 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
-#
-# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
-# From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving
-# time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
-# to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
-#
-# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
-# On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time,
-# which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours
-# from the International Date Line.
-Rule Arg 1999 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-12-28):
-# DST was set to expire on March 5, not March 3, but since it was converted
-# to standard time on March 3 it's more convenient for us to pretend that
-# it ended on March 3.
-Rule Arg 2000 only - Mar 3 0:00 0 -
-#
-# From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
-# We just checked with our São Paulo office and they say the government of
-# Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
-# So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
-#
-# From Fabián L. Arce Jofré (2000-04-04):
-# The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
-# de la Rúa on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
-# in the winter time, rather than less. The change took effect on March 3.
-#
-# From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
-# one of the major newspapers here in Argentina said that the 1999
-# Timezone Law (which never was effectively applied) will (would?) be
-# in effect.... The article is at
-# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-06/e-01701.htm
-# ... The Law itself is "Ley No. 25155", sanctioned on 1999-08-25, enacted
-# 1999-09-17, and published 1999-09-21. The official publication is at:
-# http://www.boletin.jus.gov.ar/BON/Primera/1999/09-Septiembre/21/PDF/BO21-09-99LEG.PDF
-# Regretfully, you have to subscribe (and pay) for the on-line version....
-#
-# (2001-06-12):
-# the timezone for Argentina will not change next Sunday.
-# Apparently it will do so on Sunday 24th....
-# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-12/s-03501.htm
-#
-# (2001-06-25):
-# Last Friday (yes, the last working day before the date of the change), the
-# Senate annulled the 1999 law that introduced the changes later postponed.
-# http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/2001-06-22/s-03601.htm
-# It remains the vote of the Deputies..., but it will be the same....
-# This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina.
-# We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country.
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-12-21):
-# A user (Leonardo Chaim) reported that Argentina will adopt DST....
-# all of the country (all Zone-entries) are affected. News reports like
-# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/opinion/nota.asp?nota_id=973037 indicate
-# that Argentina will use DST next year as well, from October to
-# March, although exact rules are not given.
-#
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
-# The last hurdle of Argentina DST is over, the proposal was approved in
-# the lower chamber too (Diputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
-# By the way thanks to Mariano Absatz and Daniel Mario Vega for the link to
-# the original scanned proposal, where the dates and the zero hours are
-# clear and unambiguous...This is the article about final approval:
-# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nota.asp?nota_id=973996
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-12-22):
-# For dates after mid-2008, the following rules are my guesses and
-# are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-09-05):
-# As per message from Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz (Nicaragua),
-# Argentina will start DST on Sunday October 19, 2008.
-#
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina03.html
-# http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=57832 (in spanish)
-
-# From Juan Manuel Docile in https://bugs.gentoo.org/240339 (2008-10-07)
-# via Rodrigo Severo:
-# Argentinian law No. 25.155 is no longer valid.
-# http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/60000-64999/60036/norma.htm
-# The new one is law No. 26.350
-# http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/135000-139999/136191/norma.htm
-# So there is no summer time in Argentina for now.
-
-# From Mariano Absatz (2008-10-20):
-# Decree 1693/2008 applies Law 26.350 for the summer 2008/2009 establishing DST
-# in Argentina from 2008-10-19 until 2009-03-15.
-# http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=16102008&pi=3&pf=4&s=0&sec=01
-#
-
-# Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer
-# 2008/2009: Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La
-# Pampa, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego
-# http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=17102008&pi=1&pf=1&s=0&sec=01
-#
-# Press release 235 dated Saturday October 18th, from the Government of the
-# Province of Jujuy saying it will not apply DST either (even when it was not
-# included in Decree 1705/2008).
-# http://www.jujuy.gov.ar/index2/partes_prensa/18_10_08/235-181008.doc
-
-# From fullinet (2009-10-18):
-# As announced in
-# http://www.argentina.gob.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=356
-# (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora"
-# (English: "No hour change").
-#
-# "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvió no modificar la hora
-# oficial, decisión que estaba en estudio para su implementación el
-# domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificación se anunció
-# que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorológicas, no necesita
-# la modificación del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
-# crecimiento en la producción y distribución energética."
-
-Rule Arg 2007 only - Dec 30 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Arg 2008 2009 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
-
-# From Mariano Absatz (2004-05-21):
-# Today it was officially published that the Province of Mendoza is changing
-# its timezone this winter... starting tomorrow night....
-# http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040521-27158-normas.pdf
-# From Paul Eggert (2004-05-24):
-# It's Law No. 7,210. This change is due to a public power emergency, so for
-# now we'll assume it's for this year only.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-09):
-# Hora de verano para la República Argentina
-# http://buenasiembra.com.ar/esoterismo/astrologia/hora-de-verano-de-la-republica-argentina-27.html
-# says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
-# to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25. Go with this more-precise value
-# over Shanks & Pottenger.
-#
-# From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-05):
-# These media articles from a major newspaper mostly cover the current state:
-# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/27/de_604825.asp
-# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/28/de_605203.asp
-#
-# The following eight (8) provinces pulled clocks back to UTC-04:00 at
-# midnight Monday May 31st. (that is, the night between 05/31 and 06/01).
-# Apparently, all nine provinces would go back to UTC-03:00 at the same
-# time in October 17th.
-#
-# Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz,
-# Tierra del Fuego, Tucumán.
-#
-# From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14):
-# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucumán decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
-# yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's
-# annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained....
-#
-# From Gwillim Law (2004-06-14):
-# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/06/10/de_609078.asp ...
-# "The time change in Tierra del Fuego was a conflicted decision from
-# the start. The government had decreed that the measure would take
-# effect on June 1, but a normative error forced the new time to begin
-# three days earlier, from a Saturday to a Sunday....
-# Our understanding was that the change was originally scheduled to take place
-# on June 1 at 00:00 in Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego (and some other
-# provinces). Sunday was May 30, only two days earlier. So the article
-# contains a contradiction. I would give more credence to the Saturday/Sunday
-# date than the "three days earlier" phrase, and conclude that Tierra del
-# Fuego set its clocks back at 2004-05-30 00:00.
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-05):
-# The previous law 7210 which changed the province of Mendoza's time zone
-# back in May have been modified slightly in a new law 7277, which set the
-# new end date to 2004-09-26 (original date was 2004-10-17).
-# http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040924-27244-normas.pdf
-#
-# From Mariano Absatz (2004-10-05):
-# San Juan changed from UTC-03:00 to UTC-04:00 at midnight between
-# Sunday, May 30th and Monday, May 31st. It changed back to UTC-03:00
-# at midnight between Saturday, July 24th and Sunday, July 25th....
-# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000329.html
-# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000426.html
-# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000441.html
-
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-01-17):
-# Here are articles that Argentina Province San Luis is planning to end DST
-# as earlier as upcoming Monday January 21, 2008 or February 2008:
-#
-# Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del país
-# (Argentine Province delayed clock and mark difference with the rest of the
-# country)
-# http://cl.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200801171849_EFE_ET4373&idtel
-#
-# Es inminente que en San Luis atrasen una hora los relojes
-# (It is imminent in San Luis clocks one hour delay)
-# https://www.lagaceta.com.ar/nota/253414/Economia/Es-inminente-que-en-San-Luis-atrasen-una-hora-los-relojes.html
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina02.html
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
-# The page of the San Luis provincial government
-# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=0&id=22812
-# confirms what Alex Krivenyshev has earlier sent to the tz
-# emailing list about that San Luis plans to return to standard
-# time much earlier than the rest of the country. It also
-# confirms that upon request the provinces San Juan and Mendoza
-# refused to follow San Luis in this change.
-#
-# The change is supposed to take place Monday the 21st at 0:00
-# hours. As far as I understand it if this goes ahead, we need
-# a new timezone for San Luis (although there are also documented
-# independent changes in the southamerica file of San Luis in
-# 1990 and 1991 which has not been confirmed).
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
-# Unfortunately the below page has become defunct, about the San Luis
-# time change. Perhaps because it now is part of a group of pages "Most
-# important pages of 2008."
-#
-# You can use
-# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=8141&id=22834
-# instead it seems. Or use "Buscador" from the main page of the San Luis
-# government, and fill in "huso" and click OK, and you will get 3 pages
-# from which the first one is identical to the above.
-
-# From Mariano Absatz (2008-01-28):
-# I can confirm that the Province of San Luis (and so far only that
-# province) decided to go back to UTC-3 effective midnight Jan 20th 2008
-# (that is, Monday 21st at 0:00 is the time the clocks were delayed back
-# 1 hour), and they intend to keep UTC-3 as their timezone all year round
-# (that is, unless they change their mind any minute now).
-#
-# So we'll have to add yet another city to 'southamerica' (I think San
-# Luis city is the mos populated city in the Province, so it'd be
-# America/Argentina/San_Luis... of course I can't remember if San Luis's
-# history of particular changes goes along with Mendoza or San Juan :-(
-# (I only remember not being able to collect hard facts about San Luis
-# back in 2004, when these provinces changed to UTC-4 for a few days, I
-# mailed them personally and never got an answer).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
-# Unless otherwise specified, data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger through
-# 1992, from the IATA otherwise. As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that
-# America/Cordoba split into 6 subregions during 1991/1992, one of which
-# was America/San_Luis, but we haven't verified this yet so for now we'll
-# keep America/Cordoba a single region rather than splitting it into the
-# other 5 subregions.
-
-# From Mariano Absatz (2009-03-13):
-# Yesterday (with our usual 2-day notice) the Province of San Luis
-# decided that next Sunday instead of "staying" @utc-03:00 they will go
-# to utc-04:00 until the second Saturday in October...
-#
-# The press release is at
-# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/SL/Paginas/NoticiaDetalle.asp?TemaId=1&InfoPrensaId=3102
-# (I couldn't find the decree, but www.sanluis.gov.ar
-# is the official page for the Province Government.)
-#
-# There's also a note in only one of the major national papers ...
-# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1107912
-#
-# The press release says [quick and dirty translation]:
-# ... announced that next Sunday, at 00:00, Puntanos (the San Luis
-# inhabitants) will have to turn back one hour their clocks
-#
-# Since then, San Luis will establish its own Province timezone. Thus,
-# during 2009, this timezone change will run from 00:00 the third Sunday
-# in March until 24:00 of the second Saturday in October.
-
-# From Mariano Absatz (2009-10-16):
-# ...the Province of San Luis is a case in itself.
-#
-# The Law at
-# http://www.diputadossanluis.gov.ar/diputadosasp/paginas/verNorma.asp?NormaID=276
-# is ambiguous because establishes a calendar from the 2nd Sunday in
-# October at 0:00 thru the 2nd Saturday in March at 24:00 and the
-# complement of that starting on the 2nd Sunday of March at 0:00 and
-# ending on the 2nd Saturday of March at 24:00.
-#
-# This clearly breaks every time the 1st of March or October is a Sunday.
-#
-# IMHO, the "spirit of the Law" is to make the changes at 0:00 on the 2nd
-# Sunday of October and March.
-#
-# The problem is that the changes in the rest of the Provinces that did
-# change in 2007/2008, were made according to the Federal Law and Decrees
-# that did so on the 3rd Sunday of October and March.
-#
-# In fact, San Luis actually switched from UTC-4 to UTC-3 last Sunday
-# (October 11th) at 0:00.
-#
-# So I guess a new set of rules, besides "Arg", must be made and the last
-# America/Argentina/San_Luis entries should change to use these...
-# ...
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-09):
-# According to news reports from El Diario de la República Province San
-# Luis, Argentina (standard time UTC-04) will keep Daylight Saving Time
-# after April 11, 2010 - will continue to have same time as rest of
-# Argentina (UTC-3) (no DST).
-#
-# Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
-# http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9
-# or (some English translation):
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina08.html
-
-# From Mariano Absatz (2010-04-12):
-# yes...I can confirm this...and given that San Luis keeps calling
-# UTC-03:00 "summer time", we should't just let San Luis go back to "Arg"
-# rules...San Luis is still using "Western ARgentina Time" and it got
-# stuck on Summer daylight savings time even though the summer is over.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-05):
-# Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at -04
-# with perpetual summer time, but ordinary usage typically seems to
-# just say it's at -03; see, for example,
-# https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_oficial_argentina
-# We've documented similar situations as being plain changes to
-# standard time, so let's do that here too. This does not change UTC
-# offsets, only tm_isdst and the time zone abbreviations. One minor
-# plus is that this silences a zic complaint that there's no POSIX TZ
-# setting for time stamps past 2038.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
-# Milne says Córdoba time was -4:16:48.2. Round to the nearest second.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-#
-# Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
-Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Córdoba Mean Time
- -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02
-#
-# Córdoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
-# Chaco (CC), Formosa (FM), Santiago del Estero (SE)
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger also make the following claims, which we haven't verified:
-# - Formosa switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-07.
-# - Misiones switched to -3:00 on 1990-12-29.
-# - Chaco switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-04.
-# - Santiago del Estero switched to -4:00 on 1991-04-01,
-# then to -3:00 on 1991-04-26.
-#
-Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
- -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 3
- -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 20
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02
-#
-# Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
-Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
- -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 3
- -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 20
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Oct 18
- -3:00 - -03
-#
-# Tucumán (TM)
-Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
- -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 3
- -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 20
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
- -3:00 - -03 2004 Jun 1
- -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 13
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02
-#
-# La Rioja (LR)
-Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
- -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 1
- -4:00 - -04 1991 May 7
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
- -3:00 - -03 2004 Jun 1
- -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 20
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Oct 18
- -3:00 - -03
-#
-# San Juan (SJ)
-Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
- -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 1
- -4:00 - -04 1991 May 7
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
- -3:00 - -03 2004 May 31
- -4:00 - -04 2004 Jul 25
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Oct 18
- -3:00 - -03
-#
-# Jujuy (JY)
-Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
- -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1990 Mar 4
- -4:00 - -04 1990 Oct 28
- -4:00 1:00 -03 1991 Mar 17
- -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 6
- -3:00 1:00 -02 1992
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Oct 18
- -3:00 - -03
-#
-# Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
-Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
- -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 3
- -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 20
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
- -3:00 - -03 2004 Jun 1
- -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 20
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Oct 18
- -3:00 - -03
-#
-# Mendoza (MZ)
-Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
- -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1990 Mar 4
- -4:00 - -04 1990 Oct 15
- -4:00 1:00 -03 1991 Mar 1
- -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 15
- -4:00 1:00 -03 1992 Mar 1
- -4:00 - -04 1992 Oct 18
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
- -3:00 - -03 2004 May 23
- -4:00 - -04 2004 Sep 26
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Oct 18
- -3:00 - -03
-#
-# San Luis (SL)
-
-Rule SanLuis 2008 2009 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00 0 -
-Rule SanLuis 2007 2008 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
-
-Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
- -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1990
- -3:00 1:00 -02 1990 Mar 14
- -4:00 - -04 1990 Oct 15
- -4:00 1:00 -03 1991 Mar 1
- -4:00 - -04 1991 Jun 1
- -3:00 - -03 1999 Oct 3
- -4:00 1:00 -03 2000 Mar 3
- -3:00 - -03 2004 May 31
- -4:00 - -04 2004 Jul 25
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Jan 21
- -4:00 SanLuis -04/-03 2009 Oct 11
- -3:00 - -03
-#
-# Santa Cruz (SC)
-Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
- -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
- -3:00 - -03 2004 Jun 1
- -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 20
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Oct 18
- -3:00 - -03
-#
-# Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF)
-Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
- -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
- -3:00 - -03 2004 May 30
- -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 20
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 2008 Oct 18
- -3:00 - -03
-
-# Aruba
-Link America/Curacao America/Aruba
-
-# Bolivia
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
- -4:32:36 - CMT 1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
- -4:32:36 1:00 BOST 1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
- -4:00 - -04
-
-# Brazil
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
-# The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
-# just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
-# The rule change lasted only part of the day;
-# the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business
-# was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon.
-
-# From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
-# _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
-# Santa Catarina (SC), Paraná (PR), São Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
-# Espírito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goiás (GO),
-# Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
-# [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
-
-# From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
-# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goiás until 1989), and other
-# sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
-# always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
-# The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91. Each issue from then until
-# 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95,
-# along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2
-# (UTC-4).... The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is
-# UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is
-# UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's
-# become part of the state of Pernambuco). The boundary between BR1 and BR2
-# has never been clearly stated. They've simply been called East and West.
-# However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
-# Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil. For each
-# airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM. From that
-# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapá (AP), Ceará (CE),
-# Maranhão (MA), Paraíba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piauí (PI), and Rio Grande do
-# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Pará (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
-
-# From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
-# Brazilian official page <http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html>
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard (2000-11-03):
-# [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
-# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
-# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm
-
-# From Celso Doria via David Madeo (2002-10-09):
-# The reason for the delay this year has to do with elections in Brazil.
-#
-# Unlike in the United States, elections in Brazil are 100% computerized and
-# the results are known almost immediately. Yesterday, it was the first
-# round of the elections when 115 million Brazilians voted for President,
-# Governor, Senators, Federal Deputies, and State Deputies. Nobody is
-# counting (or re-counting) votes anymore and we know there will be a second
-# round for the Presidency and also for some Governors. The 2nd round will
-# take place on October 27th.
-#
-# The reason why the DST will only begin November 3rd is that the thousands
-# of electoral machines used cannot have their time changed, and since the
-# Constitution says the elections must begin at 8:00 AM and end at 5:00 PM,
-# the Government decided to postpone DST, instead of changing the Constitution
-# (maybe, for the next elections, it will be possible to change the clock)...
-
-# From Rodrigo Severo (2004-10-04):
-# It's just the biannual change made necessary by the much hyped, supposedly
-# modern Brazilian eletronic voting machines which, apparently, can't deal
-# with a time change between the first and the second rounds of the elections.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-20):
-# Brazil will start DST on 2007-10-14 00:00 and end on 2008-02-17 00:00:
-# http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do;jsessionid=BBA06811AFCAAC28F0285210913513DA?newsId=13975
-
-# From Paul Schulze (2008-06-24):
-# ...by law number 11.662 of April 24, 2008 (published in the "Diario
-# Oficial da União"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
-# effective today (00:00am at June 24, 2008) as follows:
-#
-# a) The timezone UTC+5 is extinguished, with all the Acre state and the
-# part of the Amazonas state that had this timezone now being put to the
-# timezone UTC+4
-# b) The whole Pará state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
-# part of it, as was before.
-#
-# This change follows a proposal of senator Tiao Viana of Acre state, that
-# proposed it due to concerns about open television channels displaying
-# programs inappropriate to youths in the states that had the timezone
-# UTC+5 too early in the night. In the occasion, some more corrections
-# were proposed, trying to unify the timezones of any given state. This
-# change modifies timezone rules defined in decree 2.784 of 18 June,
-# 1913.
-
-# From Rodrigo Severo (2008-06-24):
-# Just correcting the URL:
-# https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=do&secao=1&pagina=1&data=25/04/2008
-#
-# As a result of the above Decree I believe the America/Rio_Branco
-# timezone shall be modified from UTC-5 to UTC-4 and a new timezone shall
-# be created to represent the...west side of the Pará State. I
-# suggest this new timezone be called Santarem as the most
-# important/populated city in the affected area.
-#
-# This new timezone would be the same as the Rio_Branco timezone up to
-# the 2008/06/24 change which would be to UTC-3 instead of UTC-4.
-
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-24):
-# This is a quick reference page for New and Old Brazil Time Zones map.
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/brazil-time-new-old.php
-#
-# - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones - eliminating time zone UTC-05
-# (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT-04) - western
-# part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC-03 (from UTC-04).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
-# The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
-# Decretos sobre o Horário de Verão no Brasil.
-# http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-29):
-# As announced by the government and many newspapers in Brazil late
-# yesterday, Brazil will start DST on 2008-10-19 (need to change rule) and
-# it will end on 2009-02-15 (current rule for Brazil is fine). Based on
-# past years experience with the elections, there was a good chance that
-# the start was postponed to November, but it did not happen this year.
-#
-# It has not yet been posted to http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
-#
-# An official page about it:
-# http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do?newsId=16722
-# Note that this link does not always work directly, but must be accessed
-# by going to
-# http://www.mme.gov.br/first
-#
-# One example link that works directly:
-# http://jornale.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13530&Itemid=54
-# (Portuguese)
-#
-# We have a written a short article about it as well:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html
-#
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-04):
-# State Bahia will return to Daylight savings time this year after 8 years off.
-# The announcement was made by Governor Jaques Wagner in an interview to a
-# television station in Salvador.
-
-# In Portuguese:
-# http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2011/10/governador-jaques-wagner-confirma-horario-de-verao-na-bahia.html
-# https://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI5390887-EI8139,00-Bahia+volta+a+ter+horario+de+verao+apos+oito+anos.html
-
-# From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-07):
-# There is news in the media, however there is still no decree about it.
-# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
-# official agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is
-# still in force.
-
-# From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-14)
-# It's official, the President signed a decree that includes Bahia in summer
-# time.
-# [ and in a second message (same day): ]
-# I found the decree.
-#
-# DECRETO No. 7.584, DE 13 DE OUTUBRO DE 2011
-# Link :
-# http://www.in.gov.br/visualiza/index.jsp?data=13/10/2011&jornal=1000&pagina=6&totalArquivos=6
-
-# From Kelley Cook (2012-10-16):
-# The governor of state of Bahia in Brazil announced on Thursday that
-# due to public pressure, he is reversing the DST policy they implemented
-# last year and will not be going to Summer Time on October 21st....
-# http://www.correio24horas.com.br/r/artigo/apos-pressoes-wagner-suspende-horario-de-verao-na-bahia
-
-# From Rodrigo Severo (2012-10-16):
-# Tocantins state will have DST.
-# https://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI6232536-EI306.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-20):
-# Tocantins in Brazil is very likely not to observe DST from October....
-# http://conexaoto.com.br/2013/09/18/ministerio-confirma-que-tocantins-esta-fora-do-horario-de-verao-em-2013-mas-falta-publicacao-de-decreto
-# We will keep this article updated when this is confirmed:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-starts-dst-2013.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-10-17):
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/acre-amazonas-change-time-zone.html
-# Senator Jorge Viana announced that Acre will change time zone on November 10.
-# He did not specify the time of the change, nor if western parts of Amazonas
-# will change as well.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-17):
-# For now, assume western Amazonas will change as well.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# Decree 20,466 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm> (1931-10-01)
-# Decree 21,896 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm> (1932-01-10)
-Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1:00 S
-Rule Brazil 1932 1933 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 1932 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 S
-# Decree 23,195 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm> (1933-10-10)
-# revoked DST.
-# Decree 27,496 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm> (1949-11-24)
-# Decree 27,998 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm> (1950-04-13)
-Rule Brazil 1949 1952 - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Brazil 1950 only - Apr 16 1:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 1951 1952 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-# Decree 32,308 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm> (1953-02-24)
-Rule Brazil 1953 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
-# Decree 34,724 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm> (1953-11-30)
-# revoked DST.
-# Decree 52,700 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm> (1963-10-18)
-# established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
-# in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
-# Decree 53,071 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm> (1963-12-03)
-# extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
-Rule Brazil 1963 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 S
-# Decree 53,604 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm> (1964-02-25)
-# extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
-Rule Brazil 1964 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
-# Decree 55,639 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm> (1965-01-27)
-Rule Brazil 1965 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Brazil 1965 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 -
-# Decree 57,303 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm> (1965-11-22)
-Rule Brazil 1965 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
-# Decree 57,843 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm> (1966-02-18)
-Rule Brazil 1966 1968 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 1966 1967 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
-# Decree 63,429 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm> (1968-10-15)
-# revoked DST.
-# Decree 91,698 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm> (1985-09-27)
-Rule Brazil 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
-# Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
-# Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
-Rule Brazil 1986 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 -
-# Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
-Rule Brazil 1986 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Brazil 1987 only - Feb 14 0:00 0 -
-# Decree 94,922 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm> (1987-09-22)
-Rule Brazil 1987 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Brazil 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 -
-# Decree 96,676 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm> (1988-09-12)
-# except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
-Rule Brazil 1988 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Brazil 1989 only - Jan 29 0:00 0 -
-# Decree 98,077 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm> (1989-08-21)
-# with the same exceptions
-Rule Brazil 1989 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Brazil 1990 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
-# Decree 99,530 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm> (1990-09-17)
-# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
-# Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
-Rule Brazil 1990 only - Oct 21 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Brazil 1991 only - Feb 17 0:00 0 -
-# Unnumbered decree <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm> (1991-09-25)
-# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
-Rule Brazil 1991 only - Oct 20 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Brazil 1992 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 -
-# Unnumbered decree <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm> (1992-10-16)
-# adopted by same states.
-Rule Brazil 1992 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 -
-# Decree 942 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm> (1993-09-28)
-# adopted by same states, plus AM.
