]> granicus.if.org Git - python/commitdiff
Renamed bytesobject.c to bytearrayobject.c
authorChristian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de>
Mon, 26 May 2008 13:01:01 +0000 (13:01 +0000)
committerChristian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de>
Mon, 26 May 2008 13:01:01 +0000 (13:01 +0000)
Renamed stringobject.c to bytesobject.c
Fixed Windows builds

Makefile.pre.in
Objects/bytearrayobject.c [new file with mode: 0644]
Objects/bytesobject.c
Objects/stringobject.c [deleted file]
PCbuild/pythoncore.vcproj

index b00a2d734bb932581d73ae21b1371edcea2c2d30..c66003cd6dbe19705a1b040090c865a9f998aeba 100644 (file)
@@ -302,6 +302,7 @@ OBJECT_OBJS=        \
                Objects/boolobject.o \
                Objects/bufferobject.o \
                Objects/bytes_methods.o \
+               Objects/bytearrayobject.o \
                Objects/bytesobject.o \
                Objects/cellobject.o \
                Objects/classobject.o \
@@ -328,7 +329,6 @@ OBJECT_OBJS=        \
                Objects/rangeobject.o \
                 Objects/setobject.o \
                Objects/sliceobject.o \
-               Objects/stringobject.o \
                Objects/structseq.o \
                Objects/tupleobject.o \
                Objects/typeobject.o \
diff --git a/Objects/bytearrayobject.c b/Objects/bytearrayobject.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..6e5df19
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,3379 @@
+/* PyBytes (bytearray) implementation */
+
+#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
+#include "Python.h"
+#include "structmember.h"
+#include "bytes_methods.h"
+
+static PyByteArrayObject *nullbytes = NULL;
+
+void
+PyByteArray_Fini(void)
+{
+    Py_CLEAR(nullbytes);
+}
+
+int
+PyByteArray_Init(void)
+{
+    nullbytes = PyObject_New(PyByteArrayObject, &PyByteArray_Type);
+    if (nullbytes == NULL)
+        return 0;
+    nullbytes->ob_bytes = NULL;
+    Py_SIZE(nullbytes) = nullbytes->ob_alloc = 0;
+    nullbytes->ob_exports = 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/* end nullbytes support */
+
+/* Helpers */
+
+static int
+_getbytevalue(PyObject* arg, int *value)
+{
+    long face_value;
+
+    if (PyInt_Check(arg)) {
+        face_value = PyInt_AsLong(arg);
+        if (face_value < 0 || face_value >= 256) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "byte must be in range(0, 256)");
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (PyBytes_CheckExact(arg)) {
+        if (Py_SIZE(arg) != 1) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "string must be of size 1");
+            return 0;
+        }
+        face_value = Py_CHARMASK(((PyBytesObject*)arg)->ob_sval[0]);
+    }
+    else {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "an integer or string of size 1 is required");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    *value = face_value;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static Py_ssize_t
+bytes_buffer_getreadbuf(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t index, const void **ptr)
+{
+    if ( index != 0 ) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
+                "accessing non-existent bytes segment");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    *ptr = (void *)self->ob_bytes;
+    return Py_SIZE(self);
+}
+
+static Py_ssize_t
+bytes_buffer_getwritebuf(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t index, const void **ptr)
+{
+    if ( index != 0 ) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
+                "accessing non-existent bytes segment");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    *ptr = (void *)self->ob_bytes;
+    return Py_SIZE(self);
+}
+
+static Py_ssize_t
+bytes_buffer_getsegcount(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t *lenp)
+{
+    if ( lenp )
+        *lenp = Py_SIZE(self);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static Py_ssize_t
+bytes_buffer_getcharbuf(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t index, const char **ptr)
+{
+    if ( index != 0 ) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
+                "accessing non-existent bytes segment");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    *ptr = self->ob_bytes;
+    return Py_SIZE(self);
+}
+
+static int
+bytes_getbuffer(PyByteArrayObject *obj, Py_buffer *view, int flags)
+{
+        int ret;
+        void *ptr;
+        if (view == NULL) {
+                obj->ob_exports++;
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (obj->ob_bytes == NULL)
+                ptr = "";
+        else
+                ptr = obj->ob_bytes;
+        ret = PyBuffer_FillInfo(view, ptr, Py_SIZE(obj), 0, flags);
+        if (ret >= 0) {
+                obj->ob_exports++;
+        }
+        return ret;
+}
+
+static void
+bytes_releasebuffer(PyByteArrayObject *obj, Py_buffer *view)
+{
+        obj->ob_exports--;
+}
+
+static Py_ssize_t
+_getbuffer(PyObject *obj, Py_buffer *view)
+{
+    PyBufferProcs *buffer = Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_as_buffer;
+
+    if (buffer == NULL || buffer->bf_getbuffer == NULL)
+    {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "Type %.100s doesn't support the buffer API",
+                     Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (buffer->bf_getbuffer(obj, view, PyBUF_SIMPLE) < 0)
+            return -1;
+    return view->len;
+}
+
+/* Direct API functions */
+
+PyObject *
+PyByteArray_FromObject(PyObject *input)
+{
+    return PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs((PyObject *)&PyByteArray_Type,
+                                        input, NULL);
+}
+
+PyObject *
+PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(const char *bytes, Py_ssize_t size)
+{
+    PyByteArrayObject *new;
+    Py_ssize_t alloc;
+
+    if (size < 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
+            "Negative size passed to PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    new = PyObject_New(PyByteArrayObject, &PyByteArray_Type);
+    if (new == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (size == 0) {
+        new->ob_bytes = NULL;
+        alloc = 0;
+    }
+    else {
+        alloc = size + 1;
+        new->ob_bytes = PyMem_Malloc(alloc);
+        if (new->ob_bytes == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(new);
+            return PyErr_NoMemory();
+        }
+        if (bytes != NULL)
+            memcpy(new->ob_bytes, bytes, size);
+        new->ob_bytes[size] = '\0';  /* Trailing null byte */
+    }
+    Py_SIZE(new) = size;
+    new->ob_alloc = alloc;
+    new->ob_exports = 0;
+
+    return (PyObject *)new;
+}
+
+Py_ssize_t
+PyByteArray_Size(PyObject *self)
+{
+    assert(self != NULL);
+    assert(PyByteArray_Check(self));
+
+    return PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
+}
+
+char  *
+PyByteArray_AsString(PyObject *self)
+{
+    assert(self != NULL);
+    assert(PyByteArray_Check(self));
+
+    return PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
+}
+
+int
+PyByteArray_Resize(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t size)
+{
+    void *sval;
+    Py_ssize_t alloc = ((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_alloc;
+
+    assert(self != NULL);
+    assert(PyByteArray_Check(self));
+    assert(size >= 0);
+
+    if (size < alloc / 2) {
+        /* Major downsize; resize down to exact size */
+        alloc = size + 1;
+    }
+    else if (size < alloc) {
+        /* Within allocated size; quick exit */
+        Py_SIZE(self) = size;
+        ((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_bytes[size] = '\0'; /* Trailing null */
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else if (size <= alloc * 1.125) {
+        /* Moderate upsize; overallocate similar to list_resize() */
+        alloc = size + (size >> 3) + (size < 9 ? 3 : 6);
+    }
+    else {
+        /* Major upsize; resize up to exact size */
+        alloc = size + 1;
+    }
+
+    if (((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_exports > 0) {
+            /*
+            fprintf(stderr, "%d: %s", ((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_exports,
+                    ((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_bytes);
+            */
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_BufferError,
+                    "Existing exports of data: object cannot be re-sized");
+            return -1;
+    }
+
+    sval = PyMem_Realloc(((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_bytes, alloc);
+    if (sval == NULL) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    ((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_bytes = sval;
+    Py_SIZE(self) = size;
+    ((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_alloc = alloc;
+    ((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_bytes[size] = '\0'; /* Trailing null byte */
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+PyObject *
+PyByteArray_Concat(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t size;
+    Py_buffer va, vb;
+    PyByteArrayObject *result = NULL;
+
+    va.len = -1;
+    vb.len = -1;
+    if (_getbuffer(a, &va) < 0  ||
+        _getbuffer(b, &vb) < 0) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "can't concat %.100s to %.100s",
+                         Py_TYPE(a)->tp_name, Py_TYPE(b)->tp_name);
+            goto done;
+    }
+
+    size = va.len + vb.len;
+    if (size < 0) {
+            return PyErr_NoMemory();
+            goto done;
+    }
+
+    result = (PyByteArrayObject *) PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size);
+    if (result != NULL) {
+        memcpy(result->ob_bytes, va.buf, va.len);
+        memcpy(result->ob_bytes + va.len, vb.buf, vb.len);
+    }
+
+  done:
+    if (va.len != -1)
+        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(a, &va);
+    if (vb.len != -1)
+        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(b, &vb);
+    return (PyObject *)result;
+}
+
+/* Functions stuffed into the type object */
+
+static Py_ssize_t
+bytes_length(PyByteArrayObject *self)
+{
+    return Py_SIZE(self);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_iconcat(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *other)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t mysize;
+    Py_ssize_t size;
+    Py_buffer vo;
+
+    if (_getbuffer(other, &vo) < 0) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "can't concat %.100s to %.100s",
+                     Py_TYPE(other)->tp_name, Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    mysize = Py_SIZE(self);
+    size = mysize + vo.len;
+    if (size < 0) {
+        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(other, &vo);
+        return PyErr_NoMemory();
+    }
+    if (size < self->ob_alloc) {
+        Py_SIZE(self) = size;
+        self->ob_bytes[Py_SIZE(self)] = '\0'; /* Trailing null byte */
+    }
+    else if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, size) < 0) {
+        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(other, &vo);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    memcpy(self->ob_bytes + mysize, vo.buf, vo.len);
+    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(other, &vo);
+    Py_INCREF(self);
+    return (PyObject *)self;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_repeat(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t count)
+{
+    PyByteArrayObject *result;
+    Py_ssize_t mysize;
+    Py_ssize_t size;
+
+    if (count < 0)
+        count = 0;
+    mysize = Py_SIZE(self);
+    size = mysize * count;
+    if (count != 0 && size / count != mysize)
+        return PyErr_NoMemory();
+    result = (PyByteArrayObject *)PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size);
+    if (result != NULL && size != 0) {
+        if (mysize == 1)
+            memset(result->ob_bytes, self->ob_bytes[0], size);
+        else {
+            Py_ssize_t i;
+            for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                memcpy(result->ob_bytes + i*mysize, self->ob_bytes, mysize);
+        }
+    }
+    return (PyObject *)result;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_irepeat(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t count)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t mysize;
+    Py_ssize_t size;
+
+    if (count < 0)
+        count = 0;
+    mysize = Py_SIZE(self);
+    size = mysize * count;
+    if (count != 0 && size / count != mysize)
+        return PyErr_NoMemory();
+    if (size < self->ob_alloc) {
+        Py_SIZE(self) = size;
+        self->ob_bytes[Py_SIZE(self)] = '\0'; /* Trailing null byte */
+    }
+    else if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, size) < 0)
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (mysize == 1)
+        memset(self->ob_bytes, self->ob_bytes[0], size);
+    else {
+        Py_ssize_t i;
+        for (i = 1; i < count; i++)
+            memcpy(self->ob_bytes + i*mysize, self->ob_bytes, mysize);
+    }
+
+    Py_INCREF(self);
+    return (PyObject *)self;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_getitem(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t i)
+{
+    if (i < 0)
+        i += Py_SIZE(self);
+    if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(self)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "bytearray index out of range");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyInt_FromLong((unsigned char)(self->ob_bytes[i]));
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_subscript(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *item)
+{
+    if (PyIndex_Check(item)) {
+        Py_ssize_t i = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_IndexError);
+
+        if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
+            return NULL;
+
+        if (i < 0)
+            i += PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
+
+        if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(self)) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "bytearray index out of range");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        return PyInt_FromLong((unsigned char)(self->ob_bytes[i]));
+    }
+    else if (PySlice_Check(item)) {
+        Py_ssize_t start, stop, step, slicelength, cur, i;
+        if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx((PySliceObject *)item,
+                                 PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self),
