#timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # Select the set of available time zone
# abbreviations. Currently, there are
# Default
- # Australia
+ # Australia (historical usage)
# India
# You can create your own file in
# share/timezonesets/.
-# <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
#
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
# but Mark R V Murray reports that
-# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
-# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
-# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
-# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
-# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
+# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
+# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
+# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
+# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
+# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
#
-# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
+# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
-# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
+# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
# until we get more information.
#
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
# more precise 0:09:21.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
- 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
- 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
+Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+ 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
1:00 - CET
# Angola
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892
- 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time
- 1:00 - WAT
-
# Benin
-# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
- 1:00 - WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
# Botswana
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
-# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
-# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
- 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
- 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
- 2:00 - CAT
+# See Africa/Maputo.
# Burkina Faso
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Burundi
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890
- 2:00 - CAT
+# See Africa/Maputo.
# Cameroon
-# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
- 1:00 - WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
# Cape Verde
+#
+# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
+# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# merely made it official?
+#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
+Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
-2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
-2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
- -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
+ -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
-1:00 - CVT
# Central African Republic
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
- 1:00 - WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
# Chad
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912
+Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
1:00 - WAT
# Comoros
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
+Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
3:00 - EAT
-# Democratic Republic of Congo
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
- 1:00 - WAT
-Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
- 2:00 - CAT
+# Democratic Republic of the Congo
+# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
# Republic of the Congo
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912
- 1:00 - WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
-# Cote D'Ivoire
+# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe
+Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
# Djibouti
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
#
# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
-# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168">
# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
-# </a>
# or
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
-# </a>
Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
#
# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
#
-# [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263">
-# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
-# </a>
-# [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53">
-# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
-# </a>
-# [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/">
-# http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
-# </a>
+# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
+# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
+# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
# Information and Decision Support Center:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
-# </a>
#
# The Middle East News Agency
-# <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx">
# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
-# </a>
# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
# (at least today).
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
-# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
+# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
# Ramadan.
#
# Arabic translation:
-# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again"
-# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again">
+# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
-# </a>
-# or
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
-# </a>
# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
-# From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13):
+# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
2:00 Egypt EE%sT
# Equatorial Guinea
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15
- 1:00 - WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
# Eritrea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
- 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
- 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
+ 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
+ 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
3:00 - EAT
# Ethiopia
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
-# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
-# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
+# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
+# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
+# 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
+#
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
+# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
+# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50
+# was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
+# anyway.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
- 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
+ 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
3:00 - EAT
# Gabon
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912
- 1:00 - WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
# Gambia
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912
- -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
- -1:00 - WAT 1964
- 0:00 - GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Ghana
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
-Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
+# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
+# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
+# and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
+# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
+# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
+# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
+Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
+Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
0:00 Ghana %s
# Guinea
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
- -1:00 - WAT 1960
- 0:00 - GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Guinea-Bissau
+#
+# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
+# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
+#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26
+Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
-1:00 - WAT 1975
0:00 - GMT
3:00 - EAT
# Lesotho
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
- 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
- 2:00 - SAST
+# See Africa/Johannesburg.
# Liberia
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2:00 - EET 1982
1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
-# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
+# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
- 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
- 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
+ 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
2:00 - EET
# Madagascar
3:00 - EAT
# Malawi
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - CAT
+# See Africa/Maputo.
# Mali
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
- -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20
- 0:00 - GMT
-
# Mauritania
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
- -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28
- 0:00 - GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Mauritius
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
# According to
-# <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216">
# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
-# </a>
# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
-# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
+# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
#
# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
-# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
-# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.
-# ...
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html">
+# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
+# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
-# </a>
# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
# The Government of Mauritius weblink
-# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD">
# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
-# </a>
# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
#
# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
-# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
+# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
# and end on 29 March 2009.
# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
-# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf">
# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
# DST the coming summer...
#
# Some sources, in French:
-# <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB">
# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
-# </a>
-# <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-">
# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
-# </a>
#
# Our wrap-up:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
-# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
+Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
# Mayotte
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
+Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
3:00 - EAT
# Morocco
-# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
+# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
#
# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
-# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
+# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
#
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
-# </a>
-# OR
-# <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html">
# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
-# </a>
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
-# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:
-# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view">
+# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
+# Presse:
# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
-# </a>
#
# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
# spokesman.
# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
# According to this article:
-# <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html">
# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
-# </a>
-# (and republished here:
-# <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html">
-# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html
-# </a>
-# )
-# the changes occurs at midnight:
-#
-# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be
-# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday)
-# sunday night the 28th at midnight
-#
-# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
-# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and
-# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
-# june1st to sept 27th.
+# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
+# the changes occur at midnight:
+#
+# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
+# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
+# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
+#
+# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
+# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
+# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
+# June 1st to Sept 27th.
#
# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
# published on the web.
#
# It's also confirmed here:
-# <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm">
# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
-# </a>
-# on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet
-# posted in english).
+# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
+# posted in English).
#
-# The following google query will generate many relevant hits:
-# <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search">
+# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
# of September:
#
# One article about it (in French):
-# <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default">
# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
-# </a>
#
# We have some further details posted here:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
# to many sources, such as
-# <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html">
# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
-# </a>
-# <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312">
# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
-# </a>
# (French)
#
# Our summary:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
-# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
-# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
+# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
#
# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
#
-# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf">
# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
-# </a>
-#
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
#
# Example:
-# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html">
# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
-# </a>
# (French)
# Our page:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
-# </a>
# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
-# The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00
-# The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00
+# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
+# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
# ...Official links of change in morocco
# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
# +212.537.71.84.00
-# <a href="http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/">
# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
-# </a>
# They said that
-# <a href="http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view">
# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
-# </a>
# is the official publication to look at.
# They said that the decision was already taken.
#
# More articles in the press
-# <a href="http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev">
-# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev
-# </a>
-# e.html
-# <a href="http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923">
+# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
-# </a>
-# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim">
# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
-# anche-prochain-5538.html
-# </a>
# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
# They have it written in English here:
-# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view">
# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
-# </a>
#
# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
# also been like that in the past.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
-# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
-# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
-# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
-# <a href="http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9">
+# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
+# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
+# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
-# </a>
# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
# except the month of Ramadan.
# or (brief)
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
-# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
# Seen Morocco change again:
-# <a href="http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php">
# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
-# </a>
-# "...à partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars,
-# comme annoncé précédemment."
+# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
+# comme annoncé précédemment."
# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
-# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288">
# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
-# </a>
#
# Google translation, lightly edited:
# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
-# <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>.
+# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
-Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan
+Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
-1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
0:00 Morocco WE%sT
# Mozambique
+#
+# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
+# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# merely made it official?
+#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - CAT
+Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
+Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
+Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
+Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
+Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
+Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
+Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
# Namibia
# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
-# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
-# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>:
+# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
+# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
- 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
- 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
- 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
+ 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
+ 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
+ 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
1:00 Namibia WA%sT
# Niger
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
- -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
- 0:00 - GMT 1960
- 1:00 - WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
# Nigeria
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
1:00 - WAT
-
-# Reunion
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
+
+# Réunion
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
- 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time
+Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
+ 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time
+#
+# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
#
-# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
+# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
# The following information about them is taken from
-# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
-# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
+# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
+# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
# We have no info about their time zone histories.
#
# Bassas da India - uninhabited
# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
# Rwanda
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
- 2:00 - CAT
+# See Africa/Maputo.
# St Helena
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
- -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
- 0:00 - GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
-# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
+# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
# on GMT, says the CIA
-# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
-
-# Sao Tome and Principe
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
- -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
- 0:00 - GMT
+# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
+# São Tomé and Príncipe
# Senegal
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912
- -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun
- 0:00 - GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Seychelles
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
+Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
# Sierra Leone
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST
-Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT
-Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST
-Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882
- -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
- -1:00 SL %s 1957
- 0:00 SL %s
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Somalia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
2:00 SA SAST
+Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
+Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
+#
# Marion and Prince Edward Is
# scientific station since 1947
# no information
# Sudan
#
-# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
-# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
-# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
+# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
+# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
+# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
# Swaziland
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - SAST
+# See Africa/Johannesburg.
# Tanzania
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3:00 - EAT
# Togo
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893
- 0:00 - GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Tunisia
# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
-# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
+# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
# Saturday." (My translation)
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
-# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
-# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
+# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
+# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
# 1h standard time.
#
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
# (Arabic)
-# <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546">
# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
-# </a>
-# <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp">
# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
-# </a>
#
# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
-# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
#
# (in English)
-# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157">
# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
-# </a>
#
# (in Arabic)
-# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1">
# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
-# </a>
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18):
-# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact
-# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time.
-# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long."
-# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
+# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
+# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
+# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
+# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
+# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
+# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
#
# (in Arabic)
-# <a href="http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1">
# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
-# <a href="http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036">
# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
-# or
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
- 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
# Uganda
3:00 - EAT
# Zambia
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - CAT
-
# Zimbabwe
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - CAT
+# See Africa/Maputo.
-# <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
-# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
# COMNAP - Stations and Bases
-# </a>
+# http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/
# and
-# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
-# </a>
+# http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm
# for information.
# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
#
# Argentina - year-round bases
# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
-# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
-# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
-# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
+# Carlini, Potter Cove, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
+# Esperanza, Hope Bay, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
+# Marambio, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
-# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
+# San Martín, Barry I, -6808-06706, since 1951-03-21
# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
# Australia - territories
# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
-# <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
# Margaret Turner reports
-# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
+# http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html
+# (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
# presumably this is when they have visitors.
#
# year-round bases
# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
#
# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
-# <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079">
# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
-# </a>
#
# We have more background information here:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ...
# - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
#
# Background:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
-# </a>
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
- 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00
- # Western (Aus) Standard Time
- 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00
- # Casey Time
- 8:00 - WST 2011 Oct 28 2:00
+ 8:00 - AWST 2009 Oct 18 2:00
+ # Australian Western Std Time
+ 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00 # Casey Time
+ 8:00 - AWST 2011 Oct 28 2:00
11:00 - CAST 2012 Feb 21 17:00u
- 8:00 - WST
+ 8:00 - AWST
Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
- 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
+ 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
0 - zzz 1969 Feb
- 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
+ 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
5:00 - DAVT 2010 Mar 10 20:00u
- 7:00 - DAVT 2011 Oct 28 2:00
+ 7:00 - DAVT 2011 Oct 28 2:00
5:00 - DAVT 2012 Feb 21 20:00u
7:00 - DAVT
Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
- 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
- # Mawson Time
+ 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 # Mawson Time
5:00 - MAWT
# References:
-# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
# Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
-# </a>
-# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
+# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html
# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
-# </a>
-# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
+# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html
# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
-# </a>
+# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html
+
+# Belgium - year-round base
+# Princess Elisabeth, Queen Maud Land, -713412+0231200, since 2007
# Brazil - year-round base
-# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
+# Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
+
+# Bulgaria - year-round base
+# St. Kliment Ohridski, Livingston Island, -623829-0602153, since 1988
# Chile - year-round bases and towns
# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
-# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
-# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
-# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
+# Frei Montalva, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
+# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
+# Prat, -6230-05941
# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
-# France - year-round bases
+# France - year-round bases (also see "France & Italy")
#
# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
-# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
+# Time data entries are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
-# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
-# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
+# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adélie bases
+# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adélie supplies came
# from Tasmania.
#
# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
#
-# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
-# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
-# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
+# Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964;
+# sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+;
+# see Indian/Reunion.
+#
+# Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
+# Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
#
# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
+Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Français
5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
#
# year-round base in the main continent
-# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
+# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
+# <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05)
#
# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
0 - zzz 1956 Nov
10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
-# Reference:
-# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station">
-# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
-# </a>
+
+# France & Italy - year-round base
+# Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005
# Germany - year-round base
-# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
+# Neumayer III, -704080-0081602, since 2009
-# India - year-round base
-# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
+# India - year-round bases
+# Bharati, -692428+0761114, since 2012
+# Maitri, -704558+0114356, since 1989
+
+# Italy - year-round base (also see "France & Italy")
+# Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986
# Japan - year-round bases
-# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
-# Syowa, -690022+0393524
+# Syowa (also known as Showa), -690022+0393524, since 1957
#
# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
# See:
-# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
-# </a>
+# http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html
# S Korea - year-round base
+# Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014
# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
# New Zealand - claims
Rule Troll 2004 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0:00 UTC
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Antarctica/Troll 0 - zzz 2005 Feb 12
- 0:00 Troll %s
+ 0:00 Troll %s
# Poland - year-round base
# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
+# Romania - year-bound base
+# Law-Racoviță, Larsemann Hills, -692319+0762251, since 1986
+
# Russia - year-round bases
# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
-# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
-# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
+# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
+# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
# time as Moscow, Russia.
#
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
-# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local
+# in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
# S Africa - year-round bases
# Marion Island, -4653+03752
-# Sanae, -7141-00250
+# SANAE IV, Vesleskarvet, Queen Maud Land, -714022-0025026, since 1997
+
+# Ukraine - year-round base
+# Vernadsky (formerly Faraday), Galindez Island, -651445-0641526, since 1954
-# UK
+# United Kingdom
#
# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
# South Orkney Islands
# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
-# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
+# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 Degrees South.)
#
# From Susan Smith
# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
-# <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
#
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
+#
+# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
+# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
+# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
-# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
+# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst
# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
# 8:00 CST China
-# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
+# 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
+# 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
# 9:00 JST JDT Japan
# 9:00 KST KDT Korea
-# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
+# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
#
-# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
+# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
# From Guy Harris:
# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
###############################################################################
-# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
+# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
- 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
- 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
+ 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
4:00 - AMT 1997
- 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s
4:00 - AMT
# Azerbaijan
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
- 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
- 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
+ 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan Time
4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
4:00 Azer AZ%sT
# Bahrain
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
+Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Manamah
4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
3:00 - AST
# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
#
# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
-# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
-# </a>
-# or
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
-# </a>
#
# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
# June
# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
#
# Some sources:
-# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
-# </a>
-# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
-# </a>
#
# Our wrap-up:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
-# </a>
# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
#
# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
-# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021">
# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
-# </a>
-# or
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
# "continue for an indefinite period."
#
# One of many places where it is published:
-# <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html">
# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
-# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
#
# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
-# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228">
# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
-# </a>
-# and
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
-# </a>
#
# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
-# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817">
# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
-# </a>
-# or
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
-# </a>
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 -
+Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
# Brunei
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
+Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
7:30 - BNT 1933
8:00 - BNT
# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
- 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
- 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
- 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
- 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
+Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
+ 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
+ 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
+ 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
# Cambodia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
- 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
+ 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
7:00 - ICT 1912 May
8:00 - ICT 1931 May
7:00 - ICT
# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
-# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
-# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
+# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
+# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
#
# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
-# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
+# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
#
# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
-# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
-# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
-# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
-# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
-# pre-1980 time zones.
+# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
+# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
+# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
+# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+# Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
+# this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer
+# DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
+# go with them for DST rules as follows:
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
#
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
-# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
-# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
-# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
-# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
-# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
-# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
-# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
-# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
-#
-# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
-# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
-# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
-# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
-# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
-# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
-# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
-# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
-# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
-# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
-# Shanks & Pottenger.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
+#
+# (1)
+# Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
+# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
+# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
+# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
+# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
+# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
+# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
+# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
+# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
+# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
+# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
+# could well have ignored any such mandate.
+#
+# (2)
+# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
+# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
+# [undated and unknown publication location]
+# It says several things:
+# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
+# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
+# the official calendar book of 1914.
+# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
+# French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
+# Observatory and set to local mean time.
+# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
+# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
+# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
+# became used by railways as well.
+# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
+# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
+# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
+# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
+# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
+# Japanese-occupied territory.
+# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
+# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
+# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
+# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
+# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
+#
+# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
+# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
+# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
+# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
+# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8.
+#
+# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
+# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
+# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
+# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
+# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
+# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
+#
+# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5
+# Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
-Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
- 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
- 8:00 - CST 1940
- 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
- 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
- 8:00 PRC C%sT
-# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
+#
+# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8
+# Asia/Shanghai
# most of China
-# Milne gives 8:05:56.7; round to nearest.
-Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:57 - LMT 1928
- 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
- 8:00 PRC C%sT
-# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
+# This currently represents most other zones as well,
+# as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
+# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
+# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century".
+#
+# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7
+# Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
-Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
- 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
- 8:00 PRC C%sT
-# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
+#
+# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6
+# Asia/Urumqi
+# This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
+# as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
-# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
+# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
-Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
- 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
- 8:00 PRC C%sT
-# Kunlun Time
+#
+# Kunlun Time UT+5.5
+# Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
-# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
+# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
-# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
+# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
#
# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
# others moving their clocks ahead.)
-#
-# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
-#
-# The first few lines of the Google translation of
-# <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39">
-# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
-# </a>
-# (retrieved 2009-10-13)
-# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
-# > 500 million yuan
-# >
-# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
-# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
-# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
-# > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
# 3. Urumqi...
# 4. Kashgar...
# ...
-# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
+# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
#
# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
-Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
- 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
- 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
+# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
+# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
+# http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
+
+# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
+# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
+# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
+# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
+# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
+# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
+# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
+# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
+# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
+# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
+# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
+# having the same time as Beijing.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but
+# this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
+# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
+# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
+# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
+#
+# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
+# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
+# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
+# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
+# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
+# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
+# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
+# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
+# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
+# XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
+# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
+# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before
+# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and
+# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
+# UT+8 mandate back then.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
+Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
+ 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
8:00 PRC C%sT
+# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
+# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
+Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
+ 6:00 - XJT
# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
# obtained from
-# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
-# </a>.
# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
# Here are the dates given at
-# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
-# </a>
# as of 2009-10-28:
# Year Period
# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
# Taiwan
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
-# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
-# have any other information.
-
# From smallufo (2010-04-03):
-# According to Taiwan's CWB,
-# <a href="http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm">
+# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
-# </a>
# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
-# From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
-# Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page:
-# Decade Name Start and end date
-# Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30
-# 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31
-# Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31
-# In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
-# Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30
-# Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30
-# Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time
-# Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
-# Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time
-# Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30
-# Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time
+# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
+# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
+# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
+# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
+# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
+# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
+# found on Wikisource:
+# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
+# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
+# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
+# declared officially.
+#
+# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
+# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
+# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
+# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
+# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
+# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
+# (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
+# be found on Wikisource:
+# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
+#
+# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
+
+# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
+# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
+# back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
+# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
+# zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another
+# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
+# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
+# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
+# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
+# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
+# that:
+#
+# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
+# the time at 135E (GMT+9)
+#
+# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
+# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
+# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
+# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
+#
+# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
+# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
+# Time.
+#
+# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
+# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
+# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
+# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
+# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
+# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
+
+# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
+# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
+# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General
+# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
+# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
+# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
+# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more
+# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
+# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
+# would be a good one.
+# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
+# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
+
+# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
+# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
+# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
+#
+# Original Bulletin:
+# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
+# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
+#
+# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
+# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
+#
+# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
+#
+# Here is a brief translation:
+#
+# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
+# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
+# adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
+#
+# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
+# be found from historical government announcement database.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
+# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01
+# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
+Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
+# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
+Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
+ 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
8:00 Taiwan C%sT
# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
+Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
8:00 PRC C%sT
# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
-# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
+# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
# of integration into Europe.
# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
+# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
+# Go with Byalokoz.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
- 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
+Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
+ 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
- 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
- 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
+ 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
- 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
+ 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
4:00 - GET
# East Timor
# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
-# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
-# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
+# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
# East Timor may be late for its millennium
-# </a> (1999-12-26/31):
+# <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
-# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
-# (2000-08-16)</a>:
+# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
+# (2000-08-16):
# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
+Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
- 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 00:00
+ 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 0:00
9:00 - TLT
# India
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
+Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
# Indonesia
#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
+# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
+# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
+#
# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
-# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
+# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
-# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
+# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
# but this must be a typo.
7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
- 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
+ 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
7:30 - WIB 1948 May
# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1
- 9:30 - CST 1964
+ 9:30 - ACST 1964
9:00 - WIT
# Iran
# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
#
-# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
+# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
# daylight saving time ...
# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
- 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
+ 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
3:30 Iran IR%sT
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
# news sources (in Arabic):
-# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
-# </a>
-# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
-# </a>
#
# We have published a short article in English about the change:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
-# </a>
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
-# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
+# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
#
Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
- 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
+ 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
3:00 - AST 1982 May
3:00 Iraq A%sT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
- 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
+ 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
2:00 Zion I%sT
# Japan
-# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
+# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
-# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
-# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
+# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
+# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
-# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
-# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
+# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
+# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
-# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
+# Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s),
+# 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
-# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
+# which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
-# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
+# time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
# standard....
# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
-# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
-# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
-# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
+# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
+# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
+# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
+# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
+#
+# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
+# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
+# Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
+# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
- 9:00 - JST 1896
- 9:00 - CJT 1938
+ 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1
+ 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
9:00 Japan J%sT
# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
# Jordan
#
-# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
-# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
+# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
+# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
# all year round.
#
-# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
-# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
+# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
+# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
-# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
-# </a>
#
# Google's translation:
#
# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
-# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
-# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
-# </a>
+# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11
+# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
- 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
+ 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
6:00 - QYZT
-# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
+# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk)
Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
- 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
5:00 - AQTT
# West Kazakhstan
5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
- 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
-# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
+# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
- 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
- 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
+ 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
6:00 - KGT
###############################################################################
# Korea (North and South)
-# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
-# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
+# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
+# http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp
# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-01):
+# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger, except that I
+# guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
+# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
+# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
- 9:00 - KST 1928
+ 9:00 - JCST 1928
8:30 - KST 1932
+ 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
9:00 ROK K%sT
Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
- 9:00 - KST 1928
+ 9:00 - JCST 1928
8:30 - KST 1932
+ 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
9:00 - KST
# Kuwait
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
-# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
-# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
-# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
-# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
-# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
-# so for now we assume no DST.
Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
3:00 - AST
# Laos
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
- 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
+Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
+ 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
7:00 - ICT 1912 May
8:00 - ICT 1931 May
7:00 - ICT
Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
#
# peninsular Malaysia
-# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
-# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
+# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
+# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
# Sabah & Sarawak
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
-# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
+# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
+# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
- 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
+ 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
# Maldives
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
- 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
- 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
+Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
+ 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
# Mongolia
# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
-# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
-# both say that it has just one.
+# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
+# (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
-# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
# General Information Mongolia
-# </a> (1999-09)
+# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
-# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
+# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
# eight hours."
# of implementation may have been different....
# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
-# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
+# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
# there are three time zones.
#
-# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
-# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
-# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
-# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
+# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
+# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
+# Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
+# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
#
# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
-# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
+# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
# He also found
-# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
+# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
-# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
+# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
# database on this, e.g.:
#
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
-# </a>
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
-# </a>
#
# both say GMT+08:00.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
# schedule here:
-# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
-# </a>
# (click the English flag for English)
#
-# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
+# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
-# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
-# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
+# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
+# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
-# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
+# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
#
# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
-# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
+# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
- 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
+ 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
- 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
+ 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
-# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
+# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
7:00 - ULAT 1978
# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
-# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
+# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
#
-# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
-# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
-# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
-# ...."
+# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
+# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
+# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
#
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
-# </a>
-# OR
-# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
-# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
-# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
+# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
# instead of August 31.
#
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
-# </a>
-# OR
-# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
-# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
# official working."
-# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
-# </a>
#
# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
# introduce DST from April 15, 2009
# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
# April 08, 2009
# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
-# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
-# </a>
-#
-# or
-#
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
-# </a>
#
# ....
# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
# this regard."
-# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168">
# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
-# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
-# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
-# 1, 2009.
+# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
+# October 1, 2009.
#
# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
-# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2">
# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
-# </a>
-# or
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
-# </a>
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
-# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
-# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
-# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
-# > 1, 2009.
#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
-# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742">
# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
-# </a>
# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
# Monday."
#
# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
-# </a>
-# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
+# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
# will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
#
# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
-# <a href="http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041">
# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
-# </a>
#
# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
-# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2">
# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
-# </a>
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
-# Daoud Kuttab writes in
-# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
-# Holiday havoc
-# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
+# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
+# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
+# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
-# earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
+# earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
# because of the Ramadan.
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
#
-# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
-# </a>
-# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
-# </a>
-# or
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
-# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
#
# (in Arabic)
-# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
-# </a>
#
-# or
# (English translation)
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
#
# One news source:
-# <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158">
# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
-# </a>
# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
#
# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
# end date, we will keep this page updated:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
-# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
#
# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
# (from Palestinian National Authority):
-# <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
-# </a>
-# or
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html>
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
-# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
#
-# <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697">
# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
-# </a>
# (in Arabic)
-# or
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
# noon though:
#
-# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178">
# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
-# </a>
# (Ma'an News Agency)
# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
# According to several sources, including
-# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795">
# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
-# </a>
# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
# Gaza and the West Bank.
# Some more background info:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
# Ramadan.
#
-# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217">
# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
-# </a>
# Additional info:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
-# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
# ...
-# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650">
# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
-# </a>
-# or
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
-# </a>
-# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
+# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
#
# Many sources, including:
-# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808">
# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
# Some of many sources in Arabic:
-# <a href="http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638">
# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
-# </a>
#
-# <a href="http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html">
# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
-# </a>
#
# Our brief summary:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
- 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
+ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
- 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
+ 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2:00 - EET 2012
2:00 Palestine EE%sT
# no information
# Philippines
-# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
+# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
-# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
-# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
-# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
+# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
+# History of the International Date Line
+# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
+# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
-# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
-# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
-# rainy season begins. See
-# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
-# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
-#
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
# but no details]
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
+# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
+# March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
+# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
+# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
+# Philippine Star 2014-08-05
+# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
# Qatar
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
+Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
3:00 - AST
# Saudi Arabia
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
+# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
+# standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
+# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
+# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
+# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
+# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
+# o'clock for "Arab" time).
+#
+# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
+# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
+# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
+# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
+# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
+# earlier date.
+#
+# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
+# time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of
+# the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
+#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
+Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
3:00 - AST
# Singapore
-# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
-# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
+# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
+# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
-# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
+# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
-# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
-# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
+# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
+# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
#
# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
-# by Shamindra in
-# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
-# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
-# </a>:
+# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
+# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26):
# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
-# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
+# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
#
-# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
+# I recollect before the recent change the government announcements
# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
#
# item....
#
# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
-# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
+# administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
# slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
- 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
+ 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
- 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
- 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
- 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
- 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
+ 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
+ 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
+ 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
+ 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
5:30 - IST
# Syria
# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
-# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
#
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
-# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
+# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
#
# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
-# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
-# are now using:
+# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
# Variation
# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
# Agency (SANA)...
-# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
-# </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
+# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
# shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
-# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
+# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
# clocks back 60 minutes).
#
-# <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
# two examples:
#
-# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm">
# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
-# </a>
# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
-# <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209">
# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
-# </a>
# (Arabic, gov-site)
#
# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
#
# Our summary
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
-# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm">
# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
-# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
-# <a href="http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421">
# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
#
# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
-# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm">
# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
-# </a>
#
# Our brief summary:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
-# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
+Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2:00 Syria EE%sT
# Tajikistan
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
- 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
- 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
+ 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
# Thailand
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
- 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
- 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
5:00 - TMT
# United Arab Emirates
4:00 - GST
# Uzbekistan
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
+Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
5:00 - UZT
-Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
+# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
+Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
- 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
5:00 - UZT
# and Pottenger.
# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
-# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
-# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
+# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
+# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
- 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
+ 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
7:00 - ICT 1912 May
8:00 - ICT 1931 May
7:00 - ICT
-# <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
-Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
-Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
-Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
-Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D
+Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S
+Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S
+Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D
# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Northern Territory
Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 9:00 - CST 1899 May
- 9:30 Aus CST
+ 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
+ 9:30 Aus AC%sT
# Western Australia
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
- 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
- 8:00 AW WST
+ 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul
+ 8:00 AW AW%sT
Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
- 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul
- 8:45 AW CWST
+ 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul
+ 8:45 AW ACW%sT
# Queensland
#
# so use Lindeman.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
- 10:00 Aus EST 1971
- 10:00 AQ EST
+ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
+ 10:00 AQ AE%sT
Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
- 10:00 Aus EST 1971
- 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
- 10:00 Holiday EST
+ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
+ 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul
+ 10:00 Holiday AE%sT
# South Australia
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 9:00 - CST 1899 May
- 9:30 Aus CST 1971
- 9:30 AS CST
+ 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
+ 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
+ 9:30 AS AC%sT
# Tasmania
#
# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
-# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
+# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
- 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
- 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
- 10:00 Aus EST 1967
- 10:00 AT EST
+ 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
+ 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
+ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
+ 10:00 AT AE%sT
Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
- 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
- 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
- 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
- 10:00 AT EST
+ 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
+ 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
+ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul
+ 10:00 AT AE%sT
# Victoria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 10:00 Aus EST 1971
- 10:00 AV EST
+ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
+ 10:00 AV AE%sT
# New South Wales
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 10:00 Aus EST 1971
- 10:00 AN EST
+ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
+ 10:00 AN AE%sT
Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
- 9:00 - CST 1899 May
- 9:30 Aus CST 1971
- 9:30 AN CST 2000
- 9:30 AS CST
+ 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23
+ 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
+ 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
+ 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000
+ 9:30 AS AC%sT
# Lord Howe Island
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
-Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
-Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
-Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
-Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
-Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
-Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
-Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
-Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
-Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
-Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
-Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
-Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
+Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
+Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
+Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
+Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D
+Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
+Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
+Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
+Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
+Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
+Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
+Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D
Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
- 10:30 LH LHST
+ 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar
+ 10:30 LH LH%sT
# Australian miscellany
#
# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
-# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828>
-# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>.
+# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
+# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
#
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
#
# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
-# will produce a binary file with an EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
+# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
# pre-2013 versions of localtime.
Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov
- 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
- 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
- 10:00 Aus EST 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
+ 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
+ 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
+ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25
- 10:00 Aus EST 1967
- 10:00 AT EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00
+ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
+ 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time
# Christmas
# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
#
# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
-# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719">
# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
-# </a>
-# or
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
# amendments:
-# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml">
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
#
# Official source:
-# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166">
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
-# </a>
#
# A bit more background info here:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
-# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
-# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
-# </a>
-# or
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
#
-# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
-# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
-# </a>
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
# which says
# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
#
-# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
-# </a>
# states:
#
# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
Rule Fiji 2014 max - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
+Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
# French Polynesia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
+Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
-9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
-9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
-Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
+Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
-10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
# it is uninhabited.
# Guam
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
- 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
- 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
+ 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
+ 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
# Kiribati
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
- 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
+Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
+ 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
-12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
-11:00 - PHOT 1995
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
9:43:00 - LMT 1901
- 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
+ 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
12:00 - MHT
Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
- -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
+ -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
12:00 - MHT
# Micronesia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
- 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
-Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
- 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
+ 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
+Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
+ 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
- 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
+ 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
12:00 - KOST 1999
11:00 - KOST
# Nauru
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
- 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
+Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
+ 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
11:30 - NRT 1979 May
12:00 - NRT
# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
+Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
11:00 NC NC%sT
Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
12:00 NZ NZ%sT
-Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
+Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
+ 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1
12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
# Auckland Is
-# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
+# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
# and scientific personnel have wintered
# Campbell I
Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
- -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
+Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
+ -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
-10:00 Cook CK%sT
###############################################################################
# Niue
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
- -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
- -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
+Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
+ -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
+ -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
-11:00 - NUT
# Norfolk
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
- 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
- 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
+Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
+ 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
+ 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
# Palau (Belau)
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
+Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
# Papua New Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
- 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
- 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
+ 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
+ 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
# Pitcairn
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
- -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
+Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
+ -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00
-8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
# American Samoa
Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
-11:22:48 - LMT 1911
- -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
- -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
- -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
- -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
+ -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
+ -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
+ -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
-# Samoa
+# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
# Sunday of April 2011."
#
# Background info:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
-# </a>
#
# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
# contain any dates:
-# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf">
# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
-# </a>
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
# Please see
-# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws
-# </a>,
# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
-# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website
-# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
-# www.mcil.gov.ws
-# </a>
+# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
#
-# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
-#
-# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,
-# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight
-# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).
-#
-# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes
-# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,
-# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be
-# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
-#
-# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,
-# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011
+# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
+# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
+# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
+# (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
-# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09):
+# From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
#
-# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963">
# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
-# </a>
-# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17):
-# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law
-# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she
-# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather
-# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But
-# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa
-# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13:
-#
-# International Date Line Bill 2011
-#
-# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make
-# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date
-# Line, and for related purposes.
-#
-# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament
-# assembled as follows:
-#
-# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the
-# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act
-# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3)
-# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State.
-#
-# [snip]
-#
-# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any
-# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the
-# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time.
-#
-# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa
-# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated
-# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's
-# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and
-# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to
-# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this
-# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that
-# it defines Samoa standard time....
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
+# The International Date Line Act 2011
+# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
+# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
+# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted
+# accordingly.
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
-# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html">
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
-# </a>
#
# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
#
# DST
-# Year End Time Start Time
-# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
-# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
+# Year End Time Start Time
+# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
+# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
#
# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
#
-# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03):
-# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012
-# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on
-# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below.
-#
-# From Nicky (2012-09-10):
+# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
-# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.
-#
-# Please find link below for more information.
+# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
#
-# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well
-# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the
-# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
+# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
+# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
-# Western Samoa
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D
+Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S
+Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D
+Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S
Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
-Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
-11:26:56 - LMT 1911
- -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
- -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26
- -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00
- -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00
- -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30
- 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00
+ -11:30 - WSST 1950
+ -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa
13:00 WS WS%sT
# Solomon Is
# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
+Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
# Tokelau Is
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
- -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
+ -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
13:00 - TKT
# Tonga
# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
-# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976
-# <http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf>.
+# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
+# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
# Minus One Hour".
# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
-# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
+# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly
# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
# designations that I've never seen before:....
Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
-11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
-11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
- -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
- -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
- -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
+ -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
+ -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
+ -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
# Palmyra
# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
+Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
# Wallis and Futuna
# NOTES
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
-# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
+# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# Corrections are welcome!
-# std dst
-# LMT Local Mean Time
-# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
-# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
-# 9:00 JST Japan
-# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
-# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
-# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
-# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
-# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
-# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
-# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
-# -11:00 SST Samoa
-# -10:00 HST Hawaii
-# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
-#
-# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
-# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
+# std dst
+# LMT Local Mean Time
+# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
+# 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia*
+# 9:00 JST Japan
+# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
+# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
+# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
+# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe*
+# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
+# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
+# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945*
+# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present*
+# 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present*
+# -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950*
+# -11:00 SST Samoa
+# -10:00 HST Hawaii
+# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
+#
+# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
+# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
###############################################################################
# Australia
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
+# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
+# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
+# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
+# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
+# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
+# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
+# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
+# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
+# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
+# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
+
# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
-# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
-# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
+# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
+# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
-# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
-# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
+# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving
+# covers New South Wales in particular.
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
-# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
-# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
-# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
+# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
+# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
+# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
# abbreviation does _not_ change...
# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
-# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
+# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
# time'.
# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
-# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
-# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
+# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
+# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
-# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
+# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
-# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
-# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
-# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
-# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
-# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
-
-# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
-# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
-# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
-# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
-# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
-# versus "AEST" etc.:
-#
-# I see the following points of dispute:
-#
-# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
-#
-# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
-# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
-# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
-# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
-# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
-# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
-# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
-# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
-#
-# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
-# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
-# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
-# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
-#
-# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
-#
-# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
-# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
-# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
-# Time, for example.
-#
-# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
-# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
-# tiebreaker.
-#
-# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
-# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
-# the word "Australian"?
-#
-# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
-# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
-# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
-# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
-# following count of page hits:
-#
-# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
-# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
-# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
-# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
-#
-# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
-# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
-# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
-# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
-#
-# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
-# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
-# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
-# are the hit counts anyway:
-#
-# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
-# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
-# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
-# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
-#
-# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
-# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
-# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
-# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
-#
-# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
-# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
-#
-# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
-# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
-# the ambiguities involved.
-#
-# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
-#
-# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
-# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
-# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
-# understood in Australia.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+#
+# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
+# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
+# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
+# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
+# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
+# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
+# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
+# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web
+# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
+# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
+# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
+# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
+#
+# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
+# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
+# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
+# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
+# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
+# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
+# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
+# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
+# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
+# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
+#
+# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
+# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
+#
+# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
+# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages
+# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
+# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
+#
+# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
+# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au
+#
+# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
+# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
+# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
+# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers
+# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
+# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
+# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
+#
+# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
+# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/>
+# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
+# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
+# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
+# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
+# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
+# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not
+# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
+# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
+# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
+# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
+# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
+# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
+#
+# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree:
+#
+# The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
+# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
+# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
+# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
+#
+# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
+# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
+# EST CST WST EDT CDT
+#
+# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
+# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
+# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
+#
+# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
+# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
+# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
+#
+# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
+# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
+# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
+#
+# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
+# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
+# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
+# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
+# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
+# appear in reports of events with international implications.
+#
+# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
+# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
+# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
+# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
+# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
+# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
+# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current
+# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
+# "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
-# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
+# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
# relevant entries in this database.
#
# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
-# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
-# </a>
+# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html
# ACT
-# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
-# </a>
+# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html
# SA
-# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
# Standard Time Act, 1898
-# </a>
+# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html
# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
# allude to it.
# But not Queensland
-# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
+# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
# Northern Territory
# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
# it matches what was used in the past.
-# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
-# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
+# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
+# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
# Queensland
# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
-# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
+# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
# WA are trialing DST for three years.
-# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
+# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
# This is confirmed by the section entitled
# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
-# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
+# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html
#
# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
# who notes:
# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
-# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
+# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
# legislation. This is very important to understand.
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
-# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
-# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
-# Two months more daylight saving
-# </a>
-# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
+# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore,
+# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).
+# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html
# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
# See the following official NSW source:
-# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
-# </a>
+# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ
#
# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
# daylight saving next year. See:
-# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
-# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
+# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm
+# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
#
# Victoria will following NSW. See:
-# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
-# Vic to extend daylight saving
-# </a> (1999-07-28).
+# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
+# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm
#
# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
-# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
-# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
-# </a> (1999-07-19).
+# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
+# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm
#
# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
-# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
-# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
-# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
+# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm
+# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
+# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
-# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
+# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
#
# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
-# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
-# Broken Hill to be behind the times
-# </a> (1999-07-21).
+# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
+# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm
# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
# Yancowinna
# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
-# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
+# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
# summer (southern hemisphere).
#
# From
-# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">
# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
-# </a>
# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
#
# We have a wrap-up here:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
-# </a>
###############################################################################
# New Zealand
# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
-# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
+# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
+# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
+# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
+# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
+# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
+# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
+# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
+# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
+# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
+# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
+# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
+# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
+
###############################################################################
# From the BBC World Service in
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
-# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
+# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
# of the new millennium.
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
-# Johnston
-
-# Johnston data is from usno1995.
-
# Kiribati
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
-# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
+# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
# N Mariana Is, Guam
-# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
-# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
+# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
+# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
# see Asia/Manila.
# Micronesia
# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
-# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
-# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
+# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
+# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
#
# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
-# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
-# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
-# </a> (1999-01-26)
+# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
+# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
-# Samoa
+# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
-# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
-# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
-# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
-
+# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
+# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
+# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
+
+# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30
+# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11
+# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
+# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
+# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950,
+# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
+# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
+# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
# Tonga
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
-# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
-# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
+# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
+# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
-# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
-# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
-# </a>:
-
+# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
+# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
+#
# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
#
-# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
-# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
+# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
+# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
#
# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
#
# I was given this link by John Letts:
-# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
-# </a>
#
# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
# (12 + 1 hour DST).
# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
-# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">
-# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
-# </a>:
+# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>:
# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
-# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
+# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>)
# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
#
-# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
+# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
-# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
+# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were
# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
# independent merchant ships until World War II.
# (2005-03-20):
#
# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
-# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
+# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187
# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
# international waters; it ignores the international date line.
-# <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
# This file provides links between current names for time zones
# and their old names. Many names changed in late 1993.
+# Link TARGET LINK-NAME
Link Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera
-Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Timbuktu
Link America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia
Link America/Adak America/Atka
Link America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires America/Buenos_Aires
Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/South_Pole
Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad
Link Asia/Kolkata Asia/Calcutta
-Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking
+Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chongqing
+Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chungking
Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca
+Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Harbin
+Link Asia/Urumqi Asia/Kashgar
Link Asia/Kathmandu Asia/Katmandu
Link Asia/Macau Asia/Macao
Link Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Asia/Saigon
--- /dev/null
+# Zones that go back beyond the scope of the tz database
+
+# This file is in the public domain.
+
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know
+# better, go ahead and edit it (and please send any changes to
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
+
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
+
+# This file contains data outside the normal scope of the tz database,
+# in that its zones do not differ from normal tz zones after 1970.
+# Links in this file point to zones in this file, superseding links in
+# the file 'backward'.
+
+# Although zones in this file may be of some use for analyzing
+# pre-1970 time stamps, they are less reliable, cover only a tiny
+# sliver of the pre-1970 era, and cannot feasibly be improved to cover
+# most of the era. Because the zones are out of normal scope for the
+# database, less effort is put into maintaining this file. Many of
+# the zones were formerly in other source files, but were removed or
+# replaced by links as their data entries were questionable and/or they
+# differed from other zones only in pre-1970 time stamps.
+
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for the data is the following,
+# which does not itself cite sources and is often wrong:
+#
+# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+
+# This file is not intended to be compiled standalone, as it
+# assumes rules from other files. In the tz distribution, use
+# 'make posix_packrat' to compile this file.
+
+# Zones are sorted by zone name. Each zone is preceded by the
+# name of the country that the zone is in, along with any other
+# commentary and rules associated with the entry.
+#
+# As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are:
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+
+# Mali (southern)
+Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
+ 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+ -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Central African Republic
+Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Gambia
+Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912
+ -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
+ -1:00 - WAT 1964
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Malawi
+Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# Republic of the Congo
+Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Burundi
+Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# Guinea
+Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912
+ 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+ -1:00 - WAT 1960
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Senegal
+Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912
+ -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Cameroon
+# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
+ 1:00 - WAT
+# Sierra Leone
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
+# The following table is from Shanks & Pottenger, but it can't be right.
+# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on.
+# The International Hydrographic Bulletin, 1932-33, p 63 says that
+# Sierra Leone would advance its clocks by 20 minutes on 1933-10-01.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST
+Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT
+Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST
+Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT
+Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882
+ -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
+ -1:00 SL %s 1957
+ 0:00 SL %s
+
+# Botswana
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
+# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
+Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
+ 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
+ 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# Zimbabwe
+Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# South Sudan
+Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:24 - LMT 1931
+ 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+# Rwanda
+Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# Democratic Republic of the Congo (west)
+Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Gabon
+Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Togo
+Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Angola
+#
+# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
+# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
+#
+Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892
+ 0:52:04 - AOT 1912 Jan 1 # Angola Time
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Democratic Republic of the Congo (east)
+Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# Zambia
+Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# Equatorial Guinea
+#
+# Although Shanks says that Malabo switched from UTC to UTC+1 on 1963-12-15,
+# a Google Books search says that London Calling, Issues 432-465 (1948), p 19,
+# says that Spanish Guinea was at GMT+1 back then. The Shanks data entries
+# are most likely wrong, but we have nothing better; use them here for now.
+#
+Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912
+ 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Lesotho
+Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
+ 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
+ 2:00 - SAST
+
+# Swaziland
+Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - SAST
+
+# Niger
+Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
+ -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
+ 0:00 - GMT 1960
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Mauritania
+Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912
+ 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+ -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Burkina Faso
+Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Benin
+# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
+ 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# São Tomé and Príncipe
+Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
+ -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Mali (northern)
+Zone Africa/Timbuktu -0:12:04 - LMT 1912
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Anguilla
+Zone America/Anguilla -4:12:16 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# Chubut, Argentina
+# The name "Comodoro Rivadavia" exceeds the 14-byte POSIX limit.
+Zone America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -4:30:00 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3
+ -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 20
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
+ -3:00 - ART 2004 Jun 1
+ -4:00 - WART 2004 Jun 20
+ -3:00 - ART
+
+# Aruba
+Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
+ -4:30 - ANT 1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# Canada
+Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 - LMT 1884
+ -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1946
+ -5:00 - EST
+
+# Dominica
+Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# Baja California
+# See 'northamerica' for why this entry is here rather than there.
+Zone America/Ensenada -7:46:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:13:32
+ -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
+ -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16
+ -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr
+ -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
+ -8:00 - PST 1996
+ -8:00 Mexico P%sT
+
+# Grenada
+Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# Guadeloupe
+Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe-à-Pitre
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# Montserrat
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
+# world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now.
+Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# Argentina
+# This entry was intended for the following areas, but has been superseded by
+# more detailed zones.
+# Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
+# Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH)
+Zone America/Rosario -4:02:40 - LMT 1894 Nov
+ -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Jul
+ -3:00 - ART 1999 Oct 3 0:00
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 0:00
+ -3:00 - ART
+
+# St Kitts-Nevis
+Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Basseterre
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# St Lucia
+Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries
+ -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# Virgin Is
+Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# St Vincent and the Grenadines
+Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown
+ -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# British Virgin Is
+Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
+Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
+ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
+Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
+
+# India
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
+# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 305 says that Madras
+# civil time was 5:20:57.3.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-21):
+# In tomorrow's The Hindu, Nitya Menon reports that India had two civil time
+# zones starting in 1884, one in Bombay and one in Calcutta, and that railways
+# used a third time zone based on Madras time (80 deg. 18'30" E). Also,
+# in 1881 Bombay briefly switched to Madras time, but switched back. See:
+# http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-375-when-madras-clocked-the-time/article6339393.ece
+#Zone Asia/Chennai [not enough info to complete]
+
+# China
+# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
+# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
+# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
+# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
+# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
+Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
+ 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
+Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking
+
+# China
+# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
+# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
+Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
+ 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
+ 8:00 - CST 1940
+ 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
+ 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
+
+# far west China
+Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
+ 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
+ 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
+
+# India
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
+# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# Portuguese India switched to GMT+5 on 1912-01-01.
+#Zone Asia/Panaji [not enough info to complete]
+
+# Israel
+Zone Asia/Tel_Aviv 2:19:04 - LMT 1880
+ 2:21 - JMT 1918
+ 2:00 Zion I%sT
+
+# Jan Mayen
+# From Whitman:
+Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
+
+# St Helena
+Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
+ -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Northern Ireland
+Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
+ -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
+ # DMT = Dublin/Dunsink MT
+ -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
+ # IST = Irish Summer Time
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
+ 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
+ 0:00 EU GMT/BST
+
+# Guernsey
+# Data from Joseph S. Myers
+# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html
+# References to be added
+# LMT Location - 49.27N -2.33E - St.Peter Port
+Zone Europe/Guernsey -0:09:19 - LMT 1913 Jun 18
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
+ 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
+ 0:00 EU GMT/BST
+
+# Isle of Man
+#
+# From Lester Caine (2013-09-04):
+# The Isle of Man legislation is now on-line at
+# <http://www.legislation.gov.im>, starting with the original Statutory
+# Time Act in 1883 and including additional confirmation of some of
+# the dates of the 'Summer Time' orders originating at
+# Westminster. There is a little uncertainty as to the starting date
+# of the first summer time in 1916 which may have be announced a
+# couple of days late. There is still a substantial number of
+# documents to work through, but it is thought that every GB change
+# was also implemented on the island.
+#
+# AT4 of 1883 - The Statutory Time et cetera Act 1883 -
+# LMT Location - 54.1508N -4.4814E - Tynwald Hill ( Manx parliament )
+Zone Europe/Isle_of_Man -0:17:55 - LMT 1883 March 30 0:00s
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
+ 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
+ 0:00 EU GMT/BST
+
+# Jersey
+# Data from Joseph S. Myers
+# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html
+# References to be added
+# LMT Location - 49.187N -2.107E - St. Helier
+Zone Europe/Jersey -0:08:25 - LMT 1898 Jun 11 16:00u
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
+ 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
+ 0:00 EU GMT/BST
+
+# Slovenia
+Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884
+ 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
+ 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Bosnia and Herzegovina
+Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884
+ 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
+ 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Macedonia
+Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884
+ 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
+ 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Moldova / Transnistria
+Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880
+ 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
+ 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
+ 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
+
+# Liechtenstein
+Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
+ 1:00 - CET 1981
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Croatia
+Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884
+ 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
+ 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# US minor outlying islands
+Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
-# <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
Zone Etc/UCT 0 - UCT
# The following link uses older naming conventions,
-# but it belongs here, not in the file `backward',
+# but it belongs here, not in the file 'backward',
# as functions like gmtime load the "GMT" file to handle leap seconds properly.
# We want this to work even on installations that omit the other older names.
Link Etc/GMT GMT
-# <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
# From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
#
-# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
-# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
+# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
+# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
+# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
+# The full Russian citation is:
+# Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
+# введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
+# июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
+# Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
+# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
+#
+# Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
# History of Summer Time
-# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
+# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
+# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
#
# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
+# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
+# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe*
# 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Moscow
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
#
# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
-# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
+# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should
# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
#
# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
-# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
+# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
+# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
+# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
+# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
+# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
+# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
+# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
+# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See:
+# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg.
+# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
+# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
+# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
+# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
+#
+# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
-# designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial,
+# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
# which is permanently set to Summer Time.
# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
-# -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm">
-# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
-# </a>
+# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
+# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
+# http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf
# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
-#
# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
-# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
-# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png
+# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
+# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
# and extending this list, which can be found in
-# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
-# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
-# History of legal time in Britain
-# </a>
-# Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer
-# exists, and the article can now be found at:
-# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
-# </a>
# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
#
# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
-# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
-# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
-# </a>.
+# http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
+# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
#
# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
-# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include
-# various relating to legal time, for example:
+# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
+# These include various relating to legal time, for example:
#
# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
#
# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
+Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
- 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
+ 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
0:00 EU GMT/BST
Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
- -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
- -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
+ -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
+ -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
- 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
- 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
- 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
- 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
- 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
+ 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
+ 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
+ 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
+ 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
+ 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
- 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
+ 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
0:00 EU GMT/IST
Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
-# <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT">
# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
-# </a>
+# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
#
# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
-# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the
+# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
# tz database itself, as seen below:
#
# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
#
# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
-# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
+# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
#
# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
-Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
-Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
+Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
+Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
+Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD
Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
-Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer
+Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer
Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
#
# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
-# <a href="http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583">
# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
-# </a>
#
# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
-# <a href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html">
# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
-# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
# The official German names ... are
#
-# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
-# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
+# Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
+# Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
#
-# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
+# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
- 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
+ 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Austria
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
- 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
- 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
+ 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
1:00 - CET 1946
1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
#
# Sources (Russian language):
-# 1.
-# <a href="http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html">
# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
-# </a>
-# 2.
-# <a href="http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/">
# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
-# </a>
-# 3.
-# <a href="http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html">
# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
-# </a>
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
- 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
+ 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
- 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
- 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time
+ 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 3:00 - FET
# Belgium
#
# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
-# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
+# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
# pp 8-9.
# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
- 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
+ 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
#
# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
-# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
-# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
+# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
+# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
- 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
+ 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
- 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
+ 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
#
# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
-# in subsequenet decrees with the law
+# in subsequent decrees with the law
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
#
# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
# was suspended on that night):
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
- 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
-Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
+Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
0:00 - WET 1981
0:00 EU WE%sT
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
-# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
+# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
-# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing
+# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
#
# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
#
# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
-# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).
+# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb).
#
-# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it
+# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it
# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
#
# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
-# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be
+# this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be
# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
-# the 1995 map as like Godthab.
-# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
+# the 1995 map as like Godthåb.
+# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996.
# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
- -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
+ -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
-3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
0:00 - GMT
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
- -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
+ -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
-2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
-1:00 EU EG%sT
Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
- -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
+ -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
-3:00 EU WG%sT
Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
-4:00 Thule A%sT
# summer time next spring."
# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
-# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
-# </a>
+# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
-# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
+# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
#
# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
-# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
+# From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
# Now we are using again EU rules.
#
-# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):
+# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
- 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
+ 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1
2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
# Finnish) at
-#
-# <a href="http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf">
# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
-# </a>
#
# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
#
# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
-#
-# <a href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401">
# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
-# </a>
#
# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
# exist tonight."
+# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
+# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
+# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
+# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
+# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
+# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
+# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
+# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
+# Go with Oja over Shanks.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
+Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 -
Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
+
+# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
+# round to nearest.
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
- 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
+Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31
+ 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983
2:00 EU EE%sT
-# Aaland Is
+# Åland Is
Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
#
-# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
+# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions
# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
#
-# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
+# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel,
# Paris, 1991
#
-# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
-# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987
+# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie,
+# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987
#
Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
-# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
-# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
-# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
+# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez,
+# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La
+# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
-# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
+# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
-# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
+# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
- 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
-# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
+# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
-# <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
-# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>.
+# http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
+# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
-# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf">
# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
-# </a>
# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
-# Busingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
+# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
#
-# Source for the time in Busingen 1980:
+# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
-# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
+# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
# Gibraltar
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
+Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
1:00 - CET 1982
1:00 EU CE%sT
Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
- 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
+ 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Hungary
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
+# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
+# Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945.
+# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
+# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
+# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
+# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
-Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
- 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
+ 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
-1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
- -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
+ -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
0:00 - GMT
# Italy
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
# F. Pollastri
-# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
-# </a>
+# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html
# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
#
Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
- 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
- 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
+ 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
-# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
-# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).
+# 29-Feb-2000 (#79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>,
+# in Latvian for subscribers only).
-# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html">
-# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
-# </a>
+# From RFE/RL Newsline
+# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
+# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
# clocks one hour in the spring....
-# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
+# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few
# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+
+# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34.
+# Go with Byalokoz.
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
- 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
- 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
- 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
- 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
- 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
+Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880
+ 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT
+ 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST
+ 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
+ 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
+ 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
-# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
+# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>,
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
# to be valid here starting from October 31,
# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
# already done by Estonia.
-# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
-# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
-# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
+# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
+# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27):
+# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
- 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
+ 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
- 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
- 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
+ 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
- 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
- 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
- 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
+ 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
+ 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1:00 EU CE%sT
Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
- 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
+Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
# But [two people] separately reported via
-# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
+# Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
#
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
# to the Winter Time).
#
# News (in Russian):
-# <a href="http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html">
# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
-# </a>
-#
-# <a href="http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html">
# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
-# </a>
#
# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
# News from Moldova (in russian):
-# <a href="http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html">
# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
-# </a>
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# more precise 0:09:21.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
- 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
- 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+ 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1:00 EU CE%sT
# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
# Amsterdam mean time.
-# The data before 1945 are taken from
-# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.
+# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
+# http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
- 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1:00 EU CE%sT
# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
-# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
-# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation
+# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and
+# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation
# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
-# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
+# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been
# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
-# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
+# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by
# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
-# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
+# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
-# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>
+# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html
# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
#
Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
# Poland
+
+# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
+# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
-# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
-# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
-# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
+# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
+# http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
+# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
# He also gives these further references:
# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
- 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
+ 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
- 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
+ 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977
1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
# Portugal
#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
+# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
+# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees
+# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for
+# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.
+#
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
-# Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett.
-Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
- -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
- 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
- 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
- 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
- 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
- 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
+Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
+ -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
+ 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
+ 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
+ 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+ 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
0:00 EU WE%sT
-Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
- -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
- -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
- -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
- -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
- 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
+Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
+ -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time
+ -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
+ -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+ -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
-1:00 EU AZO%sT
-Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
- -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
- -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
- 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
+ -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time
+ -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
+ 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
0:00 EU WE%sT
# Romania
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
-# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
-# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
+# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
+# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
# the same year as Bulgaria.
Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
- 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
- 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
+ 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
+ 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2:00 EU EE%sT
+
# Russia
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
# Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011
# (Government document
-# <a href="http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/">
# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
-# </a>
# in Russian)
# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
-# </a>
# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
# Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
-# <a href="http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966">
# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
# changed in September 2011:
#
# One source is
-# < a href="http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/>
# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
-# </a>
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
# 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
#
# Another source is
-# <a href="http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html">
# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
-# </a>
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
# does not contain any "effective date" information.
#
# Another source is
-# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7">
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
-# </a>
# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011...
# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
#
# The Wikipedia article refers to
-# <a href="http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896">
# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
-# </a>
# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
#
# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
-# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to get
-# September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias Conradi notes).
+# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
+# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
+# Conradi notes).
#
# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
#
# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
+# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
+# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
+# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
+# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new
+# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
+# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
+# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
+# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
+# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
+#
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
+# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
+# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
+# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
+# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
+# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this:
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
+
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
#
# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
-# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
+# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
-# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
+# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
#
# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
-#
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
+# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
+# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
+# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
+# listing. The region codes listed come from
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
+# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
+# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
+# divisions where available.
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-#
-# Kaliningradskaya oblast'.
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
+# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
+
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
-# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
-# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
-# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
-# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
-# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
-# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
-# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
-# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
-# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
-# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
-# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
-# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
-# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
-# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
-# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
-# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
-# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',
-# Yaroslavskaya oblast'
-Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
- 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
- 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 2:00 - EET
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Europe/Moscow covers...
+# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
+# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
+# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
+# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
+# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
+# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
+# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
+# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
+# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
+# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
+# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
+# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
+# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
+# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
+# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
+# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
+# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
+# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
+# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
+# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast
+# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast
+# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
+# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
+# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
+# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
+# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
+# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
+# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
+# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
+# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
+# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
+# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
+# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
+# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
+# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
+# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
+# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
+# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
+# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
+# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
+# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
+# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
+# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
+# 77 RU-MOW Moscow
+# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
+# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
+
+# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
+# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
+# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
+# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
+# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
+# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
+# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
+# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
+# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
+# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
+# 2:31:19 ...
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
+# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
+# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
+# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
+# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
+
+Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
+ 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
+ 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 4:00 - MSK
-#
-# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
-# Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
-# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the
-# others? But we have no data.
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 3:00 - MSK
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Europe/Simferopol covers...
+# ** **** Crimea, Republic of
+# ** **** Sevastopol
+
+Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
+ 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
+ 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
+ 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
+ 2:00 - EET 1992
+# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
+# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
+# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
+# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
+# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
+# changed in May.
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
+# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
+ 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
+ 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
+# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
+# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
+ 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
+# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
+# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
+# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
+# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
+# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
+ 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 3:00 - MSK
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Europe/Volgograd covers...
+# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
+# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
+# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
+# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09):
+# Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300.
+# Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data.
+
Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11
- 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
- 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 4:00 - VOLT
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
-Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
+ 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
+ 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 3:00 - MSK
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Europe/Samara covers...
+# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
+# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
+
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
+
+Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21
4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
- 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
- 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
- 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
- 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
+ 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
+ 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
4:00 - SAMT
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
-# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',
-# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',
-# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',
-# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.
-Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
+# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
+# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
+# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
+# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
+# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
+# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
+# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
+# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
+# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
+#
+# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
+# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
+
+# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
+# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
+# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
+# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
+
+Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3
+ 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
- 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 6:00 - YEKT # Yekaterinburg Time
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
-Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
- 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
- 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 7:00 - OMST
-#
+ 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 5:00 - YEKT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Omsk covers...
+# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
+# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
+# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
+
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
+
+Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
+ 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
+ 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 6:00 - OMST
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Novosibirsk covers...
+# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
+# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
+
# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
-# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
-Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
+
+Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
- 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
- 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 7:00 - NOVT
+ 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 6:00 - NOVT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
+# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
#
# Russian Government web site (Russian language)
-# <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv">
# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
-# </a>
# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
-# </a>
#
# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
-Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
+# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
+# realigning itself with KRAT.
+
+Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1
6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
- 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
- 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 7:00 - NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time
-
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Krasnoyarskij kraj,
-# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
-# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
-Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
+ 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk
+ 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
+# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
+# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
+# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
+#
+# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
+# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
+
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
+
+Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
- 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 8:00 - KRAT
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
-# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.
-Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
- 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
+ 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 7:00 - KRAT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Irkutsk covers...
+# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
+# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
+#
+# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
+# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
+
+# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15.
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05.
+# Go with Byalokoz.
+
+Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880
+ 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
- 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 9:00 - IRKT
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
-# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
-# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.
-
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005...
-# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name.
-# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj.
-
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
-# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
-# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
-# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij,
-# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
-# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij.
-
-Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
+ 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 8:00 - IRKT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
+# Asia/Chita covers...
+# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
+#
+# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
+# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
+
+Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
+ 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
+ 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 8:00 - IRKT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# Asia/Yakutsk covers...
+# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
+#
+# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-02 **** Aldansky District
+# 14-04 **** Amginsky District
+# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
+# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
+# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
+# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District
+# 14-11 **** Gorny District
+# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District
+# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District
+# 14-14 **** Lensky District
+# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District
+# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District
+# 14-18 **** Namsky District
+# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District
+# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District
+# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District
+# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District
+# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District
+# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District
+# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District
+# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District
+# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District
+# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
+# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
+# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
+
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
+
+Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
- 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 10:00 - YAKT
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
-# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
-# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
-
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, ... Ust'-Yanskij.
-Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
+ 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 9:00 - YAKT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# Asia/Vladivostok covers...
+# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
+# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
+# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
+#
+# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District
+# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District
+
+# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5.
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31.
+# Go with Byalokoz.
+
+Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
- 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 11:00 - VLAT
+ 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 10:00 - VLAT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
+# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
# in 2011.
-#
+
# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
-#
+
Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
- 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004
- 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
- 10:00 - YAKT
+ 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
+ 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 9:00 - YAKT
-#
-# Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
-# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Sakhalin covers...
+# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
+# ...with the exception of:
+# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
+
+# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
- 9:00 - CJT 1938
+ 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
- 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
- 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
- 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 11:00 - SAKT
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
-# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
-# Probably also: Kuril Islands.
-
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,
-# Nizhnekolymskij, ... Srednekolymskij.
+ 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T
+ 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
+ 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 10:00 - SAKT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# Asia/Magadan covers...
+# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
+# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
+# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
+# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
+# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
+# need their own zone.
+
Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
- 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 12:00 - MAGT
+ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 10:00 - MAGT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
+# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-01 **** Abyysky District
+# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
+# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
+# 14-17 **** Momsky District
+# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
+# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District
+#
+# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
+# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
+# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
+# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
+# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
+# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
+# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
+# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
+# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
+# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
+#
+# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
+# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
+# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
+# each! (Yikes!)
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
+# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
+#
+# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
+# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
+# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
+# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of
+# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
+# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
+# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
+# Go with Srednekolymsk.
+#
+# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT
+# as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead.
+
+Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
+ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
-# Ojmyakonskij and the Kuril Islands switched from
+# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
+# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
+# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
+# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
+# UTC+12 since at least then, too.
+
Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1
- 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
- 11:00 - VLAT
+ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
+ 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 10:00 - VLAT
+
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Kamchatka covers...
+# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
#
-# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
+# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
+# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
+
+# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
+# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
- 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
12:00 - PETT
-#
-# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Anadyr covers...
+# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
+
Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
- 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
- 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
+ 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
12:00 - ANAT
+
# San Marino
# See Europe/Rome.
Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
- 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
+ 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
-# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
+# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
-# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
+# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1:00 EU CE%sT
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
0:00 - WET 1924
0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
- 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
+ 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
1:00 - CET 1986
1:00 EU CE%sT
Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
- -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
- 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
- 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
+ -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T
+ 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
+ 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
0:00 EU WE%sT
# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
#
-# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
+# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
#
# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
-# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
+# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
#
-# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
+# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
-# the Sok-button).
+# the Sök-button).
#
# (2001-05-13):
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
- 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
+ 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
- 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00
1:00 - CET 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
# From Howse:
# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
-# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
+# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
# to be wrong. This is now verified.
#
# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
-# government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
+# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
# federal law collection)...
#
# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
# a thing had happened in Switzerland.
#
-# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de
+# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de
# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
-# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
+# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
#
# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
# The Federal regulations say
# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
-# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26'22.50".
+# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
-# the "Circulaire du conseil federal" (December 11 1893)
-# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ...
+# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893)
+# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353
# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
# hour before the beginning of service.
# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
#
-# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmassig, punktlich, schnell: Zeiteinteilung und
+# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
#
# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
-# "Bundesgesetz uber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
+# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
- 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
+ 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
-# ... The latest rules are available at -
+# ... The latest rules are available at:
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
-# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
-#
+# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
# Turkish Local election....
# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-02-17):
-# Here is an English-language source:
-# http://www.worldbulletin.net/turkey/129016/turkey-switches-to-daylight-saving-time-march-31
+# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
+# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
+# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
+# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
+# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
+# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See:
+# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
+# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
+# I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
- 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
- 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
- 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
- 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
+ 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
+ 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
2:00 EU EE%sT
Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
# Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
# approval from 266 deputies.
#
-# Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian)
+# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
#
# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
-# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
+# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
1:00 - CET 1940
1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
- 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
- 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
+ 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
+ 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
2:00 - EET 1992
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2:00 EU EE%sT
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2:00 EU EE%sT
-# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
-Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
- 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
- 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
- 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
- 2:00 - EET 1992
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
-# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
-# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
-# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
-# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
-# changed in May.
- 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
-# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
- 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
- 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
-# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
-# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
- 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
-# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
-# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
-# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
-# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
-# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
- 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
- 4:00 - MSK
# Vatican City
# See Europe/Rome.
# ...
#
# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
-# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
+# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only
# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
-# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
+# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
#
# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
-# <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-05-27):
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
+# This file contains a table of two-letter country codes. Columns are
+# separated by a single tab. Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
+# Although all text currently uses ASCII encoding, this is planned to
+# change to UTF-8 soon. The columns of the table are as follows:
#
-# This file contains a table with the following columns:
# 1. ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code, current as of
-# ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-15 (2013-05-10). See: Updates on ISO 3166
+# ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-16 (2013-07-11). See: Updates on ISO 3166
# http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/country_codes/updates_on_iso_3166.htm
# 2. The usual English name for the coded region,
# chosen so that alphabetic sorting of subsets produces helpful lists.
# This is not the same as the English name in the ISO 3166 tables.
#
-# Columns are separated by a single tab.
# The table is sorted by country code.
#
-# Lines beginning with `#' are comments.
-#
# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
# zone data appropriate for their practical needs. It is not intended
# to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
-# Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file.
+# Allowance for leap seconds added to each time zone file.
# This file is in the public domain.
# you should be able to pick up leap-seconds.list from a secondary NIST server.
# For more about leap-seconds.list, please see
# The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds
-# <http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/leap.html>.
+# http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/leap.html
# The International Earth Rotation Service periodically uses leap seconds
# to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
-# <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
# also includes Central America and the Caribbean
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
# them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
#
-# -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
+# -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
# Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
#
# For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
-# Robert Garland's <a href="http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html">
-# Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
-# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927)</a>.
+# Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
+# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
+# http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
#
# Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
# However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
# From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
# Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
# In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
-# An AltaVista search turned up
-# <a href="http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html">:
+# An AltaVista search turned up:
+# http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
# "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
# Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.' Peace is wonderful."