-# Decree 1,252 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm> (1994-09-22;
-# web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM.
-# Decree 1,636 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1636.htm> (1995-09-14)
-# adopted by same states, plus MT and TO.
-# Decree 1,674 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm> (1995-10-13)
-# adds AL, SE.
-Rule Brazil 1993 1995 - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 1996 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
-# Decree 2,000 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm> (1996-09-04)
-# adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
-Rule Brazil 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Brazil 1997 only - Feb 16 0:00 0 -
-# From Daniel C. Sobral (1998-02-12):
-# In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
-# because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
-# they bought the wrong times on satellite for coverage of Pope's visit.
-# This year, the ending date of DS was postponed to March 1
-# to help dealing with the shortages of electric power.
-#
-# Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
-Rule Brazil 1997 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
-# Decree 2,495 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG>
-# (1998-02-10)
-Rule Brazil 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
-# Decree 2,780 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg> (1998-09-11)
-# adopted by the same states as before.
-Rule Brazil 1998 only - Oct 11 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Brazil 1999 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 -
-# Decree 3,150 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3150.gif>
-# (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
-# Decree 3,188 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV99.gif> (1999-09-30)
-# adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
-Rule Brazil 1999 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Brazil 2000 only - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
-# Decree 3,592 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DEC3592.htm> (2000-09-06)
-# adopted by the same states as before.
-# Decree 3,630 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3630.jpg> (2000-10-13)
-# repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
-# Decree 3,632 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3632.jpg> (2000-10-17)
-# repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
-# Decree 3,916 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3916.gif>
-# (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
-Rule Brazil 2000 2001 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Brazil 2001 2006 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
-# Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
-# 4,399 <http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2002/D4399.htm>
-Rule Brazil 2002 only - Nov 3 0:00 1:00 S
-# Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
-# 4,844 <http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2003/D4844.htm>
-Rule Brazil 2003 only - Oct 19 0:00 1:00 S
-# Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT.
-# 5,223 <http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2004-2006/2004/Decreto/D5223.htm>
-Rule Brazil 2004 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
-# Decree 5,539 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5539.gif> (2005-09-19),
-# adopted by the same states as before.
-Rule Brazil 2005 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 S
-# Decree 5,920 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5920.gif> (2006-10-03),
-# adopted by the same states as before.
-Rule Brazil 2006 only - Nov 5 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Brazil 2007 only - Feb 25 0:00 0 -
-# Decree 6,212 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV6212.gif> (2007-09-26),
-# adopted by the same states as before.
-Rule Brazil 2007 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
-# From Frederico A. C. Neves (2008-09-10):
-# According to this decree
-# http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6558.htm
-# [t]he DST period in Brazil now on will be from the 3rd Oct Sunday to the
-# 3rd Feb Sunday. There is an exception on the return date when this is
-# the Carnival Sunday then the return date will be the next Sunday...
-Rule Brazil 2008 max - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Brazil 2008 2011 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2012 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2013 2014 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2015 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2016 2022 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2023 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2024 2025 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2026 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2027 2033 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2034 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2035 2036 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Brazil 2037 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-09-29):
-# The next is wrong in some years but is better than nothing.
-Rule Brazil 2038 max - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
-
-# The latest ruleset listed above says that the following states observe DST:
-# DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-#
-# Fernando de Noronha (administratively part of PE)
-Zone America/Noronha -2:09:40 - LMT 1914
- -2:00 Brazil -02/-01 1990 Sep 17
- -2:00 - -02 1999 Sep 30
- -2:00 Brazil -02/-01 2000 Oct 15
- -2:00 - -02 2001 Sep 13
- -2:00 Brazil -02/-01 2002 Oct 1
- -2:00 - -02
-# Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
-# These include Trindade and Martim Vaz (administratively part of ES),
-# Rocas Atoll (RN), and the St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (PE).
-# Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01;
-# it also included the Penedos.
-#
-# Amapá (AP), east Pará (PA)
-# East Pará includes Belém, Marabá, Serra Norte, and São Félix do Xingu.
-# The division between east and west Pará is the river Xingu.
-# In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
-# the border with Amapá) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
-Zone America/Belem -3:13:56 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 1988 Sep 12
- -3:00 - -03
-#
-# west Pará (PA)
-# West Pará includes Altamira, Óbidos, Prainha, Oriximiná, and Santarém.
-Zone America/Santarem -3:38:48 - LMT 1914
- -4:00 Brazil -04/-03 1988 Sep 12
- -4:00 - -04 2008 Jun 24 0:00
- -3:00 - -03
-#
-# Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
-# Paraíba (PB)
-Zone America/Fortaleza -2:34:00 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 1990 Sep 17
- -3:00 - -03 1999 Sep 30
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2000 Oct 22
- -3:00 - -03 2001 Sep 13
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2002 Oct 1
- -3:00 - -03
-#
-# Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands)
-Zone America/Recife -2:19:36 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 1990 Sep 17
- -3:00 - -03 1999 Sep 30
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2000 Oct 15
- -3:00 - -03 2001 Sep 13
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2002 Oct 1
- -3:00 - -03
-#
-# Tocantins (TO)
-Zone America/Araguaina -3:12:48 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 1990 Sep 17
- -3:00 - -03 1995 Sep 14
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2003 Sep 24
- -3:00 - -03 2012 Oct 21
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2013 Sep
- -3:00 - -03
-#
-# Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
-Zone America/Maceio -2:22:52 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 1990 Sep 17
- -3:00 - -03 1995 Oct 13
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 1996 Sep 4
- -3:00 - -03 1999 Sep 30
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2000 Oct 22
- -3:00 - -03 2001 Sep 13
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2002 Oct 1
- -3:00 - -03
-#
-# Bahia (BA)
-# There are too many Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/Bahia instead
-# of America/Salvador.
-Zone America/Bahia -2:34:04 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2003 Sep 24
- -3:00 - -03 2011 Oct 16
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 2012 Oct 21
- -3:00 - -03
-#
-# Goiás (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
-# Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR),
-# Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
-Zone America/Sao_Paulo -3:06:28 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02 1963 Oct 23 0:00
- -3:00 1:00 -02 1964
- -3:00 Brazil -03/-02
-#
-# Mato Grosso do Sul (MS)
-Zone America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 - LMT 1914
- -4:00 Brazil -04/-03
-#
-# Mato Grosso (MT)
-Zone America/Cuiaba -3:44:20 - LMT 1914
- -4:00 Brazil -04/-03 2003 Sep 24
- -4:00 - -04 2004 Oct 1
- -4:00 Brazil -04/-03
-#
-# Rondônia (RO)
-Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 - LMT 1914
- -4:00 Brazil -04/-03 1988 Sep 12
- -4:00 - -04
-#
-# Roraima (RR)
-Zone America/Boa_Vista -4:02:40 - LMT 1914
- -4:00 Brazil -04/-03 1988 Sep 12
- -4:00 - -04 1999 Sep 30
- -4:00 Brazil -04/-03 2000 Oct 15
- -4:00 - -04
-#
-# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutaí, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
-# The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
-# east from west Amazonas.
-Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914
- -4:00 Brazil -04/-03 1988 Sep 12
- -4:00 - -04 1993 Sep 28
- -4:00 Brazil -04/-03 1994 Sep 22
- -4:00 - -04
-#
-# west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
-# Eirunepé, Envira, Ipixuna
-Zone America/Eirunepe -4:39:28 - LMT 1914
- -5:00 Brazil -05/-04 1988 Sep 12
- -5:00 - -05 1993 Sep 28
- -5:00 Brazil -05/-04 1994 Sep 22
- -5:00 - -05 2008 Jun 24 0:00
- -4:00 - -04 2013 Nov 10
- -5:00 - -05
-#
-# Acre (AC)
-Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
- -5:00 Brazil -05/-04 1988 Sep 12
- -5:00 - -05 2008 Jun 24 0:00
- -4:00 - -04 2013 Nov 10
- -5:00 - -05
-
-# Chile
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-03):
-# Shanks & Pottenger says America/Santiago introduced standard time in
-# 1890 and rounds its UTC offset to 70W40; guess that in practice this
-# was the same offset as in 1916-1919. It also says Pacific/Easter
-# standardized on 109W22 in 1890; assume this didn't change the clocks.
-#
-# Dates for America/Santiago from 1910 to 2004 are primarily from
-# the following source, cited by Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08):
-# [1] Chile Law
-# http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/chile.html
-# This contains a copy of this official table:
-# Cambios en la hora oficial de Chile desde 1900 (retrieved 2008-03-30)
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20080330200901/http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
-# [1] needs several corrections, though.
-#
-# The first set of corrections is from:
-# [2] History of the Official Time of Chile
-# http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html (retrieved 2012-03-06). See:
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20120306042032/http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html
-# This is an English translation of:
-# Historia de la hora oficial de Chile (retrieved 2012-10-24). See:
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20121024234627/http://www.horaoficial.cl/horaof.htm
-# A fancier Spanish version (requiring mouse-clicking) is at:
-# http://www.horaoficial.cl/historia_hora.html
-# Conflicts between [1] and [2] were resolved as follows:
-#
-# - [1] says the 1910 transition was Jan 1, [2] says Jan 10 and cites
-# Boletín No. 1, Aviso No. 1 (1910). Go with [2].
-#
-# - [1] says SMT was -4:42:45, [2] says Chile's official time from
-# 1916 to 1919 was -4:42:46.3, the meridian of Chile's National
-# Astronomical Observatory (OAN), then located in what is now
-# Quinta Normal in Santiago. Go with [2], rounding it to -4:42:46.
-#
-# - [1] says the 1918 transition was Sep 1, [2] says Sep 10 and cites
-# Boletín No. 22, Aviso No. 129/1918 (1918-08-23). Go with [2].
-#
-# - [1] does not give times for transitions; assume they occur
-# at midnight mainland time, the current common practice. However,
-# go with [2]'s specification of 23:00 for the 1947-05-21 transition.
-#
-# Another correction to [1] is from Jesper Nørgaard Welen, who
-# wrote (2006-10-08), "I think that there are some obvious mistakes in
-# the suggested link from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66
-# says that GMT-4 ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at
-# 1990-09-15 (they should have been 1990-09-15 and 1990-09-16
-# respectively), but anyhow it clears up some doubts too."
-#
-# Data for Pacific/Easter from 1910 through 1967 come from Shanks &
-# Pottenger. After that, for lack of better info assume
-# Pacific/Easter is always two hours behind America/Santiago;
-# this is known to work for DST transitions starting in 2008 and
-# may well be true for earlier transitions.
-
-# From Eduardo Krell (1995-10-19):
-# The law says to switch to DST at midnight [24:00] on the second SATURDAY
-# of October.... The law is the same for March and October.
-# (1998-09-29):
-# Because of the drought this year, the government decided to go into
-# DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
-# (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).
-
-# From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18):
-# Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
-# on April 3, (one-time change).
-
-# From Germán Poo-Caamaño (2008-03-03):
-# Due to drought, Chile extends Daylight Time in three weeks. This
-# is one-time change (Saturday 3/29 at 24:00 for America/Santiago
-# and Saturday 3/29 at 22:00 for Pacific/Easter)
-# The Supreme Decree is located at
-# http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf
-#
-# From José Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
-# http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm
-
-# From Angel Chiang (2010-03-04):
-# Subject: DST in Chile exceptionally extended to 3 April due to earthquake
-# http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewNoticia.aspx?idArticulo=30098
-#
-# From Arthur David Olson (2010-03-06):
-# Angel Chiang's message confirmed by Julio Pacheco; Julio provided a patch.
-
-# From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-28):
-# http://diario.elmercurio.com/2011/03/28/_portada/_portada/noticias/7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E.htm?id=3D{7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E}
-# In English:
-# Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
-# of this Saturday. They will go forward again the 3rd Saturday in
-# August, not in October as they have since 1968.
-
-# From Mauricio Parada (2012-02-22), translated by Glenn Eychaner (2012-02-23):
-# As stated in the website of the Chilean Energy Ministry
-# http://www.minenergia.cl/ministerio/noticias/generales/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de.html
-# The Chilean Government has decided to postpone the entrance into winter time
-# (to leave DST) from March 11 2012 to April 28th 2012....
-# Quote from the website communication:
-#
-# 6. For the year 2012, the dates of entry into winter time will be as follows:
-# a. Saturday April 28, 2012, clocks should go back 60 minutes; that is, at
-# 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be 23:00
-# of the same day.
-# b. Saturday, September 1, 2012, clocks should go forward 60 minutes; that is,
-# at 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be
-# 01:00 on September 2.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-02-15):
-# According to several news sources, Chile has extended DST this year,
-# they will end DST later and start DST earlier than planned. They
-# hope to save energy. The new end date is 2013-04-28 00:00 and new
-# start date is 2013-09-08 00:00....
-# http://www.gob.cl/informa/2013/02/15/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de-hora-para-el-ano-2013.htm
-
-# From José Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19):
-# Today appeared in the Diario Oficial a decree amending the time change
-# dates to 2014.
-# DST End: last Saturday of April 2014 (Sun 27 Apr 2014 03:00 UTC)
-# DST Start: first Saturday of September 2014 (Sun 07 Sep 2014 04:00 UTC)
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl//media/2014/02/19/do-20140219.pdf
-
-# From Eduardo Romero Urra (2015-03-03):
-# Today has been published officially that Chile will use the DST time
-# permanently until March 25 of 2017
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/media/2015/03/03/1-large.jpg
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
-# For now, assume that the extension will persist indefinitely.
-
-# From Juan Correa (2016-03-18):
-# The decree regarding DST has been published in today's Official Gazette:
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/versiones-anteriores/do/20160318/
-# http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1088502
-# It does consider the second Saturday of May and August as the dates
-# for the transition; and it lists DST dates until 2019, but I think
-# this scheme will stick.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# For now, assume the pattern holds for the indefinite future.
-# The decree says transitions occur at 24:00; in practice this appears
-# to mean 24:00 mainland time, not 24:00 local time, so that Easter
-# Island is always two hours behind the mainland.
-
-# From Juan Correa (2016-12-04):
-# Magallanes region ... will keep DST (UTC -3) all year round....
-# http://www.soychile.cl/Santiago/Sociedad/2016/12/04/433428/Bachelet-firmo-el-decreto-para-establecer-un-horario-unico-para-la-Region-de-Magallanes.aspx
-#
-# From Deborah Goldsmith (2017-01-19):
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2017/01/17/41660/01/1169626.pdf
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-19):
-# The above says the Magallanes change expires 2019-05-11 at 24:00,
-# so in theory, they will revert to -04/-03 after that, which means
-# they will switch from -03 to -04 one hour after Santiago does that day.
-# For now, assume that they will not revert.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Chile 1927 1931 - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Chile 1928 1932 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Chile 1968 only - Nov 3 4:00u 1:00 S
-Rule Chile 1969 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 1969 only - Nov 23 4:00u 1:00 S
-Rule Chile 1970 only - Mar 29 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 1971 only - Mar 14 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
-Rule Chile 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 1973 only - Sep 30 4:00u 1:00 S
-Rule Chile 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
-Rule Chile 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 1988 1990 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 1988 1989 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
-Rule Chile 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S
-Rule Chile 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
-Rule Chile 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S
-Rule Chile 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 1999 2010 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
-Rule Chile 2000 2007 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
-# N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
-# which is used below in specifying the transition.
-Rule Chile 2008 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 2009 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 2010 only - Apr Sun>=1 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 2011 only - May Sun>=2 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S
-Rule Chile 2012 2014 - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 2012 2014 - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S
-Rule Chile 2016 max - May Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
-Rule Chile 2016 max - Aug Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
-# IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
-# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Santiago -4:42:46 - LMT 1890
- -4:42:46 - SMT 1910 Jan 10 # Santiago Mean Time
- -5:00 - -05 1916 Jul 1
- -4:42:46 - SMT 1918 Sep 10
- -4:00 - -04 1919 Jul 1
- -4:42:46 - SMT 1927 Sep 1
- -5:00 Chile -05/-04 1932 Sep 1
- -4:00 - -04 1942 Jun 1
- -5:00 - -05 1942 Aug 1
- -4:00 - -04 1946 Jul 15
- -4:00 1:00 -03 1946 Sep 1 # central Chile
- -4:00 - -04 1947 Apr 1
- -5:00 - -05 1947 May 21 23:00
- -4:00 Chile -04/-03
-Zone America/Punta_Arenas -4:43:40 - LMT 1890
- -4:42:46 - SMT 1910 Jan 10
- -5:00 - -05 1916 Jul 1
- -4:42:46 - SMT 1918 Sep 10
- -4:00 - -04 1919 Jul 1
- -4:42:46 - SMT 1927 Sep 1
- -5:00 Chile -05/-04 1932 Sep 1
- -4:00 - -04 1942 Jun 1
- -5:00 - -05 1942 Aug 1
- -4:00 - -04 1947 Apr 1
- -5:00 - -05 1947 May 21 23:00
- -4:00 Chile -04/-03 2016 Dec 4
- -3:00 - -03
-Zone Pacific/Easter -7:17:28 - LMT 1890
- -7:17:28 - EMT 1932 Sep # Easter Mean Time
- -7:00 Chile -07/-06 1982 Mar 14 3:00u # Easter Time
- -6:00 Chile -06/-05
-#
-# Salas y Gómez Island is uninhabited.
-# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is,
-# and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
-
-# Antarctic base using South American rules
-# (See the file 'antarctica' for more.)
-#
-# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
-#
-# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
-# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
-# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
-# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
-# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
-# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - -00 1965
- -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
- -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1982 May
- -4:00 Chile -04/-03 2016 Dec 4
- -3:00 - -03
-
-# Colombia
-
-# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899; round to nearest. He writes,
-# "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare."
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule CO 1992 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule CO 1993 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Bogota -4:56:16 - LMT 1884 Mar 13
- -4:56:16 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
- -5:00 CO -05/-04
-# Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
-# no information; probably like America/Bogota
-
-# Curaçao
-
-# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
-# -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
-# Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
-# 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say
-# Saba Island has been like Curaçao.
-# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
-#
-# By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become
-# associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
-# Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
-# Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones
-# though, as far as we know.
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
- -4:30 - -0430 1965
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
-# use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
-# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen characters
-# and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
-
-Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes # Sint Maarten
-Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk # Caribbean Netherlands
-
-# Ecuador
-#
-# Milne says the Central and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
-#
-# From Alois Treindl (2016-12-15):
-# https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/hora-sixto-1993.html
-# ... Whether the law applied also to Galápagos, I do not know.
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-15):
-# https://www.elcomercio.com/afull/modificacion-husohorario-ecuador-presidentes-decreto.html
-# This says President Sixto Durán Ballén signed decree No. 285, which
-# established DST from 1992-11-28 to 1993-02-05; it does not give transition
-# times. The people called it "hora de Sixto" ("Sixto hour"). The change did
-# not go over well; a popular song "Qué hora es" by Jaime Guevara had lyrics
-# that included "Amanecía en mitad de la noche, los guaguas iban a clase sin
-# sol" ("It was dawning in the middle of the night, the buses went to class
-# without sun"). Although Ballén's campaign slogan was "Ni un paso atrás"
-# (Not one step back), the clocks went back in 1993 and the experiment was not
-# repeated. For now, assume transitions were at 00:00 local time country-wide.
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Ecuador 1992 only - Nov 28 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Ecuador 1993 only - Feb 5 0:00 0 -
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Guayaquil -5:19:20 - LMT 1890
- -5:14:00 - QMT 1931 # Quito Mean Time
- -5:00 Ecuador -05/-04
-Zone Pacific/Galapagos -5:58:24 - LMT 1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
- -5:00 - -05 1986
- -6:00 Ecuador -06/-05
-
-# Falklands
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Between 1990 and 2000 inclusive, Shanks & Pottenger and the IATA agree except
-# the IATA gives 1996-09-08. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-
-# From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
-# via Jesper Nørgaard:
-# ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
-# April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
-# September. It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
-# am on Sunday 21 April 2002 and advance to summer time at 2 am on
-# Sunday 1 September.
-
-# From Rives McDow (2001-02-13):
-#
-# I have communicated several times with people there, and the last
-# time I had communications that was helpful was in 1998. Here is
-# what was said then:
-#
-# "The general rule was that Stanley used daylight saving and the Camp
-# did not. However for various reasons many people in the Camp have
-# started to use daylight saving (known locally as 'Stanley Time')
-# There is no rule as to who uses daylight saving - it is a matter of
-# personal choice and so it is impossible to draw a map showing who
-# uses it and who does not. Any list would be out of date as soon as
-# it was produced. This year daylight saving ended on April 18/19th
-# and started again on September 12/13th. I do not know what the rule
-# is, but can find out if you like. We do not change at the same time
-# as UK or Chile."
-#
-# I did have in my notes that the rule was "Second Saturday in Sep at
-# 0:00 until third Saturday in Apr at 0:00". I think that this does
-# not agree in some cases with Shanks; is this true?
-#
-# Also, there is no mention in the list that some areas in the
-# Falklands do not use DST. I have found in my communications there
-# that these areas are on the western half of East Falkland and all of
-# West Falkland. Stanley is the only place that consistently observes
-# DST. Again, as in other places in the world, the farmers don't like
-# it. West Falkland is almost entirely sheep farmers.
-#
-# I know one lady there that keeps a list of which farm keeps DST and
-# which doesn't each year. She runs a shop in Stanley, and says that
-# the list changes each year. She uses it to communicate to her
-# customers, catching them when they are home for lunch or dinner.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
-# For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no
-# better info.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-04-01):
-# The Falkland Islands will not turn back clocks this winter, but stay on
-# daylight saving time.
-#
-# One source:
-# http://www.falklandnews.com/public/story.cfm?get=5914&source=3
-#
-# We have gotten this confirmed by a clerk of the legislative assembly:
-# Normally the clocks revert to Local Mean Time (UTC/GMT -4 hours) on the
-# third Sunday of April at 0200hrs and advance to Summer Time (UTC/GMT -3
-# hours) on the first Sunday of September at 0200hrs.
-#
-# IMPORTANT NOTE: During 2011, on a trial basis, the Falkland Islands
-# will not revert to local mean time, but clocks will remain on Summer
-# time (UTC/GMT - 3 hours) throughout the whole of 2011. Any long term
-# change to local time following the trial period will be notified.
-#
-# From Andrew Newman (2012-02-24)
-# A letter from Justin McPhee, Chief Executive,
-# Cable & Wireless Falkland Islands (dated 2012-02-22)
-# states...
-# The current Atlantic/Stanley entry under South America expects the
-# clocks to go back to standard Falklands Time (FKT) on the 15th April.
-# The database entry states that in 2011 Stanley was staying on fixed
-# summer time on a trial basis only. FIG need to contact IANA and/or
-# the maintainers of the database to inform them we're adopting
-# the same policy this year and suggest recommendations for future years.
-#
-# For now we will assume permanent summer time for the Falklands
-# until advised differently (to apply for 2012 and beyond, after the 2011
-# experiment was apparently successful.)
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Falk 1937 1938 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Falk 1938 1942 - Mar Sun>=19 0:00 0 -
-Rule Falk 1939 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Falk 1940 1942 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Falk 1943 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Falk 1983 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Falk 1984 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Falk 1984 only - Sep 16 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Falk 1985 2000 - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Falk 1986 2000 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Falk 2001 2010 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
-Rule Falk 2001 2010 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Stanley -3:51:24 - LMT 1890
- -3:51:24 - SMT 1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
- -4:00 Falk -04/-03 1983 May
- -3:00 Falk -03/-02 1985 Sep 15
- -4:00 Falk -04/-03 2010 Sep 5 2:00
- -3:00 - -03
-
-# French Guiana
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Cayenne -3:29:20 - LMT 1911 Jul
- -4:00 - -04 1967 Oct
- -3:00 - -03
-
-# Guyana
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Guyana -3:52:40 - LMT 1915 Mar # Georgetown
- -3:45 - -0345 1975 Jul 31
- -3:00 - -03 1991
-# IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00. Assume a 1991 switch.
- -4:00 - -04
-
-# Paraguay
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are 01:00 -> 02:00,
-# and autumn transitions are 00:00 -> 23:00. Go with pre-1999
-# editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
-#
-# From Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo (2013-09-20):
-# No time of the day is established for the adjustment, so people normally
-# adjust their clocks at 0 hour of the given dates.
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Para 1975 1988 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Para 1975 1978 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Para 1979 1991 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Para 1989 only - Oct 22 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Para 1990 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Para 1991 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Para 1992 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Para 1992 only - Oct 5 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Para 1993 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 -
-Rule Para 1993 1995 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Para 1994 1995 - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Para 1996 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
-# IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10; ignore this for now.
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-02):
-# I have three independent reports that Paraguay changed to DST this Sunday
-# (10-01).