+                                 &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength) < 0) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (slicelength <= 0)
+            return PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize("", 0);
+        else if (step == 1) {
+            return PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(self->ob_bytes + start,
+                                             slicelength);
+        }
+        else {
+            char *source_buf = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
+            char *result_buf = (char *)PyMem_Malloc(slicelength);
+            PyObject *result;
+
+            if (result_buf == NULL)
+                return PyErr_NoMemory();
+
+            for (cur = start, i = 0; i < slicelength;
+                 cur += step, i++) {
+                     result_buf[i] = source_buf[cur];
+            }
+            result = PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(result_buf, slicelength);
+            PyMem_Free(result_buf);
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "bytearray indices must be integers");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+bytes_setslice(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t lo, Py_ssize_t hi,
+               PyObject *values)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t avail, needed;
+    void *bytes;
+    Py_buffer vbytes;
+    int res = 0;
+
+    vbytes.len = -1;
+    if (values == (PyObject *)self) {
+        /* Make a copy and call this function recursively */
+        int err;
+        values = PyByteArray_FromObject(values);
+        if (values == NULL)
+            return -1;
+        err = bytes_setslice(self, lo, hi, values);
+        Py_DECREF(values);
+        return err;
+    }
+    if (values == NULL) {
+        /* del b[lo:hi] */
+        bytes = NULL;
+        needed = 0;
+    }
+    else {
+            if (_getbuffer(values, &vbytes) < 0) {
+                    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                                 "can't set bytes slice from %.100s",
+                                 Py_TYPE(values)->tp_name);
+                    return -1;
+            }
+            needed = vbytes.len;
+            bytes = vbytes.buf;
+    }
+
+    if (lo < 0)
+        lo = 0;
+    if (hi < lo)
+        hi = lo;
+    if (hi > Py_SIZE(self))
+        hi = Py_SIZE(self);
+
+    avail = hi - lo;
+    if (avail < 0)
+        lo = hi = avail = 0;
+
+    if (avail != needed) {
+        if (avail > needed) {
+            /*
+              0   lo               hi               old_size
+              |   |<----avail----->|<-----tomove------>|
+              |   |<-needed->|<-----tomove------>|
+              0   lo      new_hi              new_size
+            */
+            memmove(self->ob_bytes + lo + needed, self->ob_bytes + hi,
+                    Py_SIZE(self) - hi);
+        }
+        /* XXX(nnorwitz): need to verify this can't overflow! */
+        if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self,
+                           Py_SIZE(self) + needed - avail) < 0) {
+                res = -1;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+        if (avail < needed) {
+            /*
+              0   lo        hi               old_size
+              |   |<-avail->|<-----tomove------>|
+              |   |<----needed---->|<-----tomove------>|
+              0   lo            new_hi              new_size
+             */
+            memmove(self->ob_bytes + lo + needed, self->ob_bytes + hi,
+                    Py_SIZE(self) - lo - needed);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (needed > 0)
+        memcpy(self->ob_bytes + lo, bytes, needed);
+
+
+ finish:
+    if (vbytes.len != -1)
+            PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(values, &vbytes);
+    return res;
+}
+
+static int
+bytes_setitem(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t i, PyObject *value)
+{
+    int ival;
+
+    if (i < 0)
+        i += Py_SIZE(self);
+
+    if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(self)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "bytearray index out of range");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (value == NULL)
+        return bytes_setslice(self, i, i+1, NULL);
+
+    if (!_getbytevalue(value, &ival))
+        return -1;
+
+    self->ob_bytes[i] = ival;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+bytes_ass_subscript(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *item, PyObject *values)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t start, stop, step, slicelen, needed;
+    char *bytes;
+
+    if (PyIndex_Check(item)) {
+        Py_ssize_t i = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_IndexError);
+
+        if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
+            return -1;
+
+        if (i < 0)
+            i += PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
+
+        if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(self)) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "bytearray index out of range");
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (values == NULL) {
+            /* Fall through to slice assignment */
+            start = i;
+            stop = i + 1;
+            step = 1;
+            slicelen = 1;
+        }
+        else {
+            Py_ssize_t ival = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(values, PyExc_ValueError);
+            if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                int int_value;
+                /* Also accept str of size 1 in 2.x */
+                PyErr_Clear();
+                if (!_getbytevalue(values, &int_value))
+                    return -1;
+                ival = (int) int_value;
+            } else if (ival < 0 || ival >= 256) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                                "byte must be in range(0, 256)");
+                return -1;
+            }
+            self->ob_bytes[i] = (char)ival;
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (PySlice_Check(item)) {
+        if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx((PySliceObject *)item,
+                                 PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self),
+                                 &start, &stop, &step, &slicelen) < 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "bytearray indices must be integer");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (values == NULL) {
+        bytes = NULL;
+        needed = 0;
+    }
+    else if (values == (PyObject *)self || !PyByteArray_Check(values)) {
+        /* Make a copy an call this function recursively */
+        int err;
+        values = PyByteArray_FromObject(values);
+        if (values == NULL)
+            return -1;
+        err = bytes_ass_subscript(self, item, values);
+        Py_DECREF(values);
+        return err;
+    }
+    else {
+        assert(PyByteArray_Check(values));
+        bytes = ((PyByteArrayObject *)values)->ob_bytes;
+        needed = Py_SIZE(values);
+    }
+    /* Make sure b[5:2] = ... inserts before 5, not before 2. */
+    if ((step < 0 && start < stop) ||
+        (step > 0 && start > stop))
+        stop = start;
+    if (step == 1) {
+        if (slicelen != needed) {
+            if (slicelen > needed) {
+                /*
+                  0   start           stop              old_size
+                  |   |<---slicelen--->|<-----tomove------>|
+                  |   |<-needed->|<-----tomove------>|
+                  0   lo      new_hi              new_size
+                */
+                memmove(self->ob_bytes + start + needed, self->ob_bytes + stop,
+                        Py_SIZE(self) - stop);
+            }
+            if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self,
+                               Py_SIZE(self) + needed - slicelen) < 0)
+                return -1;
+            if (slicelen < needed) {
+                /*
+                  0   lo        hi               old_size
+                  |   |<-avail->|<-----tomove------>|
+                  |   |<----needed---->|<-----tomove------>|
+                  0   lo            new_hi              new_size
+                 */
+                memmove(self->ob_bytes + start + needed, self->ob_bytes + stop,
+                        Py_SIZE(self) - start - needed);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (needed > 0)
+            memcpy(self->ob_bytes + start, bytes, needed);
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else {
+        if (needed == 0) {
+            /* Delete slice */
+            Py_ssize_t cur, i;
+
+            if (step < 0) {
+                stop = start + 1;
+                start = stop + step * (slicelen - 1) - 1;
+                step = -step;
+            }
+            for (cur = start, i = 0;
+                 i < slicelen; cur += step, i++) {
+                Py_ssize_t lim = step - 1;
+
+                if (cur + step >= PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self))
+                    lim = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self) - cur - 1;
+
+                memmove(self->ob_bytes + cur - i,
+                        self->ob_bytes + cur + 1, lim);
+            }
+            /* Move the tail of the bytes, in one chunk */
+            cur = start + slicelen*step;
+            if (cur < PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self)) {
+                memmove(self->ob_bytes + cur - slicelen,
+                        self->ob_bytes + cur,
+                        PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self) - cur);
+            }
+            if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self,
+                               PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self) - slicelen) < 0)
+                return -1;
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+        else {
+            /* Assign slice */
+            Py_ssize_t cur, i;
+
+            if (needed != slicelen) {
+                PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                             "attempt to assign bytes of size %zd "
+                             "to extended slice of size %zd",
+                             needed, slicelen);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            for (cur = start, i = 0; i < slicelen; cur += step, i++)
+                self->ob_bytes[cur] = bytes[i];
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+bytes_init(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"source", "encoding", "errors", 0};
+    PyObject *arg = NULL;
+    const char *encoding = NULL;
+    const char *errors = NULL;
+    Py_ssize_t count;
+    PyObject *it;
+    PyObject *(*iternext)(PyObject *);
+
+    if (Py_SIZE(self) != 0) {
+        /* Empty previous contents (yes, do this first of all!) */
+        if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, 0) < 0)
+            return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Parse arguments */
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "|Oss:bytes", kwlist,
+                                     &arg, &encoding, &errors))
+        return -1;
+
+    /* Make a quick exit if no first argument */
+    if (arg == NULL) {
+        if (encoding != NULL || errors != NULL) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                            "encoding or errors without sequence argument");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (PyBytes_Check(arg)) {
+        PyObject *new, *encoded;
+        if (encoding != NULL) {
+            encoded = PyCodec_Encode(arg, encoding, errors);
+            if (encoded == NULL)
+                return -1;
+            assert(PyBytes_Check(encoded));
+        }
+        else {
+            encoded = arg;
+            Py_INCREF(arg);
+        }
+        new = bytes_iconcat(self, arg);
+        Py_DECREF(encoded);
+        if (new == NULL)
+            return -1;
+        Py_DECREF(new);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
+        /* Encode via the codec registry */
+        PyObject *encoded, *new;
+        if (encoding == NULL) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                            "unicode argument without an encoding");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        encoded = PyCodec_Encode(arg, encoding, errors);
+        if (encoded == NULL)
+            return -1;
+        assert(PyBytes_Check(encoded));
+        new = bytes_iconcat(self, encoded);
+        Py_DECREF(encoded);
+        if (new == NULL)
+            return -1;
+        Py_DECREF(new);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* If it's not unicode, there can't be encoding or errors */
+    if (encoding != NULL || errors != NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "encoding or errors without a string argument");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Is it an int? */
+    count = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(arg, PyExc_ValueError);
+    if (count == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
+        PyErr_Clear();
+    else {
+        if (count < 0) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "negative count");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (count > 0) {
+            if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, count))
+                return -1;
+            memset(self->ob_bytes, 0, count);
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Use the buffer API */
+    if (PyObject_CheckBuffer(arg)) {
+        Py_ssize_t size;
+        Py_buffer view;
+        if (PyObject_GetBuffer(arg, &view, PyBUF_FULL_RO) < 0)
+            return -1;
+        size = view.len;
+        if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, size) < 0) goto fail;
+        if (PyBuffer_ToContiguous(self->ob_bytes, &view, size, 'C') < 0)
+                goto fail;
+        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(arg, &view);
+        return 0;
+    fail:
+        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(arg, &view);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* XXX Optimize this if the arguments is a list, tuple */
+
+    /* Get the iterator */
+    it = PyObject_GetIter(arg);
+    if (it == NULL)
+        return -1;
