-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/arch-dev.sgml,v 2.26 2006/03/10 19:10:46 momjian Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/arch-dev.sgml,v 2.27 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="overview">
<title>Overview of PostgreSQL Internals</title>
know ahead of time how many connections will be made, we have to
use a <firstterm>master process</firstterm> that spawns a new
server process every time a connection is requested. This master
- process is called <literal>postmaster</literal> and listens at a
+ process is called <literal>postgres</literal> and listens at a
specified TCP/IP port for incoming connections. Whenever a request
- for a connection is detected the <literal>postmaster</literal>
- process spawns a new server process called
- <literal>postgres</literal>. The server tasks
- (<literal>postgres</literal> processes) communicate with each
- other using <firstterm>semaphores</firstterm> and
+ for a connection is detected the <literal>postgres</literal>
+ process spawns a new server process. The server tasks
+ communicate with each other using <firstterm>semaphores</firstterm> and
<firstterm>shared memory</firstterm> to ensure data integrity
throughout concurrent data access.
</para>
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/backup.sgml,v 2.80 2006/04/23 03:39:48 momjian Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/backup.sgml,v 2.81 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="backup">
<title>Backup and Restore</title>
(mainly because <command>tar</command> and similar tools do not take an
atomic snapshot of the state of the file system at a point in
time). Information about stopping the server can be found in
- <xref linkend="postmaster-shutdown">. Needless to say that you
+ <xref linkend="server-shutdown">. Needless to say that you
also need to shut down the server before restoring the data.
</para>
</listitem>
</para>
<para>
- It is also possible to make a backup dump while the postmaster is
+ It is also possible to make a backup dump while the server is
stopped. In this case, you obviously cannot use
<function>pg_start_backup</> or <function>pg_stop_backup</>, and
you will therefore be left to your own devices to keep track of which
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
- Stop the postmaster, if it's running.
+ Stop the server, if it's running.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- Start the postmaster. The postmaster will go into recovery mode and
+ Start the server. The server will go into recovery mode and
proceed to read through the archived WAL files it needs. Upon completion
- of the recovery process, the postmaster will rename
+ of the recovery process, the server will rename
<filename>recovery.conf</> to <filename>recovery.done</> (to prevent
accidentally re-entering recovery mode in case of a crash later) and then
commence normal database operations.
cd ~/postgresql-&version;
gmake install
initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
-postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
+postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
psql -f backup postgres
</programlisting>
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/client-auth.sgml,v 1.90 2006/06/16 15:16:16 momjian Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/client-auth.sgml,v 1.91 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="client-authentication">
<title>Client Authentication</title>
<para>
The <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> file is read on start-up and when
- the main server process (<command>postmaster</>) receives a
+ the main server process receives a
<systemitem>SIGHUP</systemitem><indexterm><primary>SIGHUP</primary></indexterm>
signal. If you edit the file on an
- active system, you will need to signal the <command>postmaster</>
+ active system, you will need to signal the server
(using <literal>pg_ctl reload</> or <literal>kill -HUP</>) to make it
re-read the file.
</para>
<para>
The <filename>pg_ident.conf</filename> file is read on start-up and
- when the main server process (<command>postmaster</>) receives a
+ when the main server process receives a
<systemitem>SIGHUP</systemitem><indexterm><primary>SIGHUP</primary></indexterm>
signal. If you edit the file on an
- active system, you will need to signal the <command>postmaster</>
+ active system, you will need to signal the server
(using <literal>pg_ctl reload</> or <literal>kill -HUP</>) to make it
re-read the file.
</para>
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml,v 1.64 2006/06/16 12:47:49 momjian Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml,v 1.65 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter Id="runtime-config">
<title>Server Configuration</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>SIGHUP</primary>
</indexterm>
- The configuration file is reread whenever the
- <command>postmaster</command> process receives a
+ The configuration file is reread whenever the main server process receives a
<systemitem>SIGHUP</> signal (which is most easily sent by means
- of <literal>pg_ctl reload</>). The <command>postmaster</command>
+ of <literal>pg_ctl reload</>). The main server process
also propagates this signal to all currently running server
processes so that existing sessions also get the new
value. Alternatively, you can send the signal to a single server
<para>
A second way to set these configuration parameters is to give them
- as a command line option to the <command>postmaster</command>, such as:
+ as a command-line option to the <command>postgres</command> command, such as:
<programlisting>
-postmaster -c log_connections=yes -c log_destination='syslog'
+postgres -c log_connections=yes -c log_destination='syslog'
</programlisting>
Command-line options override any conflicting settings in
<filename>postgresql.conf</filename>. Note that this means you won't
and <xref linkend="sql-alterdatabase" endterm="sql-alterdatabase-title">,
respectively, are used to configure these settings. Per-database
settings override anything received from the
- <command>postmaster</command> command-line or the configuration
+ <command>postgres</command> command-line or the configuration
file, and in turn are overridden by per-user settings; both are
overridden by per-session settings.
</para>
<para>
Specifies the main server configuration file
(customarily called <filename>postgresql.conf</>).
- This parameter can only be set on the postmaster command line.
+ This parameter can only be set on the postgres command line.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the name of an additional process-id (PID) file that the
- <application>postmaster</> should create for use by server
- administration programs.
+ server should create for use by server administration programs.
This parameter can only be set at server start.
</para>
</listitem>
<para>
If you wish to keep the configuration files elsewhere than the
- data directory, the postmaster's <option>-D</option>
+ data directory, the postgres <option>-D</option>
command-line option or <envar>PGDATA</envar> environment variable
must point to the directory containing the configuration files,
and the <varname>data_directory</> parameter must be set in
individually using the parameters <varname>config_file</>,
<varname>hba_file</> and/or <varname>ident_file</>.
<varname>config_file</> can only be specified on the
- <command>postmaster</command> command line, but the others can be
+ <command>postgres</command> command line, but the others can be
set within the main configuration file. If all three parameters plus
<varname>data_directory</> are explicitly set, then it is not necessary
to specify <option>-D</option> or <envar>PGDATA</envar>.
<para>
When setting any of these parameters, a relative path will be interpreted
- with respect to the directory in which the <command>postmaster</command>
+ with respect to the directory in which <command>postgres</command>
is started.
</para>
</sect1>
below - anything else that looks like an escape is ignored. Other
characters are copied straight to the log line. Some escapes are
only recognized by session processes, and do not apply to
- background processes such as the
postmaster. <application>Syslog</>
+ background processes such as the
main server process. <application>Syslog</>
produces its own
time stamp and process ID information, so you probably do not want to
use those escapes if you are using <application>syslog</>.
<para>
Only superusers can change this setting, because it affects the
- messages sent to the postmaster log as well as to the client.
+ messages sent to the server log as well as to the client.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml,v 1.167 2006/04/23 03:39:49 momjian Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml,v 1.168 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="datatype">
<title id="datatype-title">Data Types</title>
<listitem>
<para>
If <varname>timezone</> is not specified in
- <filename>postgresql.conf</> nor as a postmaster command-line switch,
+ <filename>postgresql.conf</> nor as a server command-line option,
the server attempts to use the value of the <envar>TZ</envar>
environment variable as the default time zone. If <envar>TZ</envar>
is not defined or is not any of the time zone names known to
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml,v 1.321 2006/06/15 17:52:48 momjian Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml,v 1.322 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="functions">
<title>Functions and Operators</title>
<row>
<entry><literal><function>pg_postmaster_start_time</function>()</literal></entry>
<entry><type>timestamp with time zone</type></entry>
- <entry><command>postmaster</> start time</entry>
+ <entry>server start time</entry>
</row>
<row>
<para>
<function>pg_postmaster_start_time</function> returns the
<type>timestamp with time zone</type> when the
- <command>postmaster</> started.
+ server started.
</para>
<indexterm zone="functions-info">
<para>
<function>pg_reload_conf</> sends a <systemitem>SIGHUP</> signal
- to the <application>postmaster</>, causing the configuration files
+ to the server, causing the configuration files
to be reloaded by all server processes.
</para>
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/installation.sgml,v 1.257 2006/06/16 15:16:16 momjian Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/installation.sgml,v 1.258 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="installation">
<title><![%standalone-include[<productname>PostgreSQL</>]]>
chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data
su - postgres
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
-/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data >logfile 2>&1 &
+/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data >logfile 2>&1 &
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb test
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql test
</synopsis>
(which you already have if you are upgrading).
<programlisting>
<userinput>/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</>
-<userinput>/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</>
+<userinput>/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</>
</programlisting>
Finally, restore your data with
<screen>
database server. Do so now. The command should look something
like
<programlisting>
-/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
+/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
</programlisting>
This will start the server in the foreground. To put the server
in the background use something like
<programlisting>
-nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data \
+nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data \
</dev/null >>server.log 2>&1 </dev/null &
</programlisting>
</para>
kill `cat /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.pid`
</programlisting>
</para>
-
- <para>
- In order to allow TCP/IP connections (rather than only Unix
- domain socket ones) you need to pass the <option>-i</> option to
- <filename>postmaster</>.
- </para>
</step>
<step>
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/maintenance.sgml,v 1.55 2006/04/23 03:39:52 momjian Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/maintenance.sgml,v 1.56 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="maintenance">
<title>Routine Database Maintenance Tasks</title>
administrator recover without data loss, by manually executing the
required <command>VACUUM</> commands. However, since the system will not
execute commands once it has gone into the safety shutdown mode,
- the only way to do this is to stop the postmaster and use a standalone
+ the only way to do this is to stop the server and use a single-user
backend to execute <command>VACUUM</>. The shutdown mode is not enforced
- by a standalone backend. See the <xref linkend="app-postgres"> reference
- page for details about using a standalone backend.
+ by a single-user backend. See the <xref linkend="app-postgres"> reference
+ page for details about using a single-user backend.
</para>
<para>
</para>
<para>
- If you simply direct the <systemitem>stderr</> of the
- <command>postmaster</command> into a
+ If you simply direct the <systemitem>stderr</> of
+ <command>postgres</command> into a
file, you will have log output, but
the only way to truncate the log file is to stop and restart
- the <command>postmaster</command>. This may be OK if you are using
+ the server. This may be OK if you are using
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> in a development environment,
but few production servers would find this behavior acceptable.
</para>
<para>
- A better approach is to send the <command>postmaster</>'s
+ A better approach is to send the server's
<systemitem>stderr</> output to some type of log rotation program.
There is a built-in log rotation program, which you can use by
setting the configuration parameter <literal>redirect_stderr</> to
server software. For example, the <application>rotatelogs</application>
tool included in the <productname>Apache</productname> distribution
can be used with <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. To do this,
- just pipe the <command>postmaster</>'s
+ just pipe the server's
<systemitem>stderr</> output to the desired program.
If you start the server with
<command>pg_ctl</>, then <systemitem>stderr</>
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/manage-ag.sgml,v 2.46 2006/05/04 16:07:28 tgl Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/manage-ag.sgml,v 2.47 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="managing-databases">
<title>Managing Databases</title>
<para>
In order to create a database, the <productname>PostgreSQL</>
server must be up and running (see <xref
- linkend="postmaster-start">).
+ linkend="server-start">).
</para>
<para>
point to each of the non-built-in tablespaces defined in the cluster.
Although not recommended, it is possible to adjust the tablespace
layout by hand by redefining these links. Two warnings: do not do so
- while the postmaster is running; and after you restart the postmaster,
+ while the server is running; and after you restart the server,
update the <structname>pg_tablespace</> catalog to show the new
locations. (If you do not, <literal>pg_dump</> will continue to show
the old tablespace locations.)
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml,v 1.32 2006/05/19 19:08:26 alvherre Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml,v 1.33 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="monitoring">
<title>Monitoring Database Activity</title>
<screen>
$ ps auxww | grep ^postgres
-postgres 960 0.0 1.1 6104 1480 pts/1 SN 13:17 0:00 postmaster -i
+postgres 960 0.0 1.1 6104 1480 pts/1 SN 13:17 0:00 postgres -i
postgres 963 0.0 1.1 7084 1472 pts/1 SN 13:17 0:00 postgres: stats buffer process
postgres 965 0.0 1.1 6152 1512 pts/1 SN 13:17 0:00 postgres: stats collector process
postgres 998 0.0 2.3 6532 2992 pts/1 SN 13:18 0:00 postgres: tgl runbug 127.0.0.1 idle
(The appropriate invocation of <command>ps</> varies across different
platforms, as do the details of what is shown. This example is from a
recent Linux system.) The first process listed here is the
- <application>postmaster</>, the master server process. The command arguments
+ the master server process. The command arguments
shown for it are the same ones given when it was launched. The next two
processes implement the statistics collector, which will be described in
detail in the next section. (These will not be present if you have set
use <command>/usr/ucb/ps</command>, rather than
<command>/bin/ps</command>. You also must use two <option>w</option>
flags, not just one. In addition, your original invocation of the
- <command>postmaster</command> command must have a shorter
+ <command>postgres</command> command must have a shorter
<command>ps</command> status display than that provided by each
server process. If you fail to do all three things, the <command>ps</>
- output for each server process will be the original <command>postmaster</>
+ output for each server process will be the original <command>postgres</>
command line.
</para>
</tip>
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/problems.sgml,v 2.25 2006/03/10 19:10:48 momjian Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/problems.sgml,v 2.26 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $ -->
<sect1 id="bug-reporting">
<title>Bug Reporting Guidelines</title>
<literal>SELECT version();</literal> to
find out the version of the server you are connected to. Most executable
programs also support a <option>--version</option> option; at least
- <literal>postmaster --version</literal> and <literal>psql --version</literal>
+ <literal>postgres --version</literal> and <literal>psql --version</literal>
should work.
