+++ /dev/null
-
-:mod:`dl` --- Call C functions in shared objects
-================================================
-
-.. module:: dl
- :platform: Unix
- :synopsis: Call C functions in shared objects.
-.. sectionauthor:: Moshe Zadka <moshez@zadka.site.co.il>
-
-The :mod:`dl` module defines an interface to the :cfunc:`dlopen` function, which
-is the most common interface on Unix platforms for handling dynamically linked
-libraries. It allows the program to call arbitrary functions in such a library.
-
-.. warning::
-
- The :mod:`dl` module bypasses the Python type system and error handling. If
- used incorrectly it may cause segmentation faults, crashes or other incorrect
- behaviour.
-
-.. note::
-
- This module will not work unless ``sizeof(int) == sizeof(long) == sizeof(char
- *)`` If this is not the case, :exc:`SystemError` will be raised on import.
-
-The :mod:`dl` module defines the following function:
-
-
-.. function:: open(name[, mode=RTLD_LAZY])
-
- Open a shared object file, and return a handle. Mode signifies late binding
- (:const:`RTLD_LAZY`) or immediate binding (:const:`RTLD_NOW`). Default is
- :const:`RTLD_LAZY`. Note that some systems do not support :const:`RTLD_NOW`.
-
- Return value is a :class:`dlobject`.
-
-The :mod:`dl` module defines the following constants:
-
-
-.. data:: RTLD_LAZY
-
- Useful as an argument to :func:`open`.
-
-
-.. data:: RTLD_NOW
-
- Useful as an argument to :func:`open`. Note that on systems which do not
- support immediate binding, this constant will not appear in the module. For
- maximum portability, use :func:`hasattr` to determine if the system supports
- immediate binding.
-
-The :mod:`dl` module defines the following exception:
-
-
-.. exception:: error
-
- Exception raised when an error has occurred inside the dynamic loading and
- linking routines.
-
-Example::
-
- >>> import dl, time
- >>> a=dl.open('/lib/libc.so.6')
- >>> a.call('time'), time.time()
- (929723914, 929723914.498)
-
-This example was tried on a Debian GNU/Linux system, and is a good example of
-the fact that using this module is usually a bad alternative.
-
-
-.. _dl-objects:
-
-Dl Objects
-----------
-
-Dl objects, as returned by :func:`open` above, have the following methods:
-
-
-.. method:: dl.close()
-
- Free all resources, except the memory.
-
-
-.. method:: dl.sym(name)
-
- Return the pointer for the function named *name*, as a number, if it exists in
- the referenced shared object, otherwise ``None``. This is useful in code like::
-
- >>> if a.sym('time'):
- ... a.call('time')
- ... else:
- ... time.time()
-
- (Note that this function will return a non-zero number, as zero is the *NULL*
- pointer)
-
-
-.. method:: dl.call(name[, arg1[, arg2...]])
-
- Call the function named *name* in the referenced shared object. The arguments
- must be either Python integers, which will be passed as is, Python strings, to
- which a pointer will be passed, or ``None``, which will be passed as *NULL*.
- Note that strings should only be passed to functions as :ctype:`const char\*`,
- as Python will not like its string mutated.
-
- There must be at most 10 arguments, and arguments not given will be treated as
- ``None``. The function's return value must be a C :ctype:`long`, which is a
- Python integer.
-
.. function:: getdlopenflags()
Return the current value of the flags that are used for :cfunc:`dlopen` calls.
- The flag constants are defined in the :mod:`dl` and :mod:`DLFCN` modules.
+ The flag constants are defined in the :mod:`ctypes` and :mod:`DLFCN` modules.
Availability: Unix.
the interpreter loads extension modules. Among other things, this will enable a
lazy resolving of symbols when importing a module, if called as
``sys.setdlopenflags(0)``. To share symbols across extension modules, call as
- ``sys.setdlopenflags(dl.RTLD_NOW | dl.RTLD_GLOBAL)``. Symbolic names for the
- flag modules can be either found in the :mod:`dl` module, or in the :mod:`DLFCN`
+ ``sys.setdlopenflags(ctypes.RTLD_GLOBAL)``. Symbolic names for the
+ flag modules can be either found in the :mod:`ctypes` module, or in the :mod:`DLFCN`
module. If :mod:`DLFCN` is not available, it can be generated from
:file:`/usr/include/dlfcn.h` using the :program:`h2py` script. Availability:
Unix.