+    iternext = *Py_TYPE(it)->tp_iternext;
+
+    /* Run the iterator to exhaustion */
+    for (;;) {
+        PyObject *item;
+        Py_ssize_t value;
+
+        /* Get the next item */
+        item = iternext(it);
+        if (item == NULL) {
+            if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_StopIteration))
+                    goto error;
+                PyErr_Clear();
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* Interpret it as an int (__index__) */
+        value = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_ValueError);
+        Py_DECREF(item);
+        if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
+            goto error;
+
+        /* Range check */
+        if (value < 0 || value >= 256) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "bytes must be in range(0, 256)");
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        /* Append the byte */
+        if (Py_SIZE(self) < self->ob_alloc)
+            Py_SIZE(self)++;
+        else if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, Py_SIZE(self)+1) < 0)
+            goto error;
+        self->ob_bytes[Py_SIZE(self)-1] = value;
+    }
+
+    /* Clean up and return success */
+    Py_DECREF(it);
+    return 0;
+
+ error:
+    /* Error handling when it != NULL */
+    Py_DECREF(it);
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/* Mostly copied from string_repr, but without the
+   "smart quote" functionality. */
+static PyObject *
+bytes_repr(PyByteArrayObject *self)
+{
+    static const char *hexdigits = "0123456789abcdef";
+    const char *quote_prefix = "bytearray(b";
+    const char *quote_postfix = ")";
+    Py_ssize_t length = Py_SIZE(self);
+    /* 14 == strlen(quote_prefix) + 2 + strlen(quote_postfix) */
+    size_t newsize = 14 + 4 * length;
+    PyObject *v;
+    if (newsize > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX || newsize / 4 - 3 != length) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+            "bytearray object is too large to make repr");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    v = PyUnicode_FromUnicode(NULL, newsize);
+    if (v == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    else {
+        register Py_ssize_t i;
+        register Py_UNICODE c;
+        register Py_UNICODE *p;
+        int quote;
+
+        /* Figure out which quote to use; single is preferred */
+        quote = '\'';
+        {
+            char *test, *start;
+            start = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
+            for (test = start; test < start+length; ++test) {
+                if (*test == '"') {
+                    quote = '\''; /* back to single */
+                    goto decided;
+                }
+                else if (*test == '\'')
+                    quote = '"';
+            }
+          decided:
+            ;
+        }
+
+        p = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(v);
+        while (*quote_prefix)
+            *p++ = *quote_prefix++;
+        *p++ = quote;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            /* There's at least enough room for a hex escape
+               and a closing quote. */
+            assert(newsize - (p - PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(v)) >= 5);
+            c = self->ob_bytes[i];
+            if (c == '\'' || c == '\\')
+                *p++ = '\\', *p++ = c;
+            else if (c == '\t')
+                *p++ = '\\', *p++ = 't';
+            else if (c == '\n')
+                *p++ = '\\', *p++ = 'n';
+            else if (c == '\r')
+                *p++ = '\\', *p++ = 'r';
+            else if (c == 0)
+                *p++ = '\\', *p++ = 'x', *p++ = '0', *p++ = '0';
+            else if (c < ' ' || c >= 0x7f) {
+                *p++ = '\\';
+                *p++ = 'x';
+                *p++ = hexdigits[(c & 0xf0) >> 4];
+                *p++ = hexdigits[c & 0xf];
+            }
+            else
+                *p++ = c;
+        }
+        assert(newsize - (p - PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(v)) >= 1);
+        *p++ = quote;
+        while (*quote_postfix) {
+           *p++ = *quote_postfix++;
+        }
+        *p = '\0';
+        if (PyUnicode_Resize(&v, (p - PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(v)))) {
+            Py_DECREF(v);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        return v;
+    }
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_str(PyObject *op)
+{
+#if 0
+    if (Py_BytesWarningFlag) {
+        if (PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_BytesWarning,
+                 "str() on a bytearray instance", 1))
+            return NULL;
+    }
+    return bytes_repr((PyByteArrayObject*)op);
+#endif
+    return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(((PyByteArrayObject*)op)->ob_bytes, Py_SIZE(op));
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_richcompare(PyObject *self, PyObject *other, int op)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t self_size, other_size;
+    Py_buffer self_bytes, other_bytes;
+    PyObject *res;
+    Py_ssize_t minsize;
+    int cmp;
+
+    /* Bytes can be compared to anything that supports the (binary)
+       buffer API.  Except that a comparison with Unicode is always an
+       error, even if the comparison is for equality. */
+    if (PyObject_IsInstance(self, (PyObject*)&PyUnicode_Type) ||
+        PyObject_IsInstance(other, (PyObject*)&PyUnicode_Type)) {
+        if (Py_BytesWarningFlag && op == Py_EQ) {
+            if (PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_BytesWarning,
+                            "Comparsion between bytearray and string", 1))
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented);
+        return Py_NotImplemented;
+    }
+
+    self_size = _getbuffer(self, &self_bytes);
+    if (self_size < 0) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented);
+        return Py_NotImplemented;
+    }
+
+    other_size = _getbuffer(other, &other_bytes);
+    if (other_size < 0) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(self, &self_bytes);
+        Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented);
+        return Py_NotImplemented;
+    }
+
+    if (self_size != other_size && (op == Py_EQ || op == Py_NE)) {
+        /* Shortcut: if the lengths differ, the objects differ */
+        cmp = (op == Py_NE);
+    }
+    else {
+        minsize = self_size;
+        if (other_size < minsize)
+            minsize = other_size;
+
+        cmp = memcmp(self_bytes.buf, other_bytes.buf, minsize);
+        /* In ISO C, memcmp() guarantees to use unsigned bytes! */
+
+        if (cmp == 0) {
+            if (self_size < other_size)
+                cmp = -1;
+            else if (self_size > other_size)
+                cmp = 1;
+        }
+
+        switch (op) {
+        case Py_LT: cmp = cmp <  0; break;
+        case Py_LE: cmp = cmp <= 0; break;
+        case Py_EQ: cmp = cmp == 0; break;
+        case Py_NE: cmp = cmp != 0; break;
+        case Py_GT: cmp = cmp >  0; break;
+        case Py_GE: cmp = cmp >= 0; break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    res = cmp ? Py_True : Py_False;
+    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(self, &self_bytes);
+    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(other, &other_bytes);
+    Py_INCREF(res);
+    return res;
+}
+
+static void
+bytes_dealloc(PyByteArrayObject *self)
+{
+    if (self->ob_bytes != 0) {
+        PyMem_Free(self->ob_bytes);
+    }
+    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
+}
+
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* Methods */
+
+#define STRINGLIB_CHAR char
+#define STRINGLIB_CMP memcmp
+#define STRINGLIB_LEN PyByteArray_GET_SIZE
+#define STRINGLIB_STR PyByteArray_AS_STRING
+#define STRINGLIB_NEW PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize
+#define STRINGLIB_EMPTY nullbytes
+#define STRINGLIB_CHECK_EXACT PyByteArray_CheckExact
+#define STRINGLIB_MUTABLE 1
+
+#include "stringlib/fastsearch.h"
+#include "stringlib/count.h"
+#include "stringlib/find.h"
+#include "stringlib/partition.h"
+#include "stringlib/ctype.h"
+#include "stringlib/transmogrify.h"
+
+
+/* The following Py_LOCAL_INLINE and Py_LOCAL functions
+were copied from the old char* style string object. */
+
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(void)
+_adjust_indices(Py_ssize_t *start, Py_ssize_t *end, Py_ssize_t len)
+{
+    if (*end > len)
+        *end = len;
+    else if (*end < 0)
+        *end += len;
+    if (*end < 0)
+        *end = 0;
+    if (*start < 0)
+        *start += len;
+    if (*start < 0)
+        *start = 0;
+}
+
+
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(Py_ssize_t)
+bytes_find_internal(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args, int dir)
+{
+    PyObject *subobj;
+    Py_buffer subbuf;
+    Py_ssize_t start=0, end=PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
+    Py_ssize_t res;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|O&O&:find/rfind/index/rindex", &subobj,
+        _PyEval_SliceIndex, &start, _PyEval_SliceIndex, &end))
+        return -2;
+    if (_getbuffer(subobj, &subbuf) < 0)
+        return -2;
+    if (dir > 0)
+        res = stringlib_find_slice(
+            PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self), PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self),
+            subbuf.buf, subbuf.len, start, end);
+    else
+        res = stringlib_rfind_slice(
+            PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self), PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self),
+            subbuf.buf, subbuf.len, start, end);
+    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &subbuf);
+    return res;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(find__doc__,
+"B.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
+\n\
+Return the lowest index in B where subsection sub is found,\n\
+such that sub is contained within s[start,end].  Optional\n\
+arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.\n\
+\n\
+Return -1 on failure.");
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_find(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t result = bytes_find_internal(self, args, +1);
+    if (result == -2)
+        return NULL;
+    return PyInt_FromSsize_t(result);
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(count__doc__,
+"B.count(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
+\n\
+Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of subsection sub in\n\
+bytes B[start:end].  Optional arguments start and end are interpreted\n\
+as in slice notation.");
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_count(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *sub_obj;
+    const char *str = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
+    Py_ssize_t start = 0, end = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
+    Py_buffer vsub;
+    PyObject *count_obj;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|O&O&:count", &sub_obj,
+        _PyEval_SliceIndex, &start, _PyEval_SliceIndex, &end))
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (_getbuffer(sub_obj, &vsub) < 0)
+        return NULL;
+
+    _adjust_indices(&start, &end, PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self));
+
+    count_obj = PyInt_FromSsize_t(
+        stringlib_count(str + start, end - start, vsub.buf, vsub.len)
+        );
+    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(sub_obj, &vsub);
+    return count_obj;
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(index__doc__,
+"B.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
+\n\
+Like B.find() but raise ValueError when the subsection is not found.");
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_index(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t result = bytes_find_internal(self, args, +1);
+    if (result == -2)
+        return NULL;
+    if (result == -1) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "subsection not found");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyInt_FromSsize_t(result);
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(rfind__doc__,
+"B.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
+\n\
+Return the highest index in B where subsection sub is found,\n\
+such that sub is contained within s[start,end].  Optional\n\
+arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.\n\
+\n\
+Return -1 on failure.");
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_rfind(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t result = bytes_find_internal(self, args, -1);
+    if (result == -2)
+        return NULL;
+    return PyInt_FromSsize_t(result);
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(rindex__doc__,
+"B.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
+\n\
+Like B.rfind() but raise ValueError when the subsection is not found.");
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_rindex(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t result = bytes_find_internal(self, args, -1);
+    if (result == -2)
+        return NULL;
+    if (result == -1) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "subsection not found");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyInt_FromSsize_t(result);
+}
+
+
+static int
+bytes_contains(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t ival = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(arg, PyExc_ValueError);
+    if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        Py_buffer varg;
+        int pos;
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        if (_getbuffer(arg, &varg) < 0)
+            return -1;
+        pos = stringlib_find(PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self), Py_SIZE(self),
+                             varg.buf, varg.len, 0);
+        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(arg, &varg);
+        return pos >= 0;
+    }
+    if (ival < 0 || ival >= 256) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "byte must be in range(0, 256)");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return memchr(PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self), ival, Py_SIZE(self)) != NULL;
+}
+
+
+/* Matches the end (direction >= 0) or start (direction < 0) of self
+ * against substr, using the start and end arguments. Returns
+ * -1 on error, 0 if not found and 1 if found.