-#
-# Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
-# Noticias, a daily paper in Asunción, Paraguay (2000-10-01):
-# http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm
-# Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
-# fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power.... The time change
-# system has been operating for several years. Formerly there was a separate
-# decree each year; the new law has the same effect, but permanently. Every
-# year, the time will change on the first Sunday of October; likewise, the
-# clock will be set back on the first Sunday of March.
-#
-Rule Para 1996 2001 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Para 1997 only - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
-# Shanks & Pottenger say 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but
-# (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27).
-Rule Para 1998 2001 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
-# From Rives McDow (2002-02-28):
-# A decree was issued in Paraguay (No. 16350) on 2002-02-26 that changed the
-# dst method to be from the first Sunday in September to the first Sunday in
-# April.
-Rule Para 2002 2004 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Para 2002 2003 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-#
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
-# There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
-# a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
-# Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05)
-# From Carlos Raúl Perasso via Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
-# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/decretos/D1867.pdf
-Rule Para 2004 2009 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Para 2005 2009 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00 0 -
-# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2010-02-18):
-# By decree number 3958 issued yesterday
-# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf
-# Paraguay changes its DST schedule, postponing the March rule to April and
-# modifying the October date. The decree reads:
-# ...
-# Art. 1. It is hereby established that from the second Sunday of the month of
-# April of this year (2010), the official time is to be set back 60 minutes,
-# and that on the first Sunday of the month of October, it is to be set
-# forward 60 minutes, in all the territory of the Paraguayan Republic.
-# ...
-Rule Para 2010 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Para 2010 2012 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 0 -
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-07):
-# Paraguay will end DST on 2013-03-24 00:00....
-# http://www.ande.gov.py/interna.php?id=1075
-#
-# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2013-03-15):
-# The change in Paraguay is now final. Decree number 10780
-# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/uploads/pdf/presidencia-3b86ff4b691c79d4f5927ca964922ec74772ce857c02ca054a52a37b49afc7fb.pdf
-# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2014-02-28):
-# Decree 1264 can be found at:
-# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/archivos/documentos/DECRETO1264_ey9r8zai.pdf
-Rule Para 2013 max - Mar Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890
- -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asunción Mean Time
- -4:00 - -04 1972 Oct
- -3:00 - -03 1974 Apr
- -4:00 Para -04/-03
-
-# Peru
-#
-# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26)
-# <news:xrGmb.39935$gA1.13896113@news4.srv.hcvlny.cv.net>:
-# When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over
-# sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger don't have this transition. Assume 1986 was like 1987.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Peru 1938 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Peru 1938 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Peru 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Peru 1939 1940 - Mar Sun>=24 0:00 0 -
-Rule Peru 1986 1987 - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Peru 1986 1987 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Peru 1990 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Peru 1990 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-# IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Peru 1994 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Peru 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Lima -5:08:12 - LMT 1890
- -5:08:36 - LMT 1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
- -5:00 Peru -05/-04
-
-# South Georgia
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 - LMT 1890 # Grytviken
- -2:00 - -02
-
-# South Sandwich Is
-# uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
-
-# Suriname
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Paramaribo -3:40:40 - LMT 1911
- -3:40:52 - PMT 1935 # Paramaribo Mean Time
- -3:40:36 - PMT 1945 Oct # The capital moved?
- -3:30 - -0330 1984 Oct
- -3:00 - -03
-
-# Trinidad and Tobago
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
- -4:00 - AST
-
-# These all agree with Trinidad and Tobago since 1970.
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Anguilla
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Antigua
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Dominica
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Grenada
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot # St Martin (French part)
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Montserrat
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy # St Barthélemy
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts # St Kitts & Nevis
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas # Virgin Islands (US)
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Vincent
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Tortola # Virgin Islands (UK)
-
-# Uruguay
-# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
-# Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Uruguay 1923 only - Oct 2 0:00 0:30 HS
-Rule Uruguay 1924 1926 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Uruguay 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0:30 HS
-Rule Uruguay 1933 1935 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 1 0:00 & 1936 Mar 30 0:00; go with Whitman.
-Rule Uruguay 1934 1936 - Mar Sat>=25 23:30s 0 -
-Rule Uruguay 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 0:30 HS
-Rule Uruguay 1937 1941 - Mar lastSun 0:00 0 -
-# Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Uruguay 1937 1940 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
-# Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
-# and 1943 Apr 13 "to present time"; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Uruguay 1941 only - Aug 1 0:00 0:30 HS
-Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Uruguay 1943 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 -
-Rule Uruguay 1959 only - May 24 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Uruguay 1959 only - Nov 15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Jan 17 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Mar 6 0:00 0 -
-Rule Uruguay 1965 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Uruguay 1965 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 -
-Rule Uruguay 1966 1967 - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
-Rule Uruguay 1968 1970 - May 27 0:00 0:30 HS
-Rule Uruguay 1968 1970 - Dec 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Apr 24 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Aug 15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Mar 10 0:00 0:30 HS
-Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Dec 22 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Uruguay 1976 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Uruguay 1977 only - Dec 4 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Uruguay 1978 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Uruguay 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Uruguay 1980 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Uruguay 1987 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 -
-Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Dec 11 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Mar 12 0:00 0 -
-Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Oct 29 0:00 1:00 S
-# Shanks & Pottenger say no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
-# and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01. Go with IATA.
-Rule Uruguay 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Uruguay 1990 1991 - Oct Sun>=21 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Uruguay 1992 only - Oct 18 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Uruguay 1993 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 -
-# From Eduardo Cota (2004-09-20):
-# The Uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
-# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/decretos/2004091502.htm
-Rule Uruguay 2004 only - Sep 19 0:00 1:00 S
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-03-11):
-# Uruguay's DST was scheduled to end on Sunday, 2005-03-13, but in order to
-# save energy ... it was postponed two weeks....
-# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/noticias/2005/03/2005031005.htm
-Rule Uruguay 2005 only - Mar 27 2:00 0 -
-# From Eduardo Cota (2005-09-27):
-# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/decretos/2005/09/CM%20119_09%2009%202005_00001.PDF
-# This means that from 2005-10-09 at 02:00 local time, until 2006-03-12 at
-# 02:00 local time, official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2.
-Rule Uruguay 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Uruguay 2006 only - Mar 12 2:00 0 -
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
-# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_web/decretos/2006/09/CM%20210_08%2006%202006_00001.PDF
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-06-30):
-# ... it looks like they will not be using DST the coming summer:
-# http://www.elobservador.com.uy/gobierno-resolvio-que-no-habra-cambio-horario-verano-n656787
-# http://www.republica.com.uy/este-ano-no-se-modificara-el-huso-horario-en-uruguay/523760/
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-30):
-# Apparently restaurateurs complained that DST caused people to go to the beach
-# instead of out to dinner.
-# From Pablo Camargo (2015-07-13):
-# http://archivo.presidencia.gub.uy/sci/decretos/2015/06/cons_min_201.pdf
-# [dated 2015-06-29; repeals Decree 311/006 dated 2006-09-04]
-Rule Uruguay 2006 2014 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Uruguay 2007 2015 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 0 -
-
-# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
-Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 - LMT 1898 Jun 28
- -3:44:44 - MMT 1920 May 1 # Montevideo MT
- -3:30 Uruguay -0330/-03 1942 Dec 14
- -3:00 Uruguay -03/-02 1968
- -3:00 Uruguay -03/-0230 1971
- -3:00 Uruguay -03/-02 1974
- -3:00 Uruguay -03/-0230 1974 Dec 22
- -3:00 Uruguay -03/-02
-
-# Venezuela
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-28):
-# For the 1965 transition see Gaceta Oficial No. 27.619 (1964-12-15), p 205.533
-# http://www.pgr.gob.ve/dmdocuments/1964/27619.pdf
-#
-# From John Stainforth (2007-11-28):
-# ... the change for Venezuela originally expected for 2007-12-31 has
-# been brought forward to 2007-12-09. The official announcement was
-# published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la República Bolivariana
-# de Venezuela, número 38.819" (official document for all laws or
-# resolution publication)
-# http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=72208
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-04-15):
-# https://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/204758-venezuela-modificar-huso-horario-sequia-elnino
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
-# Clocks advance 30 minutes on 2016-05-01 at 02:30....
-# "'Venezuela's new time-zone: hours without light, hours without water,
-# hours of presidential broadcasts, hours of lines,' quipped comedian
-# Jean Mary Curró ...". See: Cawthorne A, Kai D. Venezuela scraps
-# half-hour time difference set by Chavez. Reuters 2016-04-15 14:50 -0400
-# https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-timezone-idUSKCN0XC2BE
-#
-# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-20):
-# ... published in the official Gazette [2016-04-18], here:
-# http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/gaceta_ext/abril/1842016/E-1842016-4551.pdf
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Caracas -4:27:44 - LMT 1890
- -4:27:40 - CMT 1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
- -4:30 - -0430 1965 Jan 1 0:00
- -4:00 - -04 2007 Dec 9 3:00
- -4:30 - -0430 2016 May 1 2:30
- -4:00 - -04
+++ /dev/null
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# Old rules, should the need arise.
-# No attempt is made to handle Newfoundland, since it cannot be expressed
-# using the System V "TZ" scheme (half-hour offset), or anything outside
-# North America (no support for non-standard DST start/end dates), nor
-# the changes in the DST rules in the US after 1976 (which occurred after
-# the old rules were written).
-#
-# If you need the old rules, uncomment ## lines.
-# Compile this *without* leap second correction for true conformance.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule SystemV min 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule SystemV min 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule SystemV 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule SystemV 1974 only - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule SystemV 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule SystemV 1975 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule SystemV 1976 max - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule SystemV 1976 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
-## Zone SystemV/AST4ADT -4:00 SystemV A%sT
-## Zone SystemV/EST5EDT -5:00 SystemV E%sT
-## Zone SystemV/CST6CDT -6:00 SystemV C%sT
-## Zone SystemV/MST7MDT -7:00 SystemV M%sT
-## Zone SystemV/PST8PDT -8:00 SystemV P%sT
-## Zone SystemV/YST9YDT -9:00 SystemV Y%sT
-## Zone SystemV/AST4 -4:00 - AST
-## Zone SystemV/EST5 -5:00 - EST
-## Zone SystemV/CST6 -6:00 - CST
-## Zone SystemV/MST7 -7:00 - MST
-## Zone SystemV/PST8 -8:00 - PST
-## Zone SystemV/YST9 -9:00 - YST
-## Zone SystemV/HST10 -10:00 - HST
--- /dev/null
+# This zic input file is in the public domain.
+R A 1916 o - Jun 14 23s 1 S
+R A 1916 1919 - O Sun>=1 23s 0 -
+R A 1917 o - Mar 24 23s 1 S
+R A 1918 o - Mar 9 23s 1 S
+R A 1919 o - Mar 1 23s 1 S
+R A 1920 o - F 14 23s 1 S
+R A 1920 o - O 23 23s 0 -
+R A 1921 o - Mar 14 23s 1 S
+R A 1921 o - Jun 21 23s 0 -
+R A 1939 o - S 11 23s 1 S
+R A 1939 o - N 19 1 0 -
+R A 1944 1945 - Ap M>=1 2 1 S
+R A 1944 o - O 8 2 0 -
+R A 1945 o - S 16 1 0 -
+R A 1971 o - Ap 25 23s 1 S
+R A 1971 o - S 26 23s 0 -
+R A 1977 o - May 6 0 1 S
+R A 1977 o - O 21 0 0 -
+R A 1978 o - Mar 24 1 1 S
+R A 1978 o - S 22 3 0 -
+R A 1980 o - Ap 25 0 1 S
+R A 1980 o - O 31 2 0 -
+Z Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:1
+0:9:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11
+0 A WE%sT 1940 F 25 2
+1 A CE%sT 1946 O 7
+0 - WET 1956 Ja 29
+1 - CET 1963 Ap 14
+0 A WE%sT 1977 O 21
+1 A CE%sT 1979 O 26
+0 A WE%sT 1981 May
+1 - CET
+Z Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:4 - LMT 1907
+-2 - -02 1942 S
+-2 1 -01 1945 O 15
+-2 - -02 1975 N 25 2
+-1 - -01
+Z Africa/Ndjamena 1:0:12 - LMT 1912
+1 - WAT 1979 O 14
+1 1 WAST 1980 Mar 8
+1 - WAT
+Z Africa/Abidjan -0:16:8 - LMT 1912
+0 - GMT
+Li Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako
+Li Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul
+Li Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry
+Li Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar
+Li Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown
+Li Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome
+Li Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott
+Li Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou
+Li Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome
+Li Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena
+R B 1940 o - Jul 15 0 1 S
+R B 1940 o - O 1 0 0 -
+R B 1941 o - Ap 15 0 1 S
+R B 1941 o - S 16 0 0 -
+R B 1942 1944 - Ap 1 0 1 S
+R B 1942 o - O 27 0 0 -
+R B 1943 1945 - N 1 0 0 -
+R B 1945 o - Ap 16 0 1 S
+R B 1957 o - May 10 0 1 S
+R B 1957 1958 - O 1 0 0 -
+R B 1958 o - May 1 0 1 S
+R B 1959 1981 - May 1 1 1 S
+R B 1959 1965 - S 30 3 0 -
+R B 1966 1994 - O 1 3 0 -
+R B 1982 o - Jul 25 1 1 S
+R B 1983 o - Jul 12 1 1 S
+R B 1984 1988 - May 1 1 1 S
+R B 1989 o - May 6 1 1 S
+R B 1990 1994 - May 1 1 1 S
+R B 1995 2010 - Ap lastF 0s 1 S
+R B 1995 2005 - S lastTh 24 0 -
+R B 2006 o - S 21 24 0 -
+R B 2007 o - S Th>=1 24 0 -
+R B 2008 o - Au lastTh 24 0 -
+R B 2009 o - Au 20 24 0 -
+R B 2010 o - Au 10 24 0 -
+R B 2010 o - S 9 24 1 S
+R B 2010 o - S lastTh 24 0 -
+R B 2014 o - May 15 24 1 S
+R B 2014 o - Jun 26 24 0 -
+R B 2014 o - Jul 31 24 1 S
+R B 2014 o - S lastTh 24 0 -
+Z Africa/Cairo 2:5:9 - LMT 1900 O
+2 B EE%sT
+R C 1920 1942 - S 1 0 0:20 GHST
+R C 1920 1942 - D 31 0 0 GMT
+Z Africa/Accra -0:0:52 - LMT 1918
+0 C GMT/+0020
+Z Africa/Bissau -1:2:20 - LMT 1912
+-1 - -01 1975
+0 - GMT
+Z Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
+3 - EAT 1930
+2:30 - +0230 1940
+2:45 - +0245 1960
+3 - EAT
+Li Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa
+Li Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara
+Li Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
+Li Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
+Li Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala
+Li Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu
+Li Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo
+Li Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
+Li Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
+Z Africa/Monrovia -0:43:8 - LMT 1882
+-0:43:8 - MMT 1919 Mar
+-0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Ja 7
+0 - GMT
+R D 1951 o - O 14 2 1 S
+R D 1952 o - Ja 1 0 0 -
+R D 1953 o - O 9 2 1 S
+R D 1954 o - Ja 1 0 0 -
+R D 1955 o - S 30 0 1 S
+R D 1956 o - Ja 1 0 0 -
+R D 1982 1984 - Ap 1 0 1 S
+R D 1982 1985 - O 1 0 0 -
+R D 1985 o - Ap 6 0 1 S
+R D 1986 o - Ap 4 0 1 S
+R D 1986 o - O 3 0 0 -
+R D 1987 1989 - Ap 1 0 1 S
+R D 1987 1989 - O 1 0 0 -
+R D 1997 o - Ap 4 0 1 S
+R D 1997 o - O 4 0 0 -
+R D 2013 o - Mar lastF 1 1 S
+R D 2013 o - O lastF 2 0 -
+Z Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
+1 D CE%sT 1959
+2 - EET 1982
+1 D CE%sT 1990 May 4
+2 - EET 1996 S 30
+1 D CE%sT 1997 O 4
+2 - EET 2012 N 10 2
+1 D CE%sT 2013 O 25 2
+2 - EET
+R E 1982 o - O 10 0 1 S
+R E 1983 o - Mar 21 0 0 -
+R E 2008 o - O lastSun 2 1 S
+R E 2009 o - Mar lastSun 2 0 -
+Z Indian/Mauritius 3:50 - LMT 1907
+4 E +04/+05
+R F 1939 o - S 12 0 1 S
+R F 1939 o - N 19 0 0 -
+R F 1940 o - F 25 0 1 S
+R F 1945 o - N 18 0 0 -
+R F 1950 o - Jun 11 0 1 S
+R F 1950 o - O 29 0 0 -
+R F 1967 o - Jun 3 12 1 S
+R F 1967 o - O 1 0 0 -
+R F 1974 o - Jun 24 0 1 S
+R F 1974 o - S 1 0 0 -
+R F 1976 1977 - May 1 0 1 S
+R F 1976 o - Au 1 0 0 -
+R F 1977 o - S 28 0 0 -
+R F 1978 o - Jun 1 0 1 S
+R F 1978 o - Au 4 0 0 -
+R F 2008 o - Jun 1 0 1 S
+R F 2008 o - S 1 0 0 -
+R F 2009 o - Jun 1 0 1 S
+R F 2009 o - Au 21 0 0 -
+R F 2010 o - May 2 0 1 S
+R F 2010 o - Au 8 0 0 -
+R F 2011 o - Ap 3 0 1 S
+R F 2011 o - Jul 31 0 0 -
+R F 2012 2013 - Ap lastSun 2 1 S
+R F 2012 o - Jul 20 3 0 -
+R F 2012 o - Au 20 2 1 S
+R F 2012 o - S 30 3 0 -
+R F 2013 o - Jul 7 3 0 -
+R F 2013 o - Au 10 2 1 S
+R F 2013 ma - O lastSun 3 0 -
+R F 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2 1 S
+R F 2014 o - Jun 28 3 0 -
+R F 2014 o - Au 2 2 1 S
+R F 2015 o - Jun 14 3 0 -
+R F 2015 o - Jul 19 2 1 S
+R F 2016 o - Jun 5 3 0 -
+R F 2016 o - Jul 10 2 1 S
+R F 2017 o - May 21 3 0 -
+R F 2017 o - Jul 2 2 1 S
+R F 2018 o - May 13 3 0 -
+R F 2018 o - Jun 17 2 1 S
+R F 2019 o - May 5 3 0 -
