*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c,v 1.363 2009/07/30 02:45:37 tgl Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c,v 1.364 2009/09/17 20:49:28 tgl Exp $
*
* NOTES
* Every node type that can appear in stored rules' parsetrees *must*
WRITE_FLOAT_FIELD(rows, "%.0f");
}
+static void
+_outNoOpPath(StringInfo str, NoOpPath *node)
+{
+ WRITE_NODE_TYPE("NOOPPATH");
+
+ _outPathInfo(str, (Path *) node);
+
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(subpath);
+}
+
static void
_outNestPath(StringInfo str, NestPath *node)
{
case T_UniquePath:
_outUniquePath(str, obj);
break;
+ case T_NoOpPath:
+ _outNoOpPath(str, obj);
+ break;
case T_NestPath:
_outNestPath(str, obj);
break;
-$PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/optimizer/README,v 1.50 2009/07/21 02:02:44 tgl Exp $
+$PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/optimizer/README,v 1.51 2009/09/17 20:49:28 tgl Exp $
Optimizer
=========
NestPath - nested-loop joins
MergePath - merge joins
HashPath - hash joins
+ NoOpPath - same as its input path (used when a join is removed)
EquivalenceClass - a data structure representing a set of values known equal
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/optimizer/path/allpaths.c,v 1.185 2009/09/02 17:52:24 tgl Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/optimizer/path/allpaths.c,v 1.186 2009/09/17 20:49:28 tgl Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
ptype = "Unique";
subpath = ((UniquePath *) path)->subpath;
break;
+ case T_NoOpPath:
+ ptype = "NoOp";
+ subpath = ((NoOpPath *) path)->subpath;
+ break;
case T_NestPath:
ptype = "NestLoop";
join = true;
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/optimizer/path/indxpath.c,v 1.241 2009/08/04 16:08:36 tgl Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/optimizer/path/indxpath.c,v 1.242 2009/09/17 20:49:28 tgl Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
return clause_list;
}
+/*
+ * relation_has_unique_index_for
+ * Determine whether the relation provably has at most one row satisfying
+ * a set of equality conditions, because the conditions constrain all
+ * columns of some unique index.
+ *
+ * The conditions are provided as a list of RestrictInfo nodes, where the
+ * caller has already determined that each condition is a mergejoinable
+ * equality with an expression in this relation on one side, and an
+ * expression not involving this relation on the other. The transient
+ * outer_is_left flag is used to identify which side we should look at:
+ * left side if outer_is_left is false, right side if it is true.
+ */
+bool
+relation_has_unique_index_for(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
+ List *restrictlist)
+{
+ ListCell *ic;
+
+ /* Short-circuit the easy case */
+ if (restrictlist == NIL)
+ return false;
+
+ /* Examine each index of the relation ... */
+ foreach(ic, rel->indexlist)
+ {
+ IndexOptInfo *ind = (IndexOptInfo *) lfirst(ic);
+ int c;
+
+ /*
+ * If the index is not unique or if it's a partial index that doesn't
+ * match the query, it's useless here.
+ */
+ if (!ind->unique || (ind->indpred != NIL && !ind->predOK))
+ continue;
+
+ /*
+ * Try to find each index column in the list of conditions. This is
+ * O(n^2) or worse, but we expect all the lists to be short.
+ */
+ for (c = 0; c < ind->ncolumns; c++)
+ {
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ foreach(lc, restrictlist)
+ {
+ RestrictInfo *rinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(lc);
+ Node *rexpr;
+
+ /*
+ * The condition's equality operator must be a member of the
+ * index opfamily, else it is not asserting the right kind
+ * of equality behavior for this index. We check this first
+ * since it's probably cheaper than match_index_to_operand().