+ */
+Py_LOCAL(int)
+_bytes_tailmatch(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *substr, Py_ssize_t start,
+                 Py_ssize_t end, int direction)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
+    const char* str;
+    Py_buffer vsubstr;
+    int rv = 0;
+
+    str = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
+
+    if (_getbuffer(substr, &vsubstr) < 0)
+        return -1;
+
+    _adjust_indices(&start, &end, len);
+
+    if (direction < 0) {
+        /* startswith */
+        if (start+vsubstr.len > len) {
+            goto done;
+        }
+    } else {
+        /* endswith */
+        if (end-start < vsubstr.len || start > len) {
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        if (end-vsubstr.len > start)
+            start = end - vsubstr.len;
+    }
+    if (end-start >= vsubstr.len)
+        rv = ! memcmp(str+start, vsubstr.buf, vsubstr.len);
+
+done:
+    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(substr, &vsubstr);
+    return rv;
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(startswith__doc__,
+"B.startswith(prefix [,start [,end]]) -> bool\n\
+\n\
+Return True if B starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.\n\
+With optional start, test B beginning at that position.\n\
+With optional end, stop comparing B at that position.\n\
+prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.");
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_startswith(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t start = 0;
+    Py_ssize_t end = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
+    PyObject *subobj;
+    int result;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|O&O&:startswith", &subobj,
+        _PyEval_SliceIndex, &start, _PyEval_SliceIndex, &end))
+        return NULL;
+    if (PyTuple_Check(subobj)) {
+        Py_ssize_t i;
+        for (i = 0; i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(subobj); i++) {
+            result = _bytes_tailmatch(self,
+                                      PyTuple_GET_ITEM(subobj, i),
+                                      start, end, -1);
+            if (result == -1)
+                return NULL;
+            else if (result) {
+                Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+            }
+        }
+        Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+    }
+    result = _bytes_tailmatch(self, subobj, start, end, -1);
+    if (result == -1)
+        return NULL;
+    else
+        return PyBool_FromLong(result);
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(endswith__doc__,
+"B.endswith(suffix [,start [,end]]) -> bool\n\
+\n\
+Return True if B ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.\n\
+With optional start, test B beginning at that position.\n\
+With optional end, stop comparing B at that position.\n\
+suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.");
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_endswith(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t start = 0;
+    Py_ssize_t end = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
+    PyObject *subobj;
+    int result;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|O&O&:endswith", &subobj,
+        _PyEval_SliceIndex, &start, _PyEval_SliceIndex, &end))
+        return NULL;
+    if (PyTuple_Check(subobj)) {
+        Py_ssize_t i;
+        for (i = 0; i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(subobj); i++) {
+            result = _bytes_tailmatch(self,
+                                      PyTuple_GET_ITEM(subobj, i),
+                                      start, end, +1);
+            if (result == -1)
+                return NULL;
+            else if (result) {
+                Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+            }
+        }
+        Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+    }
+    result = _bytes_tailmatch(self, subobj, start, end, +1);
+    if (result == -1)
+        return NULL;
+    else
+        return PyBool_FromLong(result);
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(translate__doc__,
+"B.translate(table[, deletechars]) -> bytearray\n\
+\n\
+Return a copy of B, where all characters occurring in the\n\
+optional argument deletechars are removed, and the remaining\n\
+characters have been mapped through the given translation\n\
+table, which must be a bytes object of length 256.");
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_translate(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    register char *input, *output;
+    register const char *table;
+    register Py_ssize_t i, c, changed = 0;
+    PyObject *input_obj = (PyObject*)self;
+    const char *output_start;
+    Py_ssize_t inlen;
+    PyObject *result;
+    int trans_table[256];
+    PyObject *tableobj, *delobj = NULL;
+    Py_buffer vtable, vdel;
+
+    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "translate", 1, 2,
+                           &tableobj, &delobj))
+          return NULL;
+
+    if (_getbuffer(tableobj, &vtable) < 0)
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (vtable.len != 256) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "translation table must be 256 characters long");
+        result = NULL;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (delobj != NULL) {
+        if (_getbuffer(delobj, &vdel) < 0) {
+            result = NULL;
+            goto done;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        vdel.buf = NULL;
+        vdel.len = 0;
+    }
+
+    table = (const char *)vtable.buf;
+    inlen = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(input_obj);
+    result = PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, inlen);
+    if (result == NULL)
+        goto done;
+    output_start = output = PyByteArray_AsString(result);
+    input = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(input_obj);
+
+    if (vdel.len == 0) {
+        /* If no deletions are required, use faster code */
+        for (i = inlen; --i >= 0; ) {
+            c = Py_CHARMASK(*input++);
+            if (Py_CHARMASK((*output++ = table[c])) != c)
+                changed = 1;
+        }
+        if (changed || !PyByteArray_CheckExact(input_obj))
+            goto done;
+        Py_DECREF(result);
+        Py_INCREF(input_obj);
+        result = input_obj;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+        trans_table[i] = Py_CHARMASK(table[i]);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < vdel.len; i++)
+        trans_table[(int) Py_CHARMASK( ((unsigned char*)vdel.buf)[i] )] = -1;
+
+    for (i = inlen; --i >= 0; ) {
+        c = Py_CHARMASK(*input++);
+        if (trans_table[c] != -1)
+            if (Py_CHARMASK(*output++ = (char)trans_table[c]) == c)
+                    continue;
+        changed = 1;
+    }
+    if (!changed && PyByteArray_CheckExact(input_obj)) {
+        Py_DECREF(result);
+        Py_INCREF(input_obj);
+        result = input_obj;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    /* Fix the size of the resulting string */
+    if (inlen > 0)
+        PyByteArray_Resize(result, output - output_start);
+
+done:
+    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(tableobj, &vtable);
+    if (delobj != NULL)
+        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(delobj, &vdel);
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+#define FORWARD 1
+#define REVERSE -1
+
+/* find and count characters and substrings */
+
+#define findchar(target, target_len, c)                         \
+  ((char *)memchr((const void *)(target), c, target_len))
+
+/* Don't call if length < 2 */
+#define Py_STRING_MATCH(target, offset, pattern, length)        \
+  (target[offset] == pattern[0] &&                              \
+   target[offset+length-1] == pattern[length-1] &&              \
+   !memcmp(target+offset+1, pattern+1, length-2) )
+
+
+/* Bytes ops must return a string.  */
+/* If the object is subclass of bytes, create a copy */
+Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
+return_self(PyByteArrayObject *self)
+{
+    if (PyByteArray_CheckExact(self)) {
+        Py_INCREF(self);
+        return (PyByteArrayObject *)self;
+    }
+    return (PyByteArrayObject *)PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(
+            PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self),
+            PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self));
+}
+
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(Py_ssize_t)
+countchar(const char *target, Py_ssize_t target_len, char c, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t count=0;
+    const char *start=target;
+    const char *end=target+target_len;
+
+    while ( (start=findchar(start, end-start, c)) != NULL ) {
+        count++;
+        if (count >= maxcount)
+            break;
+        start += 1;
+    }
+    return count;
+}
+
+Py_LOCAL(Py_ssize_t)
+findstring(const char *target, Py_ssize_t target_len,
+           const char *pattern, Py_ssize_t pattern_len,
+           Py_ssize_t start,
+           Py_ssize_t end,
+           int direction)
+{
+    if (start < 0) {
+        start += target_len;
+        if (start < 0)
+            start = 0;
+    }
+    if (end > target_len) {
+        end = target_len;
+    } else if (end < 0) {
+        end += target_len;
+        if (end < 0)
+            end = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* zero-length substrings always match at the first attempt */
+    if (pattern_len == 0)
+        return (direction > 0) ? start : end;
+
+    end -= pattern_len;
+
+    if (direction < 0) {
+        for (; end >= start; end--)
+            if (Py_STRING_MATCH(target, end, pattern, pattern_len))
+                return end;
+    } else {
+        for (; start <= end; start++)
+            if (Py_STRING_MATCH(target, start, pattern, pattern_len))
+                return start;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(Py_ssize_t)
+countstring(const char *target, Py_ssize_t target_len,
+            const char *pattern, Py_ssize_t pattern_len,
+            Py_ssize_t start,
+            Py_ssize_t end,
+            int direction, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t count=0;
+
+    if (start < 0) {
+        start += target_len;
+        if (start < 0)
+            start = 0;
+    }
+    if (end > target_len) {
+        end = target_len;
+    } else if (end < 0) {
+        end += target_len;
+        if (end < 0)
+            end = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* zero-length substrings match everywhere */
+    if (pattern_len == 0 || maxcount == 0) {
+        if (target_len+1 < maxcount)
+            return target_len+1;
+        return maxcount;
+    }
+
+    end -= pattern_len;
+    if (direction < 0) {
+        for (; (end >= start); end--)
+            if (Py_STRING_MATCH(target, end, pattern, pattern_len)) {
+                count++;
+                if (--maxcount <= 0) break;
+                end -= pattern_len-1;
+            }
+    } else {
+        for (; (start <= end); start++)
+            if (Py_STRING_MATCH(target, start, pattern, pattern_len)) {
+                count++;
+                if (--maxcount <= 0)
+                    break;
+                start += pattern_len-1;
+            }
+    }
+    return count;
+}
+
+
+/* Algorithms for different cases of string replacement */
+
+/* len(self)>=1, from="", len(to)>=1, maxcount>=1 */
+Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
+replace_interleave(PyByteArrayObject *self,
+                   const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
+                   Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+    char *self_s, *result_s;
+    Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
+    Py_ssize_t count, i, product;
+    PyByteArrayObject *result;
+
+    self_len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
+
+    /* 1 at the end plus 1 after every character */
+    count = self_len+1;
+    if (maxcount < count)
+        count = maxcount;
+
+    /* Check for overflow */
+    /*   result_len = count * to_len + self_len; */
+    product = count * to_len;
+    if (product / to_len != count) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                        "replace string is too long");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    result_len = product + self_len;
+    if (result_len < 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                        "replace string is too long");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (! (result = (PyByteArrayObject *)
+                     PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) )
+        return NULL;
+
+    self_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
+    result_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(result);
+
+    /* TODO: special case single character, which doesn't need memcpy */
+
+    /* Lay the first one down (guaranteed this will occur) */
+    Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
+    result_s += to_len;
+    count -= 1;
+
+    for (i=0; i<count; i++) {
+        *result_s++ = *self_s++;
+        Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
+        result_s += to_len;
+    }
+
+    /* Copy the rest of the original string */
+    Py_MEMCPY(result_s, self_s, self_len-i);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/* Special case for deleting a single character */
+/* len(self)>=1, len(from)==1, to="", maxcount>=1 */
+Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
+replace_delete_single_character(PyByteArrayObject *self,
+                                char from_c, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+    char *self_s, *result_s;
+    char *start, *next, *end;
+    Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
+    Py_ssize_t count;
+    PyByteArrayObject *result;
+
+    self_len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