spwd.rst
grp.rst
crypt.rst
- dl.rst
termios.rst
tty.rst
pty.rst
+++ /dev/null
-#! /usr/bin/env python
-"""Test dlmodule.c
- Roger E. Masse revised strategy by Barry Warsaw
-"""
-
-import dl
-from test.test_support import verbose,TestSkipped
-
-sharedlibs = [
- ('/usr/lib/libc.so', 'getpid'),
- ('/lib/libc.so.6', 'getpid'),
- ('/usr/bin/cygwin1.dll', 'getpid'),
- ('/usr/lib/libc.dylib', 'getpid'),
- ]
-
-for s, func in sharedlibs:
- try:
- if verbose:
- print('trying to open:', s, end=' ')
- l = dl.open(s)
- except dl.error as err:
- if verbose:
- print('failed', repr(str(err)))
- pass
- else:
- if verbose:
- print('succeeded...', end=' ')
- l.call(func)
- l.close()
- if verbose:
- print('worked!')
- break
-else:
- raise TestSkipped('Could not open any shared libraries')
Extension Modules
-----------------
+- The dl module was removed, use the ctypes module instead.
+
- Use wchar_t functions in _locale module.
Library
#_curses_panel _curses_panel.c -lpanel -lncurses
-# Generic (SunOS / SVR4) dynamic loading module.
-# This is not needed for dynamic loading of Python modules --
-# it is a highly experimental and dangerous device for calling
-# *arbitrary* C functions in *arbitrary* shared libraries:
-
-#dl dlmodule.c
-
-
# Modules that provide persistent dictionary-like semantics. You will
# probably want to arrange for at least one of them to be available on
# your machine, though none are defined by default because of library
+++ /dev/null
-
-/* dl module */
-
-#include "Python.h"
-
-#include <dlfcn.h>
-
-#ifdef __VMS
-#include <unistd.h>
-#endif
-
-#ifndef RTLD_LAZY
-#define RTLD_LAZY 1
-#endif
-
-typedef void *PyUnivPtr;
-typedef struct {
- PyObject_HEAD
- PyUnivPtr *dl_handle;
-} dlobject;
-
-static PyTypeObject Dltype;
-
-static PyObject *Dlerror;
-
-static PyObject *
-newdlobject(PyUnivPtr *handle)
-{
- dlobject *xp;
- xp = PyObject_New(dlobject, &Dltype);
- if (xp == NULL)
- return NULL;
- xp->dl_handle = handle;
- return (PyObject *)xp;
-}
-
-static void
-dl_dealloc(dlobject *xp)
-{
- if (xp->dl_handle != NULL)
- dlclose(xp->dl_handle);
- PyObject_Del(xp);
-}
-
-static PyObject *
-dl_close(dlobject *xp)
-{
- if (xp->dl_handle != NULL) {
- dlclose(xp->dl_handle);
- xp->dl_handle = NULL;
- }
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- return Py_None;
-}
-
-static PyObject *
-dl_sym(dlobject *xp, PyObject *args)
-{
- char *name;
- PyUnivPtr *func;
- if (PyUnicode_Check(args)) {
- name = PyUnicode_AsString(args);
- } else {
- PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected string, found %.200s",
- Py_TYPE(args)->tp_name);
- return NULL;
- }
- func = dlsym(xp->dl_handle, name);
- if (func == NULL) {
- Py_INCREF(Py_None);
- return Py_None;
- }
- return PyLong_FromLong((long)func);
-}
-
-static PyObject *
-dl_call(dlobject *xp, PyObject *args)
-{
- PyObject *name;
- long (*func)(long, long, long, long, long,
- long, long, long, long, long);
- long alist[10];
- long res;
- Py_ssize_t i;
- Py_ssize_t n = PyTuple_Size(args);
- if (n < 1) {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "at least a name is needed");
- return NULL;
- }
- name = PyTuple_GetItem(args, 0);
- if (!PyUnicode_Check(name)) {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "function name must be a string");
- return NULL;
- }
- func = (long (*)(long, long, long, long, long,
- long, long, long, long, long))
