schedule is described in :pep:`373`.
Python 2.7 is planned to be the last major release in the 2.x series.
-Though more major releases have not been absolutely ruled out, it's
-likely that the 2.7 release will have an extended period of
+Though more major releases have not been absolutely ruled out, the
+Python maintainers are planning to focus more on Python 3.x. Despite
+that, it's likely that the 2.7 release will have a longer period of
maintenance compared to earlier 2.x versions.
.. Compare with previous release in 2 - 3 sentences here.
Python3-warning mode, Python 2.7 will now warn about this odd usage.
(Noted by James Lingard; :issue:`7362`.)
+* It's now possible to create weak references to old-style class
+ objects. New-style classes were always weak-referenceable. (Fixed
+ by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8268`.)
+
* When a module object is garbage-collected, the module's dictionary is
now only cleared if no one else is holding a reference to the
dictionary (:issue:`7140`).
>>> c['z']
0
- There are two additional :class:`~collections.Counter` methods:
- :meth:`~collections.Counter.most_common` returns the N most common elements
- and their counts, and :meth:`~collections.Counter.elements`
- returns an iterator over the contained element, repeating each element
- as many times as its count::
+ There are three additional :class:`~collections.Counter` methods:
+ :meth:`~collections.Counter.most_common` returns the N most common
+ elements and their counts. :meth:`~collections.Counter.elements`
+ returns an iterator over the contained elements, repeating each
+ element as many times as its count.
+ :meth:`~collections.Counter.subtract` takes an iterable and
+ subtracts one for each element instead of adding; if the argument is
+ a dictionary or another :class:`Counter`, the counts are
+ subtracted. ::
>>> c.most_common(5)
[(' ', 6), ('e', 5), ('s', 3), ('a', 2), ('i', 2)]
'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'g', 'f', 'i', 'i',
'h', 'h', 'm', 'l', 'l', 'o', 'n', 'p', 's',
's', 's', 'r', 't', 't', 'x'
-
- .. maybe it's better to use list(c.elements()) here
+ >>> c['e']
+ 5
+ >>> c.subtract('very heavy on the letter e')
+ >>> c['e'] # Count is now lower
+ -1
Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`1696199`.
+ .. revision 79660
+
The new :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` class is described in the earlier
section :ref:`pep-0372`.
:meth:`~decimal.Context.canonical` and :meth:`~decimal.Context.is_canonical`
methods. (Patch by Juan José Conti; :issue:`7633`.)
- The constructor for :class:`~decimal.Decimal` now accepts non-European
- Unicode characters, such as Arabic-Indic digits. (Contributed by
- Mark Dickinson; :issue:`6595`.)
+ The constructor for :class:`~decimal.Decimal` now accepts
+ floating-point numbers (added by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`8257`)
+ and non-European Unicode characters such as Arabic-Indic digits
+ (contributed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`6595`).
When using :class:`~decimal.Decimal` instances with a string's
:meth:`~str.format` method, the default alignment was previously
left-alignment. This has been changed to right-alignment, which seems
more sensible for numeric types. (Changed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`6857`.)
-* The :class:`~fractions.Fraction` class now accepts two rational numbers
- as arguments to its constructor.
- (Implemented by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`5812`.)
+* The :class:`~fractions.Fraction` class now accepts a single float or
+ :class:`~decimal.Decimal` instance, or two rational numbers, as
+ arguments to its constructor. (Implemented by Mark Dickinson;
+ rationals added in :issue:`5812`, and float/decimal in
+ :issue:`8294`.)
An oversight was fixed, making the :class:`Fraction` match the other
numeric types; ordering comparisons (``<``, ``<=``, ``>``, ``>=``) between
Victor Stinner; :issue:`3137`.)
* The :mod:`socket` module's :class:`~ssl.SSL` objects now support the
- buffer API, which fixed a test suite failure. (Fixed by Antoine
- Pitrou; :issue:`7133`.) The version of OpenSSL being used is
- now available as the module attributes
- :attr:`OPENSSL_VERSION` (a string),
+ buffer API, which fixed a test suite failure (fix by Antoine Pitrou;
+ :issue:`7133`). :class:`SSL` objects also now automatically set
+ OpenSSL's :cmacro:`SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY`, which will prevent an error
+ code being returned from :meth:`recv` operations that trigger an SSL
+ renegotiation (fix by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8222`).
+
+ The version of OpenSSL being used is now available as the module
+ attributes :attr:`OPENSSL_VERSION` (a string),
:attr:`OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO` (a 5-tuple), and
- :attr:`OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER` (an integer). (Added by Antoine Pitrou;
- :issue:`8321`.)
+ :attr:`OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER` (an integer). (Added by Antoine
+ Pitrou; :issue:`8321`.)
The :func:`~socket.create_connection` function
gained a *source_address* parameter, a ``(host, port)`` 2-tuple
errors when a value is too large for a particular integer format
code (one of ``bBhHiIlLqQ``); it now always raises a
:exc:`struct.error` exception. (Changed by Mark Dickinson;
- :issue:`1523`.)
+ :issue:`1523`.) The :func:`~struct.pack` function will also
+ attempt to use :meth:`__index__` to convert and pack non-integers
+ before trying the :meth:`__int__` method or reporting an error.
+ (Changed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`8300`.)
* New function: the :mod:`subprocess` module's
:func:`~subprocess.check_output` runs a command with a specified set of arguments
Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:
+* The latest release of the GNU Debugger, GDB 7, can be `scripted
+ using Python
+ <http://sourceware.org/gdb/current/onlinedocs/gdb/Python.html>`__.
+ When you begin debugging an executable program P, GDB will look for
+ a file named ``P-gdb.py`` and automatically read it. Dave Malcolm
+ contributed a :file:`python-gdb.py` that adds a number of useful
+ commands when debugging Python itself. For example, there are
+ ``py-up`` and ``py-down`` that go up or down one Python stack frame,
+ which usually corresponds to several C stack frames. ``py-print``
+ prints the value of a Python variable, and ``py-bt`` prints the
+ Python stack trace. (Added as a result of :issue:`8032`.)
+
* If you use the :file:`.gdbinit` file provided with Python,
the "pyo" macro in the 2.7 version now works correctly when the thread being
debugged doesn't hold the GIL; the macro now acquires it before printing.
but it's available if anyone wishes to use it.
(Added by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`2937`.)
+ :program:`configure` also now sets a :envvar:`LDCXXSHARED` Makefile
+ variable for supporting C++ linking. (Contributed by Arfrever
+ Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis; :issue:`1222585`.)
+
* The build process now creates the necessary files for pkg-config
support. (Contributed by Clinton Roy; :issue:`3585`.)
projects / python / commitdiff