.. seealso::
- `C++Builder Compiler <http://www.codegear.com/downloads/free/cppbuilder>`_
+ `C++Builder Compiler <http://www.embarcadero.com/downloads>`_
Information about the free C++ compiler from Borland, including links to the
download pages.
.. seealso::
- `Building Python modules on MS Windows platform with MinGW <http://www.zope.org/Members/als/tips/win32_mingw_modules>`_
+ `Building Python modules on MS Windows platform with MinGW <http://old.zope.org/Members/als/tips/win32_mingw_modules>`_
Information about building the required libraries for the MinGW environment.
.. [#] This also means you could replace all existing COFF-libraries with OMF-libraries
of the same name.
-.. [#] Check http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin/ and http://www.mingw.org/ for more
+.. [#] Check http://www.sourceware.org/cygwin/ and http://www.mingw.org/ for more
information
.. [#] Then you have no POSIX emulation available, but you also don't need
.. seealso::
`Python Packaging User Guide: Installing Python Distribution Packages
- <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing.html#installing-python-distributions>`__
+ <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing.html#installing-python-distribution-packages>`__
How do I ...?
.. seealso::
`Python Packaging User Guide: Setup for Installing Distribution Packages
- <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing.html#setup-for-installing-distributions>`__
+ <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing.html#setup-for-installing-distribution-packages>`__
.. installing-per-user-installation:
aren't currently easy to install using ``pip`` directly. At this point in
time, it will often be easier for users to install these packages by
`other means
-<https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/platforms.html#installing-scientific-packages>`__
+<https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science.html>`__
rather than attempting to install them with ``pip``.
.. seealso::
`Python Packaging User Guide: Installing Scientific Packages
- <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/platforms.html#installing-scientific-packages>`__
+ <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science.html>`__
... work with multiple versions of Python installed in parallel?
than needing to build them themselves.
Some of the solutions for installing `scientific software
-<https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/platforms.html#installing-scientific-packages>`__
+<https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science.html>`__
that is not yet available as pre-built ``wheel`` files may also help with
obtaining other binary extensions without needing to build them locally.
writing to any mapping in the chain.
* Django's `Context class
- <http://code.djangoproject.com/browser/django/trunk/django/template/context.py>`_
+ <https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/django/template/context.py>`_
for templating is a read-only chain of mappings. It also features
pushing and popping of contexts similar to the
:meth:`~collections.ChainMap.new_child` method and the
.. seealso::
- `Pattern Matching: The Gestalt Approach <http://www.ddj.com/184407970?pgno=5>`_
+ `Pattern Matching: The Gestalt Approach <http://www.drdobbs.com/database/pattern-matching-the-gestalt-approach/184407970>`_
Discussion of a similar algorithm by John W. Ratcliff and D. E. Metzener. This
- was published in `Dr. Dobb's Journal <http://www.ddj.com/>`_ in July, 1988.
+ was published in `Dr. Dobb's Journal <http://www.drdobbs.com/>`_ in July, 1988.
.. _sequence-matcher:
These libraries help you with publishing and installing Python software.
While these modules are designed to work in conjunction with the
-`Python Package Index <https://pypi.python.org>`__, they can also be used
+`Python Package Index <https://pypi.python.org/pypi>`__, they can also be used
with a local index server, or without any index server at all.
.. toctree::
bypassing the cache, or for rewrapping the function with a different cache.
An `LRU (least recently used) cache
- <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_algorithms#Least_Recently_Used>`_ works
+ <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_algorithms#Examples>`_ works
best when the most recent calls are the best predictors of upcoming calls (for
example, the most popular articles on a news server tend to change each day).
The cache's size limit assures that the cache does not grow without bound on
internationalization library that includes a :file:`pybabel` script to
extract and compile message catalogs. François Pinard's program
called :program:`xpot` does a similar job and is available as part of
-his `po-utils package <http://po-utils.progiciels-bpi.ca/>`__.
+his `po-utils package <https://github.com/pinard/po-utils>`__.
(Python also includes pure-Python versions of these programs, called
:program:`pygettext.py` and :program:`msgfmt.py`; some Python distributions
:mod:`http.cookiejar` and :mod:`http.cookies` modules do not depend on each
other.
- http://wp.netscape.com/newsref/std/cookie_spec.html
+ http://curl.haxx.se/rfc/cookie_spec.html
The specification of the original Netscape cookie protocol. Though this is
still the dominant protocol, the 'Netscape cookie protocol' implemented by all
the major browsers (and :mod:`http.cookiejar`) only bears a passing resemblance to
`Configuring Netscape Mail on Unix: Why The Content-Length Format is Bad <http://www.jwz.org/doc/content-length.html>`_
An argument for using the original mbox format rather than a variation.