+ */
+ if (!list_member_oid(rinfo->mergeopfamilies, ind->opfamily[c]))
+ continue;
+
+ /* OK, see if the condition operand matches the index key */
+ if (rinfo->outer_is_left)
+ rexpr = get_rightop(rinfo->clause);
+ else
+ rexpr = get_leftop(rinfo->clause);
+
+ if (match_index_to_operand(rexpr, c, ind))
+ break; /* found a match; column is unique */
+ }
+
+ if (lc == NULL)
+ break; /* no match; this index doesn't help us */
+ }
+
+ /* Matched all columns of this index? */
+ if (c == ind->ncolumns)
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ return false;
+}
+
/****************************************************************************
* ---- PATH CREATION UTILITIES ----
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/optimizer/path/joinpath.c,v 1.123 2009/09/12 22:12:04 tgl Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/optimizer/path/joinpath.c,v 1.124 2009/09/17 20:49:28 tgl Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
#include "optimizer/paths.h"
+static bool join_is_removable(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *joinrel,
+ RelOptInfo *outerrel, RelOptInfo *innerrel,
+ List *restrictlist, JoinType jointype);
+static void generate_outer_only(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *joinrel,
+ RelOptInfo *outerrel);
static void sort_inner_and_outer(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *joinrel,
RelOptInfo *outerrel, RelOptInfo *innerrel,
List *restrictlist, List *mergeclause_list,
{
List *mergeclause_list = NIL;
+ /*
+ * 0. Consider join removal. This is always the most efficient strategy,
+ * so if it works, there's no need to consider anything further.
+ */
+ if (join_is_removable(root, joinrel, outerrel, innerrel,
+ restrictlist, jointype))
+ {
+ generate_outer_only(root, joinrel, outerrel);
+ return;
+ }
+
/*
* Find potential mergejoin clauses. We can skip this if we are not
* interested in doing a mergejoin. However, mergejoin is currently our
* only way of implementing full outer joins, so override mergejoin
* disable if it's a full join.
+ *
+ * Note: do this after join_is_removable(), because this sets the
+ * outer_is_left flags in the mergejoin clauses, while join_is_removable
+ * uses those flags for its own purposes.
*/
if (enable_mergejoin || jointype == JOIN_FULL)
mergeclause_list = select_mergejoin_clauses(root,
restrictlist, jointype, sjinfo);
}
+/*
+ * join_is_removable
+ * Determine whether we need not perform the join at all, because
+ * it will just duplicate its left input.
+ *
+ * This is true for a left join for which the join condition cannot match
+ * more than one inner-side row. (There are other possibly interesting
+ * cases, but we don't have the infrastructure to prove them.)
+ *
+ * Note: there is no need to consider the symmetrical case of duplicating the
+ * right input, because add_paths_to_joinrel() will be called with each rel
+ * on the outer side.
+ */
+static bool
+join_is_removable(PlannerInfo *root,
+ RelOptInfo *joinrel,
+ RelOptInfo *outerrel,
+ RelOptInfo *innerrel,
+ List *restrictlist,
+ JoinType jointype)
+{
+ List *clause_list = NIL;
+ ListCell *l;
+ int attroff;
+
+ /*
+ * Currently, we only know how to remove left joins to a baserel with
+ * unique indexes. We can check most of these criteria pretty trivially
+ * to avoid doing useless extra work. But checking whether any of the
+ * indexes are unique would require iterating over the indexlist, so for
+ * now we just make sure there are indexes of some sort or other. If none
+ * of them are unique, join removal will still fail, just slightly later.
+ */
+ if (jointype != JOIN_LEFT ||
+ innerrel->reloptkind == RELOPT_JOINREL ||
+ innerrel->rtekind != RTE_RELATION ||
+ innerrel->indexlist == NIL)
+ return false;
+
+ /*
+ * We can't remove the join if any inner-rel attributes are used above
+ * the join.
+ *
+ * As a micro-optimization, it seems better to start with max_attr and
+ * count down rather than starting with min_attr and counting up, on the
+ * theory that the system attributes are somewhat less likely to be wanted
+ * and should be tested last.