- dlsym(xp->dl_handle, PyUnicode_AsString(name));
- if (func == NULL) {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, dlerror());
- return NULL;
- }
- if (n-1 > 10) {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "too many arguments (max 10)");
- return NULL;
- }
- for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
- PyObject *v = PyTuple_GetItem(args, i);
- if (PyLong_Check(v)) {
- alist[i-1] = PyLong_AsLong(v);
- if (alist[i-1] == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
- return NULL;
- } else if (PyUnicode_Check(v))
- alist[i-1] = (long)PyUnicode_AsString(v);
- else if (v == Py_None)
- alist[i-1] = (long) ((char *)NULL);
- else {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
- "arguments must be int, string or None");
- return NULL;
- }
- }
- for (; i <= 10; i++)
- alist[i-1] = 0;
- res = (*func)(alist[0], alist[1], alist[2], alist[3], alist[4],
- alist[5], alist[6], alist[7], alist[8], alist[9]);
- return PyLong_FromLong(res);
-}
-
-static PyMethodDef dlobject_methods[] = {
- {"call", (PyCFunction)dl_call, METH_VARARGS},
- {"sym", (PyCFunction)dl_sym, METH_O},
- {"close", (PyCFunction)dl_close, METH_NOARGS},
- {NULL, NULL} /* Sentinel */
-};
-
-static PyObject *
-dl_getattr(dlobject *xp, char *name)
-{
- return Py_FindMethod(dlobject_methods, (PyObject *)xp, name);
-}
-
-
-static PyTypeObject Dltype = {
- PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
- "dl.dl", /*tp_name*/
- sizeof(dlobject), /*tp_basicsize*/
- 0, /*tp_itemsize*/
- /* methods */
- (destructor)dl_dealloc, /*tp_dealloc*/
- 0, /*tp_print*/
- (getattrfunc)dl_getattr,/*tp_getattr*/
- 0, /*tp_setattr*/
- 0, /*tp_compare*/
- 0, /*tp_repr*/
- 0, /*tp_as_number*/
- 0, /*tp_as_sequence*/
- 0, /*tp_as_mapping*/
- 0, /*tp_hash*/
-};
-
-static PyObject *
-dl_open(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
- char *name;
- int mode;
- PyUnivPtr *handle;
- if (sizeof(int) != sizeof(long) ||
- sizeof(long) != sizeof(char *)) {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
- "module dl requires sizeof(int) == sizeof(long) == sizeof(char*)");
- return NULL;
- }
-
- if (PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z:open", &name))
- mode = RTLD_LAZY;
- else {
- PyErr_Clear();
- if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "zi:open", &name, &mode))
- return NULL;
-#ifndef RTLD_NOW
- if (mode != RTLD_LAZY) {
- PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "mode must be 1");
- return NULL;
- }
-#endif
- }
- handle = dlopen(name, mode);
- if (handle == NULL) {
- PyErr_SetString(Dlerror, dlerror());
- return NULL;
- }
-#ifdef __VMS
- /* Under OpenVMS dlopen doesn't do any check, just save the name
- * for later use, so we have to check if the file is readable,
- * the name can be a logical or a file from SYS$SHARE.
- */
- if (access(name, R_OK)) {
- char fname[strlen(name) + 20];
- strcpy(fname, "SYS$SHARE:");
- strcat(fname, name);
- strcat(fname, ".EXE");
- if (access(fname, R_OK)) {
- dlclose(handle);
- PyErr_SetString(Dlerror,
- "File not found or protection violation");
- return NULL;
- }
- }
-#endif
- return newdlobject(handle);
-}
-
-static PyMethodDef dl_methods[] = {
- {"open", dl_open, METH_VARARGS},
- {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
-};
-
-/* From socketmodule.c
- * Convenience routine to export an integer value.
- *
- * Errors are silently ignored, for better or for worse...