+R F 2019 o - Jun 9 2 1 S
+R F 2020 o - Ap 19 3 0 -
+R F 2020 o - May 24 2 1 S
+R F 2021 o - Ap 11 3 0 -
+R F 2021 o - May 16 2 1 S
+R F 2022 o - May 8 2 1 S
+R F 2023 o - Ap 23 2 1 S
+R F 2024 o - Ap 14 2 1 S
+R F 2025 o - Ap 6 2 1 S
+R F 2026 ma - Mar lastSun 2 1 S
+R F 2036 o - O 19 3 0 -
+R F 2037 o - O 4 3 0 -
+Z Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 O 26
+0 F WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
+1 - CET 1986
+0 F WE%sT
+Z Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934
+-1 - -01 1976 Ap 14
+0 F WE%sT
+Z Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
+2 - CAT
+Li Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre
+Li Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura
+Li Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone
+Li Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare
+Li Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali
+Li Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi
+Li Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka
+R G 1994 o - Mar 21 0 0 -
+R G 1994 2016 - S Sun>=1 2 1 S
+R G 1995 2017 - Ap Sun>=1 2 0 -
+Z Africa/Windhoek 1:8:24 - LMT 1892 F 8
+1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar
+2 - SAST 1942 S 20 2
+2 1 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2
+2 - SAST 1990 Mar 21
+2 - CAT 1994 Mar 21
+1 G WA%sT 2017 S 3 2
+2 - CAT
+Z Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 S
+1 - WAT
+Li Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui
+Li Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville
+Li Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala
+Li Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa
+Li Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville
+Li Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda
+Li Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo
+Li Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey
+Li Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo
+Z Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun
+4 - +04
+Z Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun
+4 - +04
+R H 1942 1943 - S Sun>=15 2 1 -
+R H 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2 0 -
+Z Africa/Johannesburg 1:52 - LMT 1892 F 8
+1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
+2 H SAST
+Li Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru
+Li Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane
+R I 1970 o - May 1 0 1 S
+R I 1970 1985 - O 15 0 0 -
+R I 1971 o - Ap 30 0 1 S
+R I 1972 1985 - Ap lastSun 0 1 S
+Z Africa/Khartoum 2:10:8 - LMT 1931
+2 I CA%sT 2000 Ja 15 12
+3 - EAT 2017 N
+2 - CAT
+Z Africa/Juba 2:6:28 - LMT 1931
+2 I CA%sT 2000 Ja 15 12
+3 - EAT
+R J 1939 o - Ap 15 23s 1 S
+R J 1939 o - N 18 23s 0 -
+R J 1940 o - F 25 23s 1 S
+R J 1941 o - O 6 0 0 -
+R J 1942 o - Mar 9 0 1 S
+R J 1942 o - N 2 3 0 -
+R J 1943 o - Mar 29 2 1 S
+R J 1943 o - Ap 17 2 0 -
+R J 1943 o - Ap 25 2 1 S
+R J 1943 o - O 4 2 0 -
+R J 1944 1945 - Ap M>=1 2 1 S
+R J 1944 o - O 8 0 0 -
+R J 1945 o - S 16 0 0 -
+R J 1977 o - Ap 30 0s 1 S
+R J 1977 o - S 24 0s 0 -
+R J 1978 o - May 1 0s 1 S
+R J 1978 o - O 1 0s 0 -
+R J 1988 o - Jun 1 0s 1 S
+R J 1988 1990 - S lastSun 0s 0 -
+R J 1989 o - Mar 26 0s 1 S
+R J 1990 o - May 1 0s 1 S
+R J 2005 o - May 1 0s 1 S
+R J 2005 o - S 30 1s 0 -
+R J 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2s 1 S
+R J 2006 2008 - O lastSun 2s 0 -
+Z Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
+0:9:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11
+1 J CE%sT
+Z Antarctica/Casey 0 - -00 1969
+8 - +08 2009 O 18 2
+11 - +11 2010 Mar 5 2
+8 - +08 2011 O 28 2
+11 - +11 2012 F 21 17u
+8 - +08 2016 O 22
+11 - +11
+Z Antarctica/Davis 0 - -00 1957 Ja 13
+7 - +07 1964 N
+0 - -00 1969 F
+7 - +07 2009 O 18 2
+5 - +05 2010 Mar 10 20u
+7 - +07 2011 O 28 2
+5 - +05 2012 F 21 20u
+7 - +07
+Z Antarctica/Mawson 0 - -00 1954 F 13
+6 - +06 2009 O 18 2
+5 - +05
+Z Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950
+5 - +05
+Z Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947
+10 - +10 1952 Ja 14
+0 - -00 1956 N
+10 - +10
+Z Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Ja 29
+3 - +03
+R K 2005 ma - Mar lastSun 1u 2 +02
+R K 2004 ma - O lastSun 1u 0 +00
+Z Antarctica/Troll 0 - -00 2005 F 12
+0 K %s
+Z Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 D 16
+6 - +06
+Z Antarctica/Rothera 0 - -00 1976 D
+-3 - -03
+Z Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
+4 - +04 1945
+4:30 - +0430
+R L 2011 o - Mar lastSun 2s 1 S
+R L 2011 o - O lastSun 2s 0 -
+Z Asia/Yerevan 2:58 - LMT 1924 May 2
+3 - +03 1957 Mar
+4 M +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2s
+3 M +03/+04 1995 S 24 2s
+4 - +04 1997
+4 M +04/+05 2011
+4 L +04/+05
+R N 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4 1 S
+R N 1997 2015 - O lastSun 5 0 -
+Z Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+3 - +03 1957 Mar
+4 M +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2s
+3 M +03/+04 1992 S lastSun 2s
+4 - +04 1996
+4 O +04/+05 1997
+4 N +04/+05
+R P 2009 o - Jun 19 23 1 S
+R P 2009 o - D 31 24 0 -
+Z Asia/Dhaka 6:1:40 - LMT 1890
+5:53:20 - HMT 1941 O
+6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
+5:30 - +0530 1942 S
+6:30 - +0630 1951 S 30
+6 - +06 2009
+6 P +06/+07
+Z Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Au 15
+5:30 - +0530 1987 O
+6 - +06
+Z Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
+5 - +05 1996
+6 - +06
+Z Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar
+7:30 - +0730 1933
+8 - +08
+Z Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880
+6:24:47 - RMT 1920
+6:30 - +0630 1942 May
+9 - +09 1945 May 3
+6:30 - +0630
+R Q 1940 o - Jun 3 0 1 D
+R Q 1940 1941 - O 1 0 0 S
+R Q 1941 o - Mar 16 0 1 D
+R R 1986 o - May 4 0 1 D
+R R 1986 1991 - S Sun>=11 0 0 S
+R R 1987 1991 - Ap Sun>=10 0 1 D
+Z Asia/Shanghai 8:5:43 - LMT 1901
+8 Q C%sT 1949
+8 R C%sT
+Z Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
+6 - +06
+R S 1941 o - Ap 1 3:30 1 S
+R S 1941 o - S 30 3:30 0 -
+R S 1946 o - Ap 20 3:30 1 S
+R S 1946 o - D 1 3:30 0 -
+R S 1947 o - Ap 13 3:30 1 S
+R S 1947 o - D 30 3:30 0 -
+R S 1948 o - May 2 3:30 1 S
+R S 1948 1951 - O lastSun 3:30 0 -
+R S 1952 o - O 25 3:30 0 -
+R S 1949 1953 - Ap Sun>=1 3:30 1 S
+R S 1953 o - N 1 3:30 0 -
+R S 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1 S
+R S 1954 o - O 31 3:30 0 -
+R S 1955 1964 - N Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
+R S 1965 1976 - Ap Sun>=16 3:30 1 S
+R S 1965 1976 - O Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
+R S 1973 o - D 30 3:30 1 S
+R S 1979 o - May Sun>=8 3:30 1 S
+R S 1979 o - O Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
+Z Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 O 30
+8 S HK%sT 1941 D 25
+9 - JST 1945 S 15
+8 S HK%sT
+R T 1946 o - May 15 0 1 D
+R T 1946 o - O 1 0 0 S
+R T 1947 o - Ap 15 0 1 D
+R T 1947 o - N 1 0 0 S
+R T 1948 1951 - May 1 0 1 D
+R T 1948 1951 - O 1 0 0 S
+R T 1952 o - Mar 1 0 1 D
+R T 1952 1954 - N 1 0 0 S
+R T 1953 1959 - Ap 1 0 1 D
+R T 1955 1961 - O 1 0 0 S
+R T 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0 1 D
+R T 1974 1975 - Ap 1 0 1 D
+R T 1974 1975 - O 1 0 0 S
+R T 1979 o - Jul 1 0 1 D
+R T 1979 o - O 1 0 0 S
+Z Asia/Taipei 8:6 - LMT 1896
+8 - CST 1937 O
+9 - JST 1945 S 21 1
+8 T C%sT
+R U 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1 D
+R U 1961 1964 - N Sun>=1 3:30 0 S
+R U 1963 o - Mar Sun>=16 0 1 D
+R U 1964 o - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1 D
+R U 1965 o - Mar Sun>=16 0 1 D
+R U 1965 o - O 31 0 0 S
+R U 1966 1971 - Ap Sun>=16 3:30 1 D
+R U 1966 1971 - O Sun>=16 3:30 0 S
+R U 1972 1974 - Ap Sun>=15 0 1 D
+R U 1972 1973 - O Sun>=15 0 0 S
+R U 1974 1977 - O Sun>=15 3:30 0 S
+R U 1975 1977 - Ap Sun>=15 3:30 1 D
+R U 1978 1980 - Ap Sun>=15 0 1 D
+R U 1978 1980 - O Sun>=15 0 0 S
+Z Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
+8 U C%sT
+R V 1975 o - Ap 13 0 1 S
+R V 1975 o - O 12 0 0 -
+R V 1976 o - May 15 0 1 S
+R V 1976 o - O 11 0 0 -
+R V 1977 1980 - Ap Sun>=1 0 1 S
+R V 1977 o - S 25 0 0 -
+R V 1978 o - O 2 0 0 -
+R V 1979 1997 - S lastSun 0 0 -
+R V 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0 1 S
+Z Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 N 14
+2 V EE%sT 1998 S
+2 O EE%sT
+Z Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 N 14
+2 V EE%sT 1998 S
+2 O EE%sT 2016 S 8
+3 - +03 2017 O 29 1u
+2 O EE%sT
+Li Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
+Z Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
+2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2
+3 - +03 1957 Mar
+4 M +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2s
+3 M +03/+04 1992
+3 W +03/+04 1994 S lastSun
+4 W +04/+05 1996 O lastSun
+4 1 +05 1997 Mar lastSun
+4 W +04/+05 2004 Jun 27
+3 M +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2
+4 - +04
+Z Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
+8 - +08 1942 F 21 23
+9 - +09 1976 May 3
+8 - +08 2000 S 17
+9 - +09
+Z Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28
+5:53:20 - HMT 1870
+5:21:10 - MMT 1906
+5:30 - IST 1941 O
+5:30 1 +0630 1942 May 15
+5:30 - IST 1942 S
+5:30 1 +0630 1945 O 15
+5:30 - IST
+Z Asia/Jakarta 7:7:12 - LMT 1867 Au 10
+7:7:12 - BMT 1923 D 31 23:47:12
+7:20 - +0720 1932 N
+7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23
+9 - +09 1945 S 23
+7:30 - +0730 1948 May
+8 - +08 1950 May
+7:30 - +0730 1964
+7 - WIB
+Z Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
+7:17:20 - PMT 1932 N
+7:30 - +0730 1942 Ja 29
+9 - +09 1945 S 23
+7:30 - +0730 1948 May
+8 - +08 1950 May
+7:30 - +0730 1964
+8 - WITA 1988
+7 - WIB
+Z Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
+7:57:36 - MMT 1932 N
+8 - +08 1942 F 9
+9 - +09 1945 S 23
+8 - WITA
+Z Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 N
+9 - +09 1944 S
+9:30 - +0930 1964
+9 - WIT
+R X 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0 1 D
+R X 1978 o - O 21 0 0 S
+R X 1979 o - S 19 0 0 S
+R X 1980 o - S 23 0 0 S
+R X 1991 o - May 3 0 1 D
+R X 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0 1 D
+R X 1991 1995 - S 22 0 0 S
+R X 1996 o - Mar 21 0 1 D
+R X 1996 o - S 21 0 0 S
+R X 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0 1 D
+R X 1997 1999 - S 22 0 0 S
+R X 2000 o - Mar 21 0 1 D
+R X 2000 o - S 21 0 0 S
+R X 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0 1 D
+R X 2001 2003 - S 22 0 0 S
+R X 2004 o - Mar 21 0 1 D
+R X 2004 o - S 21 0 0 S
+R X 2005 o - Mar 22 0 1 D
+R X 2005 o - S 22 0 0 S
+R X 2008 o - Mar 21 0 1 D
+R X 2008 o - S 21 0 0 S
+R X 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0 1 D
+R X 2009 2011 - S 22 0 0 S
+R X 2012 o - Mar 21 0 1 D
+R X 2012 o - S 21 0 0 S
+R X 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0 1 D
+R X 2013 2015 - S 22 0 0 S
+R X 2016 o - Mar 21 0 1 D
+R X 2016 o - S 21 0 0 S
+R X 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0 1 D
+R X 2017 2019 - S 22 0 0 S
+R X 2020 o - Mar 21 0 1 D
+R X 2020 o - S 21 0 0 S
+R X 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0 1 D
+R X 2021 2023 - S 22 0 0 S
+R X 2024 o - Mar 21 0 1 D
+R X 2024 o - S 21 0 0 S
+R X 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0 1 D
+R X 2025 2027 - S 22 0 0 S
+R X 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0 1 D
+R X 2028 2029 - S 21 0 0 S
+R X 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0 1 D
+R X 2030 2031 - S 22 0 0 S
+R X 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0 1 D
+R X 2032 2033 - S 21 0 0 S
+R X 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0 1 D
+R X 2034 2035 - S 22 0 0 S
+R X 2036 ma - Mar 21 0 1 D
+R X 2036 ma - S 21 0 0 S
+Z Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
+3:25:44 - TMT 1946
+3:30 - +0330 1977 N
+4 X +04/+05 1979
+3:30 X +0330/+0430
+R Y 1982 o - May 1 0 1 D
+R Y 1982 1984 - O 1 0 0 S
+R Y 1983 o - Mar 31 0 1 D
+R Y 1984 1985 - Ap 1 0 1 D
+R Y 1985 1990 - S lastSun 1s 0 S
+R Y 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1s 1 D
+R Y 1991 2007 - Ap 1 3s 1 D
+R Y 1991 2007 - O 1 3s 0 S
+Z Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
+2:57:36 - BMT 1918
+3 - +03 1982 May
+3 Y +03/+04
+R Z 1940 o - Jun 1 0 1 D
+R Z 1942 1944 - N 1 0 0 S
+R Z 1943 o - Ap 1 2 1 D
+R Z 1944 o - Ap 1 0 1 D
+R Z 1945 o - Ap 16 0 1 D
+R Z 1945 o - N 1 2 0 S
+R Z 1946 o - Ap 16 2 1 D
+R Z 1946 o - N 1 0 0 S
+R Z 1948 o - May 23 0 2 DD
+R Z 1948 o - S 1 0 1 D
+R Z 1948 1949 - N 1 2 0 S
+R Z 1949 o - May 1 0 1 D
+R Z 1950 o - Ap 16 0 1 D
+R Z 1950 o - S 15 3 0 S
+R Z 1951 o - Ap 1 0 1 D
+R Z 1951 o - N 11 3 0 S
+R Z 1952 o - Ap 20 2 1 D
+R Z 1952 o - O 19 3 0 S
+R Z 1953 o - Ap 12 2 1 D
+R Z 1953 o - S 13 3 0 S
+R Z 1954 o - Jun 13 0 1 D
+R Z 1954 o - S 12 0 0 S
+R Z 1955 o - Jun 11 2 1 D
+R Z 1955 o - S 11 0 0 S
+R Z 1956 o - Jun 3 0 1 D
+R Z 1956 o - S 30 3 0 S
+R Z 1957 o - Ap 29 2 1 D
+R Z 1957 o - S 22 0 0 S
+R Z 1974 o - Jul 7 0 1 D
+R Z 1974 o - O 13 0 0 S
+R Z 1975 o - Ap 20 0 1 D
+R Z 1975 o - Au 31 0 0 S
+R Z 1985 o - Ap 14 0 1 D
+R Z 1985 o - S 15 0 0 S
+R Z 1986 o - May 18 0 1 D
+R Z 1986 o - S 7 0 0 S
+R Z 1987 o - Ap 15 0 1 D
+R Z 1987 o - S 13 0 0 S
+R Z 1988 o - Ap 10 0 1 D
+R Z 1988 o - S 4 0 0 S
+R Z 1989 o - Ap 30 0 1 D
+R Z 1989 o - S 3 0 0 S
+R Z 1990 o - Mar 25 0 1 D
+R Z 1990 o - Au 26 0 0 S
+R Z 1991 o - Mar 24 0 1 D
+R Z 1991 o - S 1 0 0 S
+R Z 1992 o - Mar 29 0 1 D
+R Z 1992 o - S 6 0 0 S
+R Z 1993 o - Ap 2 0 1 D
+R Z 1993 o - S 5 0 0 S
+R Z 1994 o - Ap 1 0 1 D
+R Z 1994 o - Au 28 0 0 S
+R Z 1995 o - Mar 31 0 1 D
+R Z 1995 o - S 3 0 0 S
+R Z 1996 o - Mar 15 0 1 D
+R Z 1996 o - S 16 0 0 S
+R Z 1997 o - Mar 21 0 1 D
+R Z 1997 o - S 14 0 0 S
+R Z 1998 o - Mar 20 0 1 D
+R Z 1998 o - S 6 0 0 S
+R Z 1999 o - Ap 2 2 1 D
+R Z 1999 o - S 3 2 0 S
+R Z 2000 o - Ap 14 2 1 D
+R Z 2000 o - O 6 1 0 S
+R Z 2001 o - Ap 9 1 1 D
+R Z 2001 o - S 24 1 0 S
+R Z 2002 o - Mar 29 1 1 D
+R Z 2002 o - O 7 1 0 S
+R Z 2003 o - Mar 28 1 1 D
+R Z 2003 o - O 3 1 0 S
+R Z 2004 o - Ap 7 1 1 D
+R Z 2004 o - S 22 1 0 S
+R Z 2005 o - Ap 1 2 1 D
+R Z 2005 o - O 9 2 0 S
+R Z 2006 2010 - Mar F>=26 2 1 D
+R Z 2006 o - O 1 2 0 S
+R Z 2007 o - S 16 2 0 S
+R Z 2008 o - O 5 2 0 S
+R Z 2009 o - S 27 2 0 S
+R Z 2010 o - S 12 2 0 S
+R Z 2011 o - Ap 1 2 1 D
+R Z 2011 o - O 2 2 0 S
+R Z 2012 o - Mar F>=26 2 1 D
+R Z 2012 o - S 23 2 0 S
+R Z 2013 ma - Mar F>=23 2 1 D
+R Z 2013 ma - O lastSun 2 0 S
+Z Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
+2:20:40 - JMT 1918
+2 Z I%sT
+R a 1948 o - May Sun>=1 2 1 D
+R a 1948 1951 - S Sat>=8 2 0 S
+R a 1949 o - Ap Sun>=1 2 1 D
+R a 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2 1 D
+Z Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 D 31 15u
+9 a J%sT
+R b 1973 o - Jun 6 0 1 S
+R b 1973 1975 - O 1 0 0 -
+R b 1974 1977 - May 1 0 1 S
+R b 1976 o - N 1 0 0 -
+R b 1977 o - O 1 0 0 -
+R b 1978 o - Ap 30 0 1 S
+R b 1978 o - S 30 0 0 -
+R b 1985 o - Ap 1 0 1 S
+R b 1985 o - O 1 0 0 -
+R b 1986 1988 - Ap F>=1 0 1 S
+R b 1986 1990 - O F>=1 0 0 -
+R b 1989 o - May 8 0 1 S
+R b 1990 o - Ap 27 0 1 S
+R b 1991 o - Ap 17 0 1 S
+R b 1991 o - S 27 0 0 -
+R b 1992 o - Ap 10 0 1 S
+R b 1992 1993 - O F>=1 0 0 -
+R b 1993 1998 - Ap F>=1 0 1 S
+R b 1994 o - S F>=15 0 0 -
+R b 1995 1998 - S F>=15 0s 0 -
+R b 1999 o - Jul 1 0s 1 S
+R b 1999 2002 - S lastF 0s 0 -
+R b 2000 2001 - Mar lastTh 0s 1 S
+R b 2002 2012 - Mar lastTh 24 1 S
+R b 2003 o - O 24 0s 0 -
+R b 2004 o - O 15 0s 0 -
+R b 2005 o - S lastF 0s 0 -
+R b 2006 2011 - O lastF 0s 0 -
+R b 2013 o - D 20 0 0 -
+R b 2014 ma - Mar lastTh 24 1 S
+R b 2014 ma - O lastF 0s 0 -
+Z Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
+2 b EE%sT
+Z Asia/Almaty 5:7:48 - LMT 1924 May 2
+5 - +05 1930 Jun 21
+6 M +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2s
+5 M +05/+06 1992 Ja 19 2s
+6 M +06/+07 2004 O 31 2s
+6 - +06
+Z Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
+4 - +04 1930 Jun 21
+5 - +05 1981 Ap
+5 1 +06 1981 O
+6 - +06 1982 Ap
+5 M +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2s
+4 M +04/+05 1991 S 29 2s
+5 M +05/+06 1992 Ja 19 2s
+6 M +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2s
+5 M +05/+06 2004 O 31 2s
+6 - +06
+Z Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
+4 - +04 1930 Jun 21
+5 - +05 1981 Ap
+5 1 +06 1981 O
+6 - +06 1982 Ap
+5 M +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2s
+4 M +04/+05 1992 Ja 19 2s
+5 M +05/+06 2004 O 31 2s
+5 - +05
+Z Asia/Aqtau 3:21:4 - LMT 1924 May 2
+4 - +04 1930 Jun 21
+5 - +05 1981 O
+6 - +06 1982 Ap
+5 M +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2s
+4 M +04/+05 1992 Ja 19 2s
+5 M +05/+06 1994 S 25 2s
+4 M +04/+05 2004 O 31 2s
+5 - +05
+Z Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2
+3 - +03 1930 Jun 21
+5 - +05 1981 O
+6 - +06 1982 Ap
+5 M +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2s
+4 M +04/+05 1992 Ja 19 2s
+5 M +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2s
+4 M +04/+05 2004 O 31 2s
+5 - +05
+Z Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+3 - +03 1930 Jun 21
+5 - +05 1981 Ap
+5 1 +06 1981 O
+6 - +06 1982 Ap
+5 M +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2s
+4 M +04/+05 1992 Ja 19 2s
+5 M +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2s
+4 M +04/+05 2004 O 31 2s
+5 - +05
+R c 1992 1996 - Ap Sun>=7 0s 1 S
+R c 1992 1996 - S lastSun 0 0 -
+R c 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1 S
+R c 1997 2004 - O lastSun 2:30 0 -
+Z Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+5 - +05 1930 Jun 21
+6 M +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2s
+5 M +05/+06 1991 Au 31 2
+5 c +05/+06 2005 Au 12
+6 - +06
+R d 1948 o - Jun 1 0 1 D
+R d 1948 o - S 13 0 0 S
+R d 1949 o - Ap 3 0 1 D
+R d 1949 1951 - S Sun>=8 0 0 S
+R d 1950 o - Ap 1 0 1 D
+R d 1951 o - May 6 0 1 D
+R d 1955 o - May 5 0 1 D
+R d 1955 o - S 9 0 0 S
+R d 1956 o - May 20 0 1 D
+R d 1956 o - S 30 0 0 S
+R d 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0 1 D
+R d 1957 1960 - S Sun>=18 0 0 S
+R d 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2 1 D
+R d 1987 1988 - O Sun>=8 3 0 S
+Z Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Ap
+8:30 - KST 1912
+9 - JST 1945 S 8
+9 - KST 1954 Mar 21
+8:30 d K%sT 1961 Au 10
+9 d K%sT
+Z Asia/Pyongyang 8:23 - LMT 1908 Ap
+8:30 - KST 1912
+9 - JST 1945 Au 24
+9 - KST 2015 Au 15
+8:30 - KST
+R e 1920 o - Mar 28 0 1 S
+R e 1920 o - O 25 0 0 -
+R e 1921 o - Ap 3 0 1 S
+R e 1921 o - O 3 0 0 -
+R e 1922 o - Mar 26 0 1 S
+R e 1922 o - O 8 0 0 -
+R e 1923 o - Ap 22 0 1 S
+R e 1923 o - S 16 0 0 -
+R e 1957 1961 - May 1 0 1 S
+R e 1957 1961 - O 1 0 0 -
+R e 1972 o - Jun 22 0 1 S
+R e 1972 1977 - O 1 0 0 -
+R e 1973 1977 - May 1 0 1 S
+R e 1978 o - Ap 30 0 1 S
+R e 1978 o - S 30 0 0 -
+R e 1984 1987 - May 1 0 1 S
+R e 1984 1991 - O 16 0 0 -
+R e 1988 o - Jun 1 0 1 S
+R e 1989 o - May 10 0 1 S
+R e 1990 1992 - May 1 0 1 S
+R e 1992 o - O 4 0 0 -
+R e 1993 ma - Mar lastSun 0 1 S
+R e 1993 1998 - S lastSun 0 0 -
+R e 1999 ma - O lastSun 0 0 -
+Z Asia/Beirut 2:22 - LMT 1880
+2 e EE%sT
+R f 1935 1941 - S 14 0 0:20 TS
+R f 1935 1941 - D 14 0 0 -
+Z Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901
+6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun
+7 - +07 1933
+7 0:20 +0720 1936
+7:20 - +0720 1941 S
+7:30 - +0730 1942 F 16
+9 - +09 1945 S 12
+7:30 - +0730 1982
+8 - +08
+Z Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
+7:30 - +0730 1933
+8 f +08/+0820 1942 F 16
+9 - +09 1945 S 12
+8 - +08
+Z Indian/Maldives 4:54 - LMT 1880
+4:54 - MMT 1960
+5 - +05
+R g 1983 1984 - Ap 1 0 1 S
+R g 1983 o - O 1 0 0 -
+R g 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0 1 S
+R g 1984 1998 - S lastSun 0 0 -
+R g 2001 o - Ap lastSat 2 1 S
+R g 2001 2006 - S lastSat 2 0 -
+R g 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2 1 S
+R g 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2 1 S
+R g 2015 2016 - S lastSat 0 0 -
+Z Asia/Hovd 6:6:36 - LMT 1905 Au
+6 - +06 1978
+7 g +07/+08
+Z Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:7:32 - LMT 1905 Au
+7 - +07 1978
+8 g +08/+09
+Z Asia/Choibalsan 7:38 - LMT 1905 Au
+7 - +07 1978
+8 - +08 1983 Ap
+9 g +09/+10 2008 Mar 31
+8 g +08/+09
+Z Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+5:30 - +0530 1986
+5:45 - +0545