- `"mbox" is a family of several mutually incompatible mailbox formats <http://homepages.tesco.net./~J.deBoynePollard/FGA/mail-mbox-formats.html>`_
+ `"mbox" is a family of several mutually incompatible mailbox formats <http://homepage.ntlworld.com/jonathan.deboynepollard/FGA/mail-mbox-formats.html>`_
A history of mbox variations.
.. seealso::
- `FCICreateFile <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/devnotes/winprog/fcicreate.asp>`_
- `UuidCreate <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/rpc/rpc/uuidcreate.asp>`_
- `UuidToString <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/rpc/rpc/uuidtostring.asp>`_
+ `FCICreateFile <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/devnotes/winprog/fcicreate.asp>`_
+ `UuidCreate <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/rpc/rpc/uuidcreate.asp>`_
+ `UuidToString <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/rpc/rpc/uuidtostring.asp>`_
.. _database-objects:
.. seealso::
- `MSIDatabaseOpenView <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msidatabaseopenview.asp>`_
- `MSIDatabaseCommit <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msidatabasecommit.asp>`_
- `MSIGetSummaryInformation <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msigetsummaryinformation.asp>`_
+ `MSIDatabaseOpenView <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msidatabaseopenview.asp>`_
+ `MSIDatabaseCommit <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msidatabasecommit.asp>`_
+ `MSIGetSummaryInformation <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msigetsummaryinformation.asp>`_
.. _view-objects:
.. seealso::
- `MsiViewExecute <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewexecute.asp>`_
- `MSIViewGetColumnInfo <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewgetcolumninfo.asp>`_
- `MsiViewFetch <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewfetch.asp>`_
- `MsiViewModify <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewmodify.asp>`_
- `MsiViewClose <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewclose.asp>`_
+ `MsiViewExecute <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewexecute.asp>`_
+ `MSIViewGetColumnInfo <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewgetcolumninfo.asp>`_
+ `MsiViewFetch <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewfetch.asp>`_
+ `MsiViewModify <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewmodify.asp>`_
+ `MsiViewClose <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewclose.asp>`_
.. _summary-objects:
.. seealso::
- `MsiSummaryInfoGetProperty <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryinfogetproperty.asp>`_
- `MsiSummaryInfoGetPropertyCount <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryinfogetpropertycount.asp>`_
- `MsiSummaryInfoSetProperty <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryinfosetproperty.asp>`_
- `MsiSummaryInfoPersist <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryinfopersist.asp>`_
+ `MsiSummaryInfoGetProperty <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryinfogetproperty.asp>`_
+ `MsiSummaryInfoGetPropertyCount <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryinfogetpropertycount.asp>`_
+ `MsiSummaryInfoSetProperty <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryinfosetproperty.asp>`_
+ `MsiSummaryInfoPersist <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryinfopersist.asp>`_
.. _record-objects:
.. seealso::
- `MsiRecordGetFieldCount <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordgetfieldcount.asp>`_
- `MsiRecordSetString <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordsetstring.asp>`_
- `MsiRecordSetStream <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordsetstream.asp>`_
- `MsiRecordSetInteger <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordsetinteger.asp>`_
- `MsiRecordClear <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordclear.asp>`_
+ `MsiRecordGetFieldCount <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordgetfieldcount.asp>`_
+ `MsiRecordSetString <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordsetstring.asp>`_
+ `MsiRecordSetStream <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordsetstream.asp>`_
+ `MsiRecordSetInteger <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordsetinteger.asp>`_
+ `MsiRecordClear <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordclear.asp>`_
.. _msi-errors:
.. seealso::
- `Directory Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/directory_table.asp>`_
- `File Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/file_table.asp>`_
- `Component Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/component_table.asp>`_
- `FeatureComponents Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/featurecomponents_table.asp>`_
+ `Directory Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/directory_table.asp>`_
+ `File Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/file_table.asp>`_
+ `Component Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/component_table.asp>`_
+ `FeatureComponents Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/featurecomponents_table.asp>`_
.. _features:
.. seealso::
- `Feature Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/feature_table.asp>`_
+ `Feature Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/feature_table.asp>`_
.. _msi-gui:
.. seealso::
- `Dialog Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/dialog_table.asp>`_
- `Control Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/control_table.asp>`_
- `Control Types <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controls.asp>`_
- `ControlCondition Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controlcondition_table.asp>`_
- `ControlEvent Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controlevent_table.asp>`_
- `EventMapping Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/eventmapping_table.asp>`_
- `RadioButton Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/radiobutton_table.asp>`_
+ `Dialog Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/dialog_table.asp>`_
+ `Control Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/control_table.asp>`_
+ `Control Types <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controls.asp>`_
+ `ControlCondition Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controlcondition_table.asp>`_
+ `ControlEvent Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controlevent_table.asp>`_
+ `EventMapping Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/eventmapping_table.asp>`_
+ `RadioButton Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/radiobutton_table.asp>`_
.. _msi-tables:
`PyGObject <https://live.gnome.org/PyGObject>`_
provides introspection bindings for C libraries using
- `GObject <http://developer.gnome.org/gobject/stable/>`_. One of
+ `GObject <https://developer.gnome.org/gobject/stable/>`_. One of
these libraries is the `GTK+ 3 <http://www.gtk.org/>`_ widget set.