-# </a> (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
+# (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
# From Joseph Gallant citing
# George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
# USA ALASKA STD 9 H BEHIND UTC MOST OF ALASKA (AKST)
# USA ALASKA STD 8 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
# USA ALEUTIAN 10 H BEHIND UTC ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
-# USA - " - 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
+# USA " 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
# USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC
# USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY
# The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
#
# H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
-# (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
+# (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
# U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
-# (1) by striking 'first Sunday of April' and inserting 'second
-# Sunday of March'; and
-# (2) by striking 'last Sunday of October' and inserting 'first
+# (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
+# Sunday of March"; and
+# (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
# Sunday of November'.
-# (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
+# (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
# date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
-# (c) Report to Congress- Not later than 9 months after the effective
+# (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
# date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
# on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
# States.
-# (d) Right to Revert- Congress retains the right to revert the
+# (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
# Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
# Department study is complete.
# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
# According to today's Huntsville Times
-# <http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1>
+# http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
# a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
# in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
# set their watches and clocks on Eastern time." It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
# time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
# in Columbus."
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
+# Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
+# says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
+# Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch. Round to the
+# nearest second.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule NYC 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
-6:00 US C%sT 1920
- -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1936 Nov 15 2:00
+ -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1936 Nov 15 2:00
-6:00 Chicago C%sT 1942
-6:00 US C%sT 1946
-6:00 Chicago C%sT 1967
-6:00 US C%sT
# Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
- -7:00 US M%sT 1992 Oct 25 02:00
+ -7:00 US M%sT 1992 Oct 25 2:00
-6:00 US C%sT
# Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
# 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
# Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
# but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
# See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
-Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
- -7:00 US M%sT 2003 Oct 26 02:00
+Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
+ -7:00 US M%sT 2003 Oct 26 2:00
-6:00 US C%sT
# From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
# ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
# mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
# daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
-# <a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm">
# http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
-# </a>
-# <a href="http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html">
# http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
-# </a>
# From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
# ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
# it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
# largest city in Mercer County). Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
-# at 4715'51" north, 10146'40" west, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".
+# at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset
+# of 6h47'07".
-Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
- -7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00
+Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
+ -7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00
-6:00 US C%sT
# US mountain time, represented by Denver
# was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.) However, there
# were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
# it's best to simply use the official transition.
-#
-# From Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31):
-# The author lives in Alaska and many of the references listed are only
-# available to Alaskan residents.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
+# One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
+# daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
+# "Welcome to Juneau. Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
+# See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
+# http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
#
-# <a href="http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98">
-# http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98
-# </a>
+# Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
+# Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
+# Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
+# http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
# From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
# Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
# From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
# I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
# Community office (using contact information available at
-# <a href="http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla">
# http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
-# </a>).
# It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
# the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
-# that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no--they were on their
+# that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
# own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
# did not inquire about practices in the past.
-8:00 - PST 1942
-8:00 US P%sT 1946
-8:00 - PST 1969
- -8:00 US P%sT 1980 Apr 27 2:00
- -9:00 US Y%sT 1980 Oct 26 2:00
- -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1980 Apr 27 2:00
+ -9:00 US Y%sT 1980 Oct 26 2:00
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
-9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
-9:00 US AK%sT
Zone America/Sitka 14:58:47 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
-8:00 - PST 1942
-8:00 US P%sT 1946
-8:00 - PST 1969
- -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
-9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
-9:00 US AK%sT
Zone America/Metlakatla 15:13:42 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
-8:00 - PST 1942
-8:00 US P%sT 1946
-8:00 - PST 1969
- -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
- -8:00 - MeST
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+ -8:00 - PST
Zone America/Yakutat 14:41:05 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
-9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
-9:00 - YST 1942
-10:00 US CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
-10:00 - CAT 1967 Apr
-10:00 - AHST 1969
- -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+ -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
-9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
-9:00 US AK%sT
Zone America/Nome 12:58:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
-11:00 US N%sT 1946
-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
-11:00 - BST 1969
- -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+ -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
-9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
-9:00 US AK%sT
Zone America/Adak 12:13:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
-11:00 US N%sT 1946
-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
-11:00 - BST 1969
- -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+ -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
-10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Nov 30
-10:00 US HA%sT
# The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
# Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
# "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
# location not on Alaska Standard Time. The following resolution was
-# made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
+# made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
# resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
# Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
# January 14, Alaska Standard Time.) This resolution was passed with
# "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
# of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
# the article is available at
-# <a href="http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf">
# http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
-# </a>
# and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
# 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
# saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
# year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
# hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
# day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
-# Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
+# Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
# hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
# which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
# that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
# Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
# We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
-Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Jan 13 12:00 #Schmitt&Cox
- -10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00 #Laws 1933
- -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 12:00 #Laws 1933+12
- -10:30 - HST 1942 Feb 09 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
- -10:30 1:00 HDT 1945 Sep 30 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
- -10:30 - HST 1947 Jun 8 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Jan 13 12:00
+ -10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00
+ -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 12:00
+ -10:30 - HST 1942 Feb 9 2:00
+ -10:30 1:00 HDT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
+ -10:30 - HST 1947 Jun 8 2:00
-10:00 - HST
-
Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
# Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
#
# The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
-# <a href="http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm">
-# Daylight Saving Time web page (2002-01-23)</a> maintained by the
-# Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
+# Daylight Saving Time web page
+# <http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm> (2002-01-23)
+# maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
# Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
# time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
# personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
# Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
# Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
- -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 00:01
- -7:00 - MST 1944 Apr 1 00:01
- -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Oct 1 00:01
+ -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 0:01
+ -7:00 - MST 1944 Apr 1 0:01
+ -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Oct 1 0:01
-7:00 - MST 1967
-7:00 US M%sT 1968 Mar 21
-7:00 - MST
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
- -8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00
-7:00 US M%sT 1974
- -7:00 - MST 1974 Feb 3 2:00
+ -7:00 - MST 1974 Feb 3 2:00
-7:00 US M%sT
# Indiana
#
# For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
-# <a href="http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html">
-# What time is it in Indiana?
-# </a> (2006-03-01)
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
#
# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
# Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
# with the following exceptions:
#
# - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
-# Vandenburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
+# Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
#
# - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
#
# that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
-# http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.
-
-# From Nathan Stratton Treadway (2006-03-30):
-# http://www.dot.gov/affairs/dot0406.htm [3705 B]
-# From Deborah Goldsmith (2006-01-18):
-# http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/pdf95/382329_web.pdf [2.9 MB]
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
-# It says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
+# https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
+# says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
# Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
# Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
-# this rule is 2:OO a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
+# this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
# changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
-# Strictly speaking, this means the affected counties will change their
-# clocks twice that night, but this obviously is in error. The intent
-# is that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
+# Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
+# clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error. The intent
+# was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
# From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
# The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Indianapolis 1946 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
+Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
-6:00 US C%sT 1920
-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
-6:00 US C%sT 1946
- -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1957 Sep 29 2:00
- -6:00 - CST 1958 Apr 27 2:00
+ -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1957 Sep 29 2:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1958 Apr 27 2:00
-5:00 - EST 1969
-5:00 US E%sT 1971
-5:00 - EST 2006
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
-6:00 US C%sT 1951
- -6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
+ -6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
-5:00 - EST 1969
- -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
- -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
+ -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
-5:00 US E%sT 1976
-5:00 - EST 2006
-5:00 US E%sT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
-6:00 US C%sT 1946
- -6:00 Vincennes C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
+ -6:00 Vincennes C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
-5:00 - EST 1969
-5:00 US E%sT 1971
- -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
- -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
-5:00 US E%sT
#
# Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
-6:00 US C%sT 1946
- -6:00 Perry C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
+ -6:00 Perry C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
-5:00 - EST 1969
-5:00 US E%sT 1971
- -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
-6:00 US C%sT
#
# Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
-6:00 US C%sT 1955
- -6:00 Pike C%sT 1965 Apr 25 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1966 Oct 30 2:00
- -6:00 US C%sT 1977 Oct 30 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
- -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
+ -6:00 Pike C%sT 1965 Apr 25 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1966 Oct 30 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1977 Oct 30 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
-5:00 US E%sT
#
# Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
-6:00 US C%sT 1947
- -6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1963 Oct 27 2:00
- -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
+ -6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1963 Oct 27 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
-6:00 US C%sT
#
# Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
-6:00 US C%sT 1946
- -6:00 Pulaski C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
+ -6:00 Pulaski C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
-5:00 - EST 1969
-5:00 US E%sT 1971
- -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
- -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Mar 11 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Mar 11 2:00
-5:00 US E%sT
#
# Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
- -6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00
-5:00 - EST 1969
-5:00 US E%sT 1973
-5:00 - EST 2006
-6:00 US C%sT 1921
-6:00 Louisville C%sT 1942
-6:00 US C%sT 1946
- -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1961 Jul 23 2:00
+ -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1961 Jul 23 2:00
-5:00 - EST 1968
- -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
- -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
+ -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
-5:00 US E%sT
#
# Wayne County, Kentucky
#
-# From
-# <a href="http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml">
-# Lake Cumberland LIFE
-# </a> (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
+# From Lake Cumberland LIFE
+# http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
+# (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
# Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
# the Central to the Eastern time zone.... The Wayne County government made
# the same request in December. And while Russell County officials have not
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
# The final rule was published in the
-# <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22">
-# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158.
-# </a>
+# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
+# http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22
#
Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
-6:00 US C%sT 1946
# See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
# West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
# 1999-10-31. See the
-# <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15">
-# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), page 56705-56707.
-# </a>
+# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
+# http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15
# However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
# on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
# hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
Rule Detroit 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905
- -6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00
-5:00 - EST 1942
-5:00 US E%sT 1946
-5:00 Detroit E%sT 1973
-5:00 US E%sT 1975
- -5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00
-5:00 US E%sT
#
# Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00
-6:00 US C%sT 1946
- -6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00
+ -6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00
-6:00 US C%sT
# Navassa
# Canada
-# From Alain LaBont<e'> (1994-11-14):
+# From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
# I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
# for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
#
-# UTC Standard time Daylight savings time
+# UTC Standard time Daylight saving time
# offset French English French English
# -2:30 - - HAT NDT
# -3 - - HAA ADT
# -9 HNY YST - -
#
# HN: Heure Normale ST: Standard Time
-# HA: Heure Avanc<e'>e DT: Daylight saving Time
+# HA: Heure Avancée DT: Daylight saving Time
#
# A: de l'Atlantique Atlantic
# C: du Centre Central
# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
# Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
-# Unless otherwise specified, the data for Canada are all from Shanks
+# Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
# & Pottenger.
# From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
# H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
-# <a href="http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp">
# "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
-# </a> contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
+# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
+# contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
# time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
#
-# INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has <a
-# href="http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/time_services/daylight_saving_e.php">
+# INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has
# information about standard and daylight saving time zones in Canada.
-# </a> (updated periodically).
+# http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/time_services/daylight_saving_e.php
+# (updated periodically).
# Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
# In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
-# <a href="http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260">
# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
-# </a>
# she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
# The quote includes these two statements:
# 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
# Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
# now occurs at 2:00AM.
# ...
-# <a href="http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm">
# http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
-# </a>
# ...
# MICHAEL PELLEY | Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
# Office of the Chief Information Officer
-3:30 - NST 1936
-3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
-3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
- -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00
+ -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00
-4:00 StJohns A%sT 2011 Nov
-4:00 Canada A%sT
Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
-4:00 Halifax A%sT 1918
-4:00 Canada A%sT 1919
- -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
+ -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
-4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
-4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
-4:00 Canada A%sT
# meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
# Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
# The Quebec department of justice writes in
-# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Cote-Nord"
+# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
# http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
# observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
# says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
-# for post-1970 data America/Puerto_Rico.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Mont 1924 only - May 17 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Mont 1924 1926 - Sep lastSun 2:30 0 S
Rule Mont 1925 1926 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-# The 1927-to-1937 rules can be expressed more simply as
-# Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Apr lastSat 24:00 1:00 D
-# Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Sep lastSat 24:00 0 S
-# The rules below avoid use of 24:00
-# (which pre-1998 versions of zic cannot handle).
-Rule Mont 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mont 1927 1932 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
-Rule Mont 1928 1931 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mont 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mont 1933 1940 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mont 1933 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Mont 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
+Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Apr lastSat 24:00 1:00 D
+Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Sep lastSat 24:00 0 S
+Rule Mont 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Mont 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
Rule Mont 1946 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Mont 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Mont 1949 1950 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
-5:00 Mont E%sT 1918
-5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
- -5:00 Mont E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
+ -5:00 Mont E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
-5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
-5:00 Mont E%sT 1974
-5:00 Canada E%sT
# have already done so. In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
# 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
# hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
-# only two weeks -- I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
+# only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
# presumably that should be -07-06. (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
# earlier in June).
#
# Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
-# He also writes that the
-# <a href="http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html">
-# Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
-# </a>
+# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
+# http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
# The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
# volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
# was available at
-# <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S">
# http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
-# </a>
#
# It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
#
# ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
# for the other provinces only approximate:
#
-# Province Daylight saving time used
+# Province Daylight saving time used
# Prince Edward Island Not used.
# Nova Scotia In Halifax only.
# New Brunswick In St. John only.
# Quebec In the following places:
-# Montreal Lachine
-# Quebec Mont-Royal
-# Levis Iberville
-# St. Lambert Cap de la Madeleine
-# Verdun Loretteville
-# Westmount Richmond
-# Outremont St. Jerome
-# Longueuil Greenfield Park
-# Arvida Waterloo
-# Chambly-Canton Beaulieu
-# Melbourne La Tuque
-# St. Theophile Buckingham
+# Montreal Lachine
+# Quebec Mont-Royal
+# Lévis Iberville
+# St. Lambert Cap de la Madelèine
+# Verdun Loretteville
+# Westmount Richmond
+# Outremont St. Jérôme
+# Longueuil Greenfield Park
+# Arvida Waterloo
+# Chambly-Canton Beaulieu
+# Melbourne La Tuque
+# St. Théophile Buckingham
# Ontario Used generally in the cities and towns along
-# the southerly part of the province. Not
-# used in the northwesterlhy part.
+# the southerly part of the province. Not
+# used in the northwesterly part.
# Manitoba Not used.
# Saskatchewan In Regina only.
# Alberta Not used.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Toronto -5:17:32 - LMT 1895
-5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
- -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
+ -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
-5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
-5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974
-5:00 Canada E%sT
-5:00 Canada E%sT
Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895
-5:00 Canada E%sT 1940 Sep 29
- -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
+ -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
-5:00 Canada E%sT
Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895
-6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
- -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
+ -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
-6:00 Canada C%sT
Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
-6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
- -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
- -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
+ -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
-5:00 - EST
# the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
# Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
# following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
-# I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had =
+# I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
# been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
# Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
# the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
- -7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
+ -7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
-6:00 - CST
Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 - LMT 1905 Sep
- -7:00 Canada M%sT 1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
+ -7:00 Canada M%sT 1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
-7:00 Regina M%sT 1950
- -7:00 Swift M%sT 1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
+ -7:00 Swift M%sT 1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
-6:00 - CST
# Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
# keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
# manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
-# <a href="http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260">
# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
-# </a>
# According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
# i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
# Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
# Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
# unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months
# ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just
-# as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing the
-# article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the subject
-# of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
-# <a href="http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56">
+# as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing
+# the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
+# subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
# http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
-# </a>
# Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
# 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
# Exact date unknown
# 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
-# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
+# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
# 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
# Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
# note#1:
# There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
# (UTC-7) forever.
# The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
-# <a href="http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html">
# http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
-# </a>
# During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
# In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
-8:00 Canada P%sT
Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT 1884
-8:00 Canada P%sT 1947
- -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1972 Aug 30 2:00
+ -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1972 Aug 30 2:00
-7:00 - MST
Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
-7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1
# From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
# Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
-# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html">
# Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
-# </a>
+# http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
#
# From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
# We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
# to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
-# <a href="http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html">
# Basic Facts: The New Territory
-# </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
+# http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
+# (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
# and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST. We don't know when
# Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
# the current state of affairs.
# From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
-# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html">
-# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19)</a>:
+# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
+# http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
# Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
# central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
# for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then]
# Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
# required to use daylight savings.
-# From
-# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html">
-# Nunavut now has two time zones
-# </a> (2000-11-10):
+# From <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html>
+# Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
# The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
# Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
# one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
# used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
# businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
# Aziz:
-# <a href="http://www.uphere.ca/node/493">
# http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
-# </a>
#
# I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
# Eastern Standard Time.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# aka Panniqtuuq
Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - zzz 1921 # trading post est.
- -4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
- -5:00 Canada E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
- -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
+ -4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
-5:00 Canada E%sT
# formerly Frobisher Bay
Zone America/Iqaluit 0 - zzz 1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
- -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
- -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
+ -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
-5:00 Canada E%sT
# aka Qausuittuq
Zone America/Resolute 0 - zzz 1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
- -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
- -6:00 Canada C%sT 2006 Oct 29 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 2007 Mar 11 3:00
+ -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT 2006 Oct 29 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 2007 Mar 11 3:00
-6:00 Canada C%sT
# aka Kangiqiniq
Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0 - zzz 1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
- -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
+ -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
-6:00 Canada C%sT
# aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0 - zzz 1920 # trading post est.?
- -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
- -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 2000 Nov 5 0:00
- -6:00 - CST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
+ -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 2000 Nov 5 0:00
+ -6:00 - CST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
-7:00 Canada M%sT
Zone America/Yellowknife 0 - zzz 1935 # Yellowknife founded?
-7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
-7:00 Canada M%sT
Zone America/Inuvik 0 - zzz 1953 # Inuvik founded
- -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
+ -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
-7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
-7:00 Canada M%sT
Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
- -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1966 Jul 1 2:00
+ -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1966 Jul 1 2:00
-8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
-8:00 Canada P%sT
Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
- -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00
+ -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00
-8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
-8:00 Canada P%sT
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
# The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
# Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
-# <a href="http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/">
# history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
-# </a>.
+# http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/
#
# Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
# (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
# -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
# For an English translation of the decree, see
-# <a href="http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html">
# "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
-# </a>
+# http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
# The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
# savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
# Arizona year round.
-# From Jesper Norgaard, translating
+# From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
# <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
# In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
# Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
# January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
# that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
# this year....
-# <http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001>
+# http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
# [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
# in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
# The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
# story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
# http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
-# ... Mexico City Mayor Lopez Obrador "...is threatening to keep
+# ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
# Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
-# the rest of the country..." In particular, Lopez Obrador would abolish
+# the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
# observation of Daylight Saving Time.
-# <a href="http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre">
# Official statute published by the Energy Department
-# </a> (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
-# and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Norgaard (2001-02-03).
+# http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
+# (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
+# and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
#
-# <a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html">
+# http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
# James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
-# </a>
# * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
-# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador decreed that
+# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
# the Federal District will not adopt DST.
# * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
# * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
#
# For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
-# From Jesper Norgaard (2001-04-01):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
# I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
# saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
# that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
# saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
# Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
# September 30, 2001.
-# References: "Diario de Monterrey" <www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
+# References: "Diario de Monterrey" <http://www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
# Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
# From Reuters (2001-09-04):
# standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
# subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
# ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
# that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
# http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
# > the United States.
# Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
# 2010, some border regions will be the same:
-# <a href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/">
# http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
-# </a>
-# <a href="http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939">
# http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
-# </a>
# (Spanish)
#
# Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
-# <a href="http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf">
# http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
-# </a>
# (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
#
# There is also a list of the votes here:
-# <a href="http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html">
# http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
-# </a>
#
# Our page:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
-# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
# The page
-# <a href="http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010">
# http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
-# </a>
# includes this text:
# En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
-# Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
-# Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
-# Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
-# desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
+# Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
+# Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
+# Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
+# desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
# horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
# En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
-# fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
-# internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
-# kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
-# interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
-# efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
+# fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
+# internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
+# kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
+# interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
+# efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
# las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Mexico 2002 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Mexico 2002 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# Quintana Roo
+# Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56
-6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
-5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00
-6:00 Mexico C%sT
-# Campeche, Yucatan
+# Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
Zone America/Merida -5:58:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:01:32
-6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
-5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2
-6:00 Mexico C%sT
-# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (near US border)
+# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
Zone America/Matamoros -6:40:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
-6:00 - CST 1988
-6:00 US C%sT 1989
-6:00 Mexico C%sT 2010
-6:00 US C%sT
-# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
+# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
-6:00 - CST 1988
-6:00 US C%sT 1989
-6:00 Mexico C%sT
# Central Mexico
-Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24
+Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24
-7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
-6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
-7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
-6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
-7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
- -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001 Sep 30 02:00
+ -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001 Sep 30 2:00
-6:00 - CST 2002 Feb 20
-6:00 Mexico C%sT
# Chihuahua (near US border)
-Zone America/Ojinaga -6:57:40 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
+Zone America/Ojinaga -6:57:40 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
-7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
-6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
-7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
-7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
-6:00 - CST 1996
-6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
- -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
-7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010
-7:00 US M%sT
# Chihuahua (away from US border)
-7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
-6:00 - CST 1996
-6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
- -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
-7:00 Mexico M%sT
# Sonora
Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
-7:00 - MST
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
-# According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
+# According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
# changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
# share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
#
# (Spanish)
-# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
-# país, a partir de este domingo
-# <a href="http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748">
+# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
+# país, a partir de este domingo
# http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
-# </a>
#
-# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
-# País
-# <a href="http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50">
-# http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50"
-# </a>
+# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
+# País
+# http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
#
# (English)
-# Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
-# <a href="http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml">
+# Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
# http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
-# </a>
-#
-# or
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
-# </a>
#
# "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
-# will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
+# will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
# zone ..."
# Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
# From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
# Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
+# Mazatlán
Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
-7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
-6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
-8:00 - PST 1970
-7:00 Mexico M%sT
+# Bahía de Banderas
Zone America/Bahia_Banderas -7:01:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
-7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
-6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
-6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
-7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
-8:00 - PST 1970
- -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010 Apr 4 2:00
+ -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010 Apr 4 2:00
-6:00 Mexico C%sT
# Baja California (near US border)
# America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
# through 1995. This was as per Shanks (1999). But Shanks & Pottenger say
# Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975. Guy Harris reports
-# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and
+# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
# Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
# DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then. This concerns
# data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
###############################################################################
# Anguilla
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
# Antigua and Barbuda
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
- -3:58:29 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
+Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
+ -3:58:29 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
-4:00 Barb A%sT
# Belize
# http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
- -4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
+Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
+ -4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
-4:00 Canada A%sT 1976
-4:00 US A%sT
# Cayman Is
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown
- -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown
+ -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST
# Costa Rica
-# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San Jose mean time; round to nearest.
+# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
-# There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
+# There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890 # San Jose
- -5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
+Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890 # San José
+ -5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
-6:00 CR C%sT
# Coco
# no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
# During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
# "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
# Time today." (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
-# sleep on 1999-03-28--when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
-# to DST--and one more hour on 1999-04-04--when the announcers will have
+# sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
+# to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
# returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
# adjustment in Cuba. We will stay in daylight saving time:
# http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
# An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
# the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
# http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
# "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
-# watches should be set back one hour -- going back to 00:00 hours -- returning
+# watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
# to the normal schedule....
# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
-# http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html, dated yesterday,
+# <http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html>, dated yesterday,
# says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
# For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
# except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
# http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
# http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
#
-# From Alex Kryvenishev (2007-10-25):
+# From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
# Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
#
-# [Regira] el Horario Normal desde el [proximo] domingo 28 de octubre
+# Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
# http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
#
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
# I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
# Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
-# <a href="http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj">
# http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
-# </a>, a Cuban information station, and heard
+# a Cuban information station, and heard
# the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
# indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
# It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
# It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
-# <a href="http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm">
# http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
-# </a>
#
# Some more background information is posted here:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
-# </a>
#
# The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
# while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
# change some historic records as well.
#
# One example:
-# <a href="http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm">
# http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
-# </a>
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
# The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
# web site, the Granma. Please check out
-# <a href="http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html">
# http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
-# </a>
#
-# Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsens information, the change
+# Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
# will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
# midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
# not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
#
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
# (in Spanish)
-# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
# I listened over the Internet to
-# <a href="http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj">
# http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
-# </a>
# this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
-# the time was announced as "diez cinco"--the same time as here, indicating
+# the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
# that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
# changed at all).
#
# Source:
-# <a href="http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html">
# http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
-# </a>
#
# Our info:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
-# </a>
#
# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
# Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
# tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
#
# One source (Spanish)
-# <a href="http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html">
# http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
-# </a>
#
# Our page:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
-# </a>
#
# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
# According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
# 31 and April 1.
#
# Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
-# <a href="http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril">
# http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
-# </a>
#
# Our info on it:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
-# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
# Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
-5:00 Cuba C%sT
# Dominica
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
# Dominican Republic
Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890
-4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
-5:00 DR E%sT 1974 Oct 27
- -4:00 - AST 2000 Oct 29 02:00
- -5:00 US E%sT 2000 Dec 3 01:00
+ -4:00 - AST 2000 Oct 29 2:00
+ -5:00 US E%sT 2000 Dec 3 1:00
-4:00 - AST
# El Salvador
# There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
# instead of America/San_Salvador.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador
+Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador
-6:00 Salv C%sT
# Grenada
# Guadeloupe
-# St Barthelemy
+# St Barthélemy
# St Martin (French part)
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
# Guatemala
#
# From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
# Diario Co Latino, at
-# http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079,
+# <http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079>,
# says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
# decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
# impact of the elevated cost of oil.... Daylight saving time will last from
# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
# The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
# (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00. See
-# <http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf>.
+# http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Guat 1973 only - Nov 25 0:00 1:00 D
# Haiti
# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
-# Risto O. Nykanen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
-# I searched for confirmation, and I found a
-# <a href="http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc"> press release
+# Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
+# I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
# on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
-# </a>. Translated from French, it says:
+# <http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc>. Translated from French, it says:
#
# "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
# and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
# <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
# of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
# It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
# 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
-# Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08)
-# <http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12>.
+# Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
+# http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
# It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
# Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
# unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
# island". Go with Milne. Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
+#
+# Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but
+# Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5.
+# Assume Neita meant Jan 6 02:00, the same as the US. Neita also writes that
+# Manley's supporters associated this act with Manley's nickname "Joshua"
+# (recall that in the Bible the sun stood still at Joshua's request),
+# and with the Rod of Correction which Manley said he had received from
+# Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia. See:
+# Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
+# http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
+#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:11 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
+Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:11 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
-5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
- -5:00 - EST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1974
-5:00 US E%sT 1984
-5:00 - EST
# Martinique
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France
- -4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT
+Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France
+ -4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT
-4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6
-4:00 1:00 ADT 1980 Sep 28
-4:00 - AST
# Montserrat
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
# Nicaragua
#
# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
# The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
# http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
-# and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
+# and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
# time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
-# during the Arnoldo Aleman administration."...
+# during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
# The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
# since December 1998. I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
# changes in 2000. Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
# the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
#
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
# Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
# (2005-09-26)
#
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
# http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
# (my informal translation)
-# By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolanos, Nicaragua
+# By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
# advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
-# morning, and will stay that way until 30.th. of september.
+# morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
#
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
# My informal translation runs:
# The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
-5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
-6:00 - CST 1973 May
-5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16
- -6:00 Nic C%sT 1992 Jan 1 4:00
+ -6:00 Nic C%sT 1992 Jan 1 4:00
-5:00 - EST 1992 Sep 24
-6:00 - CST 1993
-5:00 - EST 1997
# Panama
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
- -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colon Mean Time
+ -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
-5:00 - EST
# Puerto Rico
# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
+Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
-4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
-4:00 US A%sT 1946
-4:00 - AST
# St Kitts-Nevis
# St Lucia
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
# St Pierre and Miquelon
# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
+Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
-4:00 - AST 1980 May
-3:00 - PMST 1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
-3:00 Canada PM%sT
# St Vincent and the Grenadines
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
# Turks and Caicos
#
# From Chris Dunn in
-# <http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007>
+# http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007
# (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
# daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
# the recent U.S. change of dates.
# Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
# indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-01):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1998)
-# says they switch at midnight. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
+# The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UTC-4 year-round. See:
+# http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
+# Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST on 2014-11-02 at 02:00.
#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule TC 1979 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule TC 1979 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule TC 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule TC 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule TC 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
- -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
- -5:00 TC E%sT
+ -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+ -5:00 - EST 1979
+ -5:00 US E%sT 2014 Nov 2 2:00
+ -4:00 - AST
# British Virgin Is
# Virgin Is
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+
+# Local Variables:
+# coding: utf-8
+# End:
-# <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-# <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
#
# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
# _daylight-saving time_. _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
# in Europe and South America.
-# -- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
+# -- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
# H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
#
# Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
# for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
-# "summer time". Reinaldo Goulart, a Sao Paulo businessman active in
+# "summer time". Reinaldo Goulart, a São Paulo businessman active in
# the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
# The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
-# Brazil. Let's say that "the Brasilia time" is considered the
-# "official time" because Brasilia is the capital city.
-# The other three time zones are called "Brasilia time "minus one" or
+# Brazil. Let's say that "the Brasília time" is considered the
+# "official time" because Brasília is the capital city.
+# The other three time zones are called "Brasília time "minus one" or
# "plus one" or "plus two". As far as I know there is no such
# name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
# So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst
# -2:00 FNT FNST Fernando de Noronha
-# -3:00 BRT BRST Brasilia
+# -3:00 BRT BRST Brasília
# -4:00 AMT AMST Amazon
# -5:00 ACT ACST Acre
# Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
# Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974. Switches at midnight.
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-199):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-19):
# ARGENTINA 3 H BEHIND UTC
# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
# These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
# obtaining the data from the:
-# Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
+# Talleres de Hidrografía Naval Argentina
# (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
Rule Arg 1989 1993 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1989 1992 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 2000 only - Mar 3 0:00 0 -
#
# From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
-# We just checked with our Sao Paulo office and they say the government of
+# We just checked with our São Paulo office and they say the government of
# Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
# So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
#
-# From Fabian L. Arce Jofre (2000-04-04):
+# From Fabián L. Arce Jofré (2000-04-04):
# The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
-# de la Rua on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
+# de la Rúa on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
# in the winter time, rather than less. The change took effect on March 3.
#
# From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
# that Argentina will use DST next year as well, from October to
# March, although exact rules are not given.
#
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
# The last hurdle of Argentina DST is over, the proposal was approved in
-# the lower chamber too (Deputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
+# the lower chamber too (Diputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
# By the way thanks to Mariano Absatz and Daniel Mario Vega for the link to
# the original scanned proposal, where the dates and the zero hours are
# clear and unambiguous...This is the article about final approval:
-# <a href="http://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nota.asp?nota_id=973996">
# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nota.asp?nota_id=973996
-# </a>
#
# From Paul Eggert (2007-12-22):
# For dates after mid-2008, the following rules are my guesses and
# As per message from Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz (Nicaragua),
# Argentina will start DST on Sunday October 19, 2008.
#
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina03.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina03.html
-# </a>
-# OR
-# <a href="http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=57832 (in spanish)">
# http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=57832 (in spanish)
-# </a>
# From Rodrigo Severo (2008-10-06):
# Here is some info available at a Gentoo bug related to TZ on Argentina's DST:
# Hi, there is a problem with timezone-data-2008e and maybe with
# timezone-data-2008f
# Argentinian law [Number] 25.155 is no longer valid.
-# <a href="http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/60000-64999/60036/norma.htm">
# http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/60000-64999/60036/norma.htm
-# </a>
# The new one is law [Number] 26.350
-# <a href="http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/135000-139999/136191/norma.htm">
# http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/135000-139999/136191/norma.htm
-# </a>
# So there is no summer time in Argentina for now.
# From Mariano Absatz (2008-10-20):
-# Decree 1693/2008 applies Law 26.350 for the summer 2008/2009 establishing DST in Argentina
-# From 2008-10-19 until 2009-03-15
-# <a href="http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=16102008&pi=3&pf=4&s=0&sec=01">
+# Decree 1693/2008 applies Law 26.350 for the summer 2008/2009 establishing DST
+# in Argentina from 2008-10-19 until 2009-03-15.
# http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=16102008&pi=3&pf=4&s=0&sec=01
-# </a>
#
-# Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer 2008/2009:
-# Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La Pampa, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz
-# and Tierra del Fuego
-# <a href="http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=17102008&pi=1&pf=1&s=0&sec=01">
+
+# Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer
+# 2008/2009: Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La
+# Pampa, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego
# http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=17102008&pi=1&pf=1&s=0&sec=01
-# </a>
#
-# Press release 235 dated Saturday October 18th, from the Government of the Province of Jujuy saying
-# it will not apply DST either (even when it was not included in Decree 1705/2008)
-# <a href="http://www.jujuy.gov.ar/index2/partes_prensa/18_10_08/235-181008.doc">
+# Press release 235 dated Saturday October 18th, from the Government of the
+# Province of Jujuy saying it will not apply DST either (even when it was not
+# included in Decree 1705/2008).
# http://www.jujuy.gov.ar/index2/partes_prensa/18_10_08/235-181008.doc
-# </a>
# From fullinet (2009-10-18):
# As announced in
-# <a hef="http://www.argentina.gob.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=356">
# http://www.argentina.gob.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=356
-# </a>
-# (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora" (english: "No hour change")
+# (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora"
+# (English: "No hour change").
#
-# "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvio no modificar la hora
-# oficial, decision que estaba en estudio para su implementacion el
-# domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificacion se anuncio
-# que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorologicas, no necesita
-# la modificacion del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
-# crecimiento en la produccion y distribucion energetica."
+# "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvió no modificar la hora
+# oficial, decisión que estaba en estudio para su implementación el
+# domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificación se anunció
+# que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorológicas, no necesita
+# la modificación del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
+# crecimiento en la producción y distribución energética."
Rule Arg 2007 only - Dec 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 2008 2009 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
# It's Law No. 7,210. This change is due to a public power emergency, so for
# now we'll assume it's for this year only.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# <a href="http://www.spicasc.net/horvera.html">
-# Hora de verano para la Republica Argentina (2003-06-08)
-# </a> says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-09):
+# Hora de verano para la República Argentina
+# http://buenasiembra.com.ar/esoterismo/astrologia/hora-de-verano-de-la-republica-argentina-27.html
+# says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
# to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25. Go with this more-precise value
# over Shanks & Pottenger.
#
# time in October 17th.
#
# Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz,
-# Tierra del Fuego, Tucuman.
+# Tierra del Fuego, Tucumán.
#
# From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14):
-# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucuman decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
+# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucumán decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
# yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's
# annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained....
#
# Here are articles that Argentina Province San Luis is planning to end DST
# as earlier as upcoming Monday January 21, 2008 or February 2008:
#
-# Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del pais
+# Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del país
# (Argentine Province delayed clock and mark difference with the rest of the
# country)
-# <a href="http://cl.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200801171849_EFE_ET4373&idtel">
# http://cl.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200801171849_EFE_ET4373&idtel
-# </a>
#
# Es inminente que en San Luis atrasen una hora los relojes
# (It is imminent in San Luis clocks one hour delay)
-# <a href="http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/vernotae.asp?id_nota=253414">
-# http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/vernotae.asp?id_nota=253414
-# </a>
-#
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_argentina02.html">
+# http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/nota/253414/Economia/Es-inminente-que-en-San-Luis-atrasen-una-hora-los-relojes.html
# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_argentina02.html
-# </a>
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
# The page of the San Luis provincial government
-# <a href="http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=0&id=22812">
# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=0&id=22812
-# </a>
# confirms what Alex Krivenyshev has earlier sent to the tz
# emailing list about that San Luis plans to return to standard
# time much earlier than the rest of the country. It also
# confirms that upon request the provinces San Juan and Mendoza
# refused to follow San Luis in this change.
#
-# The change is supposed to take place Monday the 21.st at 0:00
+# The change is supposed to take place Monday the 21st at 0:00
# hours. As far as I understand it if this goes ahead, we need
# a new timezone for San Luis (although there are also documented
# independent changes in the southamerica file of San Luis in
# 1990 and 1991 which has not been confirmed).
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
# Unfortunately the below page has become defunct, about the San Luis
# time change. Perhaps because it now is part of a group of pages "Most
# important pages of 2008."
#
# You can use
-# <a href="http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=8141&id=22834">
# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=8141&id=22834
-# </a>
# instead it seems. Or use "Buscador" from the main page of the San Luis
# government, and fill in "huso" and click OK, and you will get 3 pages
# from which the first one is identical to the above.
# back in 2004, when these provinces changed to UTC-4 for a few days, I
# mailed them personally and never got an answer).
-# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
-# Unless otherwise specified, data are from Shanks & Pottenger through 1992,
-# from the IATA otherwise. As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
+# Unless otherwise specified, data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger through
+# 1992, from the IATA otherwise. As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that
# America/Cordoba split into 6 subregions during 1991/1992, one of which
# was America/San_Luis, but we haven't verified this yet so for now we'll
# keep America/Cordoba a single region rather than splitting it into the
# to utc-04:00 until the second Saturday in October...
#
# The press release is at
-# <a href="http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/SL/Paginas/NoticiaDetalle.asp?TemaId=1&InfoPrensaId=3102">
# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/SL/Paginas/NoticiaDetalle.asp?TemaId=1&InfoPrensaId=3102
-# </a>
-# (I couldn't find the decree, but
-# <a href="http://www.sanluis.gov.ar">
-# www.sanluis.gov.ar
-# <a/>
-# is the official page for the Province Government).
+# (I couldn't find the decree, but www.sanluis.gov.ar
+# is the official page for the Province Government.)
#
# There's also a note in only one of the major national papers ...
# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1107912
# ...the Province of San Luis is a case in itself.
#
# The Law at
-# <a href="http://www.diputadossanluis.gov.ar/diputadosasp/paginas/verNorma.asp?NormaID=276>"
# http://www.diputadossanluis.gov.ar/diputadosasp/paginas/verNorma.asp?NormaID=276
-# </a>
# is ambiguous because establishes a calendar from the 2nd Sunday in
# October at 0:00 thru the 2nd Saturday in March at 24:00 and the
# complement of that starting on the 2nd Sunday of March at 0:00 and
# ...
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-09):
-# According to news reports from El Diario de la Republica Province San
+# According to news reports from El Diario de la República Province San
# Luis, Argentina (standard time UTC-04) will keep Daylight Saving Time
-# after April 11, 2010--will continue to have same time as rest of
+# after April 11, 2010 - will continue to have same time as rest of
# Argentina (UTC-3) (no DST).
#
-# Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
-# <a href="http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9">
+# Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
# http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9
-# </a>
# or (some English translation):
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina08.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina08.html
-# </a>
# From Mariano Absatz (2010-04-12):
# yes...I can confirm this...and given that San Luis keeps calling
# Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at UTC-4
# with perpetual summer time, but ordinary usage typically seems to
# just say it's at UTC-3; see, for example,
-# <http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_oficial_argentina>.
+# http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_oficial_argentina
# We've documented similar situations as being plain changes to
# standard time, so let's do that here too. This does not change UTC
# offsets, only tm_isdst and the time zone abbreviations. One minor
# setting for time stamps past 2038.
# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
-# Milne says Cordoba time was -4:16:48.2. Round to the nearest second.
+# Milne says Córdoba time was -4:16:48.2. Round to the nearest second.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#
# Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
-Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
+Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Córdoba Mean Time
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
-3:00 Arg AR%sT
#
-# Cordoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
+# Córdoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
# Chaco (CC), Formosa (FM), Santiago del Estero (SE)
#
# Shanks & Pottenger also make the following claims, which we haven't verified:
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
-3:00 Arg AR%sT
#
-# Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
+# Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 2008 Oct 18
-3:00 - ART
#
-# Tucuman (TM)
+# Tucumán (TM)
Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
-3:00 - ART
#
# Santa Cruz (SC)
-Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
+Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Córdoba Mean Time
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 2008 Oct 18
-3:00 - ART
#
-# Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (TF)
-Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
+# Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF)
+Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Córdoba Mean Time
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
# From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
# _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
-# Santa Catarina (SC), Parana (PR), Sao Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
-# Espirito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goias (GO),
+# Santa Catarina (SC), Paraná (PR), São Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
+# Espírito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goiás (GO),
# Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
# [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
# From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
-# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goias until 1989), and other
+# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goiás until 1989), and other
# sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
# always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
# The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91. Each issue from then until
# However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
# Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil. For each
# airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM. From that
-# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapa (AP), Ceara (CE),
-# Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do
-# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
+# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapá (AP), Ceará (CE),
+# Maranhão (MA), Paraíba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piauí (PI), and Rio Grande do
+# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Pará (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
# From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
-# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html">
-# Brazilian official page
-# </a>
+# Brazilian official page <http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html>
-# From Jesper Norgaard (2000-11-03):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard (2000-11-03):
# [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm
# From Paul Schulze (2008-06-24):
# ...by law number 11.662 of April 24, 2008 (published in the "Diario
-# Oficial da Uniao"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
+# Oficial da União"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
# effective today (00:00am at June 24, 2008) as follows:
#
-# a) The timezone UTC+5 is e[x]tinguished, with all the Acre state and the
+# a) The timezone UTC+5 is extinguished, with all the Acre state and the
# part of the Amazonas state that had this timezone now being put to the
# timezone UTC+4
-# b) The whole Para state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
+# b) The whole Pará state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
# part of it, as was before.
#
# This change follows a proposal of senator Tiao Viana of Acre state, that
# From Rodrigo Severo (2008-06-24):
# Just correcting the URL:
-# <a href="https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=do&secao=1&pagina=1&data=25/04/2008">
# https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=do&secao=1&pagina=1&data=25/04/2008
-# </a>
#
# As a result of the above Decree I believe the America/Rio_Branco
# timezone shall be modified from UTC-5 to UTC-4 and a new timezone shall
-# be created to represent the...west side of the Para State. I
+# be created to represent the...west side of the Pará State. I
# suggest this new timezone be called Santarem as the most
# important/populated city in the affected area.
#
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-24):
# This is a quick reference page for New and Old Brazil Time Zones map.
-# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/brazil-time-new-old.php">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/brazil-time-new-old.php
-# </a>
#
-# - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones-eliminating time zone UTC- 05
-# (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT- 04) - western
-# part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC- 03 (from UTC -04).
+# - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones - eliminating time zone UTC-05
+# (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT-04) - western
+# part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC-03 (from UTC-04).
# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
# The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
-# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html">
-# Decretos sobre o Horario de Verao no Brasil
-# </a>.
+# Decretos sobre o Horário de Verão no Brasil.