+    self_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
+
+    count = countchar(self_s, self_len, from_c, maxcount);
+    if (count == 0) {
+        return return_self(self);
+    }
+
+    result_len = self_len - count;  /* from_len == 1 */
+    assert(result_len>=0);
+
+    if ( (result = (PyByteArrayObject *)
+                    PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    result_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(result);
+
+    start = self_s;
+    end = self_s + self_len;
+    while (count-- > 0) {
+        next = findchar(start, end-start, from_c);
+        if (next == NULL)
+            break;
+        Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, next-start);
+        result_s += (next-start);
+        start = next+1;
+    }
+    Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, end-start);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/* len(self)>=1, len(from)>=2, to="", maxcount>=1 */
+
+Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
+replace_delete_substring(PyByteArrayObject *self,
+                         const char *from_s, Py_ssize_t from_len,
+                         Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+    char *self_s, *result_s;
+    char *start, *next, *end;
+    Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
+    Py_ssize_t count, offset;
+    PyByteArrayObject *result;
+
+    self_len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
+    self_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
+
+    count = countstring(self_s, self_len,
+                        from_s, from_len,
+                        0, self_len, 1,
+                        maxcount);
+
+    if (count == 0) {
+        /* no matches */
+        return return_self(self);
+    }
+
+    result_len = self_len - (count * from_len);
+    assert (result_len>=0);
+
+    if ( (result = (PyByteArrayObject *)
+        PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) == NULL )
+            return NULL;
+
+    result_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(result);
+
+    start = self_s;
+    end = self_s + self_len;
+    while (count-- > 0) {
+        offset = findstring(start, end-start,
+                            from_s, from_len,
+                            0, end-start, FORWARD);
+        if (offset == -1)
+            break;
+        next = start + offset;
+
+        Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, next-start);
+
+        result_s += (next-start);
+        start = next+from_len;
+    }
+    Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, end-start);
+    return result;
+}
+
+/* len(self)>=1, len(from)==len(to)==1, maxcount>=1 */
+Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
+replace_single_character_in_place(PyByteArrayObject *self,
+                                  char from_c, char to_c,
+                                  Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+        char *self_s, *result_s, *start, *end, *next;
+        Py_ssize_t self_len;
+        PyByteArrayObject *result;
+
+        /* The result string will be the same size */
+        self_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
+        self_len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
+
+        next = findchar(self_s, self_len, from_c);
+
+        if (next == NULL) {
+                /* No matches; return the original bytes */
+                return return_self(self);
+        }
+
+        /* Need to make a new bytes */
+        result = (PyByteArrayObject *) PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, self_len);
+        if (result == NULL)
+                return NULL;
+        result_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(result);
+        Py_MEMCPY(result_s, self_s, self_len);
+
+        /* change everything in-place, starting with this one */
+        start =  result_s + (next-self_s);
+        *start = to_c;
+        start++;
+        end = result_s + self_len;
+
+        while (--maxcount > 0) {
+                next = findchar(start, end-start, from_c);
+                if (next == NULL)
+                        break;
+                *next = to_c;
+                start = next+1;
+        }
+
+        return result;
+}
+
+/* len(self)>=1, len(from)==len(to)>=2, maxcount>=1 */
+Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
+replace_substring_in_place(PyByteArrayObject *self,
+                           const char *from_s, Py_ssize_t from_len,
+                           const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
+                           Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+    char *result_s, *start, *end;
+    char *self_s;
+    Py_ssize_t self_len, offset;
+    PyByteArrayObject *result;
+
+    /* The result bytes will be the same size */
+
+    self_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
+    self_len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
+
+    offset = findstring(self_s, self_len,
+                        from_s, from_len,
+                        0, self_len, FORWARD);
+    if (offset == -1) {
+        /* No matches; return the original bytes */
+        return return_self(self);
+    }
+
+    /* Need to make a new bytes */
+    result = (PyByteArrayObject *) PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, self_len);
+    if (result == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    result_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(result);
+    Py_MEMCPY(result_s, self_s, self_len);
+
+    /* change everything in-place, starting with this one */
+    start =  result_s + offset;
+    Py_MEMCPY(start, to_s, from_len);
+    start += from_len;
+    end = result_s + self_len;
+
+    while ( --maxcount > 0) {
+        offset = findstring(start, end-start,
+                            from_s, from_len,
+                            0, end-start, FORWARD);
+        if (offset==-1)
+            break;
+        Py_MEMCPY(start+offset, to_s, from_len);
+        start += offset+from_len;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/* len(self)>=1, len(from)==1, len(to)>=2, maxcount>=1 */
+Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
+replace_single_character(PyByteArrayObject *self,
+                         char from_c,
+                         const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
+                         Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+    char *self_s, *result_s;
+    char *start, *next, *end;
+    Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
+    Py_ssize_t count, product;
+    PyByteArrayObject *result;
+
+    self_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
+    self_len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
+
+    count = countchar(self_s, self_len, from_c, maxcount);
+    if (count == 0) {
+        /* no matches, return unchanged */
+        return return_self(self);
+    }
+
+    /* use the difference between current and new, hence the "-1" */
+    /*   result_len = self_len + count * (to_len-1)  */
+    product = count * (to_len-1);
+    if (product / (to_len-1) != count) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "replace bytes is too long");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    result_len = self_len + product;
+    if (result_len < 0) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "replace bytes is too long");
+            return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if ( (result = (PyByteArrayObject *)
+          PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) == NULL)
+            return NULL;
+    result_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(result);
+
+    start = self_s;
+    end = self_s + self_len;
+    while (count-- > 0) {
+        next = findchar(start, end-start, from_c);
+        if (next == NULL)
+            break;
+
+        if (next == start) {
+            /* replace with the 'to' */
+            Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
+            result_s += to_len;
+            start += 1;
+        } else {
+            /* copy the unchanged old then the 'to' */
+            Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, next-start);
+            result_s += (next-start);
+            Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
+            result_s += to_len;
+            start = next+1;
+        }
+    }
+    /* Copy the remainder of the remaining bytes */
+    Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, end-start);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/* len(self)>=1, len(from)>=2, len(to)>=2, maxcount>=1 */
+Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
+replace_substring(PyByteArrayObject *self,
+                  const char *from_s, Py_ssize_t from_len,
+                  const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
+                  Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+    char *self_s, *result_s;
+    char *start, *next, *end;
+    Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
+    Py_ssize_t count, offset, product;
+    PyByteArrayObject *result;
+
+    self_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
+    self_len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
+
+    count = countstring(self_s, self_len,
+                        from_s, from_len,
+                        0, self_len, FORWARD, maxcount);
+    if (count == 0) {
+        /* no matches, return unchanged */
+        return return_self(self);
+    }
+
+    /* Check for overflow */
+    /*    result_len = self_len + count * (to_len-from_len) */
+    product = count * (to_len-from_len);
+    if (product / (to_len-from_len) != count) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "replace bytes is too long");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    result_len = self_len + product;
+    if (result_len < 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "replace bytes is too long");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if ( (result = (PyByteArrayObject *)
+          PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    result_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(result);
+
+    start = self_s;
+    end = self_s + self_len;
+    while (count-- > 0) {
+        offset = findstring(start, end-start,
+                            from_s, from_len,
+                            0, end-start, FORWARD);
+        if (offset == -1)
+            break;
+        next = start+offset;
+        if (next == start) {
+            /* replace with the 'to' */
+            Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
+            result_s += to_len;
+            start += from_len;
+        } else {
+            /* copy the unchanged old then the 'to' */
+            Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, next-start);
+            result_s += (next-start);
+            Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
+            result_s += to_len;
+            start = next+from_len;
+        }
+    }
+    /* Copy the remainder of the remaining bytes */
+    Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, end-start);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
+replace(PyByteArrayObject *self,
+        const char *from_s, Py_ssize_t from_len,
+        const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
+        Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+    if (maxcount < 0) {
+        maxcount = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
+    } else if (maxcount == 0 || PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self) == 0) {
+        /* nothing to do; return the original bytes */
+        return return_self(self);
+    }
+
+    if (maxcount == 0 ||
+        (from_len == 0 && to_len == 0)) {
+        /* nothing to do; return the original bytes */
+        return return_self(self);
+    }
+
+    /* Handle zero-length special cases */
+
+    if (from_len == 0) {
+        /* insert the 'to' bytes everywhere.   */
+        /*    >>> "Python".replace("", ".")     */
+        /*    '.P.y.t.h.o.n.'                   */
+        return replace_interleave(self, to_s, to_len, maxcount);
+    }
+
+    /* Except for "".replace("", "A") == "A" there is no way beyond this */
+    /* point for an empty self bytes to generate a non-empty bytes */
+    /* Special case so the remaining code always gets a non-empty bytes */
+    if (PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self) == 0) {
+        return return_self(self);
+    }
+
+    if (to_len == 0) {
+        /* delete all occurances of 'from' bytes */
+        if (from_len == 1) {
+            return replace_delete_single_character(
+                    self, from_s[0], maxcount);
+        } else {
+            return replace_delete_substring(self, from_s, from_len, maxcount);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Handle special case where both bytes have the same length */
+
+    if (from_len == to_len) {
+        if (from_len == 1) {
+            return replace_single_character_in_place(
+                    self,
+                    from_s[0],
+                    to_s[0],
+                    maxcount);
+        } else {
+            return replace_substring_in_place(
+                self, from_s, from_len, to_s, to_len, maxcount);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Otherwise use the more generic algorithms */
+    if (from_len == 1) {
+        return replace_single_character(self, from_s[0],
+                                        to_s, to_len, maxcount);
+    } else {
+        /* len('from')>=2, len('to')>=1 */
+        return replace_substring(self, from_s, from_len, to_s, to_len, maxcount);
+    }
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(replace__doc__,
+"B.replace(old, new[, count]) -> bytes\n\
+\n\
+Return a copy of B with all occurrences of subsection\n\