If the function or the options do not exist then your version is
more than old enough to warrant an upgrade.
are specifically talking about the backend server, mention that, do not
just say <quote>PostgreSQL crashes</quote>. A crash of a single
backend server process is quite different from crash of the parent
- <quote>postmaster</> process; please don't say <quote>the postmaster
+ <quote>postgres</> process; please don't say <quote>the server
crashed</> when you mean a single backend process went down, nor vice versa.
Also, client programs such as the interactive frontend <quote><application>psql</application></quote>
are completely separate from the backend. Please try to be specific
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml,v 1.64 2006/03/03 19:54:09 tgl Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml,v 1.65 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="protocol">
<title>Frontend/Backend Protocol</title>
this case is effectively synchronous — but it is also possible
for parameter status changes to occur because the administrator
changed a configuration file and then sent the
- <systemitem>SIGHUP</systemitem> signal to the postmaster. Also,
+ <systemitem>SIGHUP</systemitem> signal to the server. Also,
if a <command>SET</command> command is rolled back, an appropriate
ParameterStatus message will be generated to report the current
effective value.
<!--
-$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_database.sgml,v 1.17 2005/10/13 22:44:51 tgl Exp $
+$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_database.sgml,v 1.18 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation
-->
database, the specified value becomes the session default value.
The database-specific default overrides whatever setting is present
in <filename>postgresql.conf</> or has been received from the
- <command>postmaster</command> command line. Only the database
+ <command>postgres</command> command line. Only the database
owner or a superuser can change the session defaults for a
database. Certain variables cannot be set this way, or can only be
set by a superuser.
<!--
-$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_role.sgml,v 1.5 2006/04/25 14:56:04 momjian Exp $
+$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_role.sgml,v 1.6 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation
-->
a specified configuration variable. Whenever the role subsequently
starts a new session, the specified value becomes the session default,
overriding whatever setting is present in <filename>postgresql.conf</>
- or has been received from the <command>postmaster</command> command line.
+ or has been received from the <command>postgres</command> command line.
(For a role without <literal>LOGIN</> privilege, session defaults have
no effect.)
Ordinary roles can change their own session defaults.
<!--
-$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml,v 1.35 2005/06/21 04:02:31 tgl Exp $
+$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml,v 1.36 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation
-->
<command>initdb</command>, but you can avoid writing it by
setting the <envar>PGDATA</envar> environment variable, which
can be convenient since the database server
- (<command>postmaster</command>) can find the database
+ (<command>postgres</command>) can find the database
directory later by the same variable.
</para>
</listitem>
<simplelist type="inline">
<member><xref linkend="app-postgres"></member>
- <member><xref linkend="app-postmaster"></member>
</simplelist>
</refsect1>
<!--
-$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/ipcclean.sgml,v 1.11 2005/01/04 03:58:16 tgl Exp $
+$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/ipcclean.sgml,v 1.12 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation
-->
semaphore sets owned by the current user. It is intended to be
used for cleaning up after a crashed
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server (<xref
- linkend="app-postmaster">). Note that immediately restarting the
+ linkend="app-postgres">). Note that immediately restarting the
server will also clean up shared memory and semaphores, so this
command is of little real utility.
</para>
<para>
This script is a hack, but in the many years since it was written,
no one has come up with an equally effective and portable solution.
- Since the <command>postmaster</command> can now clean up by
+ Since <command>postgres</command> can now clean up by
itself, it is unlikely that <command>ipcclean</command> will be
improved upon in the future.
</para>
<!--
-$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_ctl-ref.sgml,v 1.32 2005/11/04 23:14:02 petere Exp $
+$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_ctl-ref.sgml,v 1.33 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation
-->
<para>
<application>pg_ctl</application> is a utility for starting,
stopping, or restarting the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
- backend server (<xref linkend="app-postmaster">), or displaying the
+ backend server (<xref linkend="app-postgres">), or displaying the
status of a running server. Although the server can be started
manually, <application>pg_ctl</application> encapsulates tasks such
as redirecting log output and properly detaching from the terminal
standard output (not standard error). If no log file is chosen, the
standard output of <application>pg_ctl</application> should be redirected
to a file or piped to another process such as a log rotating program
- like <application>rotatelogs</>; otherwise the <command>postmaster</command>
+ like <application>rotatelogs</>; otherwise <command>postgres</command>
will write its output to the controlling terminal (from the background)
and will not leave the shell's process group.
</para>
<para>
<option>restart</option> mode effectively executes a stop followed
- by a start. This allows changing the <command>postmaster</command>
+ by a start. This allows changing the <command>postgres</command>
command-line options.
</para>
<para>
<option>reload</option> mode simply sends the
- <command>postmaster</command> process a <systemitem>SIGHUP</>
+ <command>postgres</command> process a <systemitem>SIGHUP</>
signal, causing it to reread its configuration files
(<filename>postgresql.conf</filename>,
<filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>, etc.). This allows changing of
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies options to be passed directly to the
- <command>postmaster</command> command.
+ <command>postgres</command> command.
</para>
<para>
The options are usually surrounded by single or double
<term><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">path</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- Specifies the location of the <filename>postmaster</filename>
- executable. By default the <filename>postmaster</filename> executable is taken from the same
+ Specifies the location of the <filename>postgres</filename>
+ executable. By default the <filename>postgres</filename> executable is taken from the same
directory as <command>pg_ctl</command>, or failing that, the hard-wired
installation directory. It is not necessary to use this
option unless you are doing something unusual and get errors
- that the <filename>postmaster</filename> executable was not found.
+ that the <filename>postgres</filename> executable was not found.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>
- For others, see <xref linkend="app-postmaster">.
+ For others, see <xref linkend="app-postgres">.
</para>
</refsect1>
If this file exists in the data directory,
<application>pg_ctl</application> (in <option>start</option>
mode) will pass the contents of the file as options to the
- <command>postmaster</command> command, unless overridden by the
+ <command>postgres</command> command, unless overridden by the
<option>-o</option> option.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If this file exists in the data directory,
<application>pg_ctl</application> (in <option>restart</option> mode)
- will pass the contents of the file as options to the
- <application>postmaster</application>, unless overridden
+ will pass the contents of the file as options to
+ <application>postgres</application>, unless overridden
by the <option>-o</option> option. The contents of this file
are also displayed in <option>status</option> mode.
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl status</userinput>
<computeroutput>
-pg_ctl: postmaster is running (pid: 13718)
+pg_ctl: server is running (pid: 13718)
Command line was:
-/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster '-D' '/usr/local/pgsql/data' '-p' '5433' '-B' '128'
+/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres '-D' '/usr/local/pgsql/data' '-p' '5433' '-B' '128'
</computeroutput>
</screen>
This is the command line that would be invoked in restart mode.
<title>See Also</title>
<para>
- <xref linkend="app-postmaster">
+ <xref linkend="app-postgres">
</para>
</refsect1>
<!--
-$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_resetxlog.sgml,v 1.15 2006/06/03 02:19:24 momjian Exp $
+$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_resetxlog.sgml,v 1.16 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation
-->
server crashed then a lock file may have been left
behind; in that case you can remove the lock file to allow
<command>pg_resetxlog</command> to run. But before you do
- so, make doubly certain that there
- is no <command>postmaster</command> nor any backend server process still alive.
+ so, make doubly certain that there is no server process still alive.
</para>
</refsect1>
<!--
-$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/postgres-ref.sgml,v 1.46 2006/01/05 10:07:44 petere Exp $
+$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/postgres-ref.sgml,v 1.47 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation
-->
-<refentry id="APP-POSTGRES">
+<refentry id="app-postgres">
<refmeta>
- <refentrytitle
id="APP-POSTGRES-TITLE"><application>postgres</application></refentrytitle>
+ <refentrytitle><application>postgres</application></refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo>Application</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>postgres</refname>
- <refpurpose>run a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server in single-user mode</refpurpose>
+ <refpurpose><productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database server</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<indexterm zone="app-postgres">
- <primary>postgres (the program)</primary>
+ <primary>postgres</primary>
</indexterm>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>postgres</command>
<arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>option</></arg>
- <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>database</replaceable></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
- The <command>postgres</command> executable is the actual
- <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server process that processes
- SQL statements. It is normally not called directly; instead a
- <xref linkend="app-postmaster"> multiuser server is started.
- Conceptually, the <command>postmaster</command> starts a new
- <command>postgres</command> process for each connection.
- (<filename>postmaster</filename> and <filename>postgres</filename>
- are in fact the same program, and on most platforms the connection
- process is forked).
+ <command>postgres</command> is the
+ <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database server. In order
+ for a client application to access a database it connects (over a
+ network or locally) to a running <command>postgres</command> process.
+ The <command>postgres</command> instance then starts a separate server
+ process to handle the connection.
</para>
<para>
- If the <command>postgres</command> command is called directly, it
- invokes the server in interactive single-user mode. The primary
- use for this mode is during bootstrapping by <xref
- linkend="app-initdb">. Sometimes it is used for debugging or
- disaster recovery.
- When invoked in interactive mode from the shell, the user can enter
- queries and the results will be printed to the screen, but in a
- form that is more useful for developers than end users. But note
- that running a single-user server is not truly suitable for
- debugging the server since no realistic interprocess communication
- and locking will happen.
+ One <command>postgres</command> instance always manages the data from
+ exactly one database cluster. A database cluster is a collection
+ of databases that is stored at a common file system location (the
+ <quote>data area</quote>). More than one
+ <command>postgres</command> process can run on a system at one
+ time, so long as they use different data areas and different
+ communication ports (see below). When
+ <command>postgres</command> starts it needs to know the location
+ of the data area. The location must be specified by the
+ <option>-D</option> option or the <envar>PGDATA</envar> environment
+ variable; there is no default. Typically, <option>-D</option> or
+ <envar>PGDATA</envar> points directly to the data area directory
+ created by <application>initdb</>. Other possible file layouts are
+ discussed in <xref linkend="runtime-config-file-locations">. A
+ data area is created with <xref linkend="app-initdb">.
</para>
<para>
- When running a stand-alone server, the session user will be set to
- the user with ID 1. This user does not actually have to exist, so
- a stand-alone server can be used to manually recover from certain
+ By default <command>postgres</command> starts in the
+ foreground and prints log messages to the standard error stream. In
+ practical applications the <command>postgres</command>
+ should be started as a background process, perhaps at boot time.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>postgres</command> command can also be called in
+ single-user mode. The primary use for this mode is during
+ bootstrapping by <xref linkend="app-initdb">. Sometimes it is used
+ for debugging or disaster recovery. When invoked in interactive
+ mode from the shell, the user can enter queries and the results
+ will be printed to the screen, but in a form that is more useful
+ for developers than end users. But note that running a single-user
+ server is not truly suitable for debugging the server since no
+ realistic interprocess communication and locking will happen. When
+ running a stand-alone server, the session user will be set to the
+ user with ID 1. This user does not actually have to exist, so a
+ stand-alone server can be used to manually recover from certain
kinds of accidental damage to the system catalogs. Implicit
- superuser powers are granted to the user with ID 1 in stand-alone
+ superuser powers are granted to the user with ID 1 in single-user
mode.
</para>
</refsect1>
- <refsect1>
+ <refsect1 id="app-postgres-options">
<title>Options</title>
<para>
- When <command>postgres</command> is started by a <xref
- linkend="app-postmaster"> then it inherits all options set by the
- latter. In single-user mode, <command>postgres</command> accepts
- all the options that <command>postmaster</command> would accept.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You can avoid having to type these options by setting up a
- configuration file. See <xref linkend="runtime-config"> for details. Some
- (safe) options can also be set from the connecting client in an
- application-dependent way. For example, if the environment
- variable <envar>PGOPTIONS</envar> is set, then
- <application>libpq</>-based clients will pass that string to the
- server, which will interpret it as
+ <command>postgres</command> accepts the following command-line
+ arguments. For a detailed discussion of the options consult <xref
+ linkend="runtime-config">. You can save typing most of these
+ options by setting up a configuration file. Some (safe) options
+ can also be set from the connecting client in an
+ application-dependent way to apply only for that session. For
+ example, if the environment variable <envar>PGOPTIONS</envar> is
+ set, then <application>libpq</>-based clients will pass that
+ string to the server, which will interpret it as
<command>postgres</command> command-line options.
</para>
<refsect2>
<title>General Purpose</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-A 0|1</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Enables run-time assertion checks, which is a debugging aid to
+ detect programming mistakes. This option is only available if
+ assertions were enabled when <productname>PostgreSQL</> was
+ compiled. If so, the default is on.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
- <para>
- The options <option>-A</option>, <option>-B</option>,
- <option>-c</option>, <option>-d</option>, <option>-D</option>,
- <option>-e</option>, <option>-F</option>, <option>-s</option>,
- <option>-S</option>, and <option>--<replaceable>name</></option>
- have the same meanings as with the <xref linkend="app-postmaster">
- except that <literal>-d 0</> prevents the server log level of the
- <command>postmaster</> from being propagated to
- <command>postgres</>. Other <command>postmaster</command>
- options are also accepted but will have no noticeable effect
- because they only apply to the multiuser server mode, namely
- <option>-h</option>, <option>-i</option>, <option>-k</option>,
- <option>-l</option>, and <option>-n</option>.
