Avoid early reuse of btree pages, causing incorrect query results.

When we allowed read-only transactions to skip assigning XIDs
we introduced the possibility that a fully deleted btree page
could be reused. This broke the index link sequence which could
then lead to indexscans silently returning fewer rows than would
have been correct. The actual incidence of silent errors from
this is thought to be very low because of the exact workload
required and locking pre-conditions. Fix is to remove pages only
if index page opaque->btpo.xact precedes RecentGlobalXmin.

Noah Misch, reviewed and backpatched by Simon Riggs

diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/README b/src/backend/access/nbtree/README
index 9fe84e320e2d24e0ad91f032496fc357cb789fa2..101ed38a2320a2baac2bdea2359e3d59d8e62d14 100644 (file)
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/README
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/README
@@ -261,13 +261,15 @@ we need to be sure we don't miss or re-scan any items.
 
 A deleted page can only be reclaimed once there is no scan or search that
 has a reference to it; until then, it must stay in place with its
-right-link undisturbed.  We implement this by waiting until all
-transactions that were running at the time of deletion are dead; which is
+right-link undisturbed.  We implement this by waiting until all active
+snapshots and registered snapshots as of the deletion are gone; which is
 overly strong, but is simple to implement within Postgres.  When marked
 dead, a deleted page is labeled with the next-transaction counter value.
 VACUUM can reclaim the page for re-use when this transaction number is
-older than the oldest open transaction.  (NOTE: VACUUM FULL can reclaim
-such pages immediately.)
+older than RecentGlobalXmin.  As collateral damage, this implementation
+also waits for running XIDs with no snapshots and for snapshots taken
+until the next transaction to allocate an XID commits.
+(NOTE: VACUUM FULL can reclaim such pages immediately.)
 
 Reclaiming a page doesn't actually change its state on disk --- we simply
 record it in the shared-memory free space map, from which it will be

diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
index ad458a9fe457ac8352ac8017ac441ab431eed8c2..9fa29776dfb340319f20ce3945aebdb236a46f19 100644 (file)
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ _bt_page_recyclable(Page page)
         */
        opaque = (BTPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(page);
        if (P_ISDELETED(opaque) &&
-               TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(opaque->btpo.xact, RecentXmin))
+               TransactionIdPrecedes(opaque->btpo.xact, RecentGlobalXmin))
                return true;
        return false;
 }