+old replaced by new.  If the optional argument count is\n\
+given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.");
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_replace(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t count = -1;
+    PyObject *from, *to, *res;
+    Py_buffer vfrom, vto;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO|n:replace", &from, &to, &count))
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (_getbuffer(from, &vfrom) < 0)
+        return NULL;
+    if (_getbuffer(to, &vto) < 0) {
+        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(from, &vfrom);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    res = (PyObject *)replace((PyByteArrayObject *) self,
+                              vfrom.buf, vfrom.len,
+                              vto.buf, vto.len, count);
+
+    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(from, &vfrom);
+    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(to, &vto);
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+/* Overallocate the initial list to reduce the number of reallocs for small
+   split sizes.  Eg, "A A A A A A A A A A".split() (10 elements) has three
+   resizes, to sizes 4, 8, then 16.  Most observed string splits are for human
+   text (roughly 11 words per line) and field delimited data (usually 1-10
+   fields).  For large strings the split algorithms are bandwidth limited
+   so increasing the preallocation likely will not improve things.*/
+
+#define MAX_PREALLOC 12
+
+/* 5 splits gives 6 elements */
+#define PREALLOC_SIZE(maxsplit) \
+    (maxsplit >= MAX_PREALLOC ? MAX_PREALLOC : maxsplit+1)
+
+#define SPLIT_APPEND(data, left, right)                         \
+    str = PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize((data) + (left),       \
+                                     (right) - (left));     \
+    if (str == NULL)                                        \
+        goto onError;                                   \
+    if (PyList_Append(list, str)) {                         \
+        Py_DECREF(str);                                 \
+        goto onError;                                   \
+    }                                                       \
+    else                                                    \
+        Py_DECREF(str);
+
+#define SPLIT_ADD(data, left, right) {                          \
+    str = PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize((data) + (left),       \
+                                     (right) - (left));     \
+    if (str == NULL)                                        \
+        goto onError;                                   \
+    if (count < MAX_PREALLOC) {                             \
+        PyList_SET_ITEM(list, count, str);              \
+    } else {                                                \
+        if (PyList_Append(list, str)) {                 \
+            Py_DECREF(str);                         \
+            goto onError;                           \
+        }                                               \
+        else                                            \
+            Py_DECREF(str);                         \
+    }                                                       \
+    count++; }
+
+/* Always force the list to the expected size. */
+#define FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list) Py_SIZE(list) = count
+
+
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
+split_char(const char *s, Py_ssize_t len, char ch, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+    register Py_ssize_t i, j, count = 0;
+    PyObject *str;
+    PyObject *list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxcount));
+
+    if (list == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    i = j = 0;
+    while ((j < len) && (maxcount-- > 0)) {
+        for(; j < len; j++) {
+            /* I found that using memchr makes no difference */
+            if (s[j] == ch) {
+                SPLIT_ADD(s, i, j);
+                i = j = j + 1;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (i <= len) {
+        SPLIT_ADD(s, i, len);
+    }
+    FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
+    return list;
+
+  onError:
+    Py_DECREF(list);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
+split_whitespace(const char *s, Py_ssize_t len, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+    register Py_ssize_t i, j, count = 0;
+    PyObject *str;
+    PyObject *list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxcount));
+
+    if (list == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    for (i = j = 0; i < len; ) {
+        /* find a token */
+        while (i < len && ISSPACE(s[i]))
+            i++;
+        j = i;
+        while (i < len && !ISSPACE(s[i]))
+            i++;
+        if (j < i) {
+            if (maxcount-- <= 0)
+                break;
+            SPLIT_ADD(s, j, i);
+            while (i < len && ISSPACE(s[i]))
+                i++;
+            j = i;
+        }
+    }
+    if (j < len) {
+        SPLIT_ADD(s, j, len);
+    }
+    FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
+    return list;
+
+  onError:
+    Py_DECREF(list);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(split__doc__,
+"B.split([sep[, maxsplit]]) -> list of bytearray\n\
+\n\
+Return a list of the sections in B, using sep as the delimiter.\n\
+If sep is not given, B is split on ASCII whitespace characters\n\
+(space, tab, return, newline, formfeed, vertical tab).\n\
+If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done.");
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_split(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self), n, i, j;
+    Py_ssize_t maxsplit = -1, count = 0;
+    const char *s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self), *sub;
+    PyObject *list, *str, *subobj = Py_None;
+    Py_buffer vsub;
+#ifdef USE_FAST
+    Py_ssize_t pos;
+#endif
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|On:split", &subobj, &maxsplit))
+        return NULL;
+    if (maxsplit < 0)
+        maxsplit = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
+
+    if (subobj == Py_None)
+        return split_whitespace(s, len, maxsplit);
+
+    if (_getbuffer(subobj, &vsub) < 0)
+        return NULL;
+    sub = vsub.buf;
+    n = vsub.len;
+
+    if (n == 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "empty separator");
+        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &vsub);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (n == 1)
+        return split_char(s, len, sub[0], maxsplit);
+
+    list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxsplit));
+    if (list == NULL) {
+        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &vsub);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+#ifdef USE_FAST
+    i = j = 0;
+    while (maxsplit-- > 0) {
+        pos = fastsearch(s+i, len-i, sub, n, FAST_SEARCH);
+        if (pos < 0)
+                break;
+        j = i+pos;
+        SPLIT_ADD(s, i, j);
+        i = j + n;
+    }
+#else
+    i = j = 0;
+    while ((j+n <= len) && (maxsplit-- > 0)) {
+        for (; j+n <= len; j++) {
+            if (Py_STRING_MATCH(s, j, sub, n)) {
+                SPLIT_ADD(s, i, j);
+                i = j = j + n;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+    SPLIT_ADD(s, i, len);
+    FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
+    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &vsub);
+    return list;
+
+  onError:
+    Py_DECREF(list);
+    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &vsub);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/* stringlib's partition shares nullbytes in some cases.
+   undo this, we don't want the nullbytes to be shared. */
+static PyObject *
+make_nullbytes_unique(PyObject *result)
+{
+    if (result != NULL) {
+        int i;
+        assert(PyTuple_Check(result));
+        assert(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(result) == 3);
+        for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            if (PyTuple_GET_ITEM(result, i) == (PyObject *)nullbytes) {
+                PyObject *new = PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, 0);
+                if (new == NULL) {
+                    Py_DECREF(result);
+                    result = NULL;
+                    break;
+                }
+                Py_DECREF(nullbytes);
+                PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, i, new);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(partition__doc__,
+"B.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)\n\
+\n\
+Searches for the separator sep in B, and returns the part before it,\n\
+the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the separator is not\n\
+found, returns B and two empty bytearray objects.");
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_partition(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *sep_obj)
+{
+    PyObject *bytesep, *result;
+
+    bytesep = PyByteArray_FromObject(sep_obj);
+    if (! bytesep)
+        return NULL;
+
+    result = stringlib_partition(
+            (PyObject*) self,
+            PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self), PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self),
+            bytesep,
+            PyByteArray_AS_STRING(bytesep), PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(bytesep)
+            );
+
+    Py_DECREF(bytesep);
+    return make_nullbytes_unique(result);
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(rpartition__doc__,
+"B.rpartition(sep) -> (tail, sep, head)\n\
+\n\
+Searches for the separator sep in B, starting at the end of B,\n\
+and returns the part before it, the separator itself, and the\n\
+part after it.  If the separator is not found, returns two empty\n\
+bytearray objects and B.");
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_rpartition(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *sep_obj)
+{
+    PyObject *bytesep, *result;
+
+    bytesep = PyByteArray_FromObject(sep_obj);
+    if (! bytesep)
+        return NULL;
+
+    result = stringlib_rpartition(
+            (PyObject*) self,
+            PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self), PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self),
+            bytesep,
+            PyByteArray_AS_STRING(bytesep), PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(bytesep)
+            );
+
+    Py_DECREF(bytesep);
+    return make_nullbytes_unique(result);
+}
+
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
+rsplit_char(const char *s, Py_ssize_t len, char ch, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+    register Py_ssize_t i, j, count=0;
+    PyObject *str;
+    PyObject *list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxcount));
+
+    if (list == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    i = j = len - 1;
+    while ((i >= 0) && (maxcount-- > 0)) {
+        for (; i >= 0; i--) {
+            if (s[i] == ch) {
+                SPLIT_ADD(s, i + 1, j + 1);
+                j = i = i - 1;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (j >= -1) {
+        SPLIT_ADD(s, 0, j + 1);
+    }
+    FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
+    if (PyList_Reverse(list) < 0)
+        goto onError;
+
+    return list;
+
+  onError:
+    Py_DECREF(list);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
+rsplit_whitespace(const char *s, Py_ssize_t len, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+    register Py_ssize_t i, j, count = 0;
+    PyObject *str;
+    PyObject *list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxcount));
+
+    if (list == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    for (i = j = len - 1; i >= 0; ) {
+        /* find a token */
+        while (i >= 0 && ISSPACE(s[i]))
+            i--;
+        j = i;
+        while (i >= 0 && !ISSPACE(s[i]))
+            i--;
+        if (j > i) {
+            if (maxcount-- <= 0)
+                break;
+            SPLIT_ADD(s, i + 1, j + 1);
+            while (i >= 0 && ISSPACE(s[i]))
+                i--;
+            j = i;
+        }
+    }
+    if (j >= 0) {
+        SPLIT_ADD(s, 0, j + 1);
+    }
+    FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
+    if (PyList_Reverse(list) < 0)
+        goto onError;
+
+    return list;
+
+  onError:
+    Py_DECREF(list);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(rsplit__doc__,
+"B.rsplit(sep[, maxsplit]) -> list of bytearray\n\
+\n\
+Return a list of the sections in B, using sep as the delimiter,\n\
+starting at the end of B and working to the front.\n\
+If sep is not given, B is split on ASCII whitespace characters\n\
+(space, tab, return, newline, formfeed, vertical tab).\n\
+If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done.");
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_rsplit(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self), n, i, j;
+    Py_ssize_t maxsplit = -1, count = 0;
+    const char *s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self), *sub;
+    PyObject *list, *str, *subobj = Py_None;
+    Py_buffer vsub;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|On:rsplit", &subobj, &maxsplit))
+        return NULL;
+    if (maxsplit < 0)
+        maxsplit = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
+
+    if (subobj == Py_None)
+        return rsplit_whitespace(s, len, maxsplit);
+
+    if (_getbuffer(subobj, &vsub) < 0)
+        return NULL;
+    sub = vsub.buf;
+    n = vsub.len;
+
+    if (n == 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "empty separator");
+        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &vsub);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    else if (n == 1)
+        return rsplit_char(s, len, sub[0], maxsplit);
+
+    list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxsplit));
+    if (list == NULL) {