- </para>
- </refsect2>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-B <replaceable class="parameter">nbuffers</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets the number of shared buffers for use by the server
+ processes. The default value of this parameter is chosen
+ automatically by <application>initdb</application>; refer to <xref
+ linkend="runtime-config-resource-memory"> for more information.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
- <refsect2>
- <title>Options for stand-alone mode</title>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-c <replaceable>name</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets a named run-time parameter. The configuration parameters
+ supported by <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> are
+ described in <xref linkend="runtime-config">. Most of the
+ other command line options are in fact short forms of such a
+ parameter assignment. <option>-c</> can appear multiple times
+ to set multiple parameters.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
- <variablelist>
<varlistentry>
- <term><replaceable class="parameter">database</replaceable></term>
+ <term><option>-d <replaceable>debug-level</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- Specifies the name of the database to be accessed. If it is
- omitted it defaults to the user name.
+ Sets the debug level. The higher this value is set, the more
+ debugging output is written to the server log. Values are
+ from 1 to 5. It is also possible to pass <literal>-d
+ 0</literal> for a specific session, which will prevent the
+ server log level of the <command>postgres</> from being
+ propagated to this session.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><option>-E</option></term>
+ <term><option>-D <replaceable class="parameter">datadir</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- Echo all commands.
+ Specifies the file system location of the data directory or
+ configuration file(s). See
+ <xref linkend="runtime-config-file-locations"> for details.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><option>-j</option></term>
+ <term><option>-e</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- Disables use of newline as a statement delimiter.
+ Sets the default date style to <quote>European</quote>, that is
+ <literal>DMY</> ordering of input date fields. This also causes
+ the day to be printed before the month in certain date output formats.
+ See <xref linkend="datatype-datetime"> for more information.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><option>-r</option> <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></term>
+ <term><option>-F</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Disables <function>fsync</function> calls for improved
+ performance, at the risk of data corruption in the event of a
+ system crash. Specifying this option is equivalent to
+ disabling the <xref linkend="guc-fsync"> configuration
+ parameter. Read the detailed documentation before using this!
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <option>--fsync=true</option> has the opposite effect
+ of this option.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-h <replaceable class="parameter">hostname</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Specifies the IP host name or address on which
+ <command>postgres</command> is to listen for TCP/IP
+ connections from client applications. The value can also be a
+ comma-separated list of addresses, or <literal>*</> to specify
+ listening on all available interfaces. An empty value
+ specifies not listening on any IP addresses, in which case
+ only Unix-domain sockets can be used to connect to the
+ <command>postgres</command>. Defaults to listening only on
+ <systemitem class="systemname">localhost</systemitem>.
+ Specifying this option is equivalent to setting the <xref
+ linkend="guc-listen-addresses"> configuration parameter.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-i</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Allows remote clients to connect via TCP/IP (Internet domain)
+ connections. Without this option, only local connections are
+ accepted. This option is equivalent to setting
+ <varname>listen_addresses</> to <literal>*</> in
+ <filename>postgresql.conf</> or via <option>-h</>.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ This option is deprecated since it does not allow access to the
+ full functionality of <xref linkend="guc-listen-addresses">.
+ It's usually better to set <varname>listen_addresses</> directly.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-k <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Specifies the directory of the Unix-domain socket on which
+ <command>postgres</command> is to listen for
+ connections from client applications. The default is normally
+ <filename>/tmp</filename>, but can be changed at build time.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-l</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Enables secure connections using <acronym>SSL</acronym>.
+ <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> must have been compiled with
+ support for <acronym>SSL</acronym> for this option to be
+ available. For more information on using <acronym>SSL</acronym>,
+ refer to <xref linkend="ssl-tcp">.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-N <replaceable class="parameter">max-connections</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- Send all server log output to
- <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable>.
- If <command>postgres</command> is running under the
- <command>postmaster</command>, this option is ignored,
- and the <systemitem>stderr</> inherited from the
- <command>postmaster</command> is used.
+ Sets the maximum number of client connections that this
+ <command>postgres</command> will accept. By
+ default, this value is 32, but it can be set as high as your
+ system will support. (Note that
+ <option>-B</option> is required to be at least twice
+ <option>-N</option>. See <xref linkend="kernel-resources"> for a discussion of
+ system resource requirements for large numbers of client
+ connections.) Specifying this option is equivalent to setting the
+ <xref linkend="guc-max-connections"> configuration parameter.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-o <replaceable class="parameter">extra-options</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The command line-style options specified in <replaceable
+ class="parameter">extra-options</replaceable> are passed to
+ all server processes started by this
+ <command>postgres</command>. If the option string contains
+ any spaces, the entire string must be quoted.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The use of this option is obsolete; all command-line options
+ for server processes can be specified directly on the
+ <command>postgres</command> command line
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Specifies the TCP/IP port or local Unix domain socket file
+ extension on which <command>postgres</command>
+ is to listen for connections from client applications.
+ Defaults to the value of the <envar>PGPORT</envar> environment
+ variable, or if <envar>PGPORT</envar> is not set, then
+ defaults to the value established during compilation (normally
+ 5432). If you specify a port other than the default port,
+ then all client applications must specify the same port using
+ either command-line options or <envar>PGPORT</envar>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-s</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Print time information and other statistics at the end of each command.
+ This is useful for benchmarking or for use in tuning the number of
+ buffers.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-S</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Specifies that the <command>postgres</command>
+ process should start up in silent mode. That is, it will
+ disassociate from the user's (controlling) terminal, start its
+ own process group, and redirect its standard output and
+ standard error to <filename>/dev/null</filename>.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Using this switch discards all logging output, which is
+ probably not what you want, since it makes it very difficult
+ to troubleshoot problems. See below for a better way to start
+ <command>postgres</command> in the background.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <option>--silent-mode=false</option> has the opposite effect
+ of this option.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--<replaceable>name</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets a named run-time parameter; a shorter form of
+ <option>-c</>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--describe-config</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ This option dumps out the server's internal configuration variables,
+ descriptions, and defaults in tab-delimited <command>COPY</> format.
+ It is designed primarily for use by administration tools.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<title>Semi-internal Options</title>
<para>
- The options <option>-f</option>, <option>-O</option>,
- <option>-P</option>, <option>-t</option>, and <option>-W</option>
- have the same meanings as with the <xref
- linkend="app-postmaster"> and are reserved for debugging and
- disaster recovery. Further options for internal use are:
+ There are several other options that may be specified, used
+ mainly for debugging purposes and in some cases to assist with
+ recovery of severely damaged databases. There should be no reason
+ to use them in a production database setup. These are listed
+ here only for the use by <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
+ system developers. Furthermore, any of these options may
+ disappear or change in a future release without notice.
+ </para>
<variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-f</option> <literal>{ s | i | m | n | h }</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Forbids the use of particular scan and join methods:
+ <literal>s</literal> and <literal>i</literal>
+ disable sequential and index scans respectively, while
+ <literal>n</literal>, <literal>m</literal>, and <literal>h</literal>
+ disable nested-loop, merge and hash joins respectively.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Neither sequential scans nor nested-loop joins can be disabled
+ completely; the <literal>-fs</literal> and
+ <literal>-fn</literal> options simply discourage the optimizer
+ from using those plan types if it has any other alternative.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-n</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ This option is for debugging problems that cause a server
+ process to die abnormally. The ordinary strategy in this
+ situation is to notify all other server processes that they
+ must terminate and then reinitialize the shared memory and
+ semaphores. This is because an errant server process could
+ have corrupted some shared state before terminating. This
+ option specifies that <command>postgres</command> will
+ not reinitialize shared data structures. A knowledgeable
+ system programmer can then use a debugger to examine shared
+ memory and semaphore state.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-O</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Allows the structure of system tables to be modified. This is
+ used by <command>initdb</command>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-P</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Ignore system indexes when reading system tables (but still update
+ the indexes when modifying the tables). This is useful when
+ recovering from damaged system indexes.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-t</option> <literal>pa[rser] | pl[anner] | e[xecutor]</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Print timing statistics for each query relating to each of the
+ major system modules. This option cannot be used together
+ with the <option>-s</option> option.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-T</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ This option is for debugging problems that cause a server
+ process to die abnormally. The ordinary strategy in this
+ situation is to notify all other server processes that they
+ must terminate and then reinitialize the shared memory and
+ semaphores. This is because an errant server process could
+ have corrupted some shared state before terminating. This
+ option specifies that <command>postgres</command> will
+ stop all other server processes by sending the signal
+ <literal>SIGSTOP</literal>, but will not cause them to
+ terminate. This permits system programmers to collect core
+ dumps from all server processes by hand.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-v</option> <replaceable class="parameter">protocol</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the version number of the frontend/backend protocol
- to be used for this particular session.
+ to be used for a particular session. This option is for
+ internal use only.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><option>-y</option> <replaceable class="parameter">database</replaceable></term>
+ <term><option>-W</option> <replaceable class="parameter">seconds</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- Indicates that this process has been started by a
- <command>postmaster</command> and specifies the database to use.
- etc.
+ A delay of this many seconds occurs when a new server process
+ is started, after it conducts the authentication procedure.
+ This is intended to give an opportunity to attach to the
+ server process with a debugger.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><option>--describe-config</option></term>
+ <term><option>-y</option> <replaceable class="parameter">database</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- This option dumps out the server's internal configuration variables,
- descriptions, and defaults in tab-delimited <command>COPY</> format.
- It is designed primarily for use by administration tools.
+ Indicates that this is a subprocess started by
+ <command>postgres</command> and specifies the database to
+ use. This option is for internal use only.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Options for single-user mode</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following options only apply to the single-user mode.
</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--single</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Selects the single-user mode. This must be the first argument
+ on the command line.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><replaceable class="parameter">database</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Specifies the name of the database to be accessed. If it is
+ omitted it defaults to the user name.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-E</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Echo all commands.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-j</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Disables use of newline as a statement delimiter.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-r</option> <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Send all server log output to <replaceable
+ class="parameter">filename</replaceable>. In normal multiuser
+ mode, this option is ignored, and <systemitem>stderr</> is
+ used by all processes.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
</refsect2>
</refsect1>
<title>Environment</title>
<variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><envar>PGCLIENTENCODING</envar></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Default character encoding used by clients. (The clients may
+ override this individually.) This value can also be set in the
+ configuration file.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><envar>PGDATA</envar></term>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><envar>PGDATESTYLE</envar></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Default value of the <xref linkend="guc-datestyle"> run-time
+ parameter. (The use of this environment variable is deprecated.)
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><envar>PGPORT</envar></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Default port (preferably set in the configuration file)
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><envar>TZ</envar></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Server time zone
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Diagnostics</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A failure message mentioning <literal>semget</> or
+ <literal>shmget</> probably indicates you need to configure your
+ kernel to provide adequate shared memory and semaphores. For more
+ discussion see <xref linkend="kernel-resources">. You may be able
+ to postpone reconfiguring your kernel by decreasing <xref
+ linkend="guc-shared-buffers"> to reduce the shared memory
+ consumption of <productname>PostgreSQL</>, and/or by reducing
+ <xref linkend="guc-max-connections"> to reduce the semaphore
+ consumption.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A failure message suggesting that another server is already running
+ should be checked carefully, for example by using the command
+<screen>
+<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>ps ax | grep postgres</userinput>
+</screen>
+ or
+<screen>
+<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>ps -ef | grep postgres</userinput>
+</screen>
+ depending on your system. If you are certain that no conflicting
+ server is running, you may remove the lock file mentioned in the
+ message and try again.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A failure message indicating inability to bind to a port may
+ indicate that that port is already in use by some
+ non-<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> process. You may also
+ get this error if you terminate <command>postgres</command>
+ and immediately restart it using the same port; in this case, you
+ must simply wait a few seconds until the operating system closes
+ the port before trying again. Finally, you may get this error if
+ you specify a port number that your operating system considers to
+ be reserved. For example, many versions of Unix consider port
+ numbers under 1024 to be <quote>trusted</quote> and only permit
+ the Unix superuser to access them.
+ </para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
<refsect1>
<title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If at all possible, <emphasis>do not</emphasis> use
+ <literal>SIGKILL</literal> to kill the main
+ <command>postgres</command> server. Doing so will prevent
+ <command>postgres</command> from freeing the system
+ resources (e.g., shared memory and semaphores) that it holds before
+ terminating. This may cause problems for starting a fresh
+ <command>postgres</command> run.
+ </para>
<para>
- To cancel a running query, send the <literal>SIGINT</literal> signal
- to the <command>postgres</command> process running that command.
+ To terminate the <command>postgres</command> server normally, the
+ signals <literal>SIGTERM</literal>, <literal>SIGINT</literal>, or
+ <literal>SIGQUIT</literal> can be used. The first will wait for
+ all clients to terminate before quitting, the second will
+ forcefully disconnect all clients, and the third will quit
+ immediately without proper shutdown, resulting in a recovery run
+ during restart. The <literal>SIGHUP</literal> signal will reload
+ the server configuration files. It is also possible to send
+ <literal>SIGHUP</literal> to an individual server process, but that
+ is usually not sensible.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The utility command <xref linkend="app-pg-ctl"> can be used to
+ start and shut down the <command>postgres</command> server
+ safely and comfortably.
</para>
<para>
- To tell <command>postgres</command> to reload the configuration files,
- send a <literal>SIGHUP</literal> signal. Normally it's best to
- <literal>SIGHUP</literal> the <command>postmaster</command> instead;
- the <command>postmaster</command> will in turn <literal>SIGHUP</literal>
- each of its children. But in some cases it might be desirable to have only
- one <command>postgres</command> process reload the configuration files.
+ To cancel a running query, send the <literal>SIGINT</literal> signal
+ to the process running that command.
</para>
<para>
- The <command>postmaster</command> uses <literal>SIGTERM</literal>
- to tell a <command>postgres</command> process to quit normally and
+ The <command>postgres</command> server uses <literal>SIGTERM</literal>
+ to tell subordinate server processes to quit normally and
<literal>SIGQUIT</literal> to terminate without the normal cleanup.