+R h 2002 o - Ap Sun>=2 0 1 S
+R h 2002 o - O Sun>=2 0 0 -
+R h 2008 o - Jun 1 0 1 S
+R h 2008 2009 - N 1 0 0 -
+R h 2009 o - Ap 15 0 1 S
+Z Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+5:30 - +0530 1942 S
+5:30 1 +0630 1945 O 15
+5:30 - +0530 1951 S 30
+5 - +05 1971 Mar 26
+5 h PK%sT
+R i 1999 2005 - Ap F>=15 0 1 S
+R i 1999 2003 - O F>=15 0 0 -
+R i 2004 o - O 1 1 0 -
+R i 2005 o - O 4 2 0 -
+R i 2006 2007 - Ap 1 0 1 S
+R i 2006 o - S 22 0 0 -
+R i 2007 o - S Th>=8 2 0 -
+R i 2008 2009 - Mar lastF 0 1 S
+R i 2008 o - S 1 0 0 -
+R i 2009 o - S F>=1 1 0 -
+R i 2010 o - Mar 26 0 1 S
+R i 2010 o - Au 11 0 0 -
+R i 2011 o - Ap 1 0:1 1 S
+R i 2011 o - Au 1 0 0 -
+R i 2011 o - Au 30 0 1 S
+R i 2011 o - S 30 0 0 -
+R i 2012 2014 - Mar lastTh 24 1 S
+R i 2012 o - S 21 1 0 -
+R i 2013 o - S F>=21 0 0 -
+R i 2014 2015 - O F>=21 0 0 -
+R i 2015 o - Mar lastF 24 1 S
+R i 2016 ma - Mar lastSat 1 1 S
+R i 2016 ma - O lastSat 1 0 -
+Z Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 O
+2 Z EET/EEST 1948 May 15
+2 B EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
+2 Z I%sT 1996
+2 b EE%sT 1999
+2 i EE%sT 2008 Au 29
+2 - EET 2008 S
+2 i EE%sT 2010
+2 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:1
+2 i EE%sT 2011 Au
+2 - EET 2012
+2 i EE%sT
+Z Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 O
+2 Z EET/EEST 1948 May 15
+2 B EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
+2 Z I%sT 1996
+2 b EE%sT 1999
+2 i EE%sT
+R j 1936 o - N 1 0 1 S
+R j 1937 o - F 1 0 0 -
+R j 1954 o - Ap 12 0 1 S
+R j 1954 o - Jul 1 0 0 -
+R j 1978 o - Mar 22 0 1 S
+R j 1978 o - S 21 0 0 -
+Z Asia/Manila -15:56 - LMT 1844 D 31
+8:4 - LMT 1899 May 11
+8 j +08/+09 1942 May
+9 - +09 1944 N
+8 j +08/+09
+Z Asia/Qatar 3:26:8 - LMT 1920
+4 - +04 1972 Jun
+3 - +03
+Li Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
+Z Asia/Riyadh 3:6:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
+3 - +03
+Li Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden
+Li Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
+Z Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901
+6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun
+7 - +07 1933
+7 0:20 +0720 1936
+7:20 - +0720 1941 S
+7:30 - +0730 1942 F 16
+9 - +09 1945 S 12
+7:30 - +0730 1982
+8 - +08
+Z Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
+5:19:32 - MMT 1906
+5:30 - +0530 1942 Ja 5
+5:30 0:30 +06 1942 S
+5:30 1 +0630 1945 O 16 2
+5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25
+6:30 - +0630 1996 O 26 0:30
+6 - +06 2006 Ap 15 0:30
+5:30 - +0530
+R k 1920 1923 - Ap Sun>=15 2 1 S
+R k 1920 1923 - O Sun>=1 2 0 -
+R k 1962 o - Ap 29 2 1 S
+R k 1962 o - O 1 2 0 -
+R k 1963 1965 - May 1 2 1 S
+R k 1963 o - S 30 2 0 -
+R k 1964 o - O 1 2 0 -
+R k 1965 o - S 30 2 0 -
+R k 1966 o - Ap 24 2 1 S
+R k 1966 1976 - O 1 2 0 -
+R k 1967 1978 - May 1 2 1 S
+R k 1977 1978 - S 1 2 0 -
+R k 1983 1984 - Ap 9 2 1 S
+R k 1983 1984 - O 1 2 0 -
+R k 1986 o - F 16 2 1 S
+R k 1986 o - O 9 2 0 -
+R k 1987 o - Mar 1 2 1 S
+R k 1987 1988 - O 31 2 0 -
+R k 1988 o - Mar 15 2 1 S
+R k 1989 o - Mar 31 2 1 S
+R k 1989 o - O 1 2 0 -
+R k 1990 o - Ap 1 2 1 S
+R k 1990 o - S 30 2 0 -
+R k 1991 o - Ap 1 0 1 S
+R k 1991 1992 - O 1 0 0 -
+R k 1992 o - Ap 8 0 1 S
+R k 1993 o - Mar 26 0 1 S
+R k 1993 o - S 25 0 0 -
+R k 1994 1996 - Ap 1 0 1 S
+R k 1994 2005 - O 1 0 0 -
+R k 1997 1998 - Mar lastM 0 1 S
+R k 1999 2006 - Ap 1 0 1 S
+R k 2006 o - S 22 0 0 -
+R k 2007 o - Mar lastF 0 1 S
+R k 2007 o - N F>=1 0 0 -
+R k 2008 o - Ap F>=1 0 1 S
+R k 2008 o - N 1 0 0 -
+R k 2009 o - Mar lastF 0 1 S
+R k 2010 2011 - Ap F>=1 0 1 S
+R k 2012 ma - Mar lastF 0 1 S
+R k 2009 ma - O lastF 0 0 -
+Z Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920
+2 k EE%sT
+Z Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
+5 - +05 1930 Jun 21
+6 M +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2s
+5 1 +05/+06 1991 S 9 2s
+5 - +05
+Z Asia/Bangkok 6:42:4 - LMT 1880
+6:42:4 - BMT 1920 Ap
+7 - +07
+Li Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh
+Li Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane
+Z Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2
+4 - +04 1930 Jun 21
+5 M +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2
+4 M +04/+05 1992 Ja 19 2
+5 - +05
+Z Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
+4 - +04
+Li Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat
+Z Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
+4 - +04 1930 Jun 21
+5 - +05 1981 Ap
+5 1 +06 1981 O
+6 - +06 1982 Ap
+5 M +05/+06 1992
+5 - +05
+Z Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
+5 - +05 1930 Jun 21
+6 M +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2
+5 M +05/+06 1992
+5 - +05
+Z Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:6:40 - LMT 1906 Jul
+7:6:30 - PLMT 1911 May
+7 - +07 1942 D 31 23
+8 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23
+9 - +09 1945 S 2
+7 - +07 1947 Ap
+8 - +08 1955 Jul
+7 - +07 1959 D 31 23
+8 - +08 1975 Jun 13
+7 - +07
+R l 1917 o - Ja 1 0:1 1 D
+R l 1917 o - Mar 25 2 0 S
+R l 1942 o - Ja 1 2 1 D
+R l 1942 o - Mar 29 2 0 S
+R l 1942 o - S 27 2 1 D
+R l 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2 0 S
+R l 1943 o - O 3 2 1 D
+Z Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 F
+9 - ACST 1899 May
+9:30 l AC%sT
+R m 1974 o - O lastSun 2s 1 D
+R m 1975 o - Mar Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R m 1983 o - O lastSun 2s 1 D
+R m 1984 o - Mar Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R m 1991 o - N 17 2s 1 D
+R m 1992 o - Mar Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R m 2006 o - D 3 2s 1 D
+R m 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2s 0 S
+R m 2007 2008 - O lastSun 2s 1 D
+Z Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 D
+8 l AW%sT 1943 Jul
+8 m AW%sT
+Z Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 D
+8:45 l +0845/+0945 1943 Jul
+8:45 m +0845/+0945
+R n 1971 o - O lastSun 2s 1 D
+R n 1972 o - F lastSun 2s 0 S
+R n 1989 1991 - O lastSun 2s 1 D
+R n 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R o 1992 1993 - O lastSun 2s 1 D
+R o 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+Z Australia/Brisbane 10:12:8 - LMT 1895
+10 l AE%sT 1971
+10 n AE%sT
+Z Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
+10 l AE%sT 1971
+10 n AE%sT 1992 Jul
+10 o AE%sT
+R p 1971 1985 - O lastSun 2s 1 D
+R p 1986 o - O 19 2s 1 D
+R p 1987 2007 - O lastSun 2s 1 D
+R p 1972 o - F 27 2s 0 S
+R p 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R p 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2s 0 S
+R p 1991 o - Mar 3 2s 0 S
+R p 1992 o - Mar 22 2s 0 S
+R p 1993 o - Mar 7 2s 0 S
+R p 1994 o - Mar 20 2s 0 S
+R p 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2s 0 S
+R p 2006 o - Ap 2 2s 0 S
+R p 2007 o - Mar lastSun 2s 0 S
+R p 2008 ma - Ap Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R p 2008 ma - O Sun>=1 2s 1 D
+Z Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 F
+9 - ACST 1899 May
+9:30 l AC%sT 1971
+9:30 p AC%sT
+R q 1967 o - O Sun>=1 2s 1 D
+R q 1968 o - Mar lastSun 2s 0 S
+R q 1968 1985 - O lastSun 2s 1 D
+R q 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2s 0 S
+R q 1972 o - F lastSun 2s 0 S
+R q 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R q 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2s 0 S
+R q 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R q 1986 o - O Sun>=15 2s 1 D
+R q 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2s 0 S
+R q 1987 o - O Sun>=22 2s 1 D
+R q 1988 1990 - O lastSun 2s 1 D
+R q 1991 1999 - O Sun>=1 2s 1 D
+R q 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2s 0 S
+R q 2000 o - Au lastSun 2s 1 D
+R q 2001 ma - O Sun>=1 2s 1 D
+R q 2006 o - Ap Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R q 2007 o - Mar lastSun 2s 0 S
+R q 2008 ma - Ap Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+Z Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 S
+10 - AEST 1916 O 1 2
+10 1 AEDT 1917 F
+10 l AE%sT 1967
+10 q AE%sT
+Z Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 S
+10 - AEST 1916 O 1 2
+10 1 AEDT 1917 F
+10 l AE%sT 1971 Jul
+10 q AE%sT
+R r 1971 1985 - O lastSun 2s 1 D
+R r 1972 o - F lastSun 2s 0 S
+R r 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R r 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2s 0 S
+R r 1986 1987 - O Sun>=15 2s 1 D
+R r 1988 1999 - O lastSun 2s 1 D
+R r 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R r 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2s 0 S
+R r 2000 o - Au lastSun 2s 1 D
+R r 2001 2007 - O lastSun 2s 1 D
+R r 2006 o - Ap Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R r 2007 o - Mar lastSun 2s 0 S
+R r 2008 ma - Ap Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R r 2008 ma - O Sun>=1 2s 1 D
+Z Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 F
+10 l AE%sT 1971
+10 r AE%sT
+R s 1971 1985 - O lastSun 2s 1 D
+R s 1972 o - F 27 2s 0 S
+R s 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R s 1982 o - Ap Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R s 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R s 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2s 0 S
+R s 1986 o - O 19 2s 1 D
+R s 1987 1999 - O lastSun 2s 1 D
+R s 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R s 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2s 0 S
+R s 2000 o - Au lastSun 2s 1 D
+R s 2001 2007 - O lastSun 2s 1 D
+R s 2006 o - Ap Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R s 2007 o - Mar lastSun 2s 0 S
+R s 2008 ma - Ap Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R s 2008 ma - O Sun>=1 2s 1 D
+Z Australia/Sydney 10:4:52 - LMT 1895 F
+10 l AE%sT 1971
+10 s AE%sT
+Z Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 F
+10 - AEST 1896 Au 23
+9 - ACST 1899 May
+9:30 l AC%sT 1971
+9:30 s AC%sT 2000
+9:30 p AC%sT
+R t 1981 1984 - O lastSun 2 1 D
+R t 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2 0 S
+R t 1985 o - O lastSun 2 0:30 D
+R t 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2 0 S
+R t 1986 o - O 19 2 0:30 D
+R t 1987 1999 - O lastSun 2 0:30 D
+R t 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2 0 S
+R t 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2 0 S
+R t 2000 o - Au lastSun 2 0:30 D
+R t 2001 2007 - O lastSun 2 0:30 D
+R t 2006 o - Ap Sun>=1 2 0 S
+R t 2007 o - Mar lastSun 2 0 S
+R t 2008 ma - Ap Sun>=1 2 0 S
+R t 2008 ma - O Sun>=1 2 0:30 D
+Z Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 F
+10 - AEST 1981 Mar
+10:30 t +1030/+1130 1985 Jul
+10:30 t +1030/+11
+Z Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 N
+10 - AEST 1916 O 1 2
+10 1 AEDT 1917 F
+10 l AE%sT 1919 Ap 1 0s
+0 - -00 1948 Mar 25
+10 l AE%sT 1967
+10 q AE%sT 2010 Ap 4 3
+11 - +11
+Z Indian/Christmas 7:2:52 - LMT 1895 F
+7 - +07
+Z Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
+6:30 - +0630
+R u 1998 1999 - N Sun>=1 2 1 S
+R u 1999 2000 - F lastSun 3 0 -
+R u 2009 o - N 29 2 1 S
+R u 2010 o - Mar lastSun 3 0 -
+R u 2010 2013 - O Sun>=21 2 1 S
+R u 2011 o - Mar Sun>=1 3 0 -
+R u 2012 2013 - Ja Sun>=18 3 0 -
+R u 2014 o - Ja Sun>=18 2 0 -
+R u 2014 ma - N Sun>=1 2 1 S
+R u 2015 ma - Ja Sun>=14 3 0 -
+Z Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 O 26
+12 u +12/+13
+Z Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 O
+-9 - -09
+Z Pacific/Marquesas -9:18 - LMT 1912 O
+-9:30 - -0930
+Z Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 O
+-10 - -10
+Z Pacific/Guam -14:21 - LMT 1844 D 31
+9:39 - LMT 1901
+10 - GST 2000 D 23
+10 - ChST
+Li Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan
+Z Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:4 - LMT 1901
+12 - +12
+Z Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
+-12 - -12 1979 O
+-11 - -11 1995
+13 - +13
+Z Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
+-10:40 - -1040 1979 O
+-10 - -10 1995
+14 - +14
+Z Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
+11 - +11 1969 O
+12 - +12
+Z Pacific/Kwajalein 11:9:20 - LMT 1901
+11 - +11 1969 O
+-12 - -12 1993 Au 20
+12 - +12
+Z Pacific/Chuuk 10:7:8 - LMT 1901
+10 - +10
+Z Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901
+11 - +11
+Z Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
+11 - +11 1969 O
+12 - +12 1999
+11 - +11
+Z Pacific/Nauru 11:7:40 - LMT 1921 Ja 15
+11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15
+9 - +09 1944 Au 15
+11:30 - +1130 1979 May
+12 - +12
+R v 1977 1978 - D Sun>=1 0 1 S
+R v 1978 1979 - F 27 0 0 -
+R v 1996 o - D 1 2s 1 S
+R v 1997 o - Mar 2 2s 0 -
+Z Pacific/Noumea 11:5:48 - LMT 1912 Ja 13
+11 v +11/+12
+R w 1927 o - N 6 2 1 S
+R w 1928 o - Mar 4 2 0 M
+R w 1928 1933 - O Sun>=8 2 0:30 S
+R w 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2 0 M
+R w 1934 1940 - Ap lastSun 2 0 M
+R w 1934 1940 - S lastSun 2 0:30 S
+R w 1946 o - Ja 1 0 0 S
+R w 1974 o - N Sun>=1 2s 1 D
+R x 1974 o - N Sun>=1 2:45s 1 D
+R w 1975 o - F lastSun 2s 0 S
+R x 1975 o - F lastSun 2:45s 0 S
+R w 1975 1988 - O lastSun 2s 1 D
+R x 1975 1988 - O lastSun 2:45s 1 D
+R w 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R x 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
+R w 1989 o - O Sun>=8 2s 1 D
+R x 1989 o - O Sun>=8 2:45s 1 D
+R w 1990 2006 - O Sun>=1 2s 1 D
+R x 1990 2006 - O Sun>=1 2:45s 1 D
+R w 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2s 0 S
+R x 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
+R w 2007 ma - S lastSun 2s 1 D
+R x 2007 ma - S lastSun 2:45s 1 D
+R w 2008 ma - Ap Sun>=1 2s 0 S
+R x 2008 ma - Ap Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
+Z Pacific/Auckland 11:39:4 - LMT 1868 N 2
+11:30 w NZ%sT 1946
+12 w NZ%sT
+Z Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 N 2
+12:15 - +1215 1946
+12:45 x +1245/+1345
+Li Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
+R y 1978 o - N 12 0 0:30 HS
+R y 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0 0 -
+R y 1979 1990 - O lastSun 0 0:30 HS
+Z Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:4 - LMT 1901
+-10:30 - -1030 1978 N 12
+-10 y -10/-0930
+Z Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901
+-11:20 - -1120 1951
+-11:30 - -1130 1978 O
+-11 - -11
+Z Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901
+11:12 - +1112 1951
+11:30 - +1130 1974 O 27 2
+11:30 1 +1230 1975 Mar 2 2
+11:30 - +1130 2015 O 4 2
+11 - +11
+Z Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901
+9 - +09
+Z Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
+9:48:32 - PMMT 1895
+10 - +10
+Z Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880
+9:48:32 - PMMT 1895
+10 - +10 1942 Jul
+9 - +09 1945 Au 21
+10 - +10 2014 D 28 2
+11 - +11
+Z Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901
+-8:30 - -0830 1998 Ap 27
+-8 - -08
+Z Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5
+-11:22:48 - LMT 1911
+-11 - SST
+Li Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway
+R z 2010 o - S lastSun 0 1 D
+R z 2011 o - Ap Sat>=1 4 0 S
+R z 2011 o - S lastSat 3 1 D
+R z 2012 ma - Ap Sun>=1 4 0 S
+R z 2012 ma - S lastSun 3 1 D
+Z Pacific/Apia 12:33:4 - LMT 1892 Jul 5
+-11:26:56 - LMT 1911
+-11:30 - -1130 1950
+-11 z -11/-10 2011 D 29 24
+13 z +13/+14
+Z Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 O
+11 - +11
+Z Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
+-11 - -11 2011 D 30
+13 - +13
+R ! 1999 o - O 7 2s 1 S
+R ! 2000 o - Mar 19 2s 0 -
+R ! 2000 2001 - N Sun>=1 2 1 S
+R ! 2001 2002 - Ja lastSun 2 0 -
+R ! 2016 o - N Sun>=1 2 1 S
+R ! 2017 o - Ja Sun>=15 3 0 -
+Z Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
+12:20 - +1220 1941
+13 - +13 1999
+13 ! +13/+14
+Z Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
+12 - +12
+Z Pacific/Wake 11:6:28 - LMT 1901
+12 - +12
+R $ 1983 o - S 25 0 1 S
+R $ 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0 0 -
+R $ 1984 o - O 23 0 1 S
+R $ 1985 1991 - S Sun>=23 0 1 S
+R $ 1992 1993 - Ja Sun>=23 0 0 -
+R $ 1992 o - O Sun>=23 0 1 S
+Z Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Ja 13
+11 $ +11/+12
+Z Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+12 - +12
+R % 1916 o - May 21 2s 1 BST
+R % 1916 o - O 1 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1917 o - Ap 8 2s 1 BST
+R % 1917 o - S 17 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1918 o - Mar 24 2s 1 BST
+R % 1918 o - S 30 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1919 o - Mar 30 2s 1 BST
+R % 1919 o - S 29 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1920 o - Mar 28 2s 1 BST
+R % 1920 o - O 25 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1921 o - Ap 3 2s 1 BST
+R % 1921 o - O 3 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1922 o - Mar 26 2s 1 BST
+R % 1922 o - O 8 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1923 o - Ap Sun>=16 2s 1 BST
+R % 1923 1924 - S Sun>=16 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1924 o - Ap Sun>=9 2s 1 BST
+R % 1925 1926 - Ap Sun>=16 2s 1 BST
+R % 1925 1938 - O Sun>=2 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1927 o - Ap Sun>=9 2s 1 BST
+R % 1928 1929 - Ap Sun>=16 2s 1 BST
+R % 1930 o - Ap Sun>=9 2s 1 BST
+R % 1931 1932 - Ap Sun>=16 2s 1 BST
+R % 1933 o - Ap Sun>=9 2s 1 BST
+R % 1934 o - Ap Sun>=16 2s 1 BST
+R % 1935 o - Ap Sun>=9 2s 1 BST
+R % 1936 1937 - Ap Sun>=16 2s 1 BST
+R % 1938 o - Ap Sun>=9 2s 1 BST
+R % 1939 o - Ap Sun>=16 2s 1 BST
+R % 1939 o - N Sun>=16 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1940 o - F Sun>=23 2s 1 BST
+R % 1941 o - May Sun>=2 1s 2 BDST
+R % 1941 1943 - Au Sun>=9 1s 1 BST
+R % 1942 1944 - Ap Sun>=2 1s 2 BDST
+R % 1944 o - S Sun>=16 1s 1 BST
+R % 1945 o - Ap M>=2 1s 2 BDST
+R % 1945 o - Jul Sun>=9 1s 1 BST
+R % 1945 1946 - O Sun>=2 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1946 o - Ap Sun>=9 2s 1 BST
+R % 1947 o - Mar 16 2s 1 BST
+R % 1947 o - Ap 13 1s 2 BDST
+R % 1947 o - Au 10 1s 1 BST
+R % 1947 o - N 2 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1948 o - Mar 14 2s 1 BST
+R % 1948 o - O 31 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1949 o - Ap 3 2s 1 BST
+R % 1949 o - O 30 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1950 1952 - Ap Sun>=14 2s 1 BST
+R % 1950 1952 - O Sun>=21 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1953 o - Ap Sun>=16 2s 1 BST
+R % 1953 1960 - O Sun>=2 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1954 o - Ap Sun>=9 2s 1 BST
+R % 1955 1956 - Ap Sun>=16 2s 1 BST
+R % 1957 o - Ap Sun>=9 2s 1 BST
+R % 1958 1959 - Ap Sun>=16 2s 1 BST
+R % 1960 o - Ap Sun>=9 2s 1 BST
+R % 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2s 1 BST
+R % 1961 1968 - O Sun>=23 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2s 1 BST
+R % 1968 o - F 18 2s 1 BST
+R % 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2s 1 BST
+R % 1972 1980 - O Sun>=23 2s 0 GMT
+R % 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1u 1 BST
+R % 1981 1989 - O Sun>=23 1u 0 GMT
+R % 1990 1995 - O Sun>=22 1u 0 GMT
+Z Europe/London -0:1:15 - LMT 1847 D 1 0s
+0 % %s 1968 O 27
+1 - BST 1971 O 31 2u
+0 % %s 1996
+0 O GMT/BST
+Li Europe/London Europe/Jersey
+Li Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
+Li Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
+Z Europe/Dublin -0:25 - LMT 1880 Au 2
+-0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2s
+-0:25:21 1 IST 1916 O 1 2s
+0 % %s 1921 D 6
+0 % GMT/IST 1940 F 25 2s
+0 1 IST 1946 O 6 2s
+0 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2s
+0 1 IST 1947 N 2 2s
+0 - GMT 1948 Ap 18 2s
+0 % GMT/IST 1968 O 27
+1 - IST 1971 O 31 2u
+0 % GMT/IST 1996
+0 O GMT/IST
+R O 1977 1980 - Ap Sun>=1 1u 1 S
+R O 1977 o - S lastSun 1u 0 -
+R O 1978 o - O 1 1u 0 -
+R O 1979 1995 - S lastSun 1u 0 -
+R O 1981 ma - Mar lastSun 1u 1 S
+R O 1996 ma - O lastSun 1u 0 -
+R & 1977 1980 - Ap Sun>=1 1s 1 S
+R & 1977 o - S lastSun 1s 0 -
+R & 1978 o - O 1 1s 0 -
+R & 1979 1995 - S lastSun 1s 0 -
+R & 1981 ma - Mar lastSun 1s 1 S
+R & 1996 ma - O lastSun 1s 0 -
+R ' 1916 o - Ap 30 23 1 S
+R ' 1916 o - O 1 1 0 -
+R ' 1917 1918 - Ap M>=15 2s 1 S
+R ' 1917 1918 - S M>=15 2s 0 -
+R ' 1940 o - Ap 1 2s 1 S
+R ' 1942 o - N 2 2s 0 -
+R ' 1943 o - Mar 29 2s 1 S
+R ' 1943 o - O 4 2s 0 -
+R ' 1944 1945 - Ap M>=1 2s 1 S
+R ' 1944 o - O 2 2s 0 -
+R ' 1945 o - S 16 2s 0 -
+R ' 1977 1980 - Ap Sun>=1 2s 1 S
+R ' 1977 o - S lastSun 2s 0 -