+ */
+ for (attroff = innerrel->max_attr - innerrel->min_attr;
+ attroff >= 0;
+ attroff--)
+ {
+ if (!bms_is_subset(innerrel->attr_needed[attroff], joinrel->relids))
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Search for mergejoinable clauses that constrain the inner rel against
+ * either the outer rel or a pseudoconstant. If an operator is
+ * mergejoinable then it behaves like equality for some btree opclass,
+ * so it's what we want. The mergejoinability test also eliminates
+ * clauses containing volatile functions, which we couldn't depend on.
+ */
+ foreach(l, restrictlist)
+ {
+ RestrictInfo *restrictinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(l);
+
+ /*
+ * We are always considering an outer join here, so ignore pushed-down
+ * clauses. Also ignore anything that doesn't have a mergejoinable
+ * operator.
+ */
+ if (restrictinfo->is_pushed_down)
+ continue;
+
+ if (!restrictinfo->can_join ||
+ restrictinfo->mergeopfamilies == NIL)
+ continue; /* not mergejoinable */
+
+ /*
+ * Check if clause is usable with these input rels. All the vars
+ * needed on each side of the clause must be available from one or the
+ * other of the input rels.
+ */
+ if (bms_is_subset(restrictinfo->left_relids, outerrel->relids) &&
+ bms_is_subset(restrictinfo->right_relids, innerrel->relids))
+ {
+ /* righthand side is inner */
+ restrictinfo->outer_is_left = true;
+ }
+ else if (bms_is_subset(restrictinfo->left_relids, innerrel->relids) &&
+ bms_is_subset(restrictinfo->right_relids, outerrel->relids))
+ {
+ /* lefthand side is inner */
+ restrictinfo->outer_is_left = false;
+ }
+ else
+ continue; /* no good for these input relations */
+
+ /* OK, add to list */
+ clause_list = lappend(clause_list, restrictinfo);
+ }
+
+ /* Now examine the rel's restriction clauses for var = const clauses */
+ foreach(l, innerrel->baserestrictinfo)
+ {
+ RestrictInfo *restrictinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(l);
+
+ /*
+ * Note: can_join won't be set for a restriction clause, but
+ * mergeopfamilies will be if it has a mergejoinable operator
+ * and doesn't contain volatile functions.
+ */
+ if (restrictinfo->mergeopfamilies == NIL)
+ continue; /* not mergejoinable */
+
+ /*
+ * The clause certainly doesn't refer to anything but the given
+ * rel. If either side is pseudoconstant then we can use it.
+ */
+ if (bms_is_empty(restrictinfo->left_relids))
+ {
+ /* righthand side is inner */
+ restrictinfo->outer_is_left = true;
+ }
+ else if (bms_is_empty(restrictinfo->right_relids))
+ {
+ /* lefthand side is inner */
+ restrictinfo->outer_is_left = false;
+ }
+ else
+ continue;
+
+ /* OK, add to list */
+ clause_list = lappend(clause_list, restrictinfo);
+ }
+
+ /* Now examine the indexes to see if we have a matching unique index */
+ if (relation_has_unique_index_for(root, innerrel, clause_list))
+ return true;
+
+ /*
+ * Some day it would be nice to check for other methods of establishing
+ * distinctness.
+ */
+ return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * generate_outer_only
+ * Generate "join" paths when we have found the join is removable.
+ */
+static void
+generate_outer_only(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *joinrel,
+ RelOptInfo *outerrel)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, replicate all of the outerrel's paths as join paths.
+ * Some of them might not really be interesting above the join, if they
+ * have sort orderings that have no real use except to do a mergejoin
+ * for the join we've just found we don't need. But distinguishing that
+ * case probably isn't worth the extra code it would take.