- These signals <emphasis>should not</emphasis> be used by users. It is also
- unwise to send <literal>SIGKILL</literal> to a <command>postgres</command>
- process — the <command>postmaster</command> will interpret this as
- a crash in <command>postgres</command>, and will force all the sibling
- <command>postgres</command> processes to quit as part of its standard
- crash-recovery procedure.
+ These signals <emphasis>should not</emphasis> be used by users. It
+ is also unwise to send <literal>SIGKILL</literal> to a server
+ process — the main <command>postgres</command> process will
+ interpret this as a crash and will force all the sibling processes
+ to quit as part of its standard crash-recovery procedure.
</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1 id="app-postgres-bugs">
+ <title>Bugs</title>
+ <para>
+ The <option>--</> options will not work on <systemitem
+ class="osname">FreeBSD</> or <systemitem class="osname">OpenBSD</>.
+ Use <option>-c</> instead. This is a bug in the affected operating
+ systems; a future release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
+ will provide a workaround if this is not fixed.
+ </para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Usage</title>
<para>
- Start a stand-alone server with a command like
+ To start a single-user mode server, use a command like
<screen>
-<userinput>postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data <replaceable>other-options</> my_database</userinput>
+<userinput>postgres --single -D /usr/local/pgsql/data <replaceable>other-options</> my_database</userinput>
</screen>
Provide the correct path to the database directory with <option>-D</>, or
make sure that the environment variable <envar>PGDATA</> is set.
</para>
<para>
- Normally, the stand-alone server treats newline as the command
+ Normally, the single-user mode server treats newline as the command
entry terminator; there is no intelligence about semicolons,
as there is in <application>psql</>. To continue a command
across multiple lines, you must type backslash just before each
</para>
<para>
- Note that the stand-alone server does not provide sophisticated
+ Note that the single-user mode server does not provide sophisticated
line-editing features (no command history, for example).
</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1 id="app-postgres-examples">
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <para>
+ To start <command>postgres</command> in the background
+ using default values, type:
+
+<screen>
+<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nohup postgres >logfile 2>&1 </dev/null &</userinput>
+</screen>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To start <command>postgres</command> with a specific
+ port:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>postgres -p 1234</userinput>
+</screen>
+ This command will start up <command>postgres</command>
+ communicating through the port 1234. In order to connect to this
+ <command>postgres</command> using <application>psql</>, you would need to
+ run it as
+<screen>
+<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>psql -p 1234</userinput>
+</screen>
+ or set the environment variable <envar>PGPORT</envar>:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>export PGPORT=1234</userinput>
+<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>psql</userinput>
+</screen>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Named run-time parameters can be set in either of these styles:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>postgres -c work_mem=1234</userinput>
+<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>postgres --work-mem=1234</userinput>
+</screen>
+ Either form overrides whatever setting might exist for
+ <varname>work_mem</> in <filename>postgresql.conf</>. Notice that
+ underscores in parameter names can be written as either underscore
+ or dash on the command line. Except for short-term experiments,
+ it's probably better practice to edit the setting in
+ <filename>postgresql.conf</> than to rely on a command-line switch
+ to set a parameter.
+ </para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<para>
<xref linkend="app-initdb">,
- <xref linkend="app-ipcclean">,
- <xref linkend="app-postmaster">
+ <xref linkend="app-pg-ctl">
</para>
</refsect1>
-
</refentry>
-
-<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
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<!--
-$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/postmaster.sgml,v 1.56 2006/01/06 01:35:09 tgl Exp $
+$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/postmaster.sgml,v 1.57 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation
-->
<refnamediv>
<refname id="postmaster-ref">postmaster</refname>
- <refpurpose><productname>PostgreSQL</productname> multiuser database server</refpurpose>
+ <refpurpose><productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database server</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<indexterm zone="app-postmaster">
<title>Description</title>
<para>
- <command>postmaster</command> is the
- <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> multiuser database server.
- In order for a client application to access a database it connects
- (over a network or locally) to a running
- <command>postmaster</command>. The
- <command>postmaster</command> then starts a separate server
- process (<quote><xref linkend="app-postgres"></quote>) to handle
- the connection. The <command>postmaster</command> also
- manages the communication among server processes.
+ <command>postmaster</command> is a deprecated alias of <command>postgres</command>.
</para>
-
- <para>
- By default the <command>postmaster</command> starts in the
- foreground and prints log messages to the standard error stream. In
- practical applications the <command>postmaster</command>
- should be started as a background process, perhaps at boot time.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- One <command>postmaster</command> always manages the data
- from exactly one database cluster. A database cluster is a
- collection of databases that is stored at a common file system
- location (the <quote>data area</quote>).
- More than one <command>postmaster</command> process can run on a system
- at one time, so long as they use different data areas and different
- communication ports (see below).
- </para>
-
- <para>
- When the <command>postmaster</command> starts it needs
- to know the location of the data area.
- The location must be specified by the <option>-D</option> option
- or the <envar>PGDATA</envar> environment variable; there is no default.
- Typically, <option>-D</option> or <envar>PGDATA</envar> points
- directly to the data area directory created by <application>initdb</>.
- Other possible file layouts are discussed in
- <xref linkend="runtime-config-file-locations">.
- A data area is created with <xref linkend="app-initdb">.
- </para>
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1 id="app-postmaster-options">
- <title>Options</title>
-
- <para>
- <command>postmaster</command> accepts the following
- command line arguments. For a detailed discussion of the options
- consult <xref linkend="runtime-config">. You can save typing most of these
- options by setting up a configuration file.
- </para>
-
- <refsect2>
- <title>General Purpose</title>
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-A 0|1</option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Enables run-time assertion checks, which is a debugging aid to
- detect programming mistakes. This option is only available if
- assertions were enabled when <productname>PostgreSQL</> was
- compiled. If so, the default is on.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-B <replaceable class="parameter">nbuffers</replaceable></option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Sets the number of shared buffers for use by the server
- processes. The default value of this parameter is chosen
- automatically by <application>initdb</application>; refer to <xref
- linkend="runtime-config-resource-memory"> for more information.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-c <replaceable>name</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Sets a named run-time parameter. The configuration parameters
- supported by <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> are
- described in <xref linkend="runtime-config">. Most of the
- other command line options are in fact short forms of such a
- parameter assignment. <option>-c</> can appear multiple times
- to set multiple parameters.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-d <replaceable>debug-level</replaceable></option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Sets the debug level. The higher this value is set, the more
- debugging output is written to the server log. Values are from
- 1 to 5.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-D <replaceable class="parameter">datadir</replaceable></option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Specifies the file system location of the data directory or
- configuration file(s). See
- <xref linkend="runtime-config-file-locations"> for details.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-e</option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Sets the default date style to <quote>European</quote>, that is
- <literal>DMY</> ordering of input date fields. This also causes
- the day to be printed before the month in certain date output formats.
- See <xref linkend="datatype-datetime"> for more information.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-F</option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Disables <function>fsync</function> calls for improved
- performance, at the risk of data corruption in the event of a
- system crash. Specifying this option is equivalent to
- disabling the <xref linkend="guc-fsync"> configuration
- parameter. Read the detailed documentation before using this!
- </para>
-
- <para>
- <option>--fsync=true</option> has the opposite effect
- of this option.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-h <replaceable class="parameter">hostname</replaceable></option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Specifies the IP host name or address on which the
- <command>postmaster</command> is to listen for TCP/IP
- connections from client applications. The value can also be a
- comma-separated list of addresses, or <literal>*</> to specify
- listening on all available interfaces. An empty value
- specifies not listening on any IP addresses, in which case
- only Unix-domain sockets can be used to connect to the
- <command>postmaster</command>. Defaults to listening only on
- <systemitem class="systemname">localhost</systemitem>.
- Specifying this option is equivalent to setting the <xref
- linkend="guc-listen-addresses"> configuration parameter.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-i</option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Allows remote clients to connect via TCP/IP (Internet domain)
- connections. Without this option, only local connections are
- accepted. This option is equivalent to setting
- <varname>listen_addresses</> to <literal>*</> in
- <filename>postgresql.conf</> or via <option>-h</>.
- </para>
- <para>
- This option is deprecated since it does not allow access to the
- full functionality of <xref linkend="guc-listen-addresses">.
- It's usually better to set <varname>listen_addresses</> directly.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-k <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Specifies the directory of the Unix-domain socket on which the
- <command>postmaster</command> is to listen for
- connections from client applications. The default is normally
- <filename>/tmp</filename>, but can be changed at build time.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-l</option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Enables secure connections using <acronym>SSL</acronym>.
- <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> must have been compiled with
- support for <acronym>SSL</acronym> for this option to be
- available. For more information on using <acronym>SSL</acronym>,
- refer to <xref linkend="ssl-tcp">.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-N <replaceable class="parameter">max-connections</replaceable></option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Sets the maximum number of client connections that this
- <command>postmaster</command> will accept. By
- default, this value is 32, but it can be set as high as your
- system will support. (Note that
- <option>-B</option> is required to be at least twice
- <option>-N</option>. See <xref linkend="kernel-resources"> for a discussion of
- system resource requirements for large numbers of client
- connections.) Specifying this option is equivalent to setting the
- <xref linkend="guc-max-connections"> configuration parameter.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-o <replaceable class="parameter">extra-options</replaceable></option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The command line-style options specified in <replaceable
- class="parameter">extra-options</replaceable> are passed to
- all server processes started by this
- <command>postmaster</command>. See <xref
- linkend="app-postgres"> for possibilities. If the option
- string contains any spaces, the entire string must be quoted.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The use of this option is obsolete; all command-line options
- for server processes can be specified directly on the
- <command>postmaster</command> command line
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Specifies the TCP/IP port or local Unix domain socket file
- extension on which the <command>postmaster</command>
- is to listen for connections from client applications.
- Defaults to the value of the <envar>PGPORT</envar> environment
- variable, or if <envar>PGPORT</envar> is not set, then
- defaults to the value established during compilation (normally
- 5432). If you specify a port other than the default port,
- then all client applications must specify the same port using
- either command-line options or <envar>PGPORT</envar>.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-s</option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Print time information and other statistics at the end of each command.
- This is useful for benchmarking or for use in tuning the number of
- buffers.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-S</option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Specifies that the <command>postmaster</command>
- process should start up in silent mode. That is, it will
- disassociate from the user's (controlling) terminal, start its
- own process group, and redirect its standard output and
- standard error to <filename>/dev/null</filename>.
- </para>
- <para>
- Using this switch discards all logging output, which is
- probably not what you want, since it makes it very difficult
- to troubleshoot problems. See below for a better way to start
- the <command>postmaster</command> in the background.
- </para>
- <para>
- <option>--silent-mode=false</option> has the opposite effect
- of this option.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--<replaceable>name</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Sets a named run-time parameter; a shorter form of
- <option>-c</>.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- </variablelist>
- </refsect2>
-
- <refsect2>
- <title>Semi-internal Options</title>
-
- <para>
- There are several other options that may be specified, used
- mainly for debugging purposes and in some cases to assist with
- recovery of severely damaged databases. There should be no reason
- to use them in a production database setup. These are listed
- here only for the use by <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
- system developers. <emphasis>Use of any of these options is
- highly discouraged.</emphasis> Furthermore, any of these options
- may disappear or change in a future release without notice.
- </para>
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-f</option> <literal>{ s | i | m | n | h }</literal></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Forbids the use of particular scan and join methods:
- <literal>s</literal> and <literal>i</literal>
- disable sequential and index scans respectively, while
- <literal>n</literal>, <literal>m</literal>, and <literal>h</literal>
- disable nested-loop, merge and hash joins respectively.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Neither sequential scans nor nested-loop joins can be disabled
- completely; the <literal>-fs</literal> and
- <literal>-fn</literal> options simply discourage the optimizer
- from using those plan types if it has any other alternative.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-n</option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- This option is for debugging problems that cause a server
- process to die abnormally. The ordinary strategy in this
- situation is to notify all other server processes that they
- must terminate and then reinitialize the shared memory and
- semaphores. This is because an errant server process could
- have corrupted some shared state before terminating. This
- option specifies that the <command>postmaster</command> will
- not reinitialize shared data structures. A knowledgeable
- system programmer can then use a debugger to examine shared
- memory and semaphore state.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-O</option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Allows the structure of system tables to be modified. This is
- used by <command>initdb</command>.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-P</option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Ignore system indexes when reading system tables (but still update
- the indexes when modifying the tables). This is useful when
- recovering from damaged system indexes.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-t</option> <literal>pa[rser] | pl[anner] | e[xecutor]</literal></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Print timing statistics for each query relating to each of the
- major system modules. This option cannot be used together
- with the <option>-s</option> option.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-T</option></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- This option is for debugging problems that cause a server
- process to die abnormally. The ordinary strategy in this
- situation is to notify all other server processes that they
- must terminate and then reinitialize the shared memory and
- semaphores. This is because an errant server process could
- have corrupted some shared state before terminating. This
- option specifies that the <command>postmaster</command> will
- stop all other server processes by sending the signal
- <literal>SIGSTOP</literal>, but will not cause them to
- terminate. This permits system programmers to collect core
- dumps from all server processes by hand.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-W</option> <replaceable class="parameter">seconds</replaceable></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- A delay of this many seconds occurs when a new server process
- is started, after it conducts the authentication procedure.
- This is intended to give an opportunity to attach to the
- server process with a debugger.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
- </refsect2>
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>Environment</title>
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><envar>PGCLIENTENCODING</envar></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Default character encoding used by clients. (The clients may
- override this individually.) This value can also be set in the
- configuration file.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><envar>PGDATA</envar></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Default data directory location
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><envar>PGDATESTYLE</envar></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Default value of the <xref linkend="guc-datestyle"> run-time
- parameter. (The use of this environment variable is deprecated.)