+R ' 1978 o - O 1 2s 0 -
+R ' 1979 1995 - S lastSun 2s 0 -
+R ' 1981 ma - Mar lastSun 2s 1 S
+R ' 1996 ma - O lastSun 2s 0 -
+R W 1977 1980 - Ap Sun>=1 0 1 S
+R W 1977 o - S lastSun 0 0 -
+R W 1978 o - O 1 0 0 -
+R W 1979 1995 - S lastSun 0 0 -
+R W 1981 ma - Mar lastSun 0 1 S
+R W 1996 ma - O lastSun 0 0 -
+R M 1917 o - Jul 1 23 1 MST
+R M 1917 o - D 28 0 0 MMT
+R M 1918 o - May 31 22 2 MDST
+R M 1918 o - S 16 1 1 MST
+R M 1919 o - May 31 23 2 MDST
+R M 1919 o - Jul 1 0u 1 MSD
+R M 1919 o - Au 16 0 0 MSK
+R M 1921 o - F 14 23 1 MSD
+R M 1921 o - Mar 20 23 2 +05
+R M 1921 o - S 1 0 1 MSD
+R M 1921 o - O 1 0 0 -
+R M 1981 1984 - Ap 1 0 1 S
+R M 1981 1983 - O 1 0 0 -
+R M 1984 1995 - S lastSun 2s 0 -
+R M 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2s 1 S
+R M 1996 2010 - O lastSun 2s 0 -
+Z WET 0 O WE%sT
+Z CET 1 ' CE%sT
+Z MET 1 ' ME%sT
+Z EET 2 O EE%sT
+R ( 1940 o - Jun 16 0 1 S
+R ( 1942 o - N 2 3 0 -
+R ( 1943 o - Mar 29 2 1 S
+R ( 1943 o - Ap 10 3 0 -
+R ( 1974 o - May 4 0 1 S
+R ( 1974 o - O 2 0 0 -
+R ( 1975 o - May 1 0 1 S
+R ( 1975 o - O 2 0 0 -
+R ( 1976 o - May 2 0 1 S
+R ( 1976 o - O 3 0 0 -
+R ( 1977 o - May 8 0 1 S
+R ( 1977 o - O 2 0 0 -
+R ( 1978 o - May 6 0 1 S
+R ( 1978 o - O 1 0 0 -
+R ( 1979 o - May 5 0 1 S
+R ( 1979 o - S 30 0 0 -
+R ( 1980 o - May 3 0 1 S
+R ( 1980 o - O 4 0 0 -
+R ( 1981 o - Ap 26 0 1 S
+R ( 1981 o - S 27 0 0 -
+R ( 1982 o - May 2 0 1 S
+R ( 1982 o - O 3 0 0 -
+R ( 1983 o - Ap 18 0 1 S
+R ( 1983 o - O 1 0 0 -
+R ( 1984 o - Ap 1 0 1 S
+Z Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
+1 - CET 1940 Jun 16
+1 ( CE%sT 1984 Jul
+1 O CE%sT
+Z Europe/Andorra 0:6:4 - LMT 1901
+0 - WET 1946 S 30
+1 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2
+1 O CE%sT
+R ) 1920 o - Ap 5 2s 1 S
+R ) 1920 o - S 13 2s 0 -
+R ) 1946 o - Ap 14 2s 1 S
+R ) 1946 1948 - O Sun>=1 2s 0 -
+R ) 1947 o - Ap 6 2s 1 S
+R ) 1948 o - Ap 18 2s 1 S
+R ) 1980 o - Ap 6 0 1 S
+R ) 1980 o - S 28 0 0 -
+Z Europe/Vienna 1:5:21 - LMT 1893 Ap
+1 ' CE%sT 1920
+1 ) CE%sT 1940 Ap 1 2s
+1 ' CE%sT 1945 Ap 2 2s
+1 1 CEST 1945 Ap 12 2s
+1 - CET 1946
+1 ) CE%sT 1981
+1 O CE%sT
+Z Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
+1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2
+2 - EET 1930 Jun 21
+3 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
+1 ' CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
+3 M MSK/MSD 1990
+3 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2s
+2 M EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2s
+3 - +03
+R * 1918 o - Mar 9 0s 1 S
+R * 1918 1919 - O Sat>=1 23s 0 -
+R * 1919 o - Mar 1 23s 1 S
+R * 1920 o - F 14 23s 1 S
+R * 1920 o - O 23 23s 0 -
+R * 1921 o - Mar 14 23s 1 S
+R * 1921 o - O 25 23s 0 -
+R * 1922 o - Mar 25 23s 1 S
+R * 1922 1927 - O Sat>=1 23s 0 -
+R * 1923 o - Ap 21 23s 1 S
+R * 1924 o - Mar 29 23s 1 S
+R * 1925 o - Ap 4 23s 1 S
+R * 1926 o - Ap 17 23s 1 S
+R * 1927 o - Ap 9 23s 1 S
+R * 1928 o - Ap 14 23s 1 S
+R * 1928 1938 - O Sun>=2 2s 0 -
+R * 1929 o - Ap 21 2s 1 S
+R * 1930 o - Ap 13 2s 1 S
+R * 1931 o - Ap 19 2s 1 S
+R * 1932 o - Ap 3 2s 1 S
+R * 1933 o - Mar 26 2s 1 S
+R * 1934 o - Ap 8 2s 1 S
+R * 1935 o - Mar 31 2s 1 S
+R * 1936 o - Ap 19 2s 1 S
+R * 1937 o - Ap 4 2s 1 S
+R * 1938 o - Mar 27 2s 1 S
+R * 1939 o - Ap 16 2s 1 S
+R * 1939 o - N 19 2s 0 -
+R * 1940 o - F 25 2s 1 S
+R * 1944 o - S 17 2s 0 -
+R * 1945 o - Ap 2 2s 1 S
+R * 1945 o - S 16 2s 0 -
+R * 1946 o - May 19 2s 1 S
+R * 1946 o - O 7 2s 0 -
+Z Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
+0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12
+0 - WET 1914 N 8
+1 - CET 1916 May
+1 ' CE%sT 1918 N 11 11u
+0 * WE%sT 1940 May 20 2s
+1 ' CE%sT 1944 S 3
+1 * CE%sT 1977
+1 O CE%sT
+R + 1979 o - Mar 31 23 1 S
+R + 1979 o - O 1 1 0 -
+R + 1980 1982 - Ap Sat>=1 23 1 S
+R + 1980 o - S 29 1 0 -
+R + 1981 o - S 27 2 0 -
+Z Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
+1:56:56 - IMT 1894 N 30
+2 - EET 1942 N 2 3
+1 ' CE%sT 1945
+1 - CET 1945 Ap 2 3
+2 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23
+2 + EE%sT 1982 S 26 3
+2 ' EE%sT 1991
+2 W EE%sT 1997
+2 O EE%sT
+R , 1945 o - Ap 8 2s 1 S
+R , 1945 o - N 18 2s 0 -
+R , 1946 o - May 6 2s 1 S
+R , 1946 1949 - O Sun>=1 2s 0 -
+R , 1947 o - Ap 20 2s 1 S
+R , 1948 o - Ap 18 2s 1 S
+R , 1949 o - Ap 9 2s 1 S
+Z Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
+0:57:44 - PMT 1891 O
+1 ' CE%sT 1944 S 17 2s
+1 , CE%sT 1979
+1 O CE%sT
+R . 1916 o - May 14 23 1 S
+R . 1916 o - S 30 23 0 -
+R . 1940 o - May 15 0 1 S
+R . 1945 o - Ap 2 2s 1 S
+R . 1945 o - Au 15 2s 0 -
+R . 1946 o - May 1 2s 1 S
+R . 1946 o - S 1 2s 0 -
+R . 1947 o - May 4 2s 1 S
+R . 1947 o - Au 10 2s 0 -
+R . 1948 o - May 9 2s 1 S
+R . 1948 o - Au 8 2s 0 -
+Z Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
+0:50:20 - CMT 1894
+1 . CE%sT 1942 N 2 2s
+1 ' CE%sT 1945 Ap 2 2
+1 . CE%sT 1980
+1 O CE%sT
+Z Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:4 - LMT 1908 Ja 11
+0 - WET 1981
+0 O WE%sT
+R / 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2 1 D
+R / 1991 1992 - S lastSun 2 0 S
+R / 1993 2006 - Ap Sun>=1 2 1 D
+R / 1993 2006 - O lastSun 2 0 S
+R / 2007 ma - Mar Sun>=8 2 1 D
+R / 2007 ma - N Sun>=1 2 0 S
+Z America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
+-3 - -03 1980 Ap 6 2
+-3 O -03/-02 1996
+0 - GMT
+Z America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
+-2 - -02 1980 Ap 6 2
+-2 ' -02/-01 1981 Mar 29
+-1 O -01/+00
+Z America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
+-3 - -03 1980 Ap 6 2
+-3 O -03/-02
+Z America/Thule -4:35:8 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
+-4 / A%sT
+Z Europe/Tallinn 1:39 - LMT 1880
+1:39 - TMT 1918 F
+1 ' CE%sT 1919 Jul
+1:39 - TMT 1921 May
+2 - EET 1940 Au 6
+3 - MSK 1941 S 15
+1 ' CE%sT 1944 S 22
+3 M MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2s
+2 1 EEST 1989 S 24 2s
+2 ' EE%sT 1998 S 22
+2 O EE%sT 1999 O 31 4
+2 - EET 2002 F 21
+2 O EE%sT
+R : 1942 o - Ap 2 24 1 S
+R : 1942 o - O 4 1 0 -
+R : 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2 1 S
+R : 1981 1982 - S lastSun 3 0 -
+Z Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31
+1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May
+2 : EE%sT 1983
+2 O EE%sT
+Li Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
+R ; 1916 o - Jun 14 23s 1 S
+R ; 1916 1919 - O Sun>=1 23s 0 -
+R ; 1917 o - Mar 24 23s 1 S
+R ; 1918 o - Mar 9 23s 1 S
+R ; 1919 o - Mar 1 23s 1 S
+R ; 1920 o - F 14 23s 1 S
+R ; 1920 o - O 23 23s 0 -
+R ; 1921 o - Mar 14 23s 1 S
+R ; 1921 o - O 25 23s 0 -
+R ; 1922 o - Mar 25 23s 1 S
+R ; 1922 1938 - O Sat>=1 23s 0 -
+R ; 1923 o - May 26 23s 1 S
+R ; 1924 o - Mar 29 23s 1 S
+R ; 1925 o - Ap 4 23s 1 S
+R ; 1926 o - Ap 17 23s 1 S
+R ; 1927 o - Ap 9 23s 1 S
+R ; 1928 o - Ap 14 23s 1 S
+R ; 1929 o - Ap 20 23s 1 S
+R ; 1930 o - Ap 12 23s 1 S
+R ; 1931 o - Ap 18 23s 1 S
+R ; 1932 o - Ap 2 23s 1 S
+R ; 1933 o - Mar 25 23s 1 S
+R ; 1934 o - Ap 7 23s 1 S
+R ; 1935 o - Mar 30 23s 1 S
+R ; 1936 o - Ap 18 23s 1 S
+R ; 1937 o - Ap 3 23s 1 S
+R ; 1938 o - Mar 26 23s 1 S
+R ; 1939 o - Ap 15 23s 1 S
+R ; 1939 o - N 18 23s 0 -
+R ; 1940 o - F 25 2 1 S
+R ; 1941 o - May 5 0 2 M
+R ; 1941 o - O 6 0 1 S
+R ; 1942 o - Mar 9 0 2 M
+R ; 1942 o - N 2 3 1 S
+R ; 1943 o - Mar 29 2 2 M
+R ; 1943 o - O 4 3 1 S
+R ; 1944 o - Ap 3 2 2 M
+R ; 1944 o - O 8 1 1 S
+R ; 1945 o - Ap 2 2 2 M
+R ; 1945 o - S 16 3 0 -
+R ; 1976 o - Mar 28 1 1 S
+R ; 1976 o - S 26 1 0 -
+Z Europe/Paris 0:9:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:1
+0:9:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:1
+0 ; WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23
+1 ' CE%sT 1944 Au 25
+0 ; WE%sT 1945 S 16 3
+1 ; CE%sT 1977
+1 O CE%sT
+R < 1946 o - Ap 14 2s 1 S
+R < 1946 o - O 7 2s 0 -
+R < 1947 1949 - O Sun>=1 2s 0 -
+R < 1947 o - Ap 6 3s 1 S
+R < 1947 o - May 11 2s 2 M
+R < 1947 o - Jun 29 3 1 S
+R < 1948 o - Ap 18 2s 1 S
+R < 1949 o - Ap 10 2s 1 S
+R = 1945 o - May 24 2 2 M
+R = 1945 o - S 24 3 1 S
+R = 1945 o - N 18 2s 0 -
+Z Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Ap
+1 ' CE%sT 1945 May 24 2
+1 = CE%sT 1946
+1 < CE%sT 1980
+1 O CE%sT
+Li Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
+Z Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Au 2 0s
+0 % %s 1957 Ap 14 2
+1 - CET 1982
+1 O CE%sT
+R > 1932 o - Jul 7 0 1 S
+R > 1932 o - S 1 0 0 -
+R > 1941 o - Ap 7 0 1 S
+R > 1942 o - N 2 3 0 -
+R > 1943 o - Mar 30 0 1 S
+R > 1943 o - O 4 0 0 -
+R > 1952 o - Jul 1 0 1 S
+R > 1952 o - N 2 0 0 -
+R > 1975 o - Ap 12 0s 1 S
+R > 1975 o - N 26 0s 0 -
+R > 1976 o - Ap 11 2s 1 S
+R > 1976 o - O 10 2s 0 -
+R > 1977 1978 - Ap Sun>=1 2s 1 S
+R > 1977 o - S 26 2s 0 -
+R > 1978 o - S 24 4 0 -
+R > 1979 o - Ap 1 9 1 S
+R > 1979 o - S 29 2 0 -
+R > 1980 o - Ap 1 0 1 S
+R > 1980 o - S 28 0 0 -
+Z Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 S 14
+1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:1
+2 > EE%sT 1941 Ap 30
+1 > CE%sT 1944 Ap 4
+2 > EE%sT 1981
+2 O EE%sT
+R ? 1918 o - Ap 1 3 1 S
+R ? 1918 o - S 16 3 0 -
+R ? 1919 o - Ap 15 3 1 S
+R ? 1919 o - N 24 3 0 -
+R ? 1945 o - May 1 23 1 S
+R ? 1945 o - N 1 0 0 -
+R ? 1946 o - Mar 31 2s 1 S
+R ? 1946 1949 - O Sun>=1 2s 0 -
+R ? 1947 1949 - Ap Sun>=4 2s 1 S
+R ? 1950 o - Ap 17 2s 1 S
+R ? 1950 o - O 23 2s 0 -
+R ? 1954 1955 - May 23 0 1 S
+R ? 1954 1955 - O 3 0 0 -
+R ? 1956 o - Jun Sun>=1 0 1 S
+R ? 1956 o - S lastSun 0 0 -
+R ? 1957 o - Jun Sun>=1 1 1 S
+R ? 1957 o - S lastSun 3 0 -
+R ? 1980 o - Ap 6 1 1 S
+Z Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 O
+1 ' CE%sT 1918
+1 ? CE%sT 1941 Ap 8
+1 ' CE%sT 1945
+1 ? CE%sT 1980 S 28 2s
+1 O CE%sT
+R @ 1917 1919 - F 19 23 1 S
+R @ 1917 o - O 21 1 0 -
+R @ 1918 1919 - N 16 1 0 -
+R @ 1921 o - Mar 19 23 1 S
+R @ 1921 o - Jun 23 1 0 -
+R @ 1939 o - Ap 29 23 1 S
+R @ 1939 o - O 29 2 0 -
+R @ 1940 o - F 25 2 1 S
+R @ 1940 1941 - N Sun>=2 1s 0 -
+R @ 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1s 1 S
+R @ 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1s 1 S
+R @ 1942 1948 - O Sun>=22 1s 0 -
+R @ 1947 1967 - Ap Sun>=1 1s 1 S
+R @ 1949 o - O 30 1s 0 -
+R @ 1950 1966 - O Sun>=22 1s 0 -
+R @ 1967 o - O 29 1s 0 -
+Z Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
+-1 @ -01/+00 1968 Ap 7 1s
+0 - GMT
+R [ 1916 o - Jun 3 24 1 S
+R [ 1916 1917 - S 30 24 0 -
+R [ 1917 o - Mar 31 24 1 S
+R [ 1918 o - Mar 9 24 1 S
+R [ 1918 o - O 6 24 0 -
+R [ 1919 o - Mar 1 24 1 S
+R [ 1919 o - O 4 24 0 -
+R [ 1920 o - Mar 20 24 1 S
+R [ 1920 o - S 18 24 0 -
+R [ 1940 o - Jun 14 24 1 S
+R [ 1942 o - N 2 2s 0 -
+R [ 1943 o - Mar 29 2s 1 S
+R [ 1943 o - O 4 2s 0 -
+R [ 1944 o - Ap 2 2s 1 S
+R [ 1944 o - S 17 2s 0 -
+R [ 1945 o - Ap 2 2 1 S
+R [ 1945 o - S 15 1 0 -
+R [ 1946 o - Mar 17 2s 1 S
+R [ 1946 o - O 6 2s 0 -
+R [ 1947 o - Mar 16 0s 1 S
+R [ 1947 o - O 5 0s 0 -
+R [ 1948 o - F 29 2s 1 S
+R [ 1948 o - O 3 2s 0 -
+R [ 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0s 1 S
+R [ 1966 o - S 24 24 0 -
+R [ 1967 1969 - S Sun>=22 0s 0 -
+R [ 1969 o - Jun 1 0s 1 S
+R [ 1970 o - May 31 0s 1 S
+R [ 1970 o - S lastSun 0s 0 -
+R [ 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0s 1 S
+R [ 1971 o - S lastSun 0s 0 -
+R [ 1972 o - O 1 0s 0 -
+R [ 1973 o - Jun 3 0s 1 S
+R [ 1973 1974 - S lastSun 0s 0 -
+R [ 1974 o - May 26 0s 1 S
+R [ 1975 o - Jun 1 0s 1 S
+R [ 1975 1977 - S lastSun 0s 0 -
+R [ 1976 o - May 30 0s 1 S
+R [ 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0s 1 S
+R [ 1978 o - O 1 0s 0 -
+R [ 1979 o - S 30 0s 0 -
+Z Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 S 22
+0:49:56 - RMT 1893 O 31 23:49:56
+1 [ CE%sT 1943 S 10
+1 ' CE%sT 1944 Jun 4
+1 [ CE%sT 1980
+1 O CE%sT
+Li Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
+Li Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
+R \ 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2s 1 S
+R \ 1989 1996 - S lastSun 2s 0 -
+Z Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880
+1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Ap 15 2
+1:36:34 1 LST 1918 S 16 3
+1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Ap 1 2
+1:36:34 1 LST 1919 May 22 3
+1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11
+2 - EET 1940 Au 5
+3 - MSK 1941 Jul
+1 ' CE%sT 1944 O 13
+3 M MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2s
+2 1 EEST 1989 S lastSun 2s
+2 \ EE%sT 1997 Ja 21
+2 O EE%sT 2000 F 29
+2 - EET 2001 Ja 2
+2 O EE%sT
+Li Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
+Z Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
+1:24 - WMT 1917
+1:35:36 - KMT 1919 O 10
+1 - CET 1920 Jul 12
+2 - EET 1920 O 9
+1 - CET 1940 Au 3
+3 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
+1 ' CE%sT 1944 Au
+3 M MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2s
+2 M EE%sT 1991 S 29 2s
+2 ' EE%sT 1998
+2 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1u
+1 O CE%sT 1999 O 31 1u
+2 - EET 2003
+2 O EE%sT
+R ] 1916 o - May 14 23 1 S
+R ] 1916 o - O 1 1 0 -
+R ] 1917 o - Ap 28 23 1 S
+R ] 1917 o - S 17 1 0 -
+R ] 1918 o - Ap M>=15 2s 1 S
+R ] 1918 o - S M>=15 2s 0 -
+R ] 1919 o - Mar 1 23 1 S
+R ] 1919 o - O 5 3 0 -
+R ] 1920 o - F 14 23 1 S
+R ] 1920 o - O 24 2 0 -
+R ] 1921 o - Mar 14 23 1 S
+R ] 1921 o - O 26 2 0 -
+R ] 1922 o - Mar 25 23 1 S
+R ] 1922 o - O Sun>=2 1 0 -
+R ] 1923 o - Ap 21 23 1 S
+R ] 1923 o - O Sun>=2 2 0 -
+R ] 1924 o - Mar 29 23 1 S
+R ] 1924 1928 - O Sun>=2 1 0 -
+R ] 1925 o - Ap 5 23 1 S
+R ] 1926 o - Ap 17 23 1 S
+R ] 1927 o - Ap 9 23 1 S
+R ] 1928 o - Ap 14 23 1 S
+R ] 1929 o - Ap 20 23 1 S
+Z Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
+1 ] CE%sT 1918 N 25
+0 ] WE%sT 1929 O 6 2s
+0 * WE%sT 1940 May 14 3
+1 ' WE%sT 1944 S 18 3
+1 * CE%sT 1977
+1 O CE%sT
+R ^ 1973 o - Mar 31 0s 1 S
+R ^ 1973 o - S 29 0s 0 -
+R ^ 1974 o - Ap 21 0s 1 S
+R ^ 1974 o - S 16 0s 0 -
+R ^ 1975 1979 - Ap Sun>=15 2 1 S
+R ^ 1975 1980 - S Sun>=15 2 0 -
+R ^ 1980 o - Mar 31 2 1 S
+Z Europe/Malta 0:58:4 - LMT 1893 N 2 0s
+1 [ CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
+1 ^ CE%sT 1981
+1 O CE%sT
+R _ 1997 ma - Mar lastSun 2 1 S
+R _ 1997 ma - O lastSun 3 0 -
+Z Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
+1:55 - CMT 1918 F 15
+1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24
+2 ` EE%sT 1940 Au 15
+2 1 EEST 1941 Jul 17
+1 ' CE%sT 1944 Au 24
+3 M MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2
+2 M EE%sT 1992
+2 W EE%sT 1997
+2 _ EE%sT
+Z Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
+0:9:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11
+0 ; WE%sT 1945 S 16 3
+1 ; CE%sT 1977
+1 O CE%sT
+R { 1916 o - May 1 0 1 NST
+R { 1916 o - O 1 0 0 AMT
+R { 1917 o - Ap 16 2s 1 NST
+R { 1917 o - S 17 2s 0 AMT
+R { 1918 1921 - Ap M>=1 2s 1 NST
+R { 1918 1921 - S lastM 2s 0 AMT
+R { 1922 o - Mar lastSun 2s 1 NST
+R { 1922 1936 - O Sun>=2 2s 0 AMT
+R { 1923 o - Jun F>=1 2s 1 NST
+R { 1924 o - Mar lastSun 2s 1 NST
+R { 1925 o - Jun F>=1 2s 1 NST
+R { 1926 1931 - May 15 2s 1 NST
+R { 1932 o - May 22 2s 1 NST
+R { 1933 1936 - May 15 2s 1 NST
+R { 1937 o - May 22 2s 1 NST
+R { 1937 o - Jul 1 0 1 S
+R { 1937 1939 - O Sun>=2 2s 0 -
+R { 1938 1939 - May 15 2s 1 S
+R { 1945 o - Ap 2 2s 1 S
+R { 1945 o - S 16 2s 0 -
+Z Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
+0:19:32 { %s 1937 Jul
+0:20 { +0020/+0120 1940 May 16
+1 ' CE%sT 1945 Ap 2 2
+1 { CE%sT 1977
+1 O CE%sT
+R | 1916 o - May 22 1 1 S
+R | 1916 o - S 30 0 0 -
+R | 1945 o - Ap 2 2s 1 S
+R | 1945 o - O 1 2s 0 -
+R | 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2s 1 S
+R | 1959 1965 - S Sun>=15 2s 0 -
+R | 1965 o - Ap 25 2s 1 S
+Z Europe/Oslo 0:43 - LMT 1895
+1 | CE%sT 1940 Au 10 23
+1 ' CE%sT 1945 Ap 2 2
+1 | CE%sT 1980
+1 O CE%sT
+Li Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
+R } 1918 1919 - S 16 2s 0 -
+R } 1919 o - Ap 15 2s 1 S
+R } 1944 o - Ap 3 2s 1 S
+R } 1944 o - O 4 2 0 -
+R } 1945 o - Ap 29 0 1 S
+R } 1945 o - N 1 0 0 -
+R } 1946 o - Ap 14 0s 1 S
+R } 1946 o - O 7 2s 0 -
+R } 1947 o - May 4 2s 1 S
+R } 1947 1949 - O Sun>=1 2s 0 -
+R } 1948 o - Ap 18 2s 1 S
+R } 1949 o - Ap 10 2s 1 S
+R } 1957 o - Jun 2 1s 1 S
+R } 1957 1958 - S lastSun 1s 0 -
+R } 1958 o - Mar 30 1s 1 S
+R } 1959 o - May 31 1s 1 S
+R } 1959 1961 - O Sun>=1 1s 0 -
+R } 1960 o - Ap 3 1s 1 S
+R } 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1s 1 S
+R } 1962 1964 - S lastSun 1s 0 -
+Z Europe/Warsaw 1:24 - LMT 1880
+1:24 - WMT 1915 Au 5
+1 ' CE%sT 1918 S 16 3
+2 } EE%sT 1922 Jun
+1 } CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2
+1 ' CE%sT 1944 O
+1 } CE%sT 1977
+1 & CE%sT 1988
+1 O CE%sT
+R ~ 1916 o - Jun 17 23 1 S
+R ~ 1916 o - N 1 1 0 -
+R ~ 1917 o - F 28 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1917 1921 - O 14 23s 0 -
+R ~ 1918 o - Mar 1 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1919 o - F 28 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1920 o - F 29 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1921 o - F 28 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1924 o - Ap 16 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1924 o - O 14 23s 0 -
+R ~ 1926 o - Ap 17 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1926 1929 - O Sat>=1 23s 0 -
+R ~ 1927 o - Ap 9 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1928 o - Ap 14 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1929 o - Ap 20 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1931 o - Ap 18 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1931 1932 - O Sat>=1 23s 0 -
+R ~ 1932 o - Ap 2 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1934 o - Ap 7 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1934 1938 - O Sat>=1 23s 0 -
+R ~ 1935 o - Mar 30 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1936 o - Ap 18 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1937 o - Ap 3 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1938 o - Mar 26 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1939 o - Ap 15 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1939 o - N 18 23s 0 -
+R ~ 1940 o - F 24 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1940 1941 - O 5 23s 0 -
+R ~ 1941 o - Ap 5 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1942 o - Ap 25 22s 2 M
+R ~ 1942 o - Au 15 22s 1 S
+R ~ 1942 1945 - O Sat>=24 23s 0 -
+R ~ 1943 o - Ap 17 22s 2 M
+R ~ 1943 1945 - Au Sat>=25 22s 1 S
+R ~ 1944 1945 - Ap Sat>=21 22s 2 M
+R ~ 1946 o - Ap Sat>=1 23s 1 S
+R ~ 1946 o - O Sat>=1 23s 0 -
+R ~ 1947 1949 - Ap Sun>=1 2s 1 S
+R ~ 1947 1949 - O Sun>=1 2s 0 -
+R ~ 1951 1965 - Ap Sun>=1 2s 1 S
+R ~ 1951 1965 - O Sun>=1 2s 0 -
+R ~ 1977 o - Mar 27 0s 1 S
+R ~ 1977 o - S 25 0s 0 -
+R ~ 1978 1979 - Ap Sun>=1 0s 1 S
+R ~ 1978 o - O 1 0s 0 -
+R ~ 1979 1982 - S lastSun 1s 0 -
+R ~ 1980 o - Mar lastSun 0s 1 S
+R ~ 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1s 1 S
+R ~ 1983 o - Mar lastSun 2s 1 S
+Z Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
+-0:36:45 - LMT 1912
+0 ~ WE%sT 1966 Ap 3 2
+1 - CET 1976 S 26 1
+0 ~ WE%sT 1983 S 25 1s
+0 & WE%sT 1992 S 27 1s
+1 O CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1u
+0 O WE%sT
+Z Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884
+-1:54:32 - HMT 1912
+-2 ~ -02/-01 1942 Ap 25 22s
+-2 ~ +00 1942 Au 15 22s
+-2 ~ -02/-01 1943 Ap 17 22s
+-2 ~ +00 1943 Au 28 22s
+-2 ~ -02/-01 1944 Ap 22 22s
+-2 ~ +00 1944 Au 26 22s
+-2 ~ -02/-01 1945 Ap 21 22s
+-2 ~ +00 1945 Au 25 22s
+-2 ~ -02/-01 1966 Ap 3 2
+-1 ~ -01/+00 1983 S 25 1s
+-1 & -01/+00 1992 S 27 1s
+0 O WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1u
+-1 O -01/+00
+Z Atlantic/Madeira -1:7:36 - LMT 1884
+-1:7:36 - FMT 1912
+-1 ~ -01/+00 1942 Ap 25 22s
+-1 ~ +01 1942 Au 15 22s
+-1 ~ -01/+00 1943 Ap 17 22s
+-1 ~ +01 1943 Au 28 22s
+-1 ~ -01/+00 1944 Ap 22 22s
+-1 ~ +01 1944 Au 26 22s
+-1 ~ -01/+00 1945 Ap 21 22s
+-1 ~ +01 1945 Au 25 22s
+-1 ~ -01/+00 1966 Ap 3 2
+0 ~ WE%sT 1983 S 25 1s
+0 O WE%sT
+R ` 1932 o - May 21 0s 1 S
+R ` 1932 1939 - O Sun>=1 0s 0 -
+R ` 1933 1939 - Ap Sun>=2 0s 1 S
+R ` 1979 o - May 27 0 1 S
+R ` 1979 o - S lastSun 0 0 -
+R ` 1980 o - Ap 5 23 1 S
+R ` 1980 o - S lastSun 1 0 -
+R ` 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0s 1 S
+R ` 1991 1993 - S lastSun 0s 0 -
+Z Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 O
+1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24