+        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &vsub);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    j = len;
+    i = j - n;
+
+    while ( (i >= 0) && (maxsplit-- > 0) ) {
+        for (; i>=0; i--) {
+            if (Py_STRING_MATCH(s, i, sub, n)) {
+                SPLIT_ADD(s, i + n, j);
+                j = i;
+                i -= n;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    SPLIT_ADD(s, 0, j);
+    FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
+    if (PyList_Reverse(list) < 0)
+        goto onError;
+    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &vsub);
+    return list;
+
+onError:
+    Py_DECREF(list);
+    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &vsub);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(reverse__doc__,
+"B.reverse() -> None\n\
+\n\
+Reverse the order of the values in B in place.");
+static PyObject *
+bytes_reverse(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *unused)
+{
+    char swap, *head, *tail;
+    Py_ssize_t i, j, n = Py_SIZE(self);
+
+    j = n / 2;
+    head = self->ob_bytes;
+    tail = head + n - 1;
+    for (i = 0; i < j; i++) {
+        swap = *head;
+        *head++ = *tail;
+        *tail-- = swap;
+    }
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(insert__doc__,
+"B.insert(index, int) -> None\n\
+\n\
+Insert a single item into the bytearray before the given index.");
+static PyObject *
+bytes_insert(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    int value;
+    Py_ssize_t where, n = Py_SIZE(self);
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ni:insert", &where, &value))
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (n == PY_SSIZE_T_MAX) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                        "cannot add more objects to bytes");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (value < 0 || value >= 256) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "byte must be in range(0, 256)");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, n + 1) < 0)
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (where < 0) {
+        where += n;
+        if (where < 0)
+            where = 0;
+    }
+    if (where > n)
+        where = n;
+    memmove(self->ob_bytes + where + 1, self->ob_bytes + where, n - where);
+    self->ob_bytes[where] = value;
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(append__doc__,
+"B.append(int) -> None\n\
+\n\
+Append a single item to the end of B.");
+static PyObject *
+bytes_append(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *arg)
+{
+    int value;
+    Py_ssize_t n = Py_SIZE(self);
+
+    if (! _getbytevalue(arg, &value))
+        return NULL;
+    if (n == PY_SSIZE_T_MAX) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                        "cannot add more objects to bytes");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, n + 1) < 0)
+        return NULL;
+
+    self->ob_bytes[n] = value;
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(extend__doc__,
+"B.extend(iterable int) -> None\n\
+\n\
+Append all the elements from the iterator or sequence to the\n\
+end of B.");
+static PyObject *
+bytes_extend(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *arg)
+{
+    PyObject *it, *item, *bytes_obj;
+    Py_ssize_t buf_size = 0, len = 0;
+    int value;
+    char *buf;
+
+    /* bytes_setslice code only accepts something supporting PEP 3118. */
+    if (PyObject_CheckBuffer(arg)) {
+        if (bytes_setslice(self, Py_SIZE(self), Py_SIZE(self), arg) == -1)
+            return NULL;
+
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    }
+
+    it = PyObject_GetIter(arg);
+    if (it == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    /* Try to determine the length of the argument. 32 is abitrary. */
+    buf_size = _PyObject_LengthHint(arg, 32);
+
+    bytes_obj = PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, buf_size);
+    if (bytes_obj == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    buf = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(bytes_obj);
+
+    while ((item = PyIter_Next(it)) != NULL) {
+        if (! _getbytevalue(item, &value)) {
+            Py_DECREF(item);
+            Py_DECREF(it);
+            Py_DECREF(bytes_obj);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        buf[len++] = value;
+        Py_DECREF(item);
+
+        if (len >= buf_size) {
+            buf_size = len + (len >> 1) + 1;
+            if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)bytes_obj, buf_size) < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(it);
+                Py_DECREF(bytes_obj);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            /* Recompute the `buf' pointer, since the resizing operation may
+               have invalidated it. */
+            buf = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(bytes_obj);
+        }
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(it);
+
+    /* Resize down to exact size. */
+    if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)bytes_obj, len) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(bytes_obj);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (bytes_setslice(self, Py_SIZE(self), Py_SIZE(self), bytes_obj) == -1)
+        return NULL;
+    Py_DECREF(bytes_obj);
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(pop__doc__,
+"B.pop([index]) -> int\n\
+\n\
+Remove and return a single item from B. If no index\n\
+argument is give, will pop the last value.");
+static PyObject *
+bytes_pop(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    int value;
+    Py_ssize_t where = -1, n = Py_SIZE(self);
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|n:pop", &where))
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (n == 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                        "cannot pop an empty bytes");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (where < 0)
+        where += Py_SIZE(self);
+    if (where < 0 || where >= Py_SIZE(self)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "pop index out of range");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    value = self->ob_bytes[where];
+    memmove(self->ob_bytes + where, self->ob_bytes + where + 1, n - where);
+    if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, n - 1) < 0)
+        return NULL;
+
+    return PyInt_FromLong(value);
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(remove__doc__,
+"B.remove(int) -> None\n\
+\n\
+Remove the first occurance of a value in B.");
+static PyObject *
+bytes_remove(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *arg)
+{
+    int value;
+    Py_ssize_t where, n = Py_SIZE(self);
+
+    if (! _getbytevalue(arg, &value))
+        return NULL;
+
+    for (where = 0; where < n; where++) {
+        if (self->ob_bytes[where] == value)
+            break;
+    }
+    if (where == n) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "value not found in bytes");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    memmove(self->ob_bytes + where, self->ob_bytes + where + 1, n - where);
+    if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, n - 1) < 0)
+        return NULL;
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+/* XXX These two helpers could be optimized if argsize == 1 */
+
+static Py_ssize_t
+lstrip_helper(unsigned char *myptr, Py_ssize_t mysize,
+              void *argptr, Py_ssize_t argsize)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t i = 0;
+    while (i < mysize && memchr(argptr, myptr[i], argsize))
+        i++;
+    return i;
+}
+
+static Py_ssize_t
+rstrip_helper(unsigned char *myptr, Py_ssize_t mysize,
+              void *argptr, Py_ssize_t argsize)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t i = mysize - 1;
+    while (i >= 0 && memchr(argptr, myptr[i], argsize))
+        i--;
+    return i + 1;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(strip__doc__,
+"B.strip([bytes]) -> bytearray\n\
+\n\
+Strip leading and trailing bytes contained in the argument.\n\
+If the argument is omitted, strip ASCII whitespace.");
+static PyObject *
+bytes_strip(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t left, right, mysize, argsize;
+    void *myptr, *argptr;
+    PyObject *arg = Py_None;
+    Py_buffer varg;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|O:strip", &arg))
+        return NULL;
+    if (arg == Py_None) {
+        argptr = "\t\n\r\f\v ";
+        argsize = 6;
+    }
+    else {
+        if (_getbuffer(arg, &varg) < 0)
+            return NULL;
+        argptr = varg.buf;
+        argsize = varg.len;
+    }
+    myptr = self->ob_bytes;
+    mysize = Py_SIZE(self);
+    left = lstrip_helper(myptr, mysize, argptr, argsize);
+    if (left == mysize)
+        right = left;
+    else
+        right = rstrip_helper(myptr, mysize, argptr, argsize);
+    if (arg != Py_None)
+        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(arg, &varg);
+    return PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(self->ob_bytes + left, right - left);
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(lstrip__doc__,
+"B.lstrip([bytes]) -> bytearray\n\
+\n\
+Strip leading bytes contained in the argument.\n\
+If the argument is omitted, strip leading ASCII whitespace.");
+static PyObject *
+bytes_lstrip(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t left, right, mysize, argsize;
+    void *myptr, *argptr;
+    PyObject *arg = Py_None;
+    Py_buffer varg;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|O:lstrip", &arg))
+        return NULL;
+    if (arg == Py_None) {
+        argptr = "\t\n\r\f\v ";
+        argsize = 6;
+    }
+    else {
+        if (_getbuffer(arg, &varg) < 0)
+            return NULL;
+        argptr = varg.buf;
+        argsize = varg.len;
+    }
+    myptr = self->ob_bytes;
+    mysize = Py_SIZE(self);
+    left = lstrip_helper(myptr, mysize, argptr, argsize);
+    right = mysize;
+    if (arg != Py_None)
+        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(arg, &varg);
+    return PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(self->ob_bytes + left, right - left);
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(rstrip__doc__,
+"B.rstrip([bytes]) -> bytearray\n\
+\n\
+Strip trailing bytes contained in the argument.\n\
+If the argument is omitted, strip trailing ASCII whitespace.");
+static PyObject *
+bytes_rstrip(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t left, right, mysize, argsize;
+    void *myptr, *argptr;
+    PyObject *arg = Py_None;
+    Py_buffer varg;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|O:rstrip", &arg))
+        return NULL;
+    if (arg == Py_None) {
+        argptr = "\t\n\r\f\v ";
+        argsize = 6;
+    }
+    else {
+        if (_getbuffer(arg, &varg) < 0)
+            return NULL;
+        argptr = varg.buf;
+        argsize = varg.len;
+    }
+    myptr = self->ob_bytes;
+    mysize = Py_SIZE(self);
+    left = 0;
+    right = rstrip_helper(myptr, mysize, argptr, argsize);
+    if (arg != Py_None)
+        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(arg, &varg);
+    return PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(self->ob_bytes + left, right - left);
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(decode_doc,
+"B.decode([encoding[, errors]]) -> unicode object.\n\
+\n\
+Decodes B using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults\n\
+to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error\n\
+handling scheme.  Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise\n\
+a UnicodeDecodeError.  Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'\n\
+as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is\n\
+able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.");
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_decode(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    const char *encoding = NULL;
+    const char *errors = NULL;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|ss:decode", &encoding, &errors))
+        return NULL;
+    if (encoding == NULL)
+        encoding = PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding();
+    return PyCodec_Decode(self, encoding, errors);
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(alloc_doc,
+"B.__alloc__() -> int\n\
+\n\
+Returns the number of bytes actually allocated.");
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_alloc(PyByteArrayObject *self)
+{
+    return PyInt_FromSsize_t(self->ob_alloc);
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(join_doc,
+"B.join(iterable_of_bytes) -> bytes\n\
+\n\
+Concatenates any number of bytearray objects, with B in between each pair.");
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_join(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *it)
+{
+    PyObject *seq;
+    Py_ssize_t mysize = Py_SIZE(self);
+    Py_ssize_t i;
+    Py_ssize_t n;
+    PyObject **items;
+    Py_ssize_t totalsize = 0;
+    PyObject *result;
+    char *dest;
+
+    seq = PySequence_Fast(it, "can only join an iterable");
+    if (seq == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    n = PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(seq);
+    items = PySequence_Fast_ITEMS(seq);
+
+    /* Compute the total size, and check that they are all bytes */
+    /* XXX Shouldn't we use _getbuffer() on these items instead? */
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        PyObject *obj = items[i];
+        if (!PyByteArray_Check(obj) && !PyBytes_Check(obj)) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                         "can only join an iterable of bytes "
+                         "(item %ld has type '%.100s')",
+                         /* XXX %ld isn't right on Win64 */
+                         (long)i, Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
+            goto error;
+        }
+        if (i > 0)
+            totalsize += mysize;