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><envar>PGPORT</envar></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Default port (preferably set in the configuration file)
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><envar>TZ</envar></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Server time zone
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- </variablelist>
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>Diagnostics</title>
-
- <para>
- A failure message mentioning <literal>semget</> or <literal>shmget</>
- probably indicates you need to configure your kernel to provide adequate
- shared memory and semaphores. For more discussion see <xref
- linkend="kernel-resources">.
- </para>
-
- <tip>
- <para>
- You may be able to postpone reconfiguring your kernel by
- decreasing <xref linkend="guc-shared-buffers"> to reduce the
- shared memory consumption of <productname>PostgreSQL</>, and/or
- by reducing <xref linkend="guc-max-connections"> to reduce the
- semaphore consumption.
- </para>
- </tip>
-
- <para>
- A failure message suggesting that another postmaster is already running
- should be checked carefully, for example by using the command
-<screen>
-<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>ps ax | grep postmaster</userinput>
-</screen>
- or
-<screen>
-<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>ps -ef | grep postmaster</userinput>
-</screen>
- depending on your system. If you are certain that no conflicting
- postmaster is running, you may remove the lock file mentioned in the
- message and try again.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- A failure message indicating inability to bind to a port may
- indicate that that port is already in use by some
- non-<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> process. You may also
- get this error if you terminate the <command>postmaster</command>
- and immediately restart it using the same port; in this case, you
- must simply wait a few seconds until the operating system closes
- the port before trying again. Finally, you may get this error if
- you specify a port number that your operating system considers to
- be reserved. For example, many versions of Unix consider port
- numbers under 1024 to be <quote>trusted</quote> and only permit
- the Unix superuser to access them.
- </para>
-
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>Notes</title>
-
- <para>
- If at all possible, <emphasis>do not</emphasis> use
- <literal>SIGKILL</literal> to kill the
- <command>postmaster</command>. Doing so will prevent
- <command>postmaster</command> from freeing the system
- resources (e.g., shared memory and semaphores) that it holds before
- terminating. This may cause problems for starting a fresh
- <command>postmaster</command> run.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- To terminate the <command>postmaster</command> normally,
- the signals <literal>SIGTERM</literal>, <literal>SIGINT</literal>,
- or <literal>SIGQUIT</literal> can be used. The first will wait for
- all clients to terminate before quitting, the second will
- forcefully disconnect all clients, and the third will quit
- immediately without proper shutdown, resulting in a recovery run
- during restart. The <literal>SIGHUP</literal> signal will
- reload the server configuration files.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The utility command <xref linkend="app-pg-ctl"> can be used to
- start and shut down the <command>postmaster</command>
- safely and comfortably.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The <option>--</> options will not work on <systemitem
- class="osname">FreeBSD</> or <systemitem class="osname">OpenBSD</>.
- Use <option>-c</> instead. This is a bug in the affected operating
- systems; a future release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
- will provide a workaround if this is not fixed.
- </para>
-
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1 id="app-postmaster-examples">
- <title>Examples</title>
- <para>
- To start <command>postmaster</command> in the background
- using default values, type:
-
-<screen>
-<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nohup postmaster >logfile 2>&1 </dev/null &</userinput>
-</screen>
- </para>
-
- <para>
- To start <command>postmaster</command> with a specific
- port:
-<screen>
-<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>postmaster -p 1234</userinput>
-</screen>
- This command will start up <command>postmaster</command>
- communicating through the port 1234. In order to connect to this
- <command>postmaster</command> using <application>psql</>, you would need to
- run it as
-<screen>
-<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>psql -p 1234</userinput>
-</screen>
- or set the environment variable <envar>PGPORT</envar>:
-<screen>
-<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>export PGPORT=1234</userinput>
-<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>psql</userinput>
-</screen>
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Named run-time parameters can be set in either of these styles:
-<screen>
-<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>postmaster -c work_mem=1234</userinput>
-<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>postmaster --work-mem=1234</userinput>
-</screen>
- Either form overrides whatever setting might exist for <varname>work_mem</>
- in <filename>postgresql.conf</>. Notice that underscores in parameter
- names can be written as either underscore or dash on the command line.
- </para>
-
- <tip>
- <para>
- Except for short-term experiments,
- it's probably better practice to edit the setting in
- <filename>postgresql.conf</> than to rely on a command-line switch
- to set a parameter.
- </para>
- </tip>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<para>
- <xref linkend="app-initdb">,
- <xref linkend="app-pg-ctl">
+ <xref linkend="app-postgres">
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
-
-<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
-Local variables:
-mode: sgml
-sgml-omittag:nil
-sgml-shorttag:t
-sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
-sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
-sgml-indent-step:1
-sgml-indent-data:t
-sgml-parent-document:nil
-sgml-default-dtd-file:"../reference.ced"
-sgml-exposed-tags:nil
-sgml-local-catalogs:"/usr/lib/sgml/catalog"
-sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
-End:
--->
<!--
-$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/reindex.sgml,v 1.29 2005/09/12 16:43:29 tgl Exp $
+$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/reindex.sgml,v 1.30 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation
-->
</para>
<para>
- One way to do this is to shut down the postmaster and start a stand-alone
+ One way to do this is to shut down the server and start a single-user
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server
with the <option>-P</option> option included on its command line.
Then, <command>REINDEX DATABASE</>, <command>REINDEX SYSTEM</>,
issued, depending on how much you want to reconstruct. If in
doubt, use <command>REINDEX SYSTEM</> to select
reconstruction of all system indexes in the database. Then quit
- the standalone server session and restart the regular server.
+ the single-user server session and restart the regular server.
See the <xref linkend="app-postgres"> reference page for more
- information about how to interact with the stand-alone server
+ information about how to interact with the single-user server
interface.
</para>
<!--
-$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/show.sgml,v 1.39 2005/06/14 20:42:52 momjian Exp $
+$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/show.sgml,v 1.40 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation
-->
the <envar>PGOPTIONS</envar> environmental variable (when using
<application>libpq</> or a <application>libpq</>-based
application), or through command-line flags when starting the
- <command>postmaster</command>. See <xref
+ <command>postgres</command>. See <xref
linkend="runtime-config"> for details.
</para>
</refsect1>
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/regress.sgml,v 1.51 2006/04/06 18:54:36 petere Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/regress.sgml,v 1.52 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="regress">
<title id="regress-title">Regression Tests</title>
<![%standalone-ignore;[<xref linkend="guc-max-stack-depth">]]>
<![%standalone-include;[<literal>max_stack_depth</literal>]]>
parameter indicates. This
- can be fixed by running the postmaster under a higher stack
+ can be fixed by running the server under a higher stack
size limit (4MB is recommended with the default value of
<varname>max_stack_depth</>). If you are unable to do that, an
alternative is to reduce the value of <varname>max_stack_depth</>.
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml,v 1.371 2006/04/27 02:29:14 momjian Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml,v 1.372 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter Id="runtime">
<title>Operating System Environment</title>
</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 id="postmaster-start">
+ <sect1 id="server-start">
<title>Starting the Database Server</title>
<para>
Before anyone can access the database, you must start the database
server. The database server program is called
- <command>postmaster</command>.<indexterm><primary>postmaster</></>
- The <command>postmaster</command> must know where to
+ <command>postgres</command>.<indexterm><primary>postgres</></>
+ The <command>postgres</command> program must know where to
find the data it is supposed to use. This is done with the
<option>-D</option> option. Thus, the simplest way to start the
server is:
<screen>
-$ <userinput>postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</userinput>
+$ <userinput>postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</userinput>
</screen>
which will leave the server running in the foreground. This must be
done while logged into the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> user
</para>
<para>
- Normally it is better to start the <command>postmaster</command> in the
+ Normally it is better to start <command>postgres</command> in the
background. For this, use the usual shell syntax:
<screen>
-$ <userinput>postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data >logfile 2>&1 &</userinput>
+$ <userinput>postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data >logfile 2>&1 &</userinput>
</screen>
It is important to store the server's <systemitem>stdout</> and
<systemitem>stderr</> output somewhere, as shown above. It will help
</para>
<para>
- The <command>postmaster</command> also takes a number of other
- command line options. For more information, see the
- <xref linkend="app-postmaster"> reference page
+ The <command>postgres</command> program also takes a number of other
+ command-line options. For more information, see the
+ <xref linkend="app-postgres"> reference page
and <xref linkend="runtime-config"> below.
</para>
</programlisting>
will start the server in the background and put the output into the
named log file. The <option>-D</option> option has the same meaning
- here as in the <command>postmaster</command>. <command>pg_ctl</command>
+ here as for <command>postgres</command>. <command>pg_ctl</command>
is also capable of stopping the server.
</para>
to the file <filename>/etc/rc.local</filename>:
<indexterm><primary>OpenBSD</><secondary>start script</secondary></>
<programlisting>
-if [ -x /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -a -x /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster ]; then
+if [ -x /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -a -x /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres ]; then
su - -c '/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl start -l /var/postgresql/log -s' postgres
echo -n ' postgresql'
fi
</para>
<para>
- While the <command>postmaster</command> is running, its
+ While the server is running, its
<acronym>PID</acronym> is stored in the file
<filename>postmaster.pid</filename> in the data directory. This is
- used to prevent multiple <command>postmaster</command> processes
+ used to prevent multiple server instances from
running in the same data directory and can also be used for
- shutting down the <command>postmaster</command> process.
+ shutting down the server.
</para>
- <sect2 id="postmaster-start-failures">
+ <sect2 id="server-start-failures">
<title>Server Start-up Failures</title>
<para>
FATAL: could not create TCP/IP listen socket
</screen>
This usually means just what it suggests: you tried to start
- another <command>postmaster</command> on the same port where one is already running.
+ another server on the same port where one is already running.
However, if the kernel error message is not <computeroutput>Address
already in use</computeroutput> or some variant of that, there may
- be a different problem. For example, trying to start a <command>postmaster</command>
+ be a different problem. For example, trying to start a server
on a reserved port number may draw something like:
<screen>
-$ <userinput>postmaster -p 666</userinput>
+$ <userinput>postgres -p 666</userinput>
LOG: could not bind IPv4 socket: Permission denied
HINT: Is another postmaster already running on port 666? If not, wait a few seconds and retry.
FATAL: could not create TCP/IP listen socket
<acronym>IPC</> limits, the server will refuse to start and
should leave an instructive error message describing the problem
encountered and what to do about it. (See also <xref
- linkend="postmaster-start-failures">.) The relevant kernel
+ linkend="server-start-failures">.) The relevant kernel
parameters are named consistently across different systems; <xref
linkend="sysvipc-parameters"> gives an overview. The methods to set
them, however, vary. Suggestions for some platforms are given below.
optimal for <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. Because of the
way that the kernel implements memory overcommit, the kernel may
terminate the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server (the
- <filename>postmaster</filename> process) if the memory demands of
+ master server process) if the memory demands of
another process cause the system to run out of virtual memory.
</para>
this (consult your system documentation and configuration on where
to look for such a message):
<programlisting>
-Out of Memory: Killed process 12345 (postmaster).
+Out of Memory: Killed process 12345 (postgres).
</programlisting>
- This indicates that the <filename>postmaster</filename> process
+ This indicates that the <filename>postgres</filename> process
has been terminated due to memory pressure.
Although existing database connections will continue to function
normally, no new connections will be accepted. To recover,
</sect1>
- <sect1 id="postmaster-shutdown">
+ <sect1 id="server-shutdown">
<title>Shutting Down the Server</title>
- <indexterm zone="postmaster-shutdown">
+ <indexterm zone="server-shutdown">
<primary>shutdown</>
</indexterm>
<para>
There are several ways to shut down the database server. You control
- the type of shutdown by sending different signals to the
- <command>postmaster</command> process.
+ the type of shutdown by sending different signals to the master
+ <command>postgres</command> process.
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<listitem>
<para>
This is the <firstterm>Immediate Shutdown</firstterm>, which
- will cause the <command>postmaster</command> process to send a
+ will cause the master <command>postgres</command> process to send a
<systemitem>SIGQUIT</systemitem> to all child processes and exit
immediately, without properly shutting itself down. The child processes
likewise exit immediately upon receiving
<para>
Alternatively, you can send the signal directly using <command>kill</>.
- The <acronym>PID</> of the <command>postmaster</command> process can be
+ The <acronym>PID</> of the <command>postgres</command> process can be
found using the <command>ps</command> program, or from the file
<filename>postmaster.pid</filename> in the data directory. For
example, to do a fast shutdown:
the server. Doing so will prevent the server from releasing
shared memory and semaphores, which may then have to be done
manually before a new server can be started. Furthermore,
- <systemitem>SIGKILL</systemitem> kills the <command>postmaster</command>
+ <systemitem>SIGKILL</systemitem> kills the <command>postgres</command>
process without letting it relay the signal to its subprocesses,
so it will be necessary to kill the individual subprocesses by hand as
well.
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/start.sgml,v 1.40 2006/03/10 19:10:49 momjian Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/start.sgml,v 1.41 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="tutorial-start">
<title>Getting Started</title>
connections to the database from client applications, and
performs actions on the database on behalf of the clients. The
database server program is called
- <filename>postmaster</filename>.
- <indexterm><primary>postmaster</primary></indexterm>
+ <filename>postgres</filename>.
+ <indexterm><primary>postgres</primary></indexterm>
</para>
</listitem>
starts (<quote>forks</quote>) a new process for each connection.