+2 ` EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2s
+2 ' EE%sT 1991
+2 ` EE%sT 1994
+2 W EE%sT 1997
+2 O EE%sT
+Z Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22 - LMT 1893 Ap
+1 ' CE%sT 1945
+2 } CE%sT 1946
+3 M MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2s
+2 M EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2s
+3 - +03 2014 O 26 2s
+2 - EET
+Z Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
+2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3
+2:31:19 M %s 1919 Jul 1 0u
+3 M %s 1921 O
+3 M MSK/MSD 1922 O
+2 - EET 1930 Jun 21
+3 M MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2s
+2 M EE%sT 1992 Ja 19 2s
+3 M MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2s
+4 - MSK 2014 O 26 2s
+3 - MSK
+Z Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
+2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2
+2 - EET 1930 Jun 21
+3 - MSK 1941 N
+1 ' CE%sT 1944 Ap 13
+3 M MSK/MSD 1990
+3 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2
+2 - EET 1992
+2 W EE%sT 1994 May
+3 W MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0s
+3 1 MSD 1996 O 27 3s
+3 M MSK/MSD 1997
+3 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1u
+2 O EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2
+4 - MSK 2014 O 26 2s
+3 - MSK
+Z Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May
+3 - +03 1930 Jun 21
+4 M +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2s
+3 M +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2s
+4 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2s
+3 M +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2s
+4 - +04 2014 O 26 2s
+3 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2s
+4 - +04
+Z Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Ja 3
+3 - +03 1930 Jun 21
+4 - +04 1961 N 11
+4 M +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2s
+3 M +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2s
+4 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2s
+3 M +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2s
+4 - +04 2014 O 26 2s
+3 - +03
+Z Europe/Saratov 3:4:18 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0u
+3 - +03 1930 Jun 21
+4 M +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2s
+3 M +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2s
+4 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2s
+3 M +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2s
+4 - +04 2014 O 26 2s
+3 - +03 2016 D 4 2s
+4 - +04
+Z Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0u
+3 - +03 1930 Jun 21
+4 M +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2s
+3 M +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2s
+4 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2s
+3 M +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2s
+4 - +04 2014 O 26 2s
+3 - +03
+Z Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0u
+3 - +03 1930 Jun 21
+4 - +04 1935 Ja 27
+4 M +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2s
+3 M +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2s
+2 M +02/+03 1991 S 29 2s
+3 - +03 1991 O 20 3
+4 M +04/+05 2010 Mar 28 2s
+3 M +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2s
+4 - +04
+Z Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0u
+3 - +03 1930 Jun 21
+4 M +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2s
+3 M +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2s
+2 M +02/+03 1992 Ja 19 2s
+3 M +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2s
+4 - +04 2014 O 26 2s
+3 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2s
+4 - +04
+Z Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:2:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3
+3:45:5 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4
+4 - +04 1930 Jun 21
+5 M +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2s
+4 M +04/+05 1992 Ja 19 2s
+5 M +05/+06 2011 Mar 27 2s
+6 - +06 2014 O 26 2s
+5 - +05
+Z Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 N 14
+5 - +05 1930 Jun 21
+6 M +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2s
+5 M +05/+06 1992 Ja 19 2s
+6 M +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2s
+7 - +07 2014 O 26 2s
+6 - +06
+Z Asia/Barnaul 5:35 - LMT 1919 D 10
+6 - +06 1930 Jun 21
+7 M +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2s
+6 M +06/+07 1992 Ja 19 2s
+7 M +07/+08 1995 May 28
+6 M +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2s
+7 - +07 2014 O 26 2s
+6 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2s
+7 - +07
+Z Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 D 14 6
+6 - +06 1930 Jun 21
+7 M +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2s
+6 M +06/+07 1992 Ja 19 2s
+7 M +07/+08 1993 May 23
+6 M +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2s
+7 - +07 2014 O 26 2s
+6 - +06 2016 Jul 24 2s
+7 - +07
+Z Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 D 22
+6 - +06 1930 Jun 21
+7 M +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2s
+6 M +06/+07 1992 Ja 19 2s
+7 M +07/+08 2002 May 1 3
+6 M +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2s
+7 - +07 2014 O 26 2s
+6 - +06 2016 May 29 2s
+7 - +07
+Z Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May
+6 - +06 1930 Jun 21
+7 M +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2s
+6 M +06/+07 1992 Ja 19 2s
+7 M +07/+08 2010 Mar 28 2s
+6 M +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2s
+7 - +07
+Z Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Ja 6
+6 - +06 1930 Jun 21
+7 M +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2s
+6 M +06/+07 1992 Ja 19 2s
+7 M +07/+08 2011 Mar 27 2s
+8 - +08 2014 O 26 2s
+7 - +07
+Z Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:5 - LMT 1880
+6:57:5 - IMT 1920 Ja 25
+7 - +07 1930 Jun 21
+8 M +08/+09 1991 Mar 31 2s
+7 M +07/+08 1992 Ja 19 2s
+8 M +08/+09 2011 Mar 27 2s
+9 - +09 2014 O 26 2s
+8 - +08
+Z Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 D 15
+8 - +08 1930 Jun 21
+9 M +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2s
+8 M +08/+09 1992 Ja 19 2s
+9 M +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2s
+10 - +10 2014 O 26 2s
+8 - +08 2016 Mar 27 2
+9 - +09
+Z Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 D 15
+8 - +08 1930 Jun 21
+9 M +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2s
+8 M +08/+09 1992 Ja 19 2s
+9 M +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2s
+10 - +10 2014 O 26 2s
+9 - +09
+Z Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 N 15
+9 - +09 1930 Jun 21
+10 M +10/+11 1991 Mar 31 2s
+9 M +09/+10 1992 Ja 19 2s
+10 M +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2s
+11 - +11 2014 O 26 2s
+10 - +10
+Z Asia/Khandyga 9:2:13 - LMT 1919 D 15
+8 - +08 1930 Jun 21
+9 M +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2s
+8 M +08/+09 1992 Ja 19 2s
+9 M +09/+10 2004
+10 M +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2s
+11 - +11 2011 S 13 0s
+10 - +10 2014 O 26 2s
+9 - +09
+Z Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Au 23
+9 - +09 1945 Au 25
+11 M +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2s
+10 M +10/+11 1992 Ja 19 2s
+11 M +11/+12 1997 Mar lastSun 2s
+10 M +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2s
+11 - +11 2014 O 26 2s
+10 - +10 2016 Mar 27 2s
+11 - +11
+Z Asia/Magadan 10:3:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
+10 - +10 1930 Jun 21
+11 M +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2s
+10 M +10/+11 1992 Ja 19 2s
+11 M +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2s
+12 - +12 2014 O 26 2s
+10 - +10 2016 Ap 24 2s
+11 - +11
+Z Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
+10 - +10 1930 Jun 21
+11 M +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2s
+10 M +10/+11 1992 Ja 19 2s
+11 M +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2s
+12 - +12 2014 O 26 2s
+11 - +11
+Z Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 D 15
+8 - +08 1930 Jun 21
+9 M +09/+10 1981 Ap
+11 M +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2s
+10 M +10/+11 1992 Ja 19 2s
+11 M +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2s
+12 - +12 2011 S 13 0s
+11 - +11 2014 O 26 2s
+10 - +10
+Z Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 N 10
+11 - +11 1930 Jun 21
+12 M +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2s
+11 M +11/+12 1992 Ja 19 2s
+12 M +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2s
+11 M +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2s
+12 - +12
+Z Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
+12 - +12 1930 Jun 21
+13 M +13/+14 1982 Ap 1 0s
+12 M +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2s
+11 M +11/+12 1992 Ja 19 2s
+12 M +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2s
+11 M +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2s
+12 - +12
+Z Europe/Belgrade 1:22 - LMT 1884
+1 - CET 1941 Ap 18 23
+1 ' CE%sT 1945
+1 - CET 1945 May 8 2s
+1 1 CEST 1945 S 16 2s
+1 - CET 1982 N 27
+1 O CE%sT
+Li Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana
+Li Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica
+Li Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo
+Li Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje
+Li Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb
+Li Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
+R AA 1918 o - Ap 15 23 1 S
+R AA 1918 1919 - O 6 24s 0 -
+R AA 1919 o - Ap 6 23 1 S
+R AA 1924 o - Ap 16 23 1 S
+R AA 1924 o - O 4 24s 0 -
+R AA 1926 o - Ap 17 23 1 S
+R AA 1926 1929 - O Sat>=1 24s 0 -
+R AA 1927 o - Ap 9 23 1 S
+R AA 1928 o - Ap 15 0 1 S
+R AA 1929 o - Ap 20 23 1 S
+R AA 1937 o - Jun 16 23 1 S
+R AA 1937 o - O 2 24s 0 -
+R AA 1938 o - Ap 2 23 1 S
+R AA 1938 o - Ap 30 23 2 M
+R AA 1938 o - O 2 24 1 S
+R AA 1939 o - O 7 24s 0 -
+R AA 1942 o - May 2 23 1 S
+R AA 1942 o - S 1 1 0 -
+R AA 1943 1946 - Ap Sat>=13 23 1 S
+R AA 1943 1944 - O Sun>=1 1 0 -
+R AA 1945 1946 - S lastSun 1 0 -
+R AA 1949 o - Ap 30 23 1 S
+R AA 1949 o - O 2 1 0 -
+R AA 1974 1975 - Ap Sat>=12 23 1 S
+R AA 1974 1975 - O Sun>=1 1 0 -
+R AA 1976 o - Mar 27 23 1 S
+R AA 1976 1977 - S lastSun 1 0 -
+R AA 1977 o - Ap 2 23 1 S
+R AA 1978 o - Ap 2 2s 1 S
+R AA 1978 o - O 1 2s 0 -
+R AB 1967 o - Jun 3 12 1 S
+R AB 1967 o - O 1 0 0 -
+R AB 1974 o - Jun 24 0 1 S
+R AB 1974 o - S 1 0 0 -
+R AB 1976 1977 - May 1 0 1 S
+R AB 1976 o - Au 1 0 0 -
+R AB 1977 o - S 28 0 0 -
+R AB 1978 o - Jun 1 0 1 S
+R AB 1978 o - Au 4 0 0 -
+Z Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1900 D 31 23:45:16
+0 AA WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23
+1 AA CE%sT 1979
+1 O CE%sT
+Z Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1900 D 31 23:38:44
+0 - WET 1918 May 6 23
+0 1 WEST 1918 O 7 23
+0 - WET 1924
+0 AA WE%sT 1929
+0 AB WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
+1 - CET 1986
+1 O CE%sT
+Z Atlantic/Canary -1:1:36 - LMT 1922 Mar
+-1 - -01 1946 S 30 1
+0 - WET 1980 Ap 6 0s
+0 1 WEST 1980 S 28 1u
+0 O WE%sT
+Z Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879
+1:0:14 - SET 1900
+1 - CET 1916 May 14 23
+1 1 CEST 1916 O 1 1
+1 - CET 1980
+1 O CE%sT
+R AC 1941 1942 - May M>=1 1 1 S
+R AC 1941 1942 - O M>=1 2 0 -
+Z Europe/Zurich 0:34:8 - LMT 1853 Jul 16
+0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun
+1 AC CE%sT 1981
+1 O CE%sT
+R AD 1916 o - May 1 0 1 S
+R AD 1916 o - O 1 0 0 -
+R AD 1920 o - Mar 28 0 1 S
+R AD 1920 o - O 25 0 0 -
+R AD 1921 o - Ap 3 0 1 S
+R AD 1921 o - O 3 0 0 -
+R AD 1922 o - Mar 26 0 1 S
+R AD 1922 o - O 8 0 0 -
+R AD 1924 o - May 13 0 1 S
+R AD 1924 1925 - O 1 0 0 -
+R AD 1925 o - May 1 0 1 S
+R AD 1940 o - Jun 30 0 1 S
+R AD 1940 o - O 5 0 0 -
+R AD 1940 o - D 1 0 1 S
+R AD 1941 o - S 21 0 0 -
+R AD 1942 o - Ap 1 0 1 S
+R AD 1942 o - N 1 0 0 -
+R AD 1945 o - Ap 2 0 1 S
+R AD 1945 o - O 8 0 0 -
+R AD 1946 o - Jun 1 0 1 S
+R AD 1946 o - O 1 0 0 -
+R AD 1947 1948 - Ap Sun>=16 0 1 S
+R AD 1947 1950 - O Sun>=2 0 0 -
+R AD 1949 o - Ap 10 0 1 S
+R AD 1950 o - Ap 19 0 1 S
+R AD 1951 o - Ap 22 0 1 S
+R AD 1951 o - O 8 0 0 -
+R AD 1962 o - Jul 15 0 1 S
+R AD 1962 o - O 8 0 0 -
+R AD 1964 o - May 15 0 1 S
+R AD 1964 o - O 1 0 0 -
+R AD 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0 1 S
+R AD 1970 1972 - O Sun>=2 0 0 -
+R AD 1973 o - Jun 3 1 1 S
+R AD 1973 o - N 4 3 0 -
+R AD 1974 o - Mar 31 2 1 S
+R AD 1974 o - N 3 5 0 -
+R AD 1975 o - Mar 30 0 1 S
+R AD 1975 1976 - O lastSun 0 0 -
+R AD 1976 o - Jun 1 0 1 S
+R AD 1977 1978 - Ap Sun>=1 0 1 S
+R AD 1977 o - O 16 0 0 -
+R AD 1979 1980 - Ap Sun>=1 3 1 S
+R AD 1979 1982 - O M>=11 0 0 -
+R AD 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3 1 S
+R AD 1983 o - Jul 31 0 1 S
+R AD 1983 o - O 2 0 0 -
+R AD 1985 o - Ap 20 0 1 S
+R AD 1985 o - S 28 0 0 -
+R AD 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1s 1 S
+R AD 1986 1995 - S lastSun 1s 0 -
+R AD 1994 o - Mar 20 1s 1 S
+R AD 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1s 1 S
+R AD 1996 2006 - O lastSun 1s 0 -
+Z Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
+1:56:56 - IMT 1910 O
+2 AD EE%sT 1978 O 15
+3 AD +03/+04 1985 Ap 20
+2 AD EE%sT 2007
+2 O EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1u
+2 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1u
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+2 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1u
+2 O EE%sT 2015 O 25 1u
+2 1 EEST 2015 N 8 1u
+2 O EE%sT 2016 S 7
+3 - +03
+Li Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul
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+2:2:4 - KMT 1924 May 2
+2 - EET 1930 Jun 21
+3 - MSK 1941 S 20
+1 ' CE%sT 1943 N 6
+3 M MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2
+2 1 EEST 1991 S 29 3
+2 W EE%sT 1995
+2 O EE%sT
+Z Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 O
+1 - CET 1940
+1 ' CE%sT 1944 O
+1 1 CEST 1944 O 26
+1 - CET 1945 Jun 29
+3 M MSK/MSD 1990
+3 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2
+1 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3
+2 - EET 1992
+2 W EE%sT 1995
+2 O EE%sT
+Z Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
+2:20 - +0220 1924 May 2
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+3 - MSK 1941 Au 25
+1 ' CE%sT 1943 O 25
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+2 W EE%sT 1995
+2 O EE%sT
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+Z America/New_York -4:56:2 - LMT 1883 N 18 12:3:58
+-5 AE E%sT 1920
+-5 AF E%sT 1942
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+-5 AE E%sT
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+-7 AE M%sT 1920
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+-7 AE M%sT
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+Z America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 N 18 12:7:2
+-8 AE P%sT 1946
+-8 AI P%sT 1967
+-8 AE P%sT
+Z America/Juneau 15:2:19 - LMT 1867 O 19 15:33:32
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+-8 - PST 1969
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+-9:59:36 - LMT 1900 Au 20 12
+-10 - AST 1942
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+-9 AE AK%sT
+Z America/Nome 12:58:22 - LMT 1867 O 19 13:29:35
+-11:1:38 - LMT 1900 Au 20 12
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+-11 AE N%sT 1946
+-11 - NST 1967 Ap
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+-9 AE AK%sT
+Z America/Adak 12:13:22 - LMT 1867 O 19 12:44:35
+-11:46:38 - LMT 1900 Au 20 12
+-11 - NST 1942
+-11 AE N%sT 1946
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+-10 AE H%sT
+Z Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Ja 13 12
+-10:30 - HST 1933 Ap 30 2
+-10:30 1 HDT 1933 May 21 12
+-10:30 - HST 1942 F 9 2
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+-10 - HST
+Z America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 N 18 11:31:42
+-7 AE M%sT 1944 Ja 1 0:1
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+-7 AE M%sT 1968 Mar 21
+-7 - MST
+Z America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 N 18 12:15:11
+-8 AE P%sT 1923 May 13 2
+-7 AE M%sT 1974
+-7 - MST 1974 F 3 2
+-7 AE M%sT
+R AJ 1941 o - Jun 22 2 1 D
+R AJ 1941 1954 - S lastSun 2 0 S
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+Z America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 N 18 12:15:22
+-6 AE C%sT 1920
+-6 AJ C%sT 1942
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+-6 AJ C%sT 1955 Ap 24 2
+-5 - EST 1957 S 29 2
+-6 - CST 1958 Ap 27 2
+-5 - EST 1969
+-5 AE E%sT 1971
+-5 - EST 2006
+-5 AE E%sT
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+-6 AE C%sT 1951
+-6 AK C%sT 1961 Ap 30 2
+-5 - EST 1969
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+-6 1 CDT 1974 O 27 2
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+-5 - EST 2006
+-5 AE E%sT
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+Z America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:7 - LMT 1883 N 18 12:9:53
+-6 AE C%sT 1946
+-6 AL C%sT 1964 Ap 26 2
+-5 - EST 1969
+-5 AE E%sT 1971
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+-6 AE C%sT 2007 N 4 2
+-5 AE E%sT
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+Z America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:3 - LMT 1883 N 18 12:12:57
+-6 AE C%sT 1946
+-6 AM C%sT 1964 Ap 26 2
+-5 - EST 1969
+-5 AE E%sT 1971
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+-6 AE C%sT
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+Z America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:7 - LMT 1883 N 18 12:10:53
+-6 AE C%sT 1955
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+-5 - EST 1966 O 30 2
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+-6 AE C%sT 2007 N 4 2
+-5 AE E%sT
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+Z America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 N 18 12:13:30
+-6 AE C%sT 1947
+-6 AO C%sT 1962 Ap 29 2
+-5 - EST 1963 O 27 2
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+-5 - EST 2006 Ap 2 2
+-6 AE C%sT
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+R AP 1957 1960 - S lastSun 2 0 S
+Z America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT 1883 N 18 12:13:35
+-6 AE C%sT 1946
+-6 AP C%sT 1961 Ap 30 2
+-5 - EST 1969
+-5 AE E%sT 1971
+-5 - EST 2006 Ap 2 2
+-6 AE C%sT 2007 Mar 11 2
+-5 AE E%sT
+Z America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 N 18 12:19:44
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+-5 - EST 1969
+-5 AE E%sT 1973
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+-5 AE E%sT
+R AQ 1921 o - May 1 2 1 D
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+Z America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:2 - LMT 1883 N 18 12:16:58
+-6 AE C%sT 1921
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+-5 - EST 1968
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+-6 1 CDT 1974 O 27 2
+-5 AE E%sT
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+-6 - CST 1968
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+-5 AE E%sT
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+Z America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905
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+-5 - EST 1942
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+-5 AR E%sT 1973
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+-5 AE E%sT
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+Z America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 S 18 12
+-6 AE C%sT 1946
+-6 AS C%sT 1969 Ap 27 2
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+-6 AE C%sT
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+Z America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884
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+-4 AU A%sT 2011 N
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+-4 - AST 1972
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+-5 - EST 1902 Jun 15
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+-4 AT A%sT
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+-4 AT A%sT 1970
+-4 - AST
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+-5 AT E%sT 1919
+-5 AX E%sT 1942 F 9 2s
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+-6 - CST 1910
+-5 - EST 1942
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+-5 1 EDT 1942 F 9 2s
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+-6 1 CDT 1942 F 9 2s