GTK+ comes with many more widgets than Tkinter provides. An online
`Python GTK+ 3 Tutorial <http://python-gtk-3-tutorial.readthedocs.org/en/latest/>`_
.. seealso::
- `PList manual page <http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man5/plist.5.html>`_
+ `PList manual page <https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man5/plist.5.html>`_
Apple's documentation of the file format.
-------
To demonstrate several uses of the :func:`pprint` function and its parameters,
-let's fetch information about a project from `PyPI <https://pypi.python.org>`_::
+let's fetch information about a project from `PyPI <https://pypi.python.org/pypi>`_::
>>> import json
>>> import pprint
.. _devpoll-objects:
``/dev/poll`` Polling Objects
-----------------------------------------------
-
- http://developers.sun.com/solaris/articles/using_devpoll.html
- http://developers.sun.com/solaris/articles/polling_efficient.html
+-----------------------------
Solaris and derivatives have ``/dev/poll``. While :c:func:`select` is
O(highest file descriptor) and :c:func:`poll` is O(number of file
* Calculating the `median <http://www.ualberta.ca/~opscan/median.html>`_.
* The `SSMEDIAN
- <https://projects.gnome.org/gnumeric/doc/gnumeric-function-SSMEDIAN.shtml>`_
+ <https://help.gnome.org/users/gnumeric/stable/gnumeric.html#gnumeric-function-SSMEDIAN>`_
function in the Gnome Gnumeric spreadsheet, including `this discussion
<https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnumeric-list/2011-April/msg00018.html>`_.
An alternative way of dealing with mocking dates, or other builtin classes,
is discussed in `this blog entry
-<http://williamjohnbert.com/2011/07/how-to-unit-testing-in-django-with-mocking-and-patching/>`_.
+<http://www.williamjohnbert.com/2011/07/how-to-unit-testing-in-django-with-mocking-and-patching/>`_.
Mocking a Generator Method
<https://pypi.python.org/pypi/PyHamcrest>`_ provides similar functionality,
that may be useful here, in the form of its equality matcher
(`hamcrest.library.integration.match_equality
-<http://pythonhosted.org/PyHamcrest/integration.html#hamcrest.library.integration.match_equality>`_).
+<http://pythonhosted.org/PyHamcrest/integration.html#hamcrest.library.integration.match_equality.match_equality>`_).
a GUI tool for test discovery and execution. This is intended largely for ease of use
for those new to unit testing. For production environments it is
recommended that tests be driven by a continuous integration system such as
- `Buildbot <http://buildbot.net/trac>`_, `Jenkins <http://jenkins-ci.org>`_
+ `Buildbot <http://buildbot.net/>`_, `Jenkins <http://jenkins-ci.org/>`_
or `Hudson <http://hudson-ci.org/>`_.
specifically to own Python-related Intellectual Property. Zope Corporation is a
sponsoring member of the PSF.
-All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org/ for the Open
+All Python releases are Open Source (see http://opensource.org/ for the Open
Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python releases have also
been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes the various releases.
The import machinery has evolved considerably since Python's early days. The
original `specification for packages
-<https://www.python.org/doc/essays/packages.html>`_ is still available to read,
+<http://legacy.python.org/doc/essays/packages.html>`_ is still available to read,
although some details have changed since the writing of that document.
The original specification for :data:`sys.meta_path` was :pep:`302`, with
An alternate Python for .NET. Unlike Python.NET, this is a complete Python
implementation that generates IL, and compiles Python code directly to .NET
assemblies. It was created by Jim Hugunin, the original creator of Jython. For
- more information, see `the IronPython website <http://www.ironpython.net/>`_.
+ more information, see `the IronPython website <http://ironpython.net/>`_.
PyPy
An implementation of Python written completely in Python. It supports several
* https://docs.python.org: Fast access to Python's documentation.
-* https://pypi.python.org: The Python Package Index, previously also nicknamed
+* https://pypi.python.org/pypi: The Python Package Index, previously also nicknamed
the Cheese Shop, is an index of user-created Python modules that are available
for download. Once you begin releasing code, you can register it here so that
others can find it.