- */
-static void
-insint(PyObject *d, char *name, int value)
-{
- PyObject *v = PyLong_FromLong((long) value);
- if (!v || PyDict_SetItemString(d, name, v))
- PyErr_Clear();
-
- Py_XDECREF(v);
-}
-
-PyMODINIT_FUNC
-initdl(void)
-{
- PyObject *m, *d, *x;
-
- /* Initialize object type */
- Py_TYPE(&Dltype) = &PyType_Type;
-
- /* Create the module and add the functions */
- m = Py_InitModule("dl", dl_methods);
- if (m == NULL)
- return;
-
- /* Add some symbolic constants to the module */
- d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
- Dlerror = x = PyErr_NewException("dl.error", NULL, NULL);
- PyDict_SetItemString(d, "error", x);
- x = PyLong_FromLong((long)RTLD_LAZY);
- PyDict_SetItemString(d, "RTLD_LAZY", x);
-#define INSINT(X) insint(d,#X,X)
-#ifdef RTLD_NOW
- INSINT(RTLD_NOW);
-#endif
-#ifdef RTLD_NOLOAD
- INSINT(RTLD_NOLOAD);
-#endif
-#ifdef RTLD_GLOBAL
- INSINT(RTLD_GLOBAL);
-#endif
-#ifdef RTLD_LOCAL
- INSINT(RTLD_LOCAL);
-#endif
-#ifdef RTLD_PARENT
- INSINT(RTLD_PARENT);
-#endif
-#ifdef RTLD_GROUP
- INSINT(RTLD_GROUP);
-#endif
-#ifdef RTLD_WORLD
- INSINT(RTLD_WORLD);
-#endif
-#ifdef RTLD_NODELETE
- INSINT(RTLD_NODELETE);
-#endif
-}
Modules/cStringIO.c \
Modules/_csv.c \
Modules/datetimemodule.c \
- Modules/dlmodule.c \
Modules/errnomodule.c \
Modules/fcntlmodule.c \
Modules/_functoolsmodule.c \
$(PY_INCLUDE)\sliceobject.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\stringobject.h \
$(PY_INCLUDE)\sysmodule.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\traceback.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\tupleobject.h
-dlmodule.obj: $(PY_INCLUDE)\abstract.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\ceval.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\classobject.h \
- $(PY_INCLUDE)\cobject.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\complexobject.h pyconfig.h \
- $(PY_INCLUDE)\dictobject.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\fileobject.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\floatobject.h \
- $(PY_INCLUDE)\funcobject.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\import.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\intobject.h \
- $(PY_INCLUDE)\intrcheck.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\listobject.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\longobject.h \
- $(PY_INCLUDE)\methodobject.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\modsupport.h \
- $(PY_INCLUDE)\moduleobject.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\mymalloc.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\myproto.h \
- $(PY_INCLUDE)\object.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\objimpl.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\pydebug.h \
- $(PY_INCLUDE)\pyerrors.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\pyfpe.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\pystate.h \
- $(PY_INCLUDE)\python.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\pythonrun.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\rangeobject.h \
- $(PY_INCLUDE)\sliceobject.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\stringobject.h \
- $(PY_INCLUDE)\sysmodule.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\traceback.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\tupleobject.h
-
errno.obj: $(PY_INCLUDE)\abstract.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\ceval.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\classobject.h \
$(PY_INCLUDE)\cobject.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\complexobject.h pyconfig.h \
$(PY_INCLUDE)\dictobject.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\fileobject.h $(PY_INCLUDE)\floatobject.h \
# zlibmodule.c -- Wrapper of ZLib Compression API (GZip Format)
# puremodule.c -- Wrapper of Purify Debugging API (Probably Non-OS/2)
- # dlmodule.c -- Some Wierd Form of Data Processing Module
# xxmodule.c -- Template to Create Your Own Module
#
pythonrun.h rangeobject.h sliceobject.h stringobject.h sysmodule.h \
traceback.h tupleobject.h
-dlmodule.obj: abstract.h ceval.h classobject.h cobject.h complexobject.h \
- pyconfig.h dictobject.h fileobject.h floatobject.h funcobject.h \
- import.h intobject.h intrcheck.h listobject.h longobject.h \
- methodobject.h modsupport.h moduleobject.h mymalloc.h myproto.h \
- object.h objimpl.h pydebug.h pyerrors.h pyfpe.h pystate.h python.h \
- pythonrun.h rangeobject.h sliceobject.h stringobject.h sysmodule.h \
- traceback.h tupleobject.h
-
errno.obj: abstract.h ceval.h classobject.h cobject.h complexobject.h \
pyconfig.h dictobject.h fileobject.h floatobject.h funcobject.h \
import.h intobject.h intrcheck.h listobject.h longobject.h \
exts.append(Extension('_codecs_%s' % loc,
['cjkcodecs/_codecs_%s.c' % loc]))
- # Dynamic loading module
- if sys.maxsize == 0x7fffffff:
- # This requires sizeof(int) == sizeof(long) == sizeof(char*)
- dl_inc = find_file('dlfcn.h', [], inc_dirs)
- if (dl_inc is not None) and (platform not in ['atheos']):
- exts.append( Extension('dl', ['dlmodule.c']) )
- else:
- missing.append('dl')
- else:
- missing.append('dl')
-
# Thomas Heller's _ctypes module
self.detect_ctypes(inc_dirs, lib_dirs)
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