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+-5 - EST
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+-6 AY C%sT 2006
+-6 AT C%sT
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+-7 AZ M%sT 1960 Ap lastSun 2
+-6 - CST
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+-7 AZ M%sT 1950
+-7 Aa M%sT 1972 Ap lastSun 2
+-6 - CST
+R Ab 1918 1919 - Ap Sun>=8 2 1 D
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+-7 Ab M%sT 1987
+-7 AT M%sT
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+Z America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884
+-8 Ac P%sT 1987
+-8 AT P%sT
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+-8 AT P%sT 1947
+-8 Ac P%sT 1972 Au 30 2
+-7 - MST
+Z America/Fort_Nelson -8:10:47 - LMT 1884
+-8 Ac P%sT 1946
+-8 - PST 1947
+-8 Ac P%sT 1987
+-8 AT P%sT 2015 Mar 8 2
+-7 - MST
+Z America/Creston -7:46:4 - LMT 1884
+-7 - MST 1916 O
+-8 - PST 1918 Jun 2
+-7 - MST
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+R Ad 1919 o - N 1 0 0 S
+R Ad 1942 o - F 9 2 1 W
+R Ad 1945 o - Au 14 23u 1 P
+R Ad 1945 o - S 30 2 0 S
+R Ad 1965 o - Ap lastSun 0 2 DD
+R Ad 1965 o - O lastSun 2 0 S
+R Ad 1980 1986 - Ap lastSun 2 1 D
+R Ad 1980 2006 - O lastSun 2 0 S
+R Ad 1987 2006 - Ap Sun>=1 2 1 D
+Z America/Pangnirtung 0 - -00 1921
+-4 Ad A%sT 1995 Ap Sun>=1 2
+-5 AT E%sT 1999 O 31 2
+-6 AT C%sT 2000 O 29 2
+-5 AT E%sT
+Z America/Iqaluit 0 - -00 1942 Au
+-5 Ad E%sT 1999 O 31 2
+-6 AT C%sT 2000 O 29 2
+-5 AT E%sT
+Z America/Resolute 0 - -00 1947 Au 31
+-6 Ad C%sT 2000 O 29 2
+-5 - EST 2001 Ap 1 3
+-6 AT C%sT 2006 O 29 2
+-5 - EST 2007 Mar 11 3
+-6 AT C%sT
+Z America/Rankin_Inlet 0 - -00 1957
+-6 Ad C%sT 2000 O 29 2
+-5 - EST 2001 Ap 1 3
+-6 AT C%sT
+Z America/Cambridge_Bay 0 - -00 1920
+-7 Ad M%sT 1999 O 31 2
+-6 AT C%sT 2000 O 29 2
+-5 - EST 2000 N 5
+-6 - CST 2001 Ap 1 3
+-7 AT M%sT
+Z America/Yellowknife 0 - -00 1935
+-7 Ad M%sT 1980
+-7 AT M%sT
+Z America/Inuvik 0 - -00 1953
+-8 Ad P%sT 1979 Ap lastSun 2
+-7 Ad M%sT 1980
+-7 AT M%sT
+Z America/Whitehorse -9:0:12 - LMT 1900 Au 20
+-9 Ad Y%sT 1967 May 28
+-8 Ad P%sT 1980
+-8 AT P%sT
+Z America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Au 20
+-9 Ad Y%sT 1973 O 28
+-8 Ad P%sT 1980
+-8 AT P%sT
+R Ae 1939 o - F 5 0 1 D
+R Ae 1939 o - Jun 25 0 0 S
+R Ae 1940 o - D 9 0 1 D
+R Ae 1941 o - Ap 1 0 0 S
+R Ae 1943 o - D 16 0 1 W
+R Ae 1944 o - May 1 0 0 S
+R Ae 1950 o - F 12 0 1 D
+R Ae 1950 o - Jul 30 0 0 S
+R Ae 1996 2000 - Ap Sun>=1 2 1 D
+R Ae 1996 2000 - O lastSun 2 0 S
+R Ae 2001 o - May Sun>=1 2 1 D
+R Ae 2001 o - S lastSun 2 0 S
+R Ae 2002 ma - Ap Sun>=1 2 1 D
+R Ae 2002 ma - O lastSun 2 0 S
+Z America/Cancun -5:47:4 - LMT 1922 Ja 1 0:12:56
+-6 - CST 1981 D 23
+-5 Ae E%sT 1998 Au 2 2
+-6 Ae C%sT 2015 F 1 2
+-5 - EST
+Z America/Merida -5:58:28 - LMT 1922 Ja 1 0:1:32
+-6 - CST 1981 D 23
+-5 - EST 1982 D 2
+-6 Ae C%sT
+Z America/Matamoros -6:40 - LMT 1921 D 31 23:20
+-6 - CST 1988
+-6 AE C%sT 1989
+-6 Ae C%sT 2010
+-6 AE C%sT
+Z America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1921 D 31 23:18:44
+-6 - CST 1988
+-6 AE C%sT 1989
+-6 Ae C%sT
+Z America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Ja 1 0:23:24
+-7 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23
+-6 - CST 1930 N 15
+-7 - MST 1931 May 1 23
+-6 - CST 1931 O
+-7 - MST 1932 Ap
+-6 Ae C%sT 2001 S 30 2
+-6 - CST 2002 F 20
+-6 Ae C%sT
+Z America/Ojinaga -6:57:40 - LMT 1922 Ja 1 0:2:20
+-7 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23
+-6 - CST 1930 N 15
+-7 - MST 1931 May 1 23
+-6 - CST 1931 O
+-7 - MST 1932 Ap
+-6 - CST 1996
+-6 Ae C%sT 1998
+-6 - CST 1998 Ap Sun>=1 3
+-7 Ae M%sT 2010
+-7 AE M%sT
+Z America/Chihuahua -7:4:20 - LMT 1921 D 31 23:55:40
+-7 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23
+-6 - CST 1930 N 15
+-7 - MST 1931 May 1 23
+-6 - CST 1931 O
+-7 - MST 1932 Ap
+-6 - CST 1996
+-6 Ae C%sT 1998
+-6 - CST 1998 Ap Sun>=1 3
+-7 Ae M%sT
+Z America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 D 31 23:36:8
+-7 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23
+-6 - CST 1930 N 15
+-7 - MST 1931 May 1 23
+-6 - CST 1931 O
+-7 - MST 1932 Ap
+-6 - CST 1942 Ap 24
+-7 - MST 1949 Ja 14
+-8 - PST 1970
+-7 Ae M%sT 1999
+-7 - MST
+Z America/Mazatlan -7:5:40 - LMT 1921 D 31 23:54:20
+-7 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23
+-6 - CST 1930 N 15
+-7 - MST 1931 May 1 23
+-6 - CST 1931 O
+-7 - MST 1932 Ap
+-6 - CST 1942 Ap 24
+-7 - MST 1949 Ja 14
+-8 - PST 1970
+-7 Ae M%sT
+Z America/Bahia_Banderas -7:1 - LMT 1921 D 31 23:59
+-7 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23
+-6 - CST 1930 N 15
+-7 - MST 1931 May 1 23
+-6 - CST 1931 O
+-7 - MST 1932 Ap
+-6 - CST 1942 Ap 24
+-7 - MST 1949 Ja 14
+-8 - PST 1970
+-7 Ae M%sT 2010 Ap 4 2
+-6 Ae C%sT
+Z America/Tijuana -7:48:4 - LMT 1922 Ja 1 0:11:56
+-7 - MST 1924
+-8 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23
+-7 - MST 1930 N 15
+-8 - PST 1931 Ap
+-8 1 PDT 1931 S 30
+-8 - PST 1942 Ap 24
+-8 1 PWT 1945 Au 14 23u
+-8 1 PPT 1945 N 12
+-8 - PST 1948 Ap 5
+-8 1 PDT 1949 Ja 14
+-8 - PST 1954
+-8 AI P%sT 1961
+-8 - PST 1976
+-8 AE P%sT 1996
+-8 Ae P%sT 2001
+-8 AE P%sT 2002 F 20
+-8 Ae P%sT 2010
+-8 AE P%sT
+R Af 1964 1975 - O lastSun 2 0 S
+R Af 1964 1975 - Ap lastSun 2 1 D
+Z America/Nassau -5:9:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
+-5 Af E%sT 1976
+-5 AE E%sT
+R Ag 1977 o - Jun 12 2 1 D
+R Ag 1977 1978 - O Sun>=1 2 0 S
+R Ag 1978 1980 - Ap Sun>=15 2 1 D
+R Ag 1979 o - S 30 2 0 S
+R Ag 1980 o - S 25 2 0 S
+Z America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1924
+-3:58:29 - BMT 1932
+-4 Ag A%sT
+R Ah 1918 1942 - O Sun>=2 0 0:30 -0530
+R Ah 1919 1943 - F Sun>=9 0 0 CST
+R Ah 1973 o - D 5 0 1 CDT
+R Ah 1974 o - F 9 0 0 CST
+R Ah 1982 o - D 18 0 1 CDT
+R Ah 1983 o - F 12 0 0 CST
+Z America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Ap
+-6 Ah %s
+Z Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1930 Ja 1 2
+-4 - AST 1974 Ap 28 2
+-4 AT A%sT 1976
+-4 AE A%sT
+R Ai 1979 1980 - F lastSun 0 1 D
+R Ai 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0 0 S
+R Ai 1991 1992 - Ja Sat>=15 0 1 D
+R Ai 1991 o - Jul 1 0 0 S
+R Ai 1992 o - Mar 15 0 0 S
+Z America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890
+-5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Ja 15
+-6 Ai C%sT
+R Aj 1928 o - Jun 10 0 1 D
+R Aj 1928 o - O 10 0 0 S
+R Aj 1940 1942 - Jun Sun>=1 0 1 D
+R Aj 1940 1942 - S Sun>=1 0 0 S
+R Aj 1945 1946 - Jun Sun>=1 0 1 D
+R Aj 1945 1946 - S Sun>=1 0 0 S
+R Aj 1965 o - Jun 1 0 1 D
+R Aj 1965 o - S 30 0 0 S
+R Aj 1966 o - May 29 0 1 D
+R Aj 1966 o - O 2 0 0 S
+R Aj 1967 o - Ap 8 0 1 D
+R Aj 1967 1968 - S Sun>=8 0 0 S
+R Aj 1968 o - Ap 14 0 1 D
+R Aj 1969 1977 - Ap lastSun 0 1 D
+R Aj 1969 1971 - O lastSun 0 0 S
+R Aj 1972 1974 - O 8 0 0 S
+R Aj 1975 1977 - O lastSun 0 0 S
+R Aj 1978 o - May 7 0 1 D
+R Aj 1978 1990 - O Sun>=8 0 0 S
+R Aj 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0 1 D
+R Aj 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0 1 D
+R Aj 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0 1 D
+R Aj 1990 1997 - Ap Sun>=1 0 1 D
+R Aj 1991 1995 - O Sun>=8 0s 0 S
+R Aj 1996 o - O 6 0s 0 S
+R Aj 1997 o - O 12 0s 0 S
+R Aj 1998 1999 - Mar lastSun 0s 1 D
+R Aj 1998 2003 - O lastSun 0s 0 S
+R Aj 2000 2003 - Ap Sun>=1 0s 1 D
+R Aj 2004 o - Mar lastSun 0s 1 D
+R Aj 2006 2010 - O lastSun 0s 0 S
+R Aj 2007 o - Mar Sun>=8 0s 1 D
+R Aj 2008 o - Mar Sun>=15 0s 1 D
+R Aj 2009 2010 - Mar Sun>=8 0s 1 D
+R Aj 2011 o - Mar Sun>=15 0s 1 D
+R Aj 2011 o - N 13 0s 0 S
+R Aj 2012 o - Ap 1 0s 1 D
+R Aj 2012 ma - N Sun>=1 0s 0 S
+R Aj 2013 ma - Mar Sun>=8 0s 1 D
+Z America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
+-5:29:36 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12
+-5 Aj C%sT
+R Ak 1966 o - O 30 0 1 EDT
+R Ak 1967 o - F 28 0 0 EST
+R Ak 1969 1973 - O lastSun 0 0:30 -0430
+R Ak 1970 o - F 21 0 0 EST
+R Ak 1971 o - Ja 20 0 0 EST
+R Ak 1972 1974 - Ja 21 0 0 EST
+Z America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890
+-4:40 - SDMT 1933 Ap 1 12
+-5 Ak %s 1974 O 27
+-4 - AST 2000 O 29 2
+-5 AE E%sT 2000 D 3 1
+-4 - AST
+R Al 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0 1 D
+R Al 1987 1988 - S lastSun 0 0 S
+Z America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921
+-6 Al C%sT
+R Am 1973 o - N 25 0 1 D
+R Am 1974 o - F 24 0 0 S
+R Am 1983 o - May 21 0 1 D
+R Am 1983 o - S 22 0 0 S
+R Am 1991 o - Mar 23 0 1 D
+R Am 1991 o - S 7 0 0 S
+R Am 2006 o - Ap 30 0 1 D
+R Am 2006 o - O 1 0 0 S
+Z America/Guatemala -6:2:4 - LMT 1918 O 5
+-6 Am C%sT
+R An 1983 o - May 8 0 1 D
+R An 1984 1987 - Ap lastSun 0 1 D
+R An 1983 1987 - O lastSun 0 0 S
+R An 1988 1997 - Ap Sun>=1 1s 1 D
+R An 1988 1997 - O lastSun 1s 0 S
+R An 2005 2006 - Ap Sun>=1 0 1 D
+R An 2005 2006 - O lastSun 0 0 S
+R An 2012 2015 - Mar Sun>=8 2 1 D
+R An 2012 2015 - N Sun>=1 2 0 S
+R An 2017 ma - Mar Sun>=8 2 1 D
+R An 2017 ma - N Sun>=1 2 0 S
+Z America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
+-4:49 - PPMT 1917 Ja 24 12
+-5 An E%sT
+R Ao 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0 1 D
+R Ao 1987 1988 - S lastSun 0 0 S
+R Ao 2006 o - May Sun>=1 0 1 D
+R Ao 2006 o - Au M>=1 0 0 S
+Z America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Ap
+-6 Ao C%sT
+Z America/Jamaica -5:7:11 - LMT 1890
+-5:7:11 - KMT 1912 F
+-5 - EST 1974
+-5 AE E%sT 1984
+-5 - EST
+Z America/Martinique -4:4:20 - LMT 1890
+-4:4:20 - FFMT 1911 May
+-4 - AST 1980 Ap 6
+-4 1 ADT 1980 S 28
+-4 - AST
+R Ap 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0 1 D
+R Ap 1979 1980 - Jun M>=23 0 0 S
+R Ap 2005 o - Ap 10 0 1 D
+R Ap 2005 o - O Sun>=1 0 0 S
+R Ap 2006 o - Ap 30 2 1 D
+R Ap 2006 o - O Sun>=1 1 0 S
+Z America/Managua -5:45:8 - LMT 1890
+-5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23
+-6 - CST 1973 May
+-5 - EST 1975 F 16
+-6 Ap C%sT 1992 Ja 1 4
+-5 - EST 1992 S 24
+-6 - CST 1993
+-5 - EST 1997
+-6 Ap C%sT
+Z America/Panama -5:18:8 - LMT 1890
+-5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Ap 22
+-5 - EST
+Li America/Panama America/Cayman
+Z America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12
+-4 - AST 1942 May 3
+-4 AE A%sT 1946
+-4 - AST
+Z America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15
+-4 - AST 1980 May
+-3 - -03 1987
+-3 AT -03/-02
+Z America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
+-5:7:11 - KMT 1912 F
+-5 - EST 1979
+-5 AE E%sT 2015 N Sun>=1 2
+-4 - AST 2018 Mar 11 3
+-5 AE E%sT
+R Aq 1930 o - D 1 0 1 S
+R Aq 1931 o - Ap 1 0 0 -
+R Aq 1931 o - O 15 0 1 S
+R Aq 1932 1940 - Mar 1 0 0 -
+R Aq 1932 1939 - N 1 0 1 S
+R Aq 1940 o - Jul 1 0 1 S
+R Aq 1941 o - Jun 15 0 0 -
+R Aq 1941 o - O 15 0 1 S
+R Aq 1943 o - Au 1 0 0 -
+R Aq 1943 o - O 15 0 1 S
+R Aq 1946 o - Mar 1 0 0 -
+R Aq 1946 o - O 1 0 1 S
+R Aq 1963 o - O 1 0 0 -
+R Aq 1963 o - D 15 0 1 S
+R Aq 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0 0 -
+R Aq 1964 1966 - O 15 0 1 S
+R Aq 1967 o - Ap 2 0 0 -
+R Aq 1967 1968 - O Sun>=1 0 1 S
+R Aq 1968 1969 - Ap Sun>=1 0 0 -
+R Aq 1974 o - Ja 23 0 1 S
+R Aq 1974 o - May 1 0 0 -
+R Aq 1988 o - D 1 0 1 S
+R Aq 1989 1993 - Mar Sun>=1 0 0 -
+R Aq 1989 1992 - O Sun>=15 0 1 S
+R Aq 1999 o - O Sun>=1 0 1 S
+R Aq 2000 o - Mar 3 0 0 -
+R Aq 2007 o - D 30 0 1 S
+R Aq 2008 2009 - Mar Sun>=15 0 0 -
+R Aq 2008 o - O Sun>=15 0 1 S
+Z America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 O 31
+-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+-4 - -04 1930 D
+-4 Aq -04/-03 1969 O 5
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1999 O 3
+-4 Aq -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
+-3 Aq -03/-02
+Z America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT 1894 O 31
+-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+-4 - -04 1930 D
+-4 Aq -04/-03 1969 O 5
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1991 Mar 3
+-4 - -04 1991 O 20
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1999 O 3
+-4 Aq -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
+-3 Aq -03/-02
+Z America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT 1894 O 31
+-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+-4 - -04 1930 D
+-4 Aq -04/-03 1969 O 5
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1991 Mar 3
+-4 - -04 1991 O 20
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1999 O 3
+-4 Aq -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
+-3 Aq -03/-02 2008 O 18
+-3 - -03
+Z America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT 1894 O 31
+-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+-4 - -04 1930 D
+-4 Aq -04/-03 1969 O 5
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1991 Mar 3
+-4 - -04 1991 O 20
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1999 O 3
+-4 Aq -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
+-3 - -03 2004 Jun
+-4 - -04 2004 Jun 13
+-3 Aq -03/-02
+Z America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT 1894 O 31
+-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+-4 - -04 1930 D
+-4 Aq -04/-03 1969 O 5
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1991 Mar
+-4 - -04 1991 May 7
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1999 O 3
+-4 Aq -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
+-3 - -03 2004 Jun
+-4 - -04 2004 Jun 20
+-3 Aq -03/-02 2008 O 18
+-3 - -03
+Z America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:4 - LMT 1894 O 31
+-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+-4 - -04 1930 D
+-4 Aq -04/-03 1969 O 5
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1991 Mar
+-4 - -04 1991 May 7
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1999 O 3
+-4 Aq -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
+-3 - -03 2004 May 31
+-4 - -04 2004 Jul 25
+-3 Aq -03/-02 2008 O 18
+-3 - -03
+Z America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT 1894 O 31
+-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+-4 - -04 1930 D
+-4 Aq -04/-03 1969 O 5
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1990 Mar 4
+-4 - -04 1990 O 28
+-4 1 -03 1991 Mar 17
+-4 - -04 1991 O 6
+-3 1 -02 1992
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1999 O 3
+-4 Aq -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
+-3 Aq -03/-02 2008 O 18
+-3 - -03
+Z America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:8 - LMT 1894 O 31
+-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+-4 - -04 1930 D
+-4 Aq -04/-03 1969 O 5
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1991 Mar 3
+-4 - -04 1991 O 20
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1999 O 3
+-4 Aq -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
+-3 - -03 2004 Jun
+-4 - -04 2004 Jun 20
+-3 Aq -03/-02 2008 O 18
+-3 - -03
+Z America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT 1894 O 31
+-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+-4 - -04 1930 D
+-4 Aq -04/-03 1969 O 5
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1990 Mar 4
+-4 - -04 1990 O 15
+-4 1 -03 1991 Mar
+-4 - -04 1991 O 15
+-4 1 -03 1992 Mar
+-4 - -04 1992 O 18
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1999 O 3
+-4 Aq -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
+-3 - -03 2004 May 23
+-4 - -04 2004 S 26
+-3 Aq -03/-02 2008 O 18
+-3 - -03
+R Ar 2008 2009 - Mar Sun>=8 0 0 -
+R Ar 2007 2008 - O Sun>=8 0 1 S
+Z America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT 1894 O 31
+-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+-4 - -04 1930 D
+-4 Aq -04/-03 1969 O 5
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1990
+-3 1 -02 1990 Mar 14
+-4 - -04 1990 O 15
+-4 1 -03 1991 Mar
+-4 - -04 1991 Jun
+-3 - -03 1999 O 3
+-4 1 -03 2000 Mar 3
+-3 - -03 2004 May 31
+-4 - -04 2004 Jul 25
+-3 Aq -03/-02 2008 Ja 21
+-4 Ar -04/-03 2009 O 11
+-3 - -03
+Z America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 O 31
+-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+-4 - -04 1930 D
+-4 Aq -04/-03 1969 O 5
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1999 O 3
+-4 Aq -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
+-3 - -03 2004 Jun
+-4 - -04 2004 Jun 20
+-3 Aq -03/-02 2008 O 18
+-3 - -03
+Z America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 O 31
+-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+-4 - -04 1930 D
+-4 Aq -04/-03 1969 O 5
+-3 Aq -03/-02 1999 O 3
+-4 Aq -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
+-3 - -03 2004 May 30
+-4 - -04 2004 Jun 20
+-3 Aq -03/-02 2008 O 18
+-3 - -03
+Li America/Curacao America/Aruba
+Z America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+-4:32:36 - CMT 1931 O 15
+-4:32:36 1 BOST 1932 Mar 21
+-4 - -04
+R As 1931 o - O 3 11 1 S
+R As 1932 1933 - Ap 1 0 0 -
+R As 1932 o - O 3 0 1 S
+R As 1949 1952 - D 1 0 1 S
+R As 1950 o - Ap 16 1 0 -
+R As 1951 1952 - Ap 1 0 0 -
+R As 1953 o - Mar 1 0 0 -
+R As 1963 o - D 9 0 1 S
+R As 1964 o - Mar 1 0 0 -
+R As 1965 o - Ja 31 0 1 S
+R As 1965 o - Mar 31 0 0 -
+R As 1965 o - D 1 0 1 S
+R As 1966 1968 - Mar 1 0 0 -
+R As 1966 1967 - N 1 0 1 S
+R As 1985 o - N 2 0 1 S
+R As 1986 o - Mar 15 0 0 -
+R As 1986 o - O 25 0 1 S
+R As 1987 o - F 14 0 0 -
+R As 1987 o - O 25 0 1 S
+R As 1988 o - F 7 0 0 -
+R As 1988 o - O 16 0 1 S
+R As 1989 o - Ja 29 0 0 -
+R As 1989 o - O 15 0 1 S
+R As 1990 o - F 11 0 0 -
+R As 1990 o - O 21 0 1 S
+R As 1991 o - F 17 0 0 -
+R As 1991 o - O 20 0 1 S
+R As 1992 o - F 9 0 0 -
+R As 1992 o - O 25 0 1 S
+R As 1993 o - Ja 31 0 0 -
+R As 1993 1995 - O Sun>=11 0 1 S
+R As 1994 1995 - F Sun>=15 0 0 -
+R As 1996 o - F 11 0 0 -
+R As 1996 o - O 6 0 1 S
+R As 1997 o - F 16 0 0 -
+R As 1997 o - O 6 0 1 S
+R As 1998 o - Mar 1 0 0 -
+R As 1998 o - O 11 0 1 S
+R As 1999 o - F 21 0 0 -
+R As 1999 o - O 3 0 1 S
+R As 2000 o - F 27 0 0 -
+R As 2000 2001 - O Sun>=8 0 1 S
+R As 2001 2006 - F Sun>=15 0 0 -
+R As 2002 o - N 3 0 1 S
+R As 2003 o - O 19 0 1 S
+R As 2004 o - N 2 0 1 S
+R As 2005 o - O 16 0 1 S
+R As 2006 o - N 5 0 1 S
+R As 2007 o - F 25 0 0 -
+R As 2007 o - O Sun>=8 0 1 S
+R As 2008 ma - O Sun>=15 0 1 S
+R As 2008 2011 - F Sun>=15 0 0 -
+R As 2012 o - F Sun>=22 0 0 -
+R As 2013 2014 - F Sun>=15 0 0 -
+R As 2015 o - F Sun>=22 0 0 -
+R As 2016 2022 - F Sun>=15 0 0 -
+R As 2023 o - F Sun>=22 0 0 -
+R As 2024 2025 - F Sun>=15 0 0 -
+R As 2026 o - F Sun>=22 0 0 -
+R As 2027 2033 - F Sun>=15 0 0 -
+R As 2034 o - F Sun>=22 0 0 -
+R As 2035 2036 - F Sun>=15 0 0 -
+R As 2037 o - F Sun>=22 0 0 -
+R As 2038 ma - F Sun>=15 0 0 -
+Z America/Noronha -2:9:40 - LMT 1914
+-2 As -02/-01 1990 S 17
+-2 - -02 1999 S 30
+-2 As -02/-01 2000 O 15
+-2 - -02 2001 S 13
+-2 As -02/-01 2002 O
+-2 - -02
+Z America/Belem -3:13:56 - LMT 1914
+-3 As -03/-02 1988 S 12
+-3 - -03
+Z America/Santarem -3:38:48 - LMT 1914
+-4 As -04/-03 1988 S 12
+-4 - -04 2008 Jun 24
+-3 - -03
+Z America/Fortaleza -2:34 - LMT 1914
+-3 As -03/-02 1990 S 17
+-3 - -03 1999 S 30
+-3 As -03/-02 2000 O 22
+-3 - -03 2001 S 13
+-3 As -03/-02 2002 O
+-3 - -03
+Z America/Recife -2:19:36 - LMT 1914
+-3 As -03/-02 1990 S 17
+-3 - -03 1999 S 30
+-3 As -03/-02 2000 O 15
+-3 - -03 2001 S 13
+-3 As -03/-02 2002 O
+-3 - -03
+Z America/Araguaina -3:12:48 - LMT 1914
+-3 As -03/-02 1990 S 17
+-3 - -03 1995 S 14
+-3 As -03/-02 2003 S 24
+-3 - -03 2012 O 21
+-3 As -03/-02 2013 S
+-3 - -03
+Z America/Maceio -2:22:52 - LMT 1914
+-3 As -03/-02 1990 S 17
+-3 - -03 1995 O 13
+-3 As -03/-02 1996 S 4
+-3 - -03 1999 S 30
+-3 As -03/-02 2000 O 22
+-3 - -03 2001 S 13
+-3 As -03/-02 2002 O
+-3 - -03
+Z America/Bahia -2:34:4 - LMT 1914
+-3 As -03/-02 2003 S 24
+-3 - -03 2011 O 16
+-3 As -03/-02 2012 O 21
+-3 - -03
+Z America/Sao_Paulo -3:6:28 - LMT 1914
+-3 As -03/-02 1963 O 23
+-3 1 -02 1964
+-3 As -03/-02
+Z America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 - LMT 1914
+-4 As -04/-03
+Z America/Cuiaba -3:44:20 - LMT 1914
+-4 As -04/-03 2003 S 24
+-4 - -04 2004 O
+-4 As -04/-03
+Z America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 - LMT 1914
+-4 As -04/-03 1988 S 12
+-4 - -04
+Z America/Boa_Vista -4:2:40 - LMT 1914
+-4 As -04/-03 1988 S 12
+-4 - -04 1999 S 30
+-4 As -04/-03 2000 O 15
+-4 - -04
+Z America/Manaus -4:0:4 - LMT 1914
+-4 As -04/-03 1988 S 12
+-4 - -04 1993 S 28
+-4 As -04/-03 1994 S 22
+-4 - -04
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projects / postgresql / commitdiff