-* http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Python/Cookbook/: The Python Cookbook is a
+* http://code.activestate.com/recipes/langs/python/: The Python Cookbook is a
sizable collection of code examples, larger modules, and useful scripts.
Particularly notable contributions are collected in a book also titled Python
Cookbook (O'Reilly & Associates, ISBN 0-596-00797-3.)
Reserved for use by Jython_.
-.. _Jython: http://jython.org
+.. _Jython: http://www.jython.org/
.. _using-on-envvars:
number of standard Unix command line editors, :program:`vim` and
:program:`emacs` among them. If you want a more Mac-like editor,
:program:`BBEdit` or :program:`TextWrangler` from Bare Bones Software (see
-http://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/index.shtml) are good choices, as is
+http://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/index.html) are good choices, as is
:program:`TextMate` (see http://macromates.com/). Other editors include
:program:`Gvim` (http://macvim.org) and :program:`Aquamacs`
(http://aquamacs.org/).
MacPython ships with the standard IDLE development environment. A good
introduction to using IDLE can be found at
-http://hkn.eecs.berkeley.edu/~dyoo/python/idle_intro/index.html.
+https://hkn.eecs.berkeley.edu/~dyoo/python/idle_intro/index.html.
.. _mac-package-manager:
setup.py install``).
* Many packages can also be installed via the :program:`setuptools` extension
- or :program:`pip` wrapper, see http://www.pip-installer.org/.
+ or :program:`pip` wrapper, see https://pip.pypa.io/.
GUI Programming on the Mac
*PyObjC* is a Python binding to Apple's Objective-C/Cocoa framework, which is
the foundation of most modern Mac development. Information on PyObjC is
-available from http://pyobjc.sourceforge.net.
+available from https://pythonhosted.org/pyobjc/.
The standard Python GUI toolkit is :mod:`tkinter`, based on the cross-platform
Tk toolkit (http://www.tcl.tk). An Aqua-native version of Tk is bundled with OS
If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get the
`source <https://www.python.org/download/source/>`_. You can download either the
latest release's source or just grab a fresh `clone
-<https://docs.python.org/devguide/setup#getting-the-source-code>`_. (If you want
+<https://docs.python.org/devguide/setup.html#getting-the-source-code>`_. (If you want
to contribute patches, you will need a clone.)
The build process consists in the usual ::
information, read: http://www.geany.org/
Komodo edit is another extremely good IDE. It also has support for a lot of
-languages. For more information, read:
-http://www.activestate.com/store/productdetail.aspx?prdGuid=20f4ed15-6684-4118-a78b-d37ff4058c5f
+languages. For more information, read http://komodoide.com/.
.. seealso::
`Python Packaging User Guide: Creating and using virtual environments
- <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/tutorial.html#creating-and-using-virtual-environments>`__
+ <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing.html#virtual-environments>`__
.. highlight:: none
Check :pep:`11` for details on all unsupported platforms.
* `Windows CE <http://pythonce.sourceforge.net/>`_ is still supported.
-* The `Cygwin <http://cygwin.com/>`_ installer offers to install the `Python
- interpreter <http://cygwin.com/packages/python>`_ as well; it is located under
- "Interpreters." (cf. `Cygwin package source
+* The `Cygwin <http://cygwin.com/>`_ installer offers to install the Python
+ interpreter as well (cf. `Cygwin package source
<ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/pc/gnuwin32/cygwin/mirrors/cygnus/
release/python>`_, `Maintainer releases
<http://www.tishler.net/jason/software/python/>`_)
"7 Minutes to "Hello World!""
by Richard Dooling, 2006
- `Installing on Windows <http://diveintopython.net/installing_python/windows.html>`_
+ `Installing on Windows <http://www.diveintopython.net/installing_python/windows.html>`_
in "`Dive into Python: Python from novice to pro
- <http://diveintopython.net/index.html>`_"
+ <http://www.diveintopython.net/>`_"
by Mark Pilgrim, 2004,
ISBN 1-59059-356-1
`ActivePython <http://www.activestate.com/activepython/>`_
Installer with multi-platform compatibility, documentation, PyWin32
-`Enthought Python Distribution <http://www.enthought.com/products/epd.php>`_
+`Enthought Python Distribution <https://www.enthought.com/products/epd/>`_
Popular modules (such as PyWin32) with their respective documentation, tool
suite for building extensible Python applications
If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get the
`source <https://www.python.org/download/source/>`_. You can download either the
latest release's source or just grab a fresh `checkout
-<https://docs.python.org/devguide/setup#checking-out-the-code>`_.
+<https://docs.python.org/devguide/setup.html#checking-out-the-code>`_.
The source tree contains a build solution and project files for Microsoft
Visual C++, which is the compiler used to build the official Python releases.
projects / python / commitdiff