From that point on, the client and the new server process
communicate without intervention by the original
- <filename>postmaster</filename> process. Thus, the
- <filename>postmaster</filename> is always running, waiting for
+ <filename>postgres</filename> process. Thus, the
+ master server process is always running, waiting for
client connections, whereas client and associated server processes
come and go. (All of this is of course invisible to the user. We
only mention it here for completeness.)
-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/storage.sgml,v 1.10 2006/04/23 03:39:52 momjian Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/storage.sgml,v 1.11 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="storage">
directory, commonly referred to as <varname>PGDATA</> (after the name of the
environment variable that can be used to define it). A common location for
<varname>PGDATA</> is <filename>/var/lib/pgsql/data</>. Multiple clusters,
-managed by different postmasters, can exist on the same machine.
+managed by different server instances, can exist on the same machine.
</para>
<para>
<row>
<entry><filename>postmaster.opts</></entry>
- <entry>A file recording the command-line options the postmaster was
+ <entry>A file recording the command-line options the server was
last started with</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><filename>postmaster.pid</></entry>
- <entry>A lock file recording the current postmaster PID and shared memory
-segment ID (not present after postmaster shutdown)</entry>
+ <entry>A lock file recording the current server PID and shared memory
+segment ID (not present after server shutdown)</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
#
# Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
#
-# $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/Makefile,v 1.114 2006/01/05 01:56:29 momjian Exp $
+# $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/Makefile,v 1.115 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-PGFILEDESC = "PostgreSQL Database Backend"
+PGFILEDESC = "PostgreSQL Server"
subdir = src/backend
top_builddir = ../..
include $(top_builddir)/src/Makefile.global
* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
*
* IDENTIFICATION
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/bootstrap/bootstrap.c,v 1.216 2006/06/08 23:55:48 tgl Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/bootstrap/bootstrap.c,v 1.217 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
#define ALLOC(t, c) ((t *) calloc((unsigned)(c), sizeof(t)))
-static void usage(void);
static void bootstrap_signals(void);
static void ShutdownDummyProcess(int code, Datum arg);
static hashnode *AddStr(char *str, int strlength, int mderef);
if (!IsUnderPostmaster)
InitializeGUCOptions();
- /* Ignore the initial -boot argument, if present */
- if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "-boot") == 0)
+ /* Ignore the initial --boot argument, if present */
+ if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--boot") == 0)
{
argv++;
argc--;
break;
}
default:
- usage();
+ write_stderr("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n",
+ progname);
+ proc_exit(1);
break;
}
}
optind++;
}
if (!dbname || argc != optind)
- usage();
+ {
+ write_stderr("%s: invalid command-line arguments\n", progname);
+ proc_exit(1);
+ }
/*
* Identify myself via ps
* ----------------------------------------------------------------
*/
-/* usage:
- * usage help for the bootstrap backend
- */
-static void
-usage(void)
-{
- fprintf(stderr, _("This is the PostgreSQL bootstrap process.\n\n"));
- fprintf(stderr, _("Usage:\n postgres -boot [OPTION]... DBNAME\n\n"));
- fprintf(stderr, _("Options:\n"));
- fprintf(stderr, _(" -B NBUFFERS number of shared buffers\n"));
- fprintf(stderr, _(" -c NAME=VALUE set run-time parameter\n"));
- fprintf(stderr, _(" -d 1-5 debugging level\n"));
- fprintf(stderr, _(" -D DATADIR database directory\n"));
- fprintf(stderr, _(" -F turn fsync off\n"));
- fprintf(stderr, _(" -r FILENAME send stdout and stderr to given file\n"));
- fprintf(stderr, _(" -x NUM internal use\n"));
-
- proc_exit(1);
-}
-
/*
* Set up signal handling for a bootstrap process
*/
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/main/main.c,v 1.102 2006/06/12 16:17:20 momjian Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/main/main.c,v 1.103 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
#include <sys/proc.h>
#undef ASSEMBLER
#endif
+
#if defined(__NetBSD__)
#include <sys/param.h>
#endif
#include "libpq/pqsignal.h"
#endif
+
const char *progname;
-int
-main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-#ifndef WIN32
- struct passwd *pw;
-#endif
- char *pw_name_persist;
- /*
- * Place platform-specific startup hacks here. This is the right place to
- * put code that must be executed early in launch of either a postmaster,
- * a standalone backend, or a standalone bootstrap run. Note that this
- * code will NOT be executed when a backend or sub-bootstrap run is forked
- * by the postmaster.
- *
- * XXX The need for code here is proof that the platform in question is
- * too brain-dead to provide a standard C execution environment without
- * help. Avoid adding more here, if you can.
- */
+static void startup_hacks(const char *progname);
+static void help(const char *progname);
+static void check_root(const char *progname);
+static char *get_current_username(const char *progname);
-#if defined(__alpha) /* no __alpha__ ? */
-#ifdef NOFIXADE
- int buffer[] = {SSIN_UACPROC, UAC_SIGBUS | UAC_NOPRINT};
-#endif
-#endif /* __alpha */
-#ifdef WIN32
- char *env_locale;
-#endif
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
progname = get_progname(argv[0]);
/*
- * On some platforms, unaligned memory accesses result in a kernel trap;
- * the default kernel behavior is to emulate the memory access, but this
- * results in a significant performance penalty. We ought to fix PG not to
- * make such unaligned memory accesses, so this code disables the kernel
- * emulation: unaligned accesses will result in SIGBUS instead.
- */
-#ifdef NOFIXADE
-
-#if defined(ultrix4)
- syscall(SYS_sysmips, MIPS_FIXADE, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__alpha) /* no __alpha__ ? */
- if (setsysinfo(SSI_NVPAIRS, buffer, 1, (caddr_t) NULL,
- (unsigned long) NULL) < 0)
- write_stderr("%s: setsysinfo failed: %s\n",
- argv[0], strerror(errno));
-#endif
-#endif /* NOFIXADE */
-
-#if defined(WIN32)
- {
- WSADATA wsaData;
- int err;
-
- /* Make output streams unbuffered by default */
- setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
- setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
-
- /* Prepare Winsock */
- err = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
- if (err != 0)
- {
- write_stderr("%s: WSAStartup failed: %d\n",
- argv[0], err);
- exit(1);
- }
-
- /* In case of general protection fault, don't show GUI popup box */
- SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS | SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX);
- }
-#endif
-
- /*
- * Not-quite-so-platform-specific startup environment checks. Still best
- * to minimize these.
+ * Platform-specific startup hacks
*/
+ startup_hacks(progname);
/*
* Remember the physical location of the initially given argv[] array for
set_pglocale_pgservice(argv[0], "postgres");
#ifdef WIN32
-
/*
* Windows uses codepages rather than the environment, so we work around
* that by querying the environment explicitly first for LC_COLLATE and
* LC_CTYPE. We have to do this because initdb passes those values in the
* environment. If there is nothing there we fall back on the codepage.
*/
+ {
+ char *env_locale;
- if ((env_locale = getenv("LC_COLLATE")) != NULL)
- pg_perm_setlocale(LC_COLLATE, env_locale);
- else
- pg_perm_setlocale(LC_COLLATE, "");
+ if ((env_locale = getenv("LC_COLLATE")) != NULL)
+ pg_perm_setlocale(LC_COLLATE, env_locale);
+ else
+ pg_perm_setlocale(LC_COLLATE, "");
- if ((env_locale = getenv("LC_CTYPE")) != NULL)
- pg_perm_setlocale(LC_CTYPE, env_locale);
- else
- pg_perm_setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
+ if ((env_locale = getenv("LC_CTYPE")) != NULL)
+ pg_perm_setlocale(LC_CTYPE, env_locale);
+ else
+ pg_perm_setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
+ }
#else
pg_perm_setlocale(LC_COLLATE, "");
pg_perm_setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
unsetenv("LC_ALL");
/*
- * Skip permission checks if we're just trying to do --help or --version;
- * otherwise root will get unhelpful failure messages from initdb.
+ * Catch standard options before doing much else
*/
- if (!(argc > 1
- && (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 ||
- strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0 ||
- strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 ||
- strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)))
+ if (argc > 1)
{
-#ifndef WIN32
- /*
- * Make sure we are not running as root.
- */
- if (geteuid() == 0)
- {
- write_stderr("\"root\" execution of the PostgreSQL server is not permitted.\n"
- "The server must be started under an unprivileged user ID to prevent\n"
- "possible system security compromise. See the documentation for\n"
- "more information on how to properly start the server.\n");
- exit(1);
- }
-
- /*
- * Also make sure that real and effective uids are the same. Executing
- * Postgres as a setuid program from a root shell is a security hole,
- * since on many platforms a nefarious subroutine could setuid back to
- * root if real uid is root. (Since nobody actually uses Postgres as
- * a setuid program, trying to actively fix this situation seems more
- * trouble than it's worth; we'll just expend the effort to check for
- * it.)
- */
- if (getuid() != geteuid())
+ if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
{
- write_stderr("%s: real and effective user IDs must match\n",
- argv[0]);
- exit(1);
+ help(progname);
+ exit(0);
}
-#else /* WIN32 */
- if (pgwin32_is_admin())
+ if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
{
- write_stderr("Execution of PostgreSQL by a user with administrative permissions is not\n"
- "permitted.\n"
- "The server must be started under an unprivileged user ID to prevent\n"
- "possible system security compromises. See the documentation for\n"
- "more information on how to properly start the server.\n");
- exit(1);
+ puts("postgres (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION);
+ exit(0);
}
-#endif /* !WIN32 */
}
/*
- * Now dispatch to one of PostmasterMain, PostgresMain, GucInfoMain,
- * SubPostmasterMain, or BootstrapMain depending on the program name (and
- * possibly first argument) we were called with. The lack of consistency
- * here is historical.
+ * Make sure we are not running as root.
*/
- if (strcmp(progname, "postmaster") == 0)
- {
- /* Called as "postmaster" */
- exit(PostmasterMain(argc, argv));
- }
+ check_root(progname);
/*
- * If the first argument begins with "-fork", then invoke
- * SubPostmasterMain. This is used for forking postmaster child processes
- * on systems where we can't simply fork.
+ * Dispatch to one of various subprograms depending on first
+ * argument.
*/
+
#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
- if (argc > 1 && strncmp(argv[1], "-fork", 5) == 0)
+ if (argc > 1 && strncmp(argv[1], "--fork", 6) == 0)
exit(SubPostmasterMain(argc, argv));
#endif
#ifdef WIN32
-
/*
* Start our win32 signal implementation
*
pgwin32_signal_initialize();
#endif
- /*
- * If the first argument is "-boot", then invoke bootstrap mode. (This
- * path is taken only for a standalone bootstrap process.)
- */
- if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "-boot") == 0)
+ if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--boot") == 0)
exit(BootstrapMain(argc, argv));
- /*
- * If the first argument is "--describe-config", then invoke runtime
- * configuration option display mode.
- */
if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--describe-config") == 0)
exit(GucInfoMain());
+ if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--single") == 0)
+ exit(PostgresMain(argc, argv, get_current_username(progname)));
+
+ exit(PostmasterMain(argc, argv));
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+ * Place platform-specific startup hacks here. This is the right
+ * place to put code that must be executed early in launch of either a
+ * postmaster, a standalone backend, or a standalone bootstrap run.
+ * Note that this code will NOT be executed when a backend or
+ * sub-bootstrap run is forked by the server.
+ *
+ * XXX The need for code here is proof that the platform in question
+ * is too brain-dead to provide a standard C execution environment
+ * without help. Avoid adding more here, if you can.
+ */
+static void
+startup_hacks(const char *progname)
+{
+#if defined(__alpha) /* no __alpha__ ? */
+#ifdef NOFIXADE
+ int buffer[] = {SSIN_UACPROC, UAC_SIGBUS | UAC_NOPRINT};
+#endif
+#endif /* __alpha */
+
+
+ /*
+ * On some platforms, unaligned memory accesses result in a kernel
+ * trap; the default kernel behavior is to emulate the memory
+ * access, but this results in a significant performance penalty.
+ * We ought to fix PG not to make such unaligned memory accesses,
+ * so this code disables the kernel emulation: unaligned accesses
+ * will result in SIGBUS instead.