+# http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-29):
# As announced by the government and many newspapers in Brazil late
# It has not yet been posted to http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
#
# An official page about it:
-# <a href="http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do?newsId=16722">
# http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do?newsId=16722
-# </a>
# Note that this link does not always work directly, but must be accessed
# by going to
-# <a href="http://www.mme.gov.br/first">
# http://www.mme.gov.br/first
-# </a>
#
# One example link that works directly:
-# <a href="http://jornale.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13530&Itemid=54">
# http://jornale.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13530&Itemid=54
# (Portuguese)
-# </a>
#
# We have a written a short article about it as well:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html
-# </a>
#
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-04):
# State Bahia will return to Daylight savings time this year after 8 years off.
# television station in Salvador.
# In Portuguese:
-# <a href="http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2011/10/governador-jaques-wagner-confirma-horario-de-verao-na-bahia.html">
# http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2011/10/governador-jaques-wagner-confirma-horario-de-verao-na-bahia.html
-# </a> and
-# <a href="http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI5390887-EI8139,00-Bahia+volta+a+ter+horario+de+verao+apos+oito+anos.html">
# http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI5390887-EI8139,00-Bahia+volta+a+ter+horario+de+verao+apos+oito+anos.html
-# </a>
# From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-07):
# There is news in the media, however there is still no decree about it.
-# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at
-# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/">http://pcdsh01.on.br/</a> the
+# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
# official agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is
# still in force.
#
# DECRETO No- 7.584, DE 13 DE OUTUBRO DE 2011
# Link :
-# <a href="http://www.in.gov.br/visualiza/index.jsp?data=13/10/2011&jornal=1000&pagina=6&totalArquivos=6">
# http://www.in.gov.br/visualiza/index.jsp?data=13/10/2011&jornal=1000&pagina=6&totalArquivos=6
-# </a>
# From Kelley Cook (2012-10-16):
# The governor of state of Bahia in Brazil announced on Thursday that
# For now, assume western Amazonas will change as well.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm">20,466</a> (1931-10-01)
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm">21,896</a> (1932-01-10)
+# Decree 20,466 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm> (1931-10-01)
+# Decree 21,896 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm> (1932-01-10)
Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1932 1933 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Brazil 1932 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 S
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm">23,195</a> (1933-10-10)
+# Decree 23,195 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm> (1933-10-10)
# revoked DST.
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm">27,496</a> (1949-11-24)
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm">27,998</a> (1950-04-13)
+# Decree 27,496 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm> (1949-11-24)
+# Decree 27,998 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm> (1950-04-13)
Rule Brazil 1949 1952 - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1950 only - Apr 16 1:00 0 -
Rule Brazil 1951 1952 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm">32,308</a> (1953-02-24)
+# Decree 32,308 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm> (1953-02-24)
Rule Brazil 1953 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm">34,724</a> (1953-11-30)
+# Decree 34,724 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm> (1953-11-30)
# revoked DST.
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm">52,700</a> (1963-10-18)
+# Decree 52,700 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm> (1963-10-18)
# established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
# in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm">53,071</a> (1963-12-03)
+# Decree 53,071 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm> (1963-12-03)
# extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
Rule Brazil 1963 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 S
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm">53,604</a> (1964-02-25)
+# Decree 53,604 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm> (1964-02-25)
# extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
Rule Brazil 1964 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm">55,639</a> (1965-01-27)
+# Decree 55,639 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm> (1965-01-27)
Rule Brazil 1965 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1965 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 -
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm">57,303</a> (1965-11-22)
+# Decree 57,303 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm> (1965-11-22)
Rule Brazil 1965 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm">57,843</a> (1966-02-18)
+# Decree 57,843 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm> (1966-02-18)
Rule Brazil 1966 1968 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Brazil 1966 1967 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm">63,429</a> (1968-10-15)
+# Decree 63,429 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm> (1968-10-15)
# revoked DST.
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm">91,698</a> (1985-09-27)
+# Decree 91,698 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm> (1985-09-27)
Rule Brazil 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
# Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
# Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
Rule Brazil 1986 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1987 only - Feb 14 0:00 0 -
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm">94,922</a> (1987-09-22)
+# Decree 94,922 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm> (1987-09-22)
Rule Brazil 1987 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 -
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm">96,676</a> (1988-09-12)
+# Decree 96,676 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm> (1988-09-12)
# except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
Rule Brazil 1988 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1989 only - Jan 29 0:00 0 -
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm">98,077</a> (1989-08-21)
+# Decree 98,077 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm> (1989-08-21)
# with the same exceptions
Rule Brazil 1989 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1990 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm">99,530</a> (1990-09-17)
+# Decree 99,530 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm> (1990-09-17)
# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
# Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
Rule Brazil 1990 only - Oct 21 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1991 only - Feb 17 0:00 0 -
-# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1991-09-25)
+# Unnumbered decree <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm> (1991-09-25)
# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
Rule Brazil 1991 only - Oct 20 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1992 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 -
-# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1992-10-16)
+# Unnumbered decree <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm> (1992-10-16)
# adopted by same states.
Rule Brazil 1992 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 -
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm">942</a> (1993-09-28)
+# Decree 942 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm> (1993-09-28)
# adopted by same states, plus AM.
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm">1,252</a> (1994-09-22;
+# Decree 1,252 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm> (1994-09-22;
# web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM.
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1636.htm">1,636</a> (1995-09-14)
+# Decree 1,636 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1636.htm> (1995-09-14)
# adopted by same states, plus MT and TO.
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm">1,674</a> (1995-10-13)
+# Decree 1,674 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm> (1995-10-13)
# adds AL, SE.
Rule Brazil 1993 1995 - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
Rule Brazil 1996 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm">2,000</a> (1996-09-04)
+# Decree 2,000 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm> (1996-09-04)
# adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
Rule Brazil 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1997 only - Feb 16 0:00 0 -
#
# Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
Rule Brazil 1997 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG">2,495</a>
+# Decree 2,495 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG>
# (1998-02-10)
Rule Brazil 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg">2,780</a> (1998-09-11)
+# Decree 2,780 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg> (1998-09-11)
# adopted by the same states as before.
Rule Brazil 1998 only - Oct 11 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1999 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 -
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3150.gif">3,150</a>
+# Decree 3,150 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3150.gif>
# (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV99.gif">3,188</a> (1999-09-30)
+# Decree 3,188 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV99.gif> (1999-09-30)
# adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
Rule Brazil 1999 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 2000 only - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DEC3592.htm">3,592</a> (2000-09-06)
+# Decree 3,592 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DEC3592.htm> (2000-09-06)
# adopted by the same states as before.
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3630.jpg">3,630</a> (2000-10-13)
+# Decree 3,630 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3630.jpg> (2000-10-13)
# repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3632.jpg">3,632</a> (2000-10-17)
+# Decree 3,632 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3632.jpg> (2000-10-17)
# repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3916.gif">3,916</a>
+# Decree 3,916 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3916.gif>
# (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
Rule Brazil 2000 2001 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 2001 2006 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
# Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
-# <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2002/D4399.htm">4,399</a>
+# 4,399 <http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2002/D4399.htm>
Rule Brazil 2002 only - Nov 3 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
-# <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2003/D4844.htm">4,844</a>
+# 4,844 <http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2003/D4844.htm>
Rule Brazil 2003 only - Oct 19 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT.
-# <a href="http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2004-2006/2004/Decreto/D5223.htm">5,223</a>
+# 5,223 <http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2004-2006/2004/Decreto/D5223.htm>
Rule Brazil 2004 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5539.gif">5,539</a> (2005-09-19),
+# Decree 5,539 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5539.gif> (2005-09-19),
# adopted by the same states as before.
Rule Brazil 2005 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 S
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5920.gif">5,920</a> (2006-10-03),
+# Decree 5,920 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5920.gif> (2006-10-03),
# adopted by the same states as before.
Rule Brazil 2006 only - Nov 5 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 2007 only - Feb 25 0:00 0 -
-# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV6212.gif">6,212</a> (2007-09-26),
+# Decree 6,212 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV6212.gif> (2007-09-26),
# adopted by the same states as before.
Rule Brazil 2007 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
# From Frederico A. C. Neves (2008-09-10):
# According to this decree
-# <a href="http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6558.htm">
# http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6558.htm
-# </a>
# [t]he DST period in Brazil now on will be from the 3rd Oct Sunday to the
# 3rd Feb Sunday. There is an exception on the return date when this is
# the Carnival Sunday then the return date will be the next Sunday...
-2:00 Brazil FN%sT 2002 Oct 1
-2:00 - FNT
# Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
-# These include Trindade and Martin Vaz (administratively part of ES),
-# Atol das Rocas (RN), and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo (PE).
+# These include Trindade and Martim Vaz (administratively part of ES),
+# Rocas Atoll (RN), and the St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (PE).
# Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01;
# it also included the Penedos.
#
-# Amapa (AP), east Para (PA)
-# East Para includes Belem, Maraba, Serra Norte, and Sao Felix do Xingu.
-# The division between east and west Para is the river Xingu.
+# Amapá (AP), east Pará (PA)
+# East Pará includes Belém, Marabá, Serra Norte, and São Félix do Xingu.
+# The division between east and west Pará is the river Xingu.
# In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
-# the border with Amapa) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
+# the border with Amapá) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
Zone America/Belem -3:13:56 - LMT 1914
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1988 Sep 12
-3:00 - BRT
#
-# west Para (PA)
-# West Para includes Altamira, Oribidos, Prainha, Oriximina, and Santarem.
+# west Pará (PA)
+# West Pará includes Altamira, Óbidos, Prainha, Oriximiná, and Santarém.
Zone America/Santarem -3:38:48 - LMT 1914
-4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
- -4:00 - AMT 2008 Jun 24 00:00
+ -4:00 - AMT 2008 Jun 24 0:00
-3:00 - BRT
#
-# Maranhao (MA), Piaui (PI), Ceara (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
-# Paraiba (PB)
+# Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
+# Paraíba (PB)
Zone America/Fortaleza -2:34:00 - LMT 1914
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
-3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2012 Oct 21
-3:00 - BRT
#
-# Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
-# Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR),
+# Goiás (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
+# Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR),
# Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
Zone America/Sao_Paulo -3:06:28 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1963 Oct 23 00:00
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1963 Oct 23 0:00
-3:00 1:00 BRST 1964
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT
#
-4:00 - AMT 2004 Oct 1
-4:00 Brazil AM%sT
#
-# Rondonia (RO)
+# Rondônia (RO)
Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 - LMT 1914
-4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
-4:00 - AMT
-4:00 Brazil AM%sT 2000 Oct 15
-4:00 - AMT
#
-# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutai, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
+# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutaí, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
# The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
# east from west Amazonas.
Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914
-4:00 - AMT
#
# west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
-# Eirunepe, Envira, Ipixuna
+# Eirunepé, Envira, Ipixuna
Zone America/Eirunepe -4:39:28 - LMT 1914
-5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12
-5:00 - ACT 1993 Sep 28
-5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1994 Sep 22
- -5:00 - ACT 2008 Jun 24 00:00
+ -5:00 - ACT 2008 Jun 24 0:00
-4:00 - AMT 2013 Nov 10
-5:00 - ACT
#
# Acre (AC)
Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
-5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12
- -5:00 - ACT 2008 Jun 24 00:00
+ -5:00 - ACT 2008 Jun 24 0:00
-4:00 - AMT 2013 Nov 10
-5:00 - ACT
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08):
# http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-08):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-08):
# I think that there are some obvious mistakes in the suggested link
# from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66 says that GMT-4
# ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at 1990-09-15
# (they should have been 1990-09-15 and 1990-09-16 respectively), but
# anyhow it clears up some doubts too.
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-27):
-# The following data for Chile and America/Santiago are from
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
+# The following data entries for Chile and America/Santiago are from
# <http://www.horaoficial.cl/horaof.htm> (2006-09-20), transcribed by
-# Jesper Norgaard Welen. The data for Pacific/Easter are from Shanks
+# Jesper Nørgaard Welen. The data entries for Pacific/Easter are from Shanks
# & Pottenger, except with DST transitions after 1932 cloned from
-# America/Santiago. The pre-1980 Pacific/Easter data are dubious,
+# America/Santiago. The pre-1980 Pacific/Easter data entries are dubious,
# but we have no other source.
-# From German Poo-Caaman~o (2008-03-03):
+# From Germán Poo-Caamaño (2008-03-03):
# Due to drought, Chile extends Daylight Time in three weeks. This
# is one-time change (Saturday 3/29 at 24:00 for America/Santiago
# and Saturday 3/29 at 22:00 for Pacific/Easter)
# The Supreme Decree is located at
-# <a href="http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf">
# http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf
-# </a>
# and the instructions for 2008 are located in:
-# <a href="http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm">
# http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
-# </a>.
-# From Jose Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
+# From José Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
# ...
# You could see the announces of the change on
-# <a href="http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm">
# http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm
-# </a>.
# From Angel Chiang (2010-03-04):
# Subject: DST in Chile exceptionally extended to 3 April due to earthquake
-# <a href="http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewNoticia.aspx?idArticulo=30098">
# http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewNoticia.aspx?idArticulo=30098
-# </a>
# (in Spanish, last paragraph).
#
# This is breaking news. There should be more information available later.
-# From Arthur Daivd Olson (2010-03-06):
+# From Arthur David Olson (2010-03-06):
# Angel Chiang's message confirmed by Julio Pacheco; Julio provided a patch.
-# From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-02): [geychaner@mac.com]
+# From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-02):
# It appears that the Chilean government has decided to postpone the
# change from summer time to winter time again, by three weeks to April
# 2nd:
-# <a href="http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=467651">
# http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=467651
-# </a>
#
# This is not yet reflected in the official "cambio de hora" site, but
# probably will be soon:
-# <a href="http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm">
# http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
-# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2011-03-02):
# The emol.com article mentions a water shortage as the cause of the
# From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-28):
# The article:
-# <a href="http://diario.elmercurio.com/2011/03/28/_portada/_portada/noticias/7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E.htm?id=3D{7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E}">
# http://diario.elmercurio.com/2011/03/28/_portada/_portada/noticias/7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E.htm?id=3D{7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E}
-# </a>
#
# In English:
# Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
# start date is 2013-09-08 00:00....
# http://www.gob.cl/informa/2013/02/15/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de-hora-para-el-ano-2013.htm
-# From Jose Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19):
+# From José Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19):
# Today appeared in the Diario Oficial a decree amending the time change
# dates to 2014.
# DST End: last Saturday of April 2014 (Sun 27 Apr 2014 03:00 UTC)
# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Santiago -4:42:46 - LMT 1890
- -4:42:46 - SMT 1910 # Santiago Mean Time
+ -4:42:46 - SMT 1910 # Santiago Mean Time
-5:00 - CLT 1916 Jul 1 # Chile Time
-4:42:46 - SMT 1918 Sep 1 # Santiago Mean Time
-4:00 - CLT 1919 Jul 1 # Chile Time
-4:00 Chile CL%sT
Zone Pacific/Easter -7:17:44 - LMT 1890
-7:17:28 - EMT 1932 Sep # Easter Mean Time
- -7:00 Chile EAS%sT 1982 Mar 13 21:00 # Easter I Time
+ -7:00 Chile EAS%sT 1982 Mar 13 21:00 # Easter Time
-6:00 Chile EAS%sT
#
-# Sala y Gomez Island is like Pacific/Easter.
-# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernandez Is, San Ambrosio,
-# San Felix, and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
+# Salas y Gómez Island is uninhabited.
+# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is,
+# and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
# Colombia
-# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogota time in 1899; round to nearest. He writes,
+# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899; round to nearest. He writes,
# "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare."
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule CO 1993 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Bogota -4:56:16 - LMT 1884 Mar 13
- -4:56:16 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
+ -4:56:16 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
-5:00 CO CO%sT # Colombia Time
# Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
# no information; probably like America/Bogota
-# Curacao
+# Curaçao
-# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curacao mean time; round to nearest.
+# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
# -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
# Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
# 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say
-# Saba Island has been like Curacao.
+# Saba Island has been like Curaçao.
# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
#
-# By July 2007 Curacao and St Maarten are planned to become
+# By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become
# associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
# Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
# Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones
# though, as far as we know.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
+Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
-4:30 - ANT 1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
-4:00 - AST
# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
# use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
-# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen charaters
+# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen characters
# and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes # Sint Maarten
# Ecuador
#
-# Milne says the Sentral and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
+# Milne says the Central and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-04):
# Apparently Ecuador had a failed experiment with DST in 1992.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Guayaquil -5:19:20 - LMT 1890
-5:14:00 - QMT 1931 # Quito Mean Time
- -5:00 - ECT # Ecuador Time
+ -5:00 - ECT # Ecuador Time
Zone Pacific/Galapagos -5:58:24 - LMT 1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
-5:00 - ECT 1986
- -6:00 - GALT # Galapagos Time
+ -6:00 - GALT # Galápagos Time
# Falklands
# the IATA gives 1996-09-08. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
-# via Jesper Norgaard:
+# via Jesper Nørgaard:
# ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
# April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
# September. It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
# daylight saving time.
#
# One source:
-# <a href="http://www.falklandnews.com/public/story.cfm?get=5914&source=3">
# http://www.falklandnews.com/public/story.cfm?get=5914&source=3
-# </a>
#
# We have gotten this confirmed by a clerk of the legislative assembly:
# Normally the clocks revert to Local Mean Time (UTC/GMT -4 hours) on the
Rule Falk 2001 2010 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Stanley -3:51:24 - LMT 1890
- -3:51:24 - SMT 1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
- -4:00 Falk FK%sT 1983 May # Falkland Is Time
+ -3:51:24 - SMT 1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
+ -4:00 Falk FK%sT 1983 May # Falkland Is Time
-3:00 Falk FK%sT 1985 Sep 15
- -4:00 Falk FK%sT 2010 Sep 5 02:00
+ -4:00 Falk FK%sT 2010 Sep 5 2:00
-3:00 - FKST
# French Guiana
# Guyana
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Guyana -3:52:40 - LMT 1915 Mar # Georgetown
+Zone America/Guyana -3:52:40 - LMT 1915 Mar # Georgetown
-3:45 - GBGT 1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
-3:45 - GYT 1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
-3:00 - GYT 1991
# Paraguay
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are from 01:00 -> 02:00,
-# and autumn transitions are from 00:00 -> 23:00. Go with pre-1999
+# Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are 01:00 -> 02:00,
+# and autumn transitions are 00:00 -> 23:00. Go with pre-1999
# editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
#
# From Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo (2013-09-20):
# (10-01).
#
# Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
-# <a href="http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm">
-# Noticias, a daily paper in Asuncion, Paraguay (2000-10-01)
-# </a>:
+# Noticias, a daily paper in Asunción, Paraguay (2000-10-01):
+# http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm
# Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
# fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power.... The time change
# system has been operating for several years. Formerly there was a separate
Rule Para 2002 2004 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Para 2002 2003 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
#
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
# There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
# a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
# Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05)
-# From Carlos Raul Perasso via Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
-# <http://www.presidencia.gov.py/decretos/D1867.pdf>
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso via Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
+# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/decretos/D1867.pdf
Rule Para 2004 2009 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Para 2005 2009 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00 0 -
-# From Carlos Raul Perasso (2010-02-18):
-# By decree number 3958 issued yesterday (
-# <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf">
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2010-02-18):
+# By decree number 3958 issued yesterday
# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf
-# </a>
-# )
# Paraguay changes its DST schedule, postponing the March rule to April and
# modifying the October date. The decree reads:
# ...
# Paraguay will end DST on 2013-03-24 00:00....
# http://www.ande.gov.py/interna.php?id=1075
#
-# From Carlos Raul Perasso (2013-03-15):
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2013-03-15):
# The change in Paraguay is now final. Decree number 10780
# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/uploads/pdf/presidencia-3b86ff4b691c79d4f5927ca964922ec74772ce857c02ca054a52a37b49afc7fb.pdf
-# From Carlos Raul Perasso (2014-02-28):
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2014-02-28):
# Decree 1264 can be found at:
# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/archivos/documentos/DECRETO1264_ey9r8zai.pdf
Rule Para 2013 max - Mar Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890
- -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
- -4:00 - PYT 1972 Oct # Paraguay Time
+ -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asunción Mean Time
+ -4:00 - PYT 1972 Oct # Paraguay Time
-3:00 - PYT 1974 Apr
-4:00 Para PY%sT
# Peru
#
-# <a href="news:xrGmb.39935$gA1.13896113@news4.srv.hcvlny.cv.net">
-# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26):</a>
+# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26)
+# <news:xrGmb.39935$gA1.13896113@news4.srv.hcvlny.cv.net>:
# When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over
# sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon.
#
# South Georgia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 - LMT 1890 # Grytviken
+Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 - LMT 1890 # Grytviken
-2:00 - GST # South Georgia Time
# South Sandwich Is
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Paramaribo -3:40:40 - LMT 1911
-3:40:52 - PMT 1935 # Paramaribo Mean Time
- -3:40:36 - PMT 1945 Oct # The capital moved?
+ -3:40:36 - PMT 1945 Oct # The capital moved?
-3:30 - NEGT 1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
- -3:30 - SRT 1984 Oct # Suriname Time
+ -3:30 - SRT 1984 Oct # Suriname Time
-3:00 - SRT
# Trinidad and Tobago
Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe
Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot # St Martin (French part)
Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Montserrat
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy # St Barthélemy
Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts # St Kitts & Nevis
Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia
Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas # Virgin Islands (US)
Rule Uruguay 1992 only - Oct 18 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 1993 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 -
# From Eduardo Cota (2004-09-20):
-# The uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
+# The Uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/decretos/2004091502.htm
Rule Uruguay 2004 only - Sep 19 0:00 1:00 S
# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-03-11):
# 02:00 local time, official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2.
Rule Uruguay 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 2006 only - Mar 12 2:00 0 -
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_web/decretos/2006/09/CM%20210_08%2006%202006_00001.PDF
Rule Uruguay 2006 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 - LMT 1898 Jun 28
- -3:44:44 - MMT 1920 May 1 # Montevideo MT
- -3:30 Uruguay UY%sT 1942 Dec 14 # Uruguay Time
+ -3:44:44 - MMT 1920 May 1 # Montevideo MT
+ -3:30 Uruguay UY%sT 1942 Dec 14 # Uruguay Time
-3:00 Uruguay UY%sT
# Venezuela
# From John Stainforth (2007-11-28):
# ... the change for Venezuela originally expected for 2007-12-31 has
# been brought forward to 2007-12-09. The official announcement was
-# published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la Republica Bolivariana
-# de Venezuela, numero 38.819" (official document for all laws or
+# published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la República Bolivariana
+# de Venezuela, número 38.819" (official document for all laws or
# resolution publication)
# http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=72208
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Caracas -4:27:44 - LMT 1890
-4:27:40 - CMT 1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
- -4:30 - VET 1965 # Venezuela Time
- -4:00 - VET 2007 Dec 9 03:00
+ -4:30 - VET 1965 # Venezuela Time
+ -4:00 - VET 2007 Dec 9 3:00
-4:30 - VET
-# <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
case $#-$1 in
2-|2-0*|2-*[!0-9]*)
- echo "$0: wild year - $1" >&2
+ echo "$0: wild year: $1" >&2
exit 1 ;;
esac
*) exit 1 ;;
esac ;;
2-*)
- echo "$0: wild type - $2" >&2 ;;
+ echo "$0: wild type: $2" >&2 ;;
esac
echo "$0: usage is $0 year even|odd|uspres|nonpres|nonuspres" >&2
-# TZ zone descriptions
+# tz zone descriptions (deprecated version)
#
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-14):
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
+# This file is intended as a backward-compatibility aid for older programs.
+# New programs should use zone1970.tab. This file is like zone1970.tab (see
+# zone1970.tab's comments), but with the following additional restrictions:
#
-# This file contains a table where each row stands for an area that is
-# the intersection of a region identified by a country code and of a
-# zone where civil clocks have agreed since 1970. The columns of the
-# table are as follows:
+# 1. This file contains only ASCII characters.
+# 2. The first data column contains exactly one country code.
#
-# 1. ISO 3166 2-character country code. See the file 'iso3166.tab'.
-# 2. Latitude and longitude of the area's principal location
-# in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
-# either +-DDMM+-DDDMM or +-DDMMSS+-DDDMMSS,
-# first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
-# 3. Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
-# Please see the 'Theory' file for how zone names are chosen.
-# If multiple zones overlap a country, each has a row in the
-# table, with column 1 being duplicated.
-# 4. Comments; present if and only if the country has multiple rows.
-#
-# Columns are separated by a single tab.
-# The table is sorted first by country, then an order within the country that
-# (1) makes some geographical sense, and
-# (2) puts the most populous areas first, where that does not contradict (1).
-#
-# Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
+# Because of (2), each row stands for an area that is the intersection
+# of a region identified by a country code and of a zone where civil
+# clocks have agreed since 1970; this is a narrower definition than
+# that of zone1970.tab.
#
# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
-# zone data appropriate for their practical needs. It is not intended
-# to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
+# zone data entries appropriate for their practical needs. It is not
+# intended to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
#
#country-
#code coordinates TZ comments
AQ -6835+07758 Antarctica/Davis Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok Station, Lake Vostok
-AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville Station, Terre Adelie
+AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville Station, Adelie Land
AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa Station, E Ongul I
AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll Station, Queen Maud Land
AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
CA +4823-08915 America/Thunder_Bay Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Eastern Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
-CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central Standard Time - Resolute, Nunavut
+CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central Time - Resolute, Nunavut
CA +484531-0913718 America/Atikokan Eastern Standard Time - Atikokan, Ontario and Southampton I, Nunavut
CA +624900-0920459 America/Rankin_Inlet Central Time - central Nunavut
CA +4953-09709 America/Winnipeg Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
CI +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan
CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga
CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago most locations
-CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island & Sala y Gomez
+CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island
CM +0403+00942 Africa/Douala
-CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai east China - Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, etc.