+ */
+ foreach(lc, outerrel->pathlist)
+ {
+ Path *outerpath = (Path *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ add_path(joinrel, (Path *)
+ create_noop_path(root, joinrel, outerpath));
+ }
+}
+
/*
* sort_inner_and_outer
* Create mergejoin join paths by explicitly sorting both the outer and
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c,v 1.262 2009/09/12 22:12:04 tgl Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c,v 1.263 2009/09/17 20:49:29 tgl Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
case T_WorkTableScan:
plan = create_scan_plan(root, best_path);
break;
+ case T_Join:
+ /* this is only used for no-op joins */
+ Assert(IsA(best_path, NoOpPath));
+ plan = create_plan(root, ((NoOpPath *) best_path)->subpath);
+ break;
case T_HashJoin:
case T_MergeJoin:
case T_NestLoop:
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c,v 1.153 2009/09/12 22:12:04 tgl Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c,v 1.154 2009/09/17 20:49:29 tgl Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
return InvalidOid;
}
+/*
+ * create_noop_path
+ * Creates a path equivalent to the input subpath, but having a different
+ * parent rel. This is used when a join is found to be removable.
+ */
+NoOpPath *
+create_noop_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, Path *subpath)
+{
+ NoOpPath *pathnode = makeNode(NoOpPath);
+
+ pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Join; /* by convention */
+ pathnode->path.parent = rel;
+ pathnode->path.startup_cost = subpath->startup_cost;
+ pathnode->path.total_cost = subpath->total_cost;
+ pathnode->path.pathkeys = subpath->pathkeys;
+ pathnode->subpath = subpath;
+
+ return pathnode;
+}
+
/*
* create_subqueryscan_path
* Creates a path corresponding to a sequential scan of a subquery,
* Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2009, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
*
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/include/nodes/nodes.h,v 1.224 2009/07/30 02:45:37 tgl Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/include/nodes/nodes.h,v 1.225 2009/09/17 20:49:29 tgl Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
T_ResultPath,
T_MaterialPath,
T_UniquePath,
+ T_NoOpPath,
T_EquivalenceClass,
T_EquivalenceMember,
T_PathKey,
* Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2009, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
*
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/include/nodes/relation.h,v 1.174 2009/07/16 20:55:44 tgl Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/include/nodes/relation.h,v 1.175 2009/09/17 20:49:29 tgl Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
double rows; /* estimated number of result tuples */
} UniquePath;
+/*
+ * NoOpPath represents exactly the same plan as its subpath. This is used
+ * when we have determined that a join can be eliminated. The difference
+ * between the NoOpPath and its subpath is just that the NoOpPath's parent
+ * is the whole join relation while the subpath is for one of the joined
+ * relations (and the other one isn't needed).
+ *
+ * Note: path.pathtype is always T_Join, but this won't actually give rise
+ * to a Join plan node.
+ */
+typedef struct NoOpPath
+{
+ Path path;
+ Path *subpath;
+} NoOpPath;
+
/*
* All join-type paths share these fields.
*/
* Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2009, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
*
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/include/optimizer/pathnode.h,v 1.80 2009/01/01 17:24:00 momjian Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/include/optimizer/pathnode.h,v 1.81 2009/09/17 20:49:29 tgl Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
extern MaterialPath *create_material_path(RelOptInfo *rel, Path *subpath);
extern UniquePath *create_unique_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *subpath, SpecialJoinInfo *sjinfo);
+extern NoOpPath *create_noop_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
+ Path *subpath);
extern Path *create_subqueryscan_path(RelOptInfo *rel, List *pathkeys);
extern Path *create_functionscan_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel);
extern Path *create_valuesscan_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel);
* Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2009, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
*
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/include/optimizer/paths.h,v 1.107 2009/06/11 14:49:11 momjian Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/include/optimizer/paths.h,v 1.108 2009/09/17 20:49:29 tgl Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
extern void best_inner_indexscan(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
RelOptInfo *outer_rel, JoinType jointype,
Path **cheapest_startup, Path **cheapest_total);
+extern bool relation_has_unique_index_for(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
+ List *restrictlist);
extern List *group_clauses_by_indexkey(IndexOptInfo *index,
List *clauses, List *outer_clauses,
Relids outer_relids,
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