+ */
+#ifdef NOFIXADE
+
+#if defined(ultrix4)
+ syscall(SYS_sysmips, MIPS_FIXADE, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__alpha) /* no __alpha__ ? */
+ if (setsysinfo(SSI_NVPAIRS, buffer, 1, (caddr_t) NULL,
+ (unsigned long) NULL) < 0)
+ write_stderr("%s: setsysinfo failed: %s\n",
+ progname, strerror(errno));
+#endif
+
+#endif /* NOFIXADE */
+
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+ {
+ WSADATA wsaData;
+ int err;
+
+ /* Make output streams unbuffered by default */
+ setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
+ setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
+
+ /* Prepare Winsock */
+ err = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
+ if (err != 0)
+ {
+ write_stderr("%s: WSAStartup failed: %d\n",
+ progname, err);
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+ /* In case of general protection fault, don't show GUI popup box */
+ SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS | SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX);
+ }
+#endif /* WIN32 */
+}
+
+
+
+static void
+help(const char *progname)
+{
+ printf(_("%s is the PostgreSQL server.\n\n"), progname);
+ printf(_("Usage:\n %s [OPTION]...\n\n"), progname);
+ printf(_("Options:\n"));
+#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
+ printf(_(" -A 1|0 enable/disable run-time assert checking\n"));
+#endif
+ printf(_(" -B NBUFFERS number of shared buffers\n"));
+ printf(_(" -c NAME=VALUE set run-time parameter\n"));
+ printf(_(" -d 1-5 debugging level\n"));
+ printf(_(" -D DATADIR database directory\n"));
+ printf(_(" -e use European date input format (DMY)\n"));
+ printf(_(" -F turn fsync off\n"));
+ printf(_(" -h HOSTNAME host name or IP address to listen on\n"));
+ printf(_(" -i enable TCP/IP connections\n"));
+ printf(_(" -k DIRECTORY Unix-domain socket location\n"));
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+ printf(_(" -l enable SSL connections\n"));
+#endif
+ printf(_(" -N MAX-CONNECT maximum number of allowed connections\n"));
+ printf(_(" -o OPTIONS pass \"OPTIONS\" to each server process (obsolete)\n"));
+ printf(_(" -p PORT port number to listen on\n"));
+ printf(_(" -s show statistics after each query\n"));
+ printf(_(" -S WORK-MEM set amount of memory for sorts (in kB)\n"));
+ printf(_(" --NAME=VALUE set run-time parameter\n"));
+ printf(_(" --describe-config describe configuration parameters, then exit\n"));
+ printf(_(" --help show this help, then exit\n"));
+ printf(_(" --version output version information, then exit\n"));
+
+ printf(_("\nDeveloper options:\n"));
+ printf(_(" -f s|i|n|m|h forbid use of some plan types\n"));
+ printf(_(" -n do not reinitialize shared memory after abnormal exit\n"));
+ printf(_(" -O allow system table structure changes\n"));
+ printf(_(" -P disable system indexes\n"));
+ printf(_(" -t pa|pl|ex show timings after each query\n"));
+ printf(_(" -T send SIGSTOP to all backend servers if one dies\n"));
+ printf(_(" -W NUM wait NUM seconds to allow attach from a debugger\n"));
+
+ printf(_("\nOptions for single-user mode:\n"));
+ printf(_(" --single selects single-user mode (must be first argument)\n"));
+ printf(_(" DBNAME database name (defaults to user name)\n"));
+ printf(_(" -d 0-5 override debugging level\n"));
+ printf(_(" -E echo statement before execution\n"));
+ printf(_(" -j do not use newline as interactive query delimiter\n"));
+ printf(_(" -r FILENAME send stdout and stderr to given file\n"));
+
+ printf(_("\nOptions for bootstrapping mode:\n"));
+ printf(_(" --boot selects bootstrapping mode (must be first argument)\n"));
+ printf(_(" DBNAME database name (mandatory argument in bootstrapping mode)\n"));
+ printf(_(" -r FILENAME send stdout and stderr to given file\n"));
+ printf(_(" -x NUM internal use\n"));
+
+ printf(_("\nPlease read the documentation for the complete list of run-time\n"
+ "configuration settings and how to set them on the command line or in\n"
+ "the configuration file.\n\n"
+ "Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.\n"));
+}
+
+
+
+static void
+check_root(const char *progname)
+{
+#ifndef WIN32
+ if (geteuid() == 0)
+ {
+ write_stderr("\"root\" execution of the PostgreSQL server is not permitted.\n"
+ "The server must be started under an unprivileged user ID to prevent\n"
+ "possible system security compromise. See the documentation for\n"
+ "more information on how to properly start the server.\n");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
/*
- * Otherwise we're a standalone backend. Invoke PostgresMain, specifying
- * current userid as the "authenticated" Postgres user name.
+ * Also make sure that real and effective uids are the same.
+ * Executing as a setuid program from a root shell is a security
+ * hole, since on many platforms a nefarious subroutine could
+ * setuid back to root if real uid is root. (Since nobody
+ * actually uses postgres as a setuid program, trying to
+ * actively fix this situation seems more trouble than it's worth;
+ * we'll just expend the effort to check for it.)
*/
+ if (getuid() != geteuid())
+ {
+ write_stderr("%s: real and effective user IDs must match\n",
+ progname);
+ exit(1);
+ }
+#else /* WIN32 */
+ if (pgwin32_is_admin())
+ {
+ write_stderr("Execution of PostgreSQL by a user with administrative permissions is not\n"
+ "permitted.\n"
+ "The server must be started under an unprivileged user ID to prevent\n"
+ "possible system security compromises. See the documentation for\n"
+ "more information on how to properly start the server.\n");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+#endif /* WIN32 */
+}
+
+
+
+static char *
+get_current_username(const char *progname)
+{
#ifndef WIN32
+ struct passwd *pw;
+
pw = getpwuid(geteuid());
if (pw == NULL)
{
write_stderr("%s: invalid effective UID: %d\n",
- argv[0], (int) geteuid());
+ progname, (int) geteuid());
exit(1);
}
- /* Allocate new memory because later getpwuid() calls can overwrite it */
- pw_name_persist = strdup(pw->pw_name);
+ /* Allocate new memory because later getpwuid() calls can overwrite it. */
+ return strdup(pw->pw_name);
#else
- {
- long namesize = 256 /* UNLEN */ + 1;
+ long namesize = 256 /* UNLEN */ + 1;
+ char *name;
- pw_name_persist = malloc(namesize);
- if (!GetUserName(pw_name_persist, &namesize))
- {
- write_stderr("%s: could not determine user name (GetUserName failed)\n",
- argv[0]);
- exit(1);
- }
+ name = malloc(namesize);
+ if (!GetUserName(name, &namesize))
+ {
+ write_stderr("%s: could not determine user name (GetUserName failed)\n",
+ progname);
+ exit(1);
}
-#endif /* WIN32 */
- exit(PostgresMain(argc, argv, pw_name_persist));
+ return name;
+#endif
}
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c,v 1.19 2006/05/19 15:15:37 alvherre Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c,v 1.20 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
int ac = 0;
av[ac++] = "postgres";
- av[ac++] = "-forkautovac";
+ av[ac++] = "--forkautovac";
av[ac++] = NULL; /* filled in by postmaster_forkexec */
av[ac] = NULL;
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/pgarch.c,v 1.22 2006/05/30 17:08:14 tgl Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/pgarch.c,v 1.23 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
av[ac++] = "postgres";
- av[ac++] = "-forkarch";
+ av[ac++] = "--forkarch";
av[ac++] = NULL; /* filled in by postmaster_forkexec */
*
* Copyright (c) 2001-2006, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
*
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/pgstat.c,v 1.127 2006/05/30 02:35:39 momjian Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/pgstat.c,v 1.128 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
* ----------
*/
#include "postgres.h"
switch (procType)
{
case STAT_PROC_BUFFER:
- av[ac++] = "-forkbuf";
+ av[ac++] = "--forkbuf";
break;
case STAT_PROC_COLLECTOR:
- av[ac++] = "-forkcol";
+ av[ac++] = "--forkcol";
break;
default:
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c,v 1.485 2006/06/07 22:24:44 momjian Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c,v 1.486 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
*
* NOTES
*
static void BackendInitialize(Port *port);
static int BackendRun(Port *port);
static void ExitPostmaster(int status);
-static void usage(const char *);
static int ServerLoop(void);
static int BackendStartup(Port *port);
static int ProcessStartupPacket(Port *port, bool SSLdone);
IsPostmasterEnvironment = true;
- /*
- * Catch standard options before doing much else. This even works on
- * systems without getopt_long.
- */
- if (argc > 1)
- {
- if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
- {
- usage(progname);
- ExitPostmaster(0);
- }
- if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
- {
- puts("postmaster (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION);
- ExitPostmaster(0);
- }
- }
-
-#ifdef WIN32
- /* Start our win32 signal implementation */
- pgwin32_signal_initialize();
-#endif
-
/*
* for security, no dir or file created can be group or other accessible
*/
}
-/*
- * Print out help message
- */
-static void
-usage(const char *progname)
-{
- printf(_("%s is the PostgreSQL server.\n\n"), progname);
- printf(_("Usage:\n %s [OPTION]...\n\n"), progname);
- printf(_("Options:\n"));
-#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
- printf(_(" -A 1|0 enable/disable run-time assert checking\n"));
-#endif
- printf(_(" -B NBUFFERS number of shared buffers\n"));
- printf(_(" -c NAME=VALUE set run-time parameter\n"));
- printf(_(" -d 1-5 debugging level\n"));
- printf(_(" -D DATADIR database directory\n"));
- printf(_(" -e use European date input format (DMY)\n"));
- printf(_(" -F turn fsync off\n"));
- printf(_(" -h HOSTNAME host name or IP address to listen on\n"));
- printf(_(" -i enable TCP/IP connections\n"));
- printf(_(" -k DIRECTORY Unix-domain socket location\n"));
-#ifdef USE_SSL
- printf(_(" -l enable SSL connections\n"));
-#endif
- printf(_(" -N MAX-CONNECT maximum number of allowed connections\n"));
- printf(_(" -o OPTIONS pass \"OPTIONS\" to each server process (obsolete)\n"));
- printf(_(" -p PORT port number to listen on\n"));
- printf(_(" -s show statistics after each query\n"));
- printf(_(" -S WORK-MEM set amount of memory for sorts (in kB)\n"));
- printf(_(" --NAME=VALUE set run-time parameter\n"));
- printf(_(" --help show this help, then exit\n"));
- printf(_(" --version output version information, then exit\n"));
-
- printf(_("\nDeveloper options:\n"));
- printf(_(" -f s|i|n|m|h forbid use of some plan types\n"));
- printf(_(" -n do not reinitialize shared memory after abnormal exit\n"));
- printf(_(" -O allow system table structure changes\n"));
- printf(_(" -P disable system indexes\n"));
- printf(_(" -t pa|pl|ex show timings after each query\n"));
- printf(_(" -T send SIGSTOP to all backend servers if one dies\n"));
- printf(_(" -W NUM wait NUM seconds to allow attach from a debugger\n"));
-
- printf(_("\nPlease read the documentation for the complete list of run-time\n"
- "configuration settings and how to set them on the command line or in\n"
- "the configuration file.\n\n"
- "Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.\n"));
-}
-
-
/*
* Main idle loop of postmaster
*/
int ac = 0;
av[ac++] = "postgres";
- av[ac++] = "-forkbackend";
+ av[ac++] = "--forkbackend";
av[ac++] = NULL; /* filled in by internal_forkexec */
av[ac] = NULL;
/* Make sure caller set up argv properly */
Assert(argc >= 3);
Assert(argv[argc] == NULL);
- Assert(strncmp(argv[1], "-fork", 5) == 0);
+ Assert(strncmp(argv[1], "--fork", 6) == 0);
Assert(argv[2] == NULL);
- /* Insert temp file name after -fork argument */
+ /* Insert temp file name after --fork argument */
argv[2] = tmpfilename;
/* Fire off execv in child */
/* Make sure caller set up argv properly */
Assert(argc >= 3);
Assert(argv[argc] == NULL);
- Assert(strncmp(argv[1], "-fork", 5) == 0);
+ Assert(strncmp(argv[1], "--fork", 6) == 0);
Assert(argv[2] == NULL);
/* Verify that there is room in the child list */
return -1;
}
- /* Insert temp file name after -fork argument */
+ /* Insert temp file name after --fork argument */
sprintf(paramHandleStr, "%lu", (DWORD) paramHandle);
argv[2] = paramHandleStr;
* to what it would be if we'd simply forked on Unix, and then
* dispatch to the appropriate place.
*
- * The first two command line arguments are expected to be "-forkFOO"
+ * The first two command line arguments are expected to be "--forkFOO"
* (where FOO indicates which postmaster child we are to become), and
* the name of a variables file that we can read to load data that would
* have been inherited by fork() on Unix. Remaining arguments go to the
* to do this before going any further to ensure that we can attach at the
* same address the postmaster used.