-CN +4545+12641 Asia/Harbin Heilongjiang (except Mohe), Jilin
-CN +2934+10635 Asia/Chongqing central China - Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Guizhou, etc.
-CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi most of Tibet & Xinjiang
-CN +3929+07559 Asia/Kashgar west Tibet & Xinjiang
+CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time
+CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time
CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota
CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica
CU +2308-08222 America/Havana
RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest
RS +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade
RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
-RU +5545+03735 Europe/Moscow Moscow+00 - west Russia
-RU +4844+04425 Europe/Volgograd Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
-RU +5312+05009 Europe/Samara Moscow+00 - Samara, Udmurtia
+RU +554521+0373704 Europe/Moscow Moscow+00 - west Russia
RU +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol Moscow+00 - Crimea
+RU +4844+04425 Europe/Volgograd Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
+RU +5312+05009 Europe/Samara Moscow+00 (Moscow+01 after 2014-10-26) - Samara, Udmurtia
RU +5651+06036 Asia/Yekaterinburg Moscow+02 - Urals
RU +5500+07324 Asia/Omsk Moscow+03 - west Siberia
RU +5502+08255 Asia/Novosibirsk Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
-RU +5345+08707 Asia/Novokuznetsk Moscow+03 - Novokuznetsk
+RU +5345+08707 Asia/Novokuznetsk Moscow+03 (Moscow+04 after 2014-10-26) - Kemerovo
RU +5601+09250 Asia/Krasnoyarsk Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
RU +5216+10420 Asia/Irkutsk Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
+RU +5203+11328 Asia/Chita Moscow+06 (Moscow+05 after 2014-10-26) - Zabaykalsky
RU +6200+12940 Asia/Yakutsk Moscow+06 - Lena River
RU +623923+1353314 Asia/Khandyga Moscow+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
RU +4310+13156 Asia/Vladivostok Moscow+07 - Amur River
RU +4658+14242 Asia/Sakhalin Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island
RU +643337+1431336 Asia/Ust-Nera Moscow+07 - Oymyakonsky
-RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan Moscow+08 - Magadan
-RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka Moscow+08 - Kamchatka
-RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr Moscow+08 - Bering Sea
+RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan Moscow+08 (Moscow+07 after 2014-10-26) - Magadan
+RU +6728+15343 Asia/Srednekolymsk Moscow+08 - E Sakha, N Kuril Is
+RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Kamchatka
+RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Bering Sea
RW -0157+03004 Africa/Kigali
SA +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh
SB -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal
US +433649-1161209 America/Boise Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
US +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix Mountain Standard Time - Arizona (except Navajo)
US +340308-1181434 America/Los_Angeles Pacific Time
+US +550737-1313435 America/Metlakatla Pacific Standard Time - Annette Island, Alaska
US +611305-1495401 America/Anchorage Alaska Time
US +581807-1342511 America/Juneau Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
US +571035-1351807 America/Sitka Alaska Time - southeast Alaska panhandle
US +593249-1394338 America/Yakutat Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
US +643004-1652423 America/Nome Alaska Time - west Alaska
US +515248-1763929 America/Adak Aleutian Islands
-US +550737-1313435 America/Metlakatla Metlakatla Time - Annette Island
US +211825-1575130 Pacific/Honolulu Hawaii
UY -3453-05611 America/Montevideo
UZ +3940+06648 Asia/Samarkand west Uzbekistan
--- /dev/null
+# tz zone descriptions
+#
+# This file is in the public domain.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
+# This file contains a table where each row stands for a zone where
+# civil time stamps have agreed since 1970. Columns are separated by
+# a single tab. Lines beginning with '#' are comments. All text uses
+# UTF-8 encoding. The columns of the table are as follows:
+#
+# 1. The countries that overlap the zone, as a comma-separated list
+# of ISO 3166 2-character country codes. See the file 'iso3166.tab'.
+# 2. Latitude and longitude of the zone's principal location
+# in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
+# either +-DDMM+-DDDMM or +-DDMMSS+-DDDMMSS,
+# first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
+# 3. Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
+# Please see the 'Theory' file for how zone names are chosen.
+# If multiple zones overlap a country, each has a row in the
+# table, with each column 1 containing the country code.
+# 4. Comments; present if and only if a country has multiple zones.
+#
+# If a zone covers multiple countries, the most-populous city is used,
+# and that country is listed first in column 1; any other countries
+# are listed alphabetically by country code. The table is sorted
+# first by country code, then (if possible) by an order within the
+# country that (1) makes some geographical sense, and (2) puts the
+# most populous zones first, where that does not contradict (1).
+#
+# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
+# zone data entries appropriate for their practical needs. It is not
+# intended to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
+#
+#country-
+#codes coordinates TZ comments
+AD +4230+00131 Europe/Andorra
+AE,OM +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai
+AF +3431+06912 Asia/Kabul
+AL +4120+01950 Europe/Tirane
+AM +4011+04430 Asia/Yerevan
+AQ -6734-06808 Antarctica/Rothera Rothera Station, Adelaide Island
+AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer Station, Anvers Island
+AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson Station, Holme Bay
+AQ -6835+07758 Antarctica/Davis Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
+AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
+AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok Station, Lake Vostok
+AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville Station, Adélie Land
+AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa Station, E Ongul I
+AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll Station, Queen Maud Land
+AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
+AR -3124-06411 America/Argentina/Cordoba most locations (CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
+AR -2447-06525 America/Argentina/Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
+AR -2411-06518 America/Argentina/Jujuy Jujuy (JY)
+AR -2649-06513 America/Argentina/Tucuman Tucumán (TM)
+AR -2828-06547 America/Argentina/Catamarca Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
+AR -2926-06651 America/Argentina/La_Rioja La Rioja (LR)
+AR -3132-06831 America/Argentina/San_Juan San Juan (SJ)
+AR -3253-06849 America/Argentina/Mendoza Mendoza (MZ)
+AR -3319-06621 America/Argentina/San_Luis San Luis (SL)
+AR -5138-06913 America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos Santa Cruz (SC)
+AR -5448-06818 America/Argentina/Ushuaia Tierra del Fuego (TF)
+AS,UM -1416-17042 Pacific/Pago_Pago Samoa, Midway
+AT +4813+01620 Europe/Vienna
+AU -3133+15905 Australia/Lord_Howe Lord Howe Island
+AU -5430+15857 Antarctica/Macquarie Macquarie Island
+AU -4253+14719 Australia/Hobart Tasmania - most locations
+AU -3956+14352 Australia/Currie Tasmania - King Island
+AU -3749+14458 Australia/Melbourne Victoria
+AU -3352+15113 Australia/Sydney New South Wales - most locations
+AU -3157+14127 Australia/Broken_Hill New South Wales - Yancowinna
+AU -2728+15302 Australia/Brisbane Queensland - most locations
+AU -2016+14900 Australia/Lindeman Queensland - Holiday Islands
+AU -3455+13835 Australia/Adelaide South Australia
+AU -1228+13050 Australia/Darwin Northern Territory
+AU -3157+11551 Australia/Perth Western Australia - most locations
+AU -3143+12852 Australia/Eucla Western Australia - Eucla area
+AZ +4023+04951 Asia/Baku
+BB +1306-05937 America/Barbados
+BD +2343+09025 Asia/Dhaka
+BE +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels
+BG +4241+02319 Europe/Sofia
+BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda
+BN +0456+11455 Asia/Brunei
+BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz
+BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands
+BR -0127-04829 America/Belem Amapá, E Pará
+BR -0343-03830 America/Fortaleza NE Brazil (MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
+BR -0803-03454 America/Recife Pernambuco
+BR -0712-04812 America/Araguaina Tocantins
+BR -0940-03543 America/Maceio Alagoas, Sergipe
+BR -1259-03831 America/Bahia Bahia
+BR -2332-04637 America/Sao_Paulo S & SE Brazil (GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
+BR -2027-05437 America/Campo_Grande Mato Grosso do Sul
+BR -1535-05605 America/Cuiaba Mato Grosso
+BR -0226-05452 America/Santarem W Pará
+BR -0846-06354 America/Porto_Velho Rondônia
+BR +0249-06040 America/Boa_Vista Roraima
+BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus E Amazonas
+BR -0640-06952 America/Eirunepe W Amazonas
+BR -0958-06748 America/Rio_Branco Acre
+BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau
+BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimphu
+BY +5354+02734 Europe/Minsk
+BZ +1730-08812 America/Belize
+CA +4734-05243 America/St_Johns Newfoundland Time, including SE Labrador
+CA +4439-06336 America/Halifax Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (most places), PEI
+CA +4612-05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia - places that did not observe DST 1966-1971
+CA +4606-06447 America/Moncton Atlantic Time - New Brunswick
+CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic Time - Labrador - most locations
+CA +5125-05707 America/Blanc-Sablon Atlantic Standard Time - Quebec - Lower North Shore
+CA +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations
+CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
+CA +4823-08915 America/Thunder_Bay Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
+CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
+CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Eastern Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
+CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central Time - Resolute, Nunavut
+CA +484531-0913718 America/Atikokan Eastern Standard Time - Atikokan, Ontario and Southampton I, Nunavut
+CA +624900-0920459 America/Rankin_Inlet Central Time - central Nunavut
+CA +4953-09709 America/Winnipeg Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
+CA +4843-09434 America/Rainy_River Central Time - Rainy River & Fort Frances, Ontario
+CA +5024-10439 America/Regina Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - most locations
+CA +5017-10750 America/Swift_Current Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - midwest
+CA +5333-11328 America/Edmonton Mountain Time - Alberta, east British Columbia & west Saskatchewan
+CA +690650-1050310 America/Cambridge_Bay Mountain Time - west Nunavut
+CA +6227-11421 America/Yellowknife Mountain Time - central Northwest Territories
+CA +682059-1334300 America/Inuvik Mountain Time - west Northwest Territories
+CA +4906-11631 America/Creston Mountain Standard Time - Creston, British Columbia
+CA +5946-12014 America/Dawson_Creek Mountain Standard Time - Dawson Creek & Fort Saint John, British Columbia
+CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific Time - west British Columbia
+CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse Pacific Time - south Yukon
+CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson Pacific Time - north Yukon
+CC -1210+09655 Indian/Cocos
+CH,DE,LI +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich Swiss time
+CI,BF,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,ST,TG +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan
+CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga
+CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago most locations
+CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island
+CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time
+CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time
+CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota
+CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica
+CU +2308-08222 America/Havana
+CV +1455-02331 Atlantic/Cape_Verde
+CW,AW,BQ,SX +1211-06900 America/Curacao
+CX -1025+10543 Indian/Christmas
+CY +3510+03322 Asia/Nicosia
+CZ,SK +5005+01426 Europe/Prague
+DE +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin Berlin time
+DK +5540+01235 Europe/Copenhagen
+DO +1828-06954 America/Santo_Domingo
+DZ +3647+00303 Africa/Algiers
+EC -0210-07950 America/Guayaquil mainland
+EC -0054-08936 Pacific/Galapagos Galápagos Islands
+EE +5925+02445 Europe/Tallinn
+EG +3003+03115 Africa/Cairo
+EH +2709-01312 Africa/El_Aaiun
+ES +4024-00341 Europe/Madrid mainland
+ES +3553-00519 Africa/Ceuta Ceuta & Melilla
+ES +2806-01524 Atlantic/Canary Canary Islands
+FI,AX +6010+02458 Europe/Helsinki
+FJ -1808+17825 Pacific/Fiji
+FK -5142-05751 Atlantic/Stanley
+FM +0725+15147 Pacific/Chuuk Chuuk (Truk) and Yap
+FM +0658+15813 Pacific/Pohnpei Pohnpei (Ponape)
+FM +0519+16259 Pacific/Kosrae Kosrae
+FO +6201-00646 Atlantic/Faroe
+FR +4852+00220 Europe/Paris
+GB,GG,IM,JE +513030-0000731 Europe/London
+GE +4143+04449 Asia/Tbilisi
+GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne
+GH +0533-00013 Africa/Accra
+GI +3608-00521 Europe/Gibraltar
+GL +6411-05144 America/Godthab most locations
+GL +7646-01840 America/Danmarkshavn east coast, north of Scoresbysund
+GL +7029-02158 America/Scoresbysund Scoresbysund / Ittoqqortoormiit
+GL +7634-06847 America/Thule Thule / Pituffik
+GR +3758+02343 Europe/Athens
+GS -5416-03632 Atlantic/South_Georgia
+GT +1438-09031 America/Guatemala
+GU,MP +1328+14445 Pacific/Guam
+GW +1151-01535 Africa/Bissau
+GY +0648-05810 America/Guyana
+HK +2217+11409 Asia/Hong_Kong
+HN +1406-08713 America/Tegucigalpa
+HT +1832-07220 America/Port-au-Prince
+HU +4730+01905 Europe/Budapest
+ID -0610+10648 Asia/Jakarta Java & Sumatra
+ID -0002+10920 Asia/Pontianak west & central Borneo
+ID -0507+11924 Asia/Makassar east & south Borneo, Sulawesi (Celebes), Bali, Nusa Tengarra, west Timor
+ID -0232+14042 Asia/Jayapura west New Guinea (Irian Jaya) & Malukus (Moluccas)
+IE +5320-00615 Europe/Dublin
+IL +314650+0351326 Asia/Jerusalem
+IN +2232+08822 Asia/Kolkata
+IO -0720+07225 Indian/Chagos
+IQ +3321+04425 Asia/Baghdad
+IR +3540+05126 Asia/Tehran
+IS +6409-02151 Atlantic/Reykjavik
+IT,SM,VA +4154+01229 Europe/Rome
+JM +175805-0764736 America/Jamaica
+JO +3157+03556 Asia/Amman
+JP +353916+1394441 Asia/Tokyo
+KE,DJ,ER,ET,KM,MG,SO,TZ,UG,YT -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi
+KG +4254+07436 Asia/Bishkek
+KI +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilbert Islands
+KI -0308-17105 Pacific/Enderbury Phoenix Islands
+KI +0152-15720 Pacific/Kiritimati Line Islands
+KP +3901+12545 Asia/Pyongyang
+KR +3733+12658 Asia/Seoul
+KZ +4315+07657 Asia/Almaty most locations
+KZ +4448+06528 Asia/Qyzylorda Qyzylorda (Kyzylorda, Kzyl-Orda)
+KZ +5017+05710 Asia/Aqtobe Aqtobe (Aktobe)
+KZ +4431+05016 Asia/Aqtau Atyrau (Atirau, Gur'yev), Mangghystau (Mankistau)
+KZ +5113+05121 Asia/Oral West Kazakhstan
+LB +3353+03530 Asia/Beirut
+LK +0656+07951 Asia/Colombo
+LR +0618-01047 Africa/Monrovia
+LT +5441+02519 Europe/Vilnius
+LU +4936+00609 Europe/Luxembourg
+LV +5657+02406 Europe/Riga
+LY +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli
+MA +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca
+MC +4342+00723 Europe/Monaco
+MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau
+MH +0709+17112 Pacific/Majuro most locations
+MH +0905+16720 Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein
+MM +1647+09610 Asia/Rangoon
+MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar most locations
+MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Ölgii, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
+MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sükhbaatar
+MO +2214+11335 Asia/Macau
+MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique
+MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta
+MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius
+MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives
+MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Time - most locations
+MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Central Time - Quintana Roo
+MX +2058-08937 America/Merida Central Time - Campeche, Yucatán
+MX +2540-10019 America/Monterrey Mexican Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas away from US border
+MX +2550-09730 America/Matamoros US Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas near US border
+MX +2313-10625 America/Mazatlan Mountain Time - S Baja, Nayarit, Sinaloa
+MX +2838-10605 America/Chihuahua Mexican Mountain Time - Chihuahua away from US border
+MX +2934-10425 America/Ojinaga US Mountain Time - Chihuahua near US border
+MX +2904-11058 America/Hermosillo Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
+MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana US Pacific Time - Baja California near US border
+MX +3018-11452 America/Santa_Isabel Mexican Pacific Time - Baja California away from US border
+MX +2048-10515 America/Bahia_Banderas Mexican Central Time - Bahía de Banderas
+MY +0310+10142 Asia/Kuala_Lumpur peninsular Malaysia
+MY +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah & Sarawak
+MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW -2558+03235 Africa/Maputo Central Africa Time (UTC+2)
+NA -2234+01706 Africa/Windhoek
+NC -2216+16627 Pacific/Noumea
+NF -2903+16758 Pacific/Norfolk
+NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE +0627+00324 Africa/Lagos West Africa Time (UTC+1)
+NI +1209-08617 America/Managua
+NL +5222+00454 Europe/Amsterdam
+NO,SJ +5955+01045 Europe/Oslo
+NP +2743+08519 Asia/Kathmandu
+NR -0031+16655 Pacific/Nauru
+NU -1901-16955 Pacific/Niue
+NZ,AQ -3652+17446 Pacific/Auckland New Zealand time
+NZ -4357-17633 Pacific/Chatham Chatham Islands
+PA,KY +0858-07932 America/Panama
+PE -1203-07703 America/Lima
+PF -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Society Islands
+PF -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas Islands
+PF -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier Islands
+PG -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby
+PH +1435+12100 Asia/Manila
+PK +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi
+PL +5215+02100 Europe/Warsaw
+PM +4703-05620 America/Miquelon
+PN -2504-13005 Pacific/Pitcairn
+PR +182806-0660622 America/Puerto_Rico
+PS +3130+03428 Asia/Gaza Gaza Strip
+PS +313200+0350542 Asia/Hebron West Bank
+PT +3843-00908 Europe/Lisbon mainland
+PT +3238-01654 Atlantic/Madeira Madeira Islands
+PT +3744-02540 Atlantic/Azores Azores
+PW +0720+13429 Pacific/Palau
+PY -2516-05740 America/Asuncion
+QA,BH +2517+05132 Asia/Qatar
+RE,TF -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion Réunion, Crozet Is, Scattered Is
+RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest
+RS,BA,HR,ME,MK,SI +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade
+RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
+RU +554521+0373704 Europe/Moscow Moscow+00 - west Russia
+RU +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol Moscow+00 - Crimea
+RU +4844+04425 Europe/Volgograd Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
+RU +5312+05009 Europe/Samara Moscow+00 (Moscow+01 after 2014-10-26) - Samara, Udmurtia
+RU +5651+06036 Asia/Yekaterinburg Moscow+02 - Urals
+RU +5500+07324 Asia/Omsk Moscow+03 - west Siberia
+RU +5502+08255 Asia/Novosibirsk Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
+RU +5345+08707 Asia/Novokuznetsk Moscow+03 (Moscow+04 after 2014-10-26) - Kemerovo
+RU +5601+09250 Asia/Krasnoyarsk Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
+RU +5216+10420 Asia/Irkutsk Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
+RU +5203+11328 Asia/Chita Moscow+06 (Moscow+05 after 2014-10-26) - Zabaykalsky
+RU +6200+12940 Asia/Yakutsk Moscow+06 - Lena River
+RU +623923+1353314 Asia/Khandyga Moscow+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
+RU +4310+13156 Asia/Vladivostok Moscow+07 - Amur River
+RU +4658+14242 Asia/Sakhalin Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island
+RU +643337+1431336 Asia/Ust-Nera Moscow+07 - Oymyakonsky
+RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan Moscow+08 (Moscow+07 after 2014-10-26) - Magadan
+RU +6728+15343 Asia/Srednekolymsk Moscow+08 - E Sakha, N Kuril Is
+RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Kamchatka
+RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Bering Sea
+SA,KW,YE +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh
+SB -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal
+SC -0440+05528 Indian/Mahe
+SD,SS +1536+03232 Africa/Khartoum
+SE +5920+01803 Europe/Stockholm
+SG +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore
+SR +0550-05510 America/Paramaribo
+SV +1342-08912 America/El_Salvador
+SY +3330+03618 Asia/Damascus
+TC +2128-07108 America/Grand_Turk
+TD +1207+01503 Africa/Ndjamena
+TF -492110+0701303 Indian/Kerguelen Kerguelen, St Paul I, Amsterdam I
+TH,KH,LA,VN +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok
+TJ +3835+06848 Asia/Dushanbe
+TK -0922-17114 Pacific/Fakaofo
+TL -0833+12535 Asia/Dili
+TM +3757+05823 Asia/Ashgabat
+TN +3648+01011 Africa/Tunis
+TO -2110-17510 Pacific/Tongatapu
+TR +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul
+TT,AG,AI,BL,DM,GD,GP,KN,LC,MF,MS,VC,VG,VI +1039-06131 America/Port_of_Spain
+TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti
+TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei
+UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev most locations
+UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Ruthenia
+UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozh'ye, E Lugansk / Zaporizhia, E Luhansk
+UM +1917+16637 Pacific/Wake Wake Island
+US +404251-0740023 America/New_York Eastern Time
+US +421953-0830245 America/Detroit Eastern Time - Michigan - most locations
+US +381515-0854534 America/Kentucky/Louisville Eastern Time - Kentucky - Louisville area
+US +364947-0845057 America/Kentucky/Monticello Eastern Time - Kentucky - Wayne County
+US +394606-0860929 America/Indiana/Indianapolis Eastern Time - Indiana - most locations
+US +384038-0873143 America/Indiana/Vincennes Eastern Time - Indiana - Daviess, Dubois, Knox & Martin Counties
+US +410305-0863611 America/Indiana/Winamac Eastern Time - Indiana - Pulaski County
+US +382232-0862041 America/Indiana/Marengo Eastern Time - Indiana - Crawford County
+US +382931-0871643 America/Indiana/Petersburg Eastern Time - Indiana - Pike County
+US +384452-0850402 America/Indiana/Vevay Eastern Time - Indiana - Switzerland County
+US +415100-0873900 America/Chicago Central Time
+US +375711-0864541 America/Indiana/Tell_City Central Time - Indiana - Perry County
+US +411745-0863730 America/Indiana/Knox Central Time - Indiana - Starke County
+US +450628-0873651 America/Menominee Central Time - Michigan - Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron & Menominee Counties
+US +470659-1011757 America/North_Dakota/Center Central Time - North Dakota - Oliver County
+US +465042-1012439 America/North_Dakota/New_Salem Central Time - North Dakota - Morton County (except Mandan area)
+US +471551-1014640 America/North_Dakota/Beulah Central Time - North Dakota - Mercer County
+US +394421-1045903 America/Denver Mountain Time
+US +433649-1161209 America/Boise Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
+US +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix Mountain Standard Time - Arizona (except Navajo)
+US +340308-1181434 America/Los_Angeles Pacific Time
+US +550737-1313435 America/Metlakatla Pacific Standard Time - Annette Island, Alaska
+US +611305-1495401 America/Anchorage Alaska Time
+US +581807-1342511 America/Juneau Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
+US +571035-1351807 America/Sitka Alaska Time - southeast Alaska panhandle
+US +593249-1394338 America/Yakutat Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
+US +643004-1652423 America/Nome Alaska Time - west Alaska
+US +515248-1763929 America/Adak Aleutian Islands
+US,UM +211825-1575130 Pacific/Honolulu Hawaii time
+UY -3453-05611 America/Montevideo
+UZ +3940+06648 Asia/Samarkand west Uzbekistan
+UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent east Uzbekistan
+VE +1030-06656 America/Caracas
+VU -1740+16825 Pacific/Efate
+WF -1318-17610 Pacific/Wallis
+WS -1350-17144 Pacific/Apia
+ZA,LS,SZ -2615+02800 Africa/Johannesburg
+ACDT 37800 D
+ACST 34200
ACT -18000
+ACWST 31500
ADT -10800 D
+AEDT 39600 D
+AEST 36000
AFT 16200
AKDT -28800 D
AKST -32400
ART -10800
AST -14400
AST 10800
+AWST 28800
AZOST 0 D
AZOT -3600
AZST 18000 D
CST -18000
CST -21600
CST 28800
-CST 34200
-CST 37800 D
CVT -3600
-CWST 31500
CXT 25200
ChST 36000
DAVT 25200
EGST 0 D
EGT -3600
EST -18000
-EST 36000
-EST 39600 D
FET 10800
FJST 46800 D
FJT 43200
IDT 10800 D
IOT 21600
IRDT 16200 D
-IRKT 32400
+IRKT 28800
IRST 12600
IST 19800
IST 3600 D
JST 32400
KGT 21600
KOST 39600
-KRAT 28800
+KRAT 25200
KST 32400
+LHDT 39600 D
LHST 37800
-LHST 39600 D
LINT 50400
-MAGT 43200
+MAGT 36000
MART -34200
MAWT 18000
MDT -21600 D
MHT 43200
MIST 39600
MMT 23400
-MSK 14400
+MSK 10800
MST -25200
MUT 14400
MVT 18000
MYT 28800
-MeST -28800
NCT 39600
NDT -9000 D
NFT 41400
-NOVT 25200
+NOVT 21600
NPT 20700
NRT 43200
NST -12600
NUT -39600
NZDT 46800 D
NZST 43200
-OMST 25200
+OMST 21600
ORAT 18000
PDT -25200 D
PET -18000
QYZT 21600
RET 14400
ROTT -10800
-SAKT 39600
+SAKT 36000
SAMT 14400
SAST 7200
SBT 39600
SCT 14400
SGT 28800
+SRET 39600
SRT -10800
SST -39600
SYOT 10800
UYT -10800
UZT 18000
VET -16200
-VLAT 39600
-VOLT 14400
+VLAT 36000
VOST 21600
VUT 39600
WAKT 43200
WIT 32400
WITA 28800
WSDT 50400 D
-WST 28800
-WST 46800
-YAKT 36000
-YEKT 21600
+WSST 46800
+XJT 21600
+YAKT 32400
+YEKT 18000
# (Etc/GMT)
# (Europe/Dublin)
# (Europe/London)
+# CONFLICT! SAST is not unique
+# Other timezones:
+# - SAST South Australian Standard Time (not in zic)
SAST 7200 # South Africa Standard Time
- # Australian South Standard Time
- # (Africa/Maseru)
- # (Africa/Mbabane)
+ # (Africa/Johannesburg)
WAST 7200 D # West Africa Summer Time
# (Africa/Windhoek)
WAT 3600 # West Africa Time
# (America/Rio_Branco)
# CONFLICT! ACST is not unique
# Other timezones:
-# - ACST: Central Australia Standard Time (Australia)
-ACST -14400 D # Acre Summer Time (not in zic)
- # (America/Eirunepe)
- # (America/Rio_Branco)
+# - ACST: Australian Central Standard Time
+ACST -14400 D # Acre Summer Time (obsolete, not in zic)
ADT -10800 D # Atlantic Daylight Time
# (America/Glace_Bay)
# (America/Goose_Bay)
# src/timezone/tznames/Antarctica.txt
#
+AWST 28800 # Australian Western Standard Time
+ # (Antarctica/Casey)
+ # (Australia/Perth)
CLST -10800 D # Chile Summer Time
# (America/Santiago)
# (Antarctica/Palmer)
# (Antarctica/Syowa)
VOST 21600 # Vostok time
# (Antarctica/Vostok)
-# CONFLICT! WST is not unique
-# Other timezones:
-# - WST: West Samoa Time
-WST 28800 # Western Standard Time (Australia)
- # (Antarctica/Casey)
- # (Australia/Perth)
IRDT 16200 D # Iran Daylight Time
# (Asia/Tehran)
IRKST 32400 D # Irkutsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-IRKT 32400 # Irkutsk Time (caution: this used to mean 28800)
+IRKT 28800 # Irkutsk Time (caution: this used to mean 32400)
# (Asia/Irkutsk)
IRST 12600 # Iran Standard Time
# (Asia/Tehran)
KGT 21600 # Kyrgyzstan Time (caution: this used to mean 18000)
# (Asia/Bishkek)
KRAST 28800 D # Krasnoyarsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-KRAT 28800 # Krasnoyarsk Time (caution: this used to mean 25200)
+KRAT 25200 # Krasnoyarsk Time (caution: this used to mean 28800)
# (Asia/Krasnoyarsk)
KST 32400 # Korean Standard Time
# (Asia/Pyongyang)
LKT 21600 # Lanka Time (obsolete)
MAGST 43200 D # Magadan Summer Time (obsolete)
-MAGT 43200 # Magadan Time (caution: this used to mean 39600)
+MAGT 36000 # Magadan Time (caution: this used to mean 43200)
# (Asia/Magadan)
MMT 23400 # Myanmar Time
# (Asia/Rangoon)
# (Asia/Kuala_Lumpur)
# (Asia/Kuching)
NOVST 25200 D # Novosibirsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-NOVT 25200 # Novosibirsk Time (caution: this used to mean 21600)
+NOVT 21600 # Novosibirsk Time (caution: this used to mean 25200)
# (Asia/Novosibirsk)
NPT 20700 # Nepal Time
# (Asia/Katmandu)
OMSST 25200 D # Omsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-OMST 25200 # Omsk Time (caution: this used to mean 21600)
+OMST 21600 # Omsk Time (caution: this used to mean 25200)
# (Asia/Omsk)
ORAT 18000 # Oral Time
# (Asia/Oral)
QYZT 21600 # Kizilorda Time
# (Asia/Qyzylorda)
SAKST 39600 D # Sakhalin Summer Time (obsolete)
-SAKT 39600 # Sakhalin Time (caution: this used to mean 36000)
+SAKT 36000 # Sakhalin Time (caution: this used to mean 39600)
# (Asia/Sakhalin)
SGT 28800 # Singapore Time
# (Asia/Singapore)
+SRET 39600 # Srednekolymsk Time
+ # (Asia/Srednekolymsk)
TJT 18000 # Tajikistan Time
# (Asia/Dushanbe)
TLT 32400 # East Timor Time
# (Asia/Samarkand)
# (Asia/Tashkent)
VLAST 39600 D # Vladivostok Summer Time (obsolete)
-VLAT 39600 # Vladivostok Time (caution: this used to mean 36000)
+VLAT 36000 # Vladivostok Time (caution: this used to mean 39600)
# (Asia/Vladivostok)
WIB 25200 # Waktu Indonesia Barat
# (Asia/Jakarta)
# (Asia/Jayapura)
WITA 28800 # Waktu Indonesia Tengah
# (Asia/Makassar)
+XJT 21600 # Xinjiang Time
+ # (Asia/Urumqi)
YAKST 36000 D # Yakutsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-YAKT 36000 # Yakutsk Time (caution: this used to mean 32400)
+YAKT 32400 # Yakutsk Time (caution: this used to mean 36000)
# (Asia/Yakutsk)
YEKST 21600 D # Yekaterinburg Summer Time (obsolete)
-YEKT 21600 # Yekaterinburg Time (caution: this used to mean 18000)
+YEKT 18000 # Yekaterinburg Time (caution: this used to mean 21600)
# (Asia/Yekaterinburg)
# Time zone configuration file for set "Australia"
+# The abbreviations set up by this file are no longer in widespread use,
+# and should be avoided when possible. Use this file if you need backwards
+# compatibility with old applications or data.
+
# In order to use this file, you need to set the run-time parameter
# timezone_abbreviations to 'Australia'. See the `Date/Time Support'
# appendix in the PostgreSQL documentation for more information.
# in case of a conflict.
@OVERRIDE
-ACST 34200 # Central Australia Standard Time (not in zic)
-CST 34200 # Central Standard Time (Australia)
- # (Australia/Adelaide)
- # (Australia/Broken_Hill)
-EAST 36000 # East Australian Standard Time (Australia) (not in zic)
-EST 36000 # Eastern Standard Time (Australia)
- # (Australia/Currie)
- # (Australia/Hobart)
- # (Australia/Melbourne)
- # (Australia/Sydney)
- # (Australia/Currie)
- # (Australia/Hobart)
- # (Australia/Melbourne)
- # (Australia/Sydney)
+CST 34200 # Central Standard Time (not in zic)
+EAST 36000 # East Australian Standard Time (not in zic)
+EST 36000 # Eastern Standard Time (not in zic)
+SAST 34200 # South Australian Standard Time (not in zic)
SAT 34200 # South Australian Standard Time (not in zic)
-WST 28800 # Western Standard Time (Australia)
- # (Antarctica/Casey)
- # (Australia/Perth)
+WST 28800 # Western Standard Time (not in zic)
#
ACSST 37800 D # Central Australia (not in zic)
-# CONFLICT! ACST is not unique
-# Other timezones:
-# - ACST: Acre Summer Time (America)
-ACST 34200 # Central Australia Standard Time (not in zic)
+ACDT 37800 D # Australian Central Daylight Time
+ # (Australia/Adelaide)
+ # (Australia/Broken_Hill)
+ # (Australia/Darwin)
+ACST 34200 # Australian Central Standard Time
+ # (Australia/Adelaide)
+ # (Australia/Broken_Hill)
+ # (Australia/Darwin)
+ACWST 31500 # Australian Central Western Standard Time
+ # (Australia/Eucla)
AESST 39600 D # Australia Eastern Summer Standard Time (not in zic)
-AEST 36000 # Australia Eastern Standard Time (not in zic)
+AEDT 39600 D # Australian Eastern Daylight Time
+ # (Australia/Brisbane)
+ # (Australia/Currie)
+ # (Australia/Hobart)
+ # (Australia/Lindeman)
+ # (Australia/Melbourne)
+ # (Australia/Sydney)
+AEST 36000 # Australian Eastern Standard Time
+ # (Australia/Brisbane)
+ # (Australia/Currie)
+ # (Australia/Hobart)
+ # (Australia/Lindeman)
+ # (Australia/Melbourne)
+ # (Australia/Sydney)
AWSST 32400 D # Australia Western Summer Standard Time (not in zic)
-AWST 28800 # Australia Western Standard Time (not in zic)
+AWST 28800 # Australian Western Standard Time
+ # (Australia/Perth)
CADT 37800 D # Central Australia Daylight-Saving Time (not in zic)
CAST 34200 # Central Australia Standard Time (not in zic)
# CONFLICT! CST is not unique
# Other timezones:
# - CST: Central Standard Time (America)
# - CST: Cuba Central Standard Time (America)
-CST 34200 # Central Standard Time (Australia)
- # (Australia/Adelaide)
- # (Australia/Broken_Hill)
-CWST 31500 # Central Western Standard Time (Australia)
- # (Australia/Eucla)
+CST 34200 # Central Standard Time (not in zic)
+CWST 31500 # Central Western Standard Time (not in zic)
# CONFLICT! EAST is not unique
# Other timezones:
# - EAST: Easter Island Time (Chile) (Pacific)
# CONFLICT! EST is not unique
# Other timezones:
# - EST: Eastern Standard Time (America)
-EST 36000 # Eastern Standard Time (Australia)
- # (Australia/Currie)
- # (Australia/Hobart)
- # (Australia/Melbourne)
- # (Australia/Sydney)
- # (Australia/Currie)
- # (Australia/Hobart)
- # (Australia/Melbourne)
- # (Australia/Sydney)
-LHDT 39600 D # Lord Howe Daylight Time, Australia (not in zic)
-LHST 37800 # Lord Howe Standard Time (Australia)
+EST 36000 # Eastern Standard Time (not in zic)
+LHDT 39600 D # Lord Howe Daylight Time
+ # (Australia/Lord_Howe)
+LHST 37800 # Lord Howe Standard Time
# (Australia/Lord_Howe)
LIGT 36000 # Melbourne, Australia (not in zic)
NZT 43200 # New Zealand Time (not in zic)
SADT 37800 D # South Australian Daylight-Saving Time (not in zic)
+# CONFLICT! SAST is not unique
+# Other timezones:
+# - SAST South Africa Standard Time
SAST 34200 # South Australian Standard Time (not in zic)
SAT 34200 # South Australian Standard Time (not in zic)
WADT 28800 D # West Australian Daylight-Saving Time (not in zic)
# CONFLICT! WST is not unique
# Other timezones:
# - WST: West Samoa Time
-WST 28800 # Western Standard Time (Australia)
- # (Antarctica/Casey)
- # (Australia/Perth)
-
+WST 28800 # Western Standard Time (not in zic)
# (Indian/Antananarivo)
# (Indian/Comoro)
# (Indian/Mayotte)
+SAST 7200 # South Africa Standard Time
+ # (Africa/Johannesburg)
WAT 3600 # West Africa Time
# (Africa/Bangui)
# (Africa/Brazzaville)
ACT -18000 # Acre Time
# (America/Eirunepe)
# (America/Rio_Branco)
-ACST -14400 D # Acre Summer Time
- # (America/Eirunepe)
- # (America/Rio_Branco)
AKDT -28800 D # Alaska Daylight Time
# (America/Anchorage)
# (America/Juneau)
IDT 10800 D # Israel Daylight Time
# (Asia/Jerusalem)
IRKST 32400 D # Irkutsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-IRKT 32400 # Irkutsk Time (caution: this used to mean 28800)
+IRKT 28800 # Irkutsk Time (caution: this used to mean 32400)
# (Asia/Irkutsk)
IRT 12600 # Iran Time (not in zic)
# CONFLICT! IST is not unique
KGT 21600 # Kyrgyzstan Time (caution: this used to mean 18000)
# (Asia/Bishkek)
KRAST 28800 D # Krasnoyarsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-KRAT 28800 # Krasnoyarsk Time (caution: this used to mean 25200)
+KRAT 25200 # Krasnoyarsk Time (caution: this used to mean 28800)
# (Asia/Krasnoyarsk)
KST 32400 # Korean Standard Time
# (Asia/Pyongyang)
LKT 21600 # Lanka Time (obsolete)
MAGST 43200 D # Magadan Summer Time (obsolete)
-MAGT 43200 # Magadan Time (caution: this used to mean 39600)
+MAGT 36000 # Magadan Time (caution: this used to mean 43200)
# (Asia/Magadan)
MMT 23400 # Myanmar Time
# (Asia/Rangoon)
# (Asia/Kuala_Lumpur)
# (Asia/Kuching)
NOVST 25200 D # Novosibirsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-NOVT 25200 # Novosibirsk Time (caution: this used to mean 21600)
+NOVT 21600 # Novosibirsk Time (caution: this used to mean 25200)
# (Asia/Novosibirsk)
NPT 20700 # Nepal Time
# (Asia/Katmandu)
OMSST 25200 D # Omsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-OMST 25200 # Omsk Time (caution: this used to mean 21600)
+OMST 21600 # Omsk Time (caution: this used to mean 25200)
# (Asia/Omsk)
PETST 46800 D # Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski Summer Time (obsolete)
PETT 43200 # Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski Time
# (Asia/Samarkand)
# (Asia/Tashkent)
VLAST 39600 D # Vladivostok Summer Time (obsolete)
-VLAT 39600 # Vladivostok Time (caution: this used to mean 36000)
+VLAT 36000 # Vladivostok Time (caution: this used to mean 39600)
# (Asia/Vladivostok)
+XJT 21600 # Xinjiang Time
+ # (Asia/Urumqi)
YAKST 36000 D # Yakutsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-YAKT 36000 # Yakutsk Time (caution: this used to mean 32400)
+YAKT 32400 # Yakutsk Time (caution: this used to mean 36000)
# (Asia/Yakutsk)
YEKST 21600 D # Yekaterinburg Summer Time (obsolete)
-YEKT 21600 # Yekaterinburg Time (caution: this used to mean 18000)
+YEKT 18000 # Yekaterinburg Time (caution: this used to mean 21600)
# (Asia/Yekaterinburg)
#################### ATLANTIC ####################
#################### AUSTRALIA ####################
-ACSST 37800 D # Central Australia (not in zic)
-AESST 39600 D # Australia Eastern Summer Standard Time (not in zic)
-AEST 36000 # Australia Eastern Standard Time (not in zic)
+ACSST 37800 D # Australian Central Summer Standard Time (not in zic)
+ACDT 37800 D # Australian Central Daylight Time
+ # (Australia/Adelaide)
+ # (Australia/Broken_Hill)
+ # (Australia/Darwin)
+ACST 34200 # Australian Central Standard Time
+ # (Australia/Adelaide)
+ # (Australia/Broken_Hill)
+ # (Australia/Darwin)
+ACWST 31500 # Australian Central Western Standard Time
+ # (Australia/Eucla)
+AESST 39600 D # Australian Eastern Summer Standard Time (not in zic)
+AEDT 39600 D # Australian Eastern Daylight Time
+ # (Australia/Brisbane)
+ # (Australia/Currie)
+ # (Australia/Hobart)
+ # (Australia/Lindeman)
+ # (Australia/Melbourne)
+ # (Australia/Sydney)
+AEST 36000 # Australian Eastern Standard Time
+ # (Australia/Brisbane)
+ # (Australia/Currie)
+ # (Australia/Hobart)
+ # (Australia/Lindeman)
+ # (Australia/Melbourne)
+ # (Australia/Sydney)
AWSST 32400 D # Australia Western Summer Standard Time (not in zic)
-AWST 28800 # Australia Western Standard Time (not in zic)
+AWST 28800 # Australian Western Standard Time
+ # (Australia/Perth)
CADT 37800 D # Central Australia Daylight-Saving Time (not in zic)
CAST 34200 # Central Australia Standard Time (not in zic)
-LHDT 39600 D # Lord Howe Daylight Time, Australia (not in zic)
-LHST 37800 # Lord Howe Standard Time (Australia)
+LHDT 39600 D # Lord Howe Daylight Time
+ # (Australia/Lord_Howe)
+LHST 37800 # Lord Howe Standard Time
# (Australia/Lord_Howe)
LIGT 36000 # Melbourne, Australia (not in zic)
NZT 43200 # New Zealand Time (not in zic)
SADT 37800 D # South Australian Daylight-Saving Time (not in zic)
-SAST 34200 # South Australian Standard Time (not in zic)
WADT 28800 D # West Australian Daylight-Saving Time (not in zic)
WAST 25200 # West Australian Standard Time (not in zic)
WDT 32400 D # West Australian Daylight-Saving Time (not in zic)
METDST 7200 D # Middle Europe Summer Time (not in zic)
MEZ 3600 # Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (German) (not in zic)
MSD 14400 D # Moscow Daylight Time (obsolete)
-MSK 14400 # Moscow Time (caution: this used to mean 10800)
+MSK 10800 # Moscow Time (caution: this used to mean 14400)
# (Europe/Moscow)
-VOLT 14400 # Volgograd Time
- # (Europe/Volgograd)
+VOLT 14400 # Volgograd Time (obsolete)
WET 0 # Western Europe Time
# (Africa/Casablanca)
# (Africa/El_Aaiun)
# (Pacific/Truk)
TVT 43200 # Tuvalu Time
# (Pacific/Funafuti)
-VUT 39600 # Vanuata Time (not in zic)
+VUT 39600 # Vanuata Time
+ # (Pacific/Efate)
WAKT 43200 # Wake Time
# (Pacific/Wake)
WFT 43200 # Wallis and Futuna Time
# (Pacific/Wallis)
YAPT 36000 # Yap Time (Micronesia) (not in zic)
-
# (Etc/UTC)
Z 0 # Zulu
ZULU 0 # Zulu
-
METDST 7200 D # Middle Europe Summer Time (not in zic)
MEZ 3600 # Mitteleuropäische Zeit (German) (not in zic)
MSD 14400 D # Moscow Daylight Time (obsolete)
-MSK 14400 # Moscow Time (caution: this used to mean 10800)
+MSK 10800 # Moscow Time (caution: this used to mean 14400)
# (Europe/Moscow)
SAMST 18000 D # Samara Summer Time (obsolete)
SAMT 14400 # Samara Time
# (Europe/Samara)
-VOLT 14400 # Volgograd Time
- # (Europe/Volgograd)
+VOLT 14400 # Volgograd Time (obsolete)
WEST 3600 D # Western Europe Summer Time
# (Africa/Casablanca)
# (Atlantic/Canary)
# (Pacific/Kwajalein)
# (Pacific/Majuro)
MPT 36000 # North Mariana Islands Time (not in zic)
-NCT 39600 # New Caledonia Time (not in zic)
+NCT 39600 # New Caledonia Time
+ # (Pacific/Noumea)
# CONFLICT! NFT is not unique
# Other timezones:
# - NFT: Newfoundland Time (America)
# (Pacific/Truk)
TVT 43200 # Tuvalu Time
# (Pacific/Funafuti)
-VUT 39600 # Vanuata Time (not in zic)
+VUT 39600 # Vanuata Time
+ # (Pacific/Efate)
WAKT 43200 # Wake Time
# (Pacific/Wake)
WFT 43200 # Wallis and Futuna Time
# (Pacific/Wallis)
-# CONFLICT! WST is not unique
-# Other timezones:
-# - WST: Western Standard Time (Australia)
WSDT 50400 D # West Samoa Daylight Time
# (Pacific/Apia)
-WST 46800 # West Samoa Time (caution: this used to mean -39600)
+WSST 46800 # West Samoa Standard Time
# (Pacific/Apia)
+# CONFLICT! WST is not unique
+# Other timezones:
+# - WST: Western Standard Time (Australia)
+WST 46800 # West Samoa Time (caution: this used to mean -39600) (not in zic)
YAPT 36000 # Yap Time (Micronesia) (not in zic)
projects / postgresql / commitdiff