*/
- if (strcmp(argv[1], "-forkbackend") == 0 ||
- strcmp(argv[1], "-forkautovac") == 0 ||
- strcmp(argv[1], "-forkboot") == 0)
+ if (strcmp(argv[1], "--forkbackend") == 0 ||
+ strcmp(argv[1], "--forkautovac") == 0 ||
+ strcmp(argv[1], "--forkboot") == 0)
PGSharedMemoryReAttach();
/*
read_nondefault_variables();
/* Run backend or appropriate child */
- if (strcmp(argv[1], "-forkbackend") == 0)
+ if (strcmp(argv[1], "--forkbackend") == 0)
{
Assert(argc == 3); /* shouldn't be any more args */
/* And run the backend */
proc_exit(BackendRun(&port));
}
- if (strcmp(argv[1], "-forkboot") == 0)
+ if (strcmp(argv[1], "--forkboot") == 0)
{
/* Close the postmaster's sockets */
ClosePostmasterPorts(false);
BootstrapMain(argc - 2, argv + 2);
proc_exit(0);
}
- if (strcmp(argv[1], "-forkautovac") == 0)
+ if (strcmp(argv[1], "--forkautovac") == 0)
{
/* Close the postmaster's sockets */
ClosePostmasterPorts(false);
AutoVacMain(argc - 2, argv + 2);
proc_exit(0);
}
- if (strcmp(argv[1], "-forkarch") == 0)
+ if (strcmp(argv[1], "--forkarch") == 0)
{
/* Close the postmaster's sockets */
ClosePostmasterPorts(false);
PgArchiverMain(argc, argv);
proc_exit(0);
}
- if (strcmp(argv[1], "-forkbuf") == 0)
+ if (strcmp(argv[1], "--forkbuf") == 0)
{
/* Close the postmaster's sockets */
ClosePostmasterPorts(false);
PgstatBufferMain(argc, argv);
proc_exit(0);
}
- if (strcmp(argv[1], "-forkcol") == 0)
+ if (strcmp(argv[1], "--forkcol") == 0)
{
/*
* Do NOT close postmaster sockets here, because we are forking from
PgstatCollectorMain(argc, argv);
proc_exit(0);
}
- if (strcmp(argv[1], "-forklog") == 0)
+ if (strcmp(argv[1], "--forklog") == 0)
{
/* Close the postmaster's sockets */
ClosePostmasterPorts(true);
av[ac++] = "postgres";
#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
- av[ac++] = "-forkboot";
+ av[ac++] = "--forkboot";
av[ac++] = NULL; /* filled in by postmaster_forkexec */
#endif
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/syslogger.c,v 1.24 2006/06/07 22:24:44 momjian Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/syslogger.c,v 1.25 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
char numbuf[2][32];
av[ac++] = "postgres";
- av[ac++] = "-forklog";
+ av[ac++] = "--forklog";
av[ac++] = NULL; /* filled in by postmaster_forkexec */
/* static variables (those not passed by write_backend_variables) */
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c,v 1.487 2006/06/11 15:49:28 tgl Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c,v 1.488 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
*
* NOTES
* this is the "main" module of the postgres backend and
}
-static void
-usage(const char *progname)
-{
- printf(_("%s is the PostgreSQL stand-alone backend. It is not\nintended to be used by normal users.\n\n"), progname);
-
- printf(_("Usage:\n %s [OPTION]... DBNAME\n\n"), progname);
- printf(_("Options:\n"));
-#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
- printf(_(" -A 1|0 enable/disable run-time assert checking\n"));
-#endif
- printf(_(" -B NBUFFERS number of shared buffers\n"));
- printf(_(" -c NAME=VALUE set run-time parameter\n"));
- printf(_(" -d 0-5 debugging level\n"));
- printf(_(" -D DATADIR database directory\n"));
- printf(_(" -e use European date input format (DMY)\n"));
- printf(_(" -E echo statement before execution\n"));
- printf(_(" -F turn fsync off\n"));
- printf(_(" -j do not use newline as interactive query delimiter\n"));
- printf(_(" -r FILENAME send stdout and stderr to given file\n"));
- printf(_(" -s show statistics after each query\n"));
- printf(_(" -S WORK-MEM set amount of memory for sorts (in kB)\n"));
- printf(_(" --NAME=VALUE set run-time parameter\n"));
- printf(_(" --describe-config describe configuration parameters, then exit\n"));
- printf(_(" --help show this help, then exit\n"));
- printf(_(" --version output version information, then exit\n"));
- printf(_("\nDeveloper options:\n"));
- printf(_(" -f s|i|n|m|h forbid use of some plan types\n"));
- printf(_(" -O allow system table structure changes\n"));
- printf(_(" -P disable system indexes\n"));
- printf(_(" -t pa|pl|ex show timings after each query\n"));
- printf(_(" -W NUM wait NUM seconds to allow attach from a debugger\n"));
- printf(_("\nReport bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.\n"));
-}
-
-
/*
* set_debug_options --- apply "-d N" command line option
*
(guc_names = lappend(guc_names, pstrdup(name)), \
guc_values = lappend(guc_values, pstrdup(val)))
- /*
- * Catch standard options before doing much else. This even works on
- * systems without getopt_long.
- */
- if (!IsUnderPostmaster && argc > 1)
- {
- if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
- {
- usage(argv[0]);
- exit(0);
- }
- if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
- {
- puts(PG_VERSIONSTR);
- exit(0);
- }
- }
-
/*
* initialize globals (already done if under postmaster, but not if
* standalone; cheap enough to do over)
* ----------------
*/
+ /* Ignore the initial --single argument, if present */
+ if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--single") == 0)
+ {
+ argv++;
+ argc--;
+ }
+
/* all options are allowed until '-p' */
secure = true;
ctx = PGC_POSTMASTER;
*
* initdb creates (initializes) a PostgreSQL database cluster (site,
* instance, installation, whatever). A database cluster is a
- * collection of PostgreSQL databases all managed by the same postmaster.
+ * collection of PostgreSQL databases all managed by the same server.
*
* To create the database cluster, we create the directory that contains
* all its data, create the files that hold the global tables, create
* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
* Portions taken from FreeBSD.
*
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c,v 1.117 2006/06/07 22:24:44 momjian Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c,v 1.118 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
* (no quoting to worry about).
*/
static const char *boot_options = "-F";
-static const char *backend_options = "-F -O -c search_path=pg_catalog -c exit_on_error=true";
+static const char *backend_options = "--single -F -O -c search_path=pg_catalog -c exit_on_error=true";
/* path to 'initdb' binary directory */
test_max_fsm = FSM_FOR_BUFS(test_buffs);
snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd),
- "%s\"%s\" -boot -x0 %s "
+ "%s\"%s\" --boot -x0 %s "
"-c max_connections=%d "
"-c shared_buffers=%d "
"-c max_fsm_pages=%d "
test_max_fsm = FSM_FOR_BUFS(test_buffs);
snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd),
- "%s\"%s\" -boot -x0 %s "
+ "%s\"%s\" --boot -x0 %s "
"-c max_connections=%d "
"-c shared_buffers=%d "
"-c max_fsm_pages=%d "
unsetenv("PGCLIENTENCODING");
snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd),
- "\"%s\" -boot -x1 %s %s template1",
+ "\"%s\" --boot -x1 %s %s template1",
backend_exec, boot_options, talkargs);
PG_CMD_OPEN;
get_parent_directory(bin_dir);
printf(_("\nSuccess. You can now start the database server using:\n\n"
- " %s%s%spostmaster%s -D %s%s%s\n"
+ " %s%s%spostgres%s -D %s%s%s\n"
"or\n"
" %s%s%spg_ctl%s -D %s%s%s -l logfile start\n\n"),
QUOTE_PATH, bin_dir, (strlen(bin_dir) > 0) ? DIR_SEP : "", QUOTE_PATH,
*
* Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2006, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
*
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c,v 1.68 2006/06/07 22:24:44 momjian Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c,v 1.69 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
#define WHITESPACE "\f\n\r\t\v" /* as defined by isspace() */
-/* postmaster version ident string */
-#define PM_VERSIONSTR "postmaster (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION "\n"
+/* postgres version ident string */
+#define PM_VERSIONSTR "postgres (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION "\n"
typedef enum
{
old_pid = get_pgpid();
if (old_pid != 0)
- write_stderr(_("%s: another postmaster may be running; "
- "trying to start postmaster anyway\n"),
+ write_stderr(_("%s: another server may be running; "
+ "trying to start server anyway\n"),
progname);
}
postmaster_path = pg_malloc(MAXPGPATH);
- if ((ret = find_other_exec(argv0, "postmaster", PM_VERSIONSTR,
+ if ((ret = find_other_exec(argv0, "postgres", PM_VERSIONSTR,
postmaster_path)) < 0)
{
char full_path[MAXPGPATH];
StrNCpy(full_path, progname, MAXPGPATH);
if (ret == -1)
- write_stderr(_("The program \"postmaster\" is needed by %s "
+ write_stderr(_("The program \"postgres\" is needed by %s "
"but was not found in the\n"
"same directory as \"%s\".\n"
"Check your installation.\n"),
progname, full_path);
else
- write_stderr(_("The program \"postmaster\" was found by \"%s\"\n"
+ write_stderr(_("The program \"postgres\" was found by \"%s\"\n"
"but was not the same version as %s.\n"
"Check your installation.\n"),
full_path, progname);
exitcode = start_postmaster();
if (exitcode != 0)
{
- write_stderr(_("%s: could not start postmaster: exit code was %d\n"),
+ write_stderr(_("%s: could not start server: exit code was %d\n"),
progname, exitcode);
exit(1);
}
pid = get_pgpid();
if (pid == old_pid)
{
- write_stderr(_("%s: could not start postmaster\n"
+ write_stderr(_("%s: could not start server\n"
"Examine the log output.\n"),
progname);
exit(1);
if (do_wait)
{
- print_msg(_("waiting for postmaster to start..."));
+ print_msg(_("waiting for server to start..."));
if (test_postmaster_connection() == false)
{
- printf(_("could not start postmaster\n"));
+ printf(_("could not start server\n"));
exit(1);
}
else
{
print_msg(_(" done\n"));
- print_msg(_("postmaster started\n"));
+ print_msg(_("server started\n"));
}
}
else
- print_msg(_("postmaster starting\n"));
+ print_msg(_("server starting\n"));
}
if (pid == 0) /* no pid file */
{
write_stderr(_("%s: PID file \"%s\" does not exist\n"), progname, pid_file);
- write_stderr(_("Is postmaster running?\n"));
+ write_stderr(_("Is server running?\n"));
exit(1);
}
else if (pid < 0) /* standalone backend, not postmaster */
{
pid = -pid;
- write_stderr(_("%s: cannot stop postmaster; "
- "postgres is running (PID: %ld)\n"),
+ write_stderr(_("%s: cannot stop server; "
+ "single-user server is running (PID: %ld)\n"),
progname, pid);
exit(1);
}
if (!do_wait)
{
- print_msg(_("postmaster shutting down\n"));
+ print_msg(_("server shutting down\n"));
return;
}
else
{
- print_msg(_("waiting for postmaster to shut down..."));
+ print_msg(_("waiting for server to shut down..."));
for (cnt = 0; cnt < wait_seconds; cnt++)
{
{
print_msg(_(" failed\n"));
- write_stderr(_("%s: postmaster does not shut down\n"), progname);
+ write_stderr(_("%s: server does not shut down\n"), progname);
exit(1);
}
print_msg(_(" done\n"));
- printf(_("postmaster stopped\n"));
+ printf(_("server stopped\n"));
}
}
{
write_stderr(_("%s: PID file \"%s\" does not exist\n"),
progname, pid_file);
- write_stderr(_("Is postmaster running?\n"));
- write_stderr(_("starting postmaster anyway\n"));
+ write_stderr(_("Is server running?\n"));
+ write_stderr(_("starting server anyway\n"));
do_start();
return;
}
pid = -pid;
if (postmaster_is_alive((pid_t) pid))
{
- write_stderr(_("%s: cannot restart postmaster; "
- "postgres is running (PID: %ld)\n"),
+ write_stderr(_("%s: cannot restart server; "
+ "single-user server is running (PID: %ld)\n"),
progname, pid);
- write_stderr(_("Please terminate postgres and try again.\n"));
+ write_stderr(_("Please terminate the single-user server and try again.\n"));
exit(1);
}
}
exit(1);
}
- print_msg(_("waiting for postmaster to shut down..."));
+ print_msg(_("waiting for server to shut down..."));
/* always wait for restart */
{
print_msg(_(" failed\n"));
- write_stderr(_("%s: postmaster does not shut down\n"), progname);
+ write_stderr(_("%s: server does not shut down\n"), progname);
exit(1);
}
print_msg(_(" done\n"));
- printf(_("postmaster stopped\n"));
+ printf(_("server stopped\n"));
}
else
{
- write_stderr(_("%s: old postmaster process (PID: %ld) seems to be gone\n"),
+ write_stderr(_("%s: old server process (PID: %ld) seems to be gone\n"),
progname, pid);
- write_stderr(_("starting postmaster anyway\n"));
+ write_stderr(_("starting server anyway\n"));
}
do_start();
if (pid == 0) /* no pid file */
{
write_stderr(_("%s: PID file \"%s\" does not exist\n"), progname, pid_file);
- write_stderr(_("Is postmaster running?\n"));
+ write_stderr(_("Is server running?\n"));
exit(1);
}
else if (pid < 0) /* standalone backend, not postmaster */
{
pid = -pid;
- write_stderr(_("%s: cannot reload postmaster; "
- "postgres is running (PID: %ld)\n"),
+ write_stderr(_("%s: cannot reload server; "
+ "single-user server is running (PID: %ld)\n"),
progname, pid);
- write_stderr(_("Please terminate postgres and try again.\n"));
+ write_stderr(_("Please terminate the single-user server and try again.\n"));
exit(1);
}
exit(1);
}
- print_msg(_("postmaster signaled\n"));
+ print_msg(_("server signaled\n"));
}
/*
pid = -pid;
if (postmaster_is_alive((pid_t) pid))
{
- printf(_("%s: a standalone backend \"postgres\" is running (PID: %ld)\n"),
+ printf(_("%s: single-user server is running (PID: %ld)\n"),
progname, pid);
return;
}
{
char **optlines;
- printf(_("%s: postmaster is running (PID: %ld)\n"),
+ printf(_("%s: server is running (PID: %ld)\n"),
progname, pid);
optlines = readfile(postopts_file);
}
}
}
- printf(_("%s: neither postmaster nor postgres running\n"), progname);
+ printf(_("%s: no server running\n"), progname);
exit(1);
}
}
else
{
- ret = find_other_exec(argv0, "postmaster", PM_VERSIONSTR, cmdLine);
+ ret = find_other_exec(argv0, "postgres", PM_VERSIONSTR, cmdLine);
if (ret != 0)
{
- write_stderr(_("%s: could not find postmaster program executable\n"), progname);
+ write_stderr(_("%s: could not find postgres program executable\n"), progname);
exit(1);
}
}
printf(_("\nOptions for start or restart:\n"));
printf(_(" -l, --log FILENAME write (or append) server log to FILENAME\n"));
- printf(_(" -o OPTIONS command line options to pass to the postmaster\n"
+ printf(_(" -o OPTIONS command line options to pass to postgres\n"
" (PostgreSQL server executable)\n"));
- printf(_(" -p PATH-TO-POSTMASTER normally not necessary\n"));
+ printf(_(" -p PATH-TO-POSTGRES normally not necessary\n"));
printf(_("\nOptions for stop or restart:\n"));
printf(_(" -m SHUTDOWN-MODE may be \"smart\", \"fast\", or \"immediate\"\n"));
projects / postgresql / commitdiff