+        totalsize += Py_SIZE(obj);
+        if (totalsize < 0) {
+            PyErr_NoMemory();
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Allocate the result, and copy the bytes */
+    result = PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, totalsize);
+    if (result == NULL)
+        goto error;
+    dest = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(result);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        PyObject *obj = items[i];
+        Py_ssize_t size = Py_SIZE(obj);
+        char *buf;
+        if (PyByteArray_Check(obj))
+           buf = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(obj);
+        else
+           buf = PyBytes_AS_STRING(obj);
+        if (i) {
+            memcpy(dest, self->ob_bytes, mysize);
+            dest += mysize;
+        }
+        memcpy(dest, buf, size);
+        dest += size;
+    }
+
+    /* Done */
+    Py_DECREF(seq);
+    return result;
+
+    /* Error handling */
+  error:
+    Py_DECREF(seq);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(fromhex_doc,
+"bytearray.fromhex(string) -> bytearray\n\
+\n\
+Create a bytearray object from a string of hexadecimal numbers.\n\
+Spaces between two numbers are accepted.\n\
+Example: bytearray.fromhex('B9 01EF') -> bytearray(b'\\xb9\\x01\\xef').");
+
+static int
+hex_digit_to_int(Py_UNICODE c)
+{
+    if (c >= 128)
+        return -1;
+    if (ISDIGIT(c))
+        return c - '0';
+    else {
+        if (ISUPPER(c))
+            c = TOLOWER(c);
+        if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
+            return c - 'a' + 10;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_fromhex(PyObject *cls, PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *newbytes, *hexobj;
+    char *buf;
+    Py_UNICODE *hex;
+    Py_ssize_t hexlen, byteslen, i, j;
+    int top, bot;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "U:fromhex", &hexobj))
+        return NULL;
+    assert(PyUnicode_Check(hexobj));
+    hexlen = PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(hexobj);
+    hex = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(hexobj);
+    byteslen = hexlen/2; /* This overestimates if there are spaces */
+    newbytes = PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, byteslen);
+    if (!newbytes)
+        return NULL;
+    buf = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(newbytes);
+    for (i = j = 0; i < hexlen; i += 2) {
+        /* skip over spaces in the input */
+        while (hex[i] == ' ')
+            i++;
+        if (i >= hexlen)
+            break;
+        top = hex_digit_to_int(hex[i]);
+        bot = hex_digit_to_int(hex[i+1]);
+        if (top == -1 || bot == -1) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                         "non-hexadecimal number found in "
+                         "fromhex() arg at position %zd", i);
+            goto error;
+        }
+        buf[j++] = (top << 4) + bot;
+    }
+    if (PyByteArray_Resize(newbytes, j) < 0)
+        goto error;
+    return newbytes;
+
+  error:
+    Py_DECREF(newbytes);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(reduce_doc, "Return state information for pickling.");
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_reduce(PyByteArrayObject *self)
+{
+    PyObject *latin1, *dict;
+    if (self->ob_bytes)
+        latin1 = PyUnicode_DecodeLatin1(self->ob_bytes,
+                                        Py_SIZE(self), NULL);
+    else
+        latin1 = PyUnicode_FromString("");
+
+    dict = PyObject_GetAttrString((PyObject *)self, "__dict__");
+    if (dict == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        dict = Py_None;
+        Py_INCREF(dict);
+    }
+
+    return Py_BuildValue("(O(Ns)N)", Py_TYPE(self), latin1, "latin-1", dict);
+}
+
+static PySequenceMethods bytes_as_sequence = {
+    (lenfunc)bytes_length,              /* sq_length */
+    (binaryfunc)PyByteArray_Concat,         /* sq_concat */
+    (ssizeargfunc)bytes_repeat,         /* sq_repeat */
+    (ssizeargfunc)bytes_getitem,        /* sq_item */
+    0,                                  /* sq_slice */
+    (ssizeobjargproc)bytes_setitem,     /* sq_ass_item */
+    0,                                  /* sq_ass_slice */
+    (objobjproc)bytes_contains,         /* sq_contains */
+    (binaryfunc)bytes_iconcat,          /* sq_inplace_concat */
+    (ssizeargfunc)bytes_irepeat,        /* sq_inplace_repeat */
+};
+
+static PyMappingMethods bytes_as_mapping = {
+    (lenfunc)bytes_length,
+    (binaryfunc)bytes_subscript,
+    (objobjargproc)bytes_ass_subscript,
+};
+
+static PyBufferProcs bytes_as_buffer = {
+    (readbufferproc)bytes_buffer_getreadbuf,
+    (writebufferproc)bytes_buffer_getwritebuf,
+    (segcountproc)bytes_buffer_getsegcount,
+    (charbufferproc)bytes_buffer_getcharbuf,
+    (getbufferproc)bytes_getbuffer,
+    (releasebufferproc)bytes_releasebuffer,
+};
+
+static PyMethodDef
+bytes_methods[] = {
+    {"__alloc__", (PyCFunction)bytes_alloc, METH_NOARGS, alloc_doc},
+    {"__reduce__", (PyCFunction)bytes_reduce, METH_NOARGS, reduce_doc},
+    {"append", (PyCFunction)bytes_append, METH_O, append__doc__},
+    {"capitalize", (PyCFunction)stringlib_capitalize, METH_NOARGS,
+     _Py_capitalize__doc__},
+    {"center", (PyCFunction)stringlib_center, METH_VARARGS, center__doc__},
+    {"count", (PyCFunction)bytes_count, METH_VARARGS, count__doc__},
+    {"decode", (PyCFunction)bytes_decode, METH_VARARGS, decode_doc},
+    {"endswith", (PyCFunction)bytes_endswith, METH_VARARGS, endswith__doc__},
+    {"expandtabs", (PyCFunction)stringlib_expandtabs, METH_VARARGS,
+     expandtabs__doc__},
+    {"extend", (PyCFunction)bytes_extend, METH_O, extend__doc__},
+    {"find", (PyCFunction)bytes_find, METH_VARARGS, find__doc__},
+    {"fromhex", (PyCFunction)bytes_fromhex, METH_VARARGS|METH_CLASS,
+     fromhex_doc},
+    {"index", (PyCFunction)bytes_index, METH_VARARGS, index__doc__},
+    {"insert", (PyCFunction)bytes_insert, METH_VARARGS, insert__doc__},
+    {"isalnum", (PyCFunction)stringlib_isalnum, METH_NOARGS,
+     _Py_isalnum__doc__},
+    {"isalpha", (PyCFunction)stringlib_isalpha, METH_NOARGS,
+     _Py_isalpha__doc__},
+    {"isdigit", (PyCFunction)stringlib_isdigit, METH_NOARGS,
+     _Py_isdigit__doc__},
+    {"islower", (PyCFunction)stringlib_islower, METH_NOARGS,
+     _Py_islower__doc__},
+    {"isspace", (PyCFunction)stringlib_isspace, METH_NOARGS,
+     _Py_isspace__doc__},
+    {"istitle", (PyCFunction)stringlib_istitle, METH_NOARGS,
+     _Py_istitle__doc__},
+    {"isupper", (PyCFunction)stringlib_isupper, METH_NOARGS,
+     _Py_isupper__doc__},
+    {"join", (PyCFunction)bytes_join, METH_O, join_doc},
+    {"ljust", (PyCFunction)stringlib_ljust, METH_VARARGS, ljust__doc__},
+    {"lower", (PyCFunction)stringlib_lower, METH_NOARGS, _Py_lower__doc__},
+    {"lstrip", (PyCFunction)bytes_lstrip, METH_VARARGS, lstrip__doc__},
+    {"partition", (PyCFunction)bytes_partition, METH_O, partition__doc__},
+    {"pop", (PyCFunction)bytes_pop, METH_VARARGS, pop__doc__},
+    {"remove", (PyCFunction)bytes_remove, METH_O, remove__doc__},
+    {"replace", (PyCFunction)bytes_replace, METH_VARARGS, replace__doc__},
+    {"reverse", (PyCFunction)bytes_reverse, METH_NOARGS, reverse__doc__},
+    {"rfind", (PyCFunction)bytes_rfind, METH_VARARGS, rfind__doc__},
+    {"rindex", (PyCFunction)bytes_rindex, METH_VARARGS, rindex__doc__},
+    {"rjust", (PyCFunction)stringlib_rjust, METH_VARARGS, rjust__doc__},
+    {"rpartition", (PyCFunction)bytes_rpartition, METH_O, rpartition__doc__},
+    {"rsplit", (PyCFunction)bytes_rsplit, METH_VARARGS, rsplit__doc__},
+    {"rstrip", (PyCFunction)bytes_rstrip, METH_VARARGS, rstrip__doc__},
+    {"split", (PyCFunction)bytes_split, METH_VARARGS, split__doc__},
+    {"splitlines", (PyCFunction)stringlib_splitlines, METH_VARARGS,
+     splitlines__doc__},
+    {"startswith", (PyCFunction)bytes_startswith, METH_VARARGS ,
+     startswith__doc__},
+    {"strip", (PyCFunction)bytes_strip, METH_VARARGS, strip__doc__},
+    {"swapcase", (PyCFunction)stringlib_swapcase, METH_NOARGS,
+     _Py_swapcase__doc__},
+    {"title", (PyCFunction)stringlib_title, METH_NOARGS, _Py_title__doc__},
+    {"translate", (PyCFunction)bytes_translate, METH_VARARGS,
+     translate__doc__},
+    {"upper", (PyCFunction)stringlib_upper, METH_NOARGS, _Py_upper__doc__},
+    {"zfill", (PyCFunction)stringlib_zfill, METH_VARARGS, zfill__doc__},
+    {NULL}
+};
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(bytes_doc,
+"bytearray(iterable_of_ints) -> bytearray.\n\
+bytearray(string, encoding[, errors]) -> bytearray.\n\
+bytearray(bytes_or_bytearray) -> mutable copy of bytes_or_bytearray.\n\
+bytearray(memory_view) -> bytearray.\n\
+\n\
+Construct an mutable bytearray object from:\n\
+  - an iterable yielding integers in range(256)\n\
+  - a text string encoded using the specified encoding\n\
+  - a bytes or a bytearray object\n\
+  - any object implementing the buffer API.\n\
+\n\
+bytearray(int) -> bytearray.\n\
+\n\
+Construct a zero-initialized bytearray of the given length.");
+
+
+static PyObject *bytes_iter(PyObject *seq);
+
+PyTypeObject PyByteArray_Type = {
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+    "bytearray",
+    sizeof(PyByteArrayObject),
+    0,
+    (destructor)bytes_dealloc,          /* tp_dealloc */
+    0,                                  /* tp_print */
+    0,                                  /* tp_getattr */
+    0,                                  /* tp_setattr */
+    0,                                  /* tp_compare */
+    (reprfunc)bytes_repr,               /* tp_repr */
+    0,                                  /* tp_as_number */
+    &bytes_as_sequence,                 /* tp_as_sequence */
+    &bytes_as_mapping,                  /* tp_as_mapping */
+    0,                                  /* tp_hash */
+    0,                                  /* tp_call */
+    bytes_str,                          /* tp_str */
+    PyObject_GenericGetAttr,            /* tp_getattro */
+    0,                                  /* tp_setattro */
+    &bytes_as_buffer,                   /* tp_as_buffer */
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE |
+    Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_NEWBUFFER,          /* tp_flags */
+    bytes_doc,                          /* tp_doc */
+    0,                                  /* tp_traverse */
+    0,                                  /* tp_clear */
+    (richcmpfunc)bytes_richcompare,     /* tp_richcompare */
+    0,                                  /* tp_weaklistoffset */
+    bytes_iter,                         /* tp_iter */
+    0,                                  /* tp_iternext */
+    bytes_methods,                      /* tp_methods */
+    0,                                  /* tp_members */
+    0,                                  /* tp_getset */
+    0,                                  /* tp_base */
+    0,                                  /* tp_dict */
+    0,                                  /* tp_descr_get */
+    0,                                  /* tp_descr_set */
+    0,                                  /* tp_dictoffset */
+    (initproc)bytes_init,               /* tp_init */
+    PyType_GenericAlloc,                /* tp_alloc */
+    PyType_GenericNew,                  /* tp_new */
+    PyObject_Del,                       /* tp_free */
+};
+
+/*********************** Bytes Iterator ****************************/
+
+typedef struct {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+    Py_ssize_t it_index;
+    PyByteArrayObject *it_seq; /* Set to NULL when iterator is exhausted */
+} bytesiterobject;
+
+static void
+bytesiter_dealloc(bytesiterobject *it)
+{
+    _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(it);
+    Py_XDECREF(it->it_seq);
+    PyObject_GC_Del(it);
+}
+
+static int
+bytesiter_traverse(bytesiterobject *it, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+{
+    Py_VISIT(it->it_seq);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+bytesiter_next(bytesiterobject *it)
+{
+    PyByteArrayObject *seq;
+    PyObject *item;
+
+    assert(it != NULL);
+    seq = it->it_seq;
+    if (seq == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    assert(PyByteArray_Check(seq));
+
+    if (it->it_index < PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
+        item = PyInt_FromLong(
+            (unsigned char)seq->ob_bytes[it->it_index]);
+        if (item != NULL)
+            ++it->it_index;
+        return item;
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(seq);
+    it->it_seq = NULL;
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+bytesiter_length_hint(bytesiterobject *it)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t len = 0;
+    if (it->it_seq)
+        len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(it->it_seq) - it->it_index;
+    return PyInt_FromSsize_t(len);
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(length_hint_doc,
+    "Private method returning an estimate of len(list(it)).");
+
+static PyMethodDef bytesiter_methods[] = {
+    {"__length_hint__", (PyCFunction)bytesiter_length_hint, METH_NOARGS,
+     length_hint_doc},
+    {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
+};
+
+PyTypeObject PyByteArrayIter_Type = {
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+    "bytearray_iterator",              /* tp_name */
+    sizeof(bytesiterobject),           /* tp_basicsize */
+    0,                                 /* tp_itemsize */
+    /* methods */
+    (destructor)bytesiter_dealloc,     /* tp_dealloc */
+    0,                                 /* tp_print */
+    0,                                 /* tp_getattr */
+    0,                                 /* tp_setattr */
+    0,                                 /* tp_compare */
+    0,                                 /* tp_repr */
+    0,                                 /* tp_as_number */
+    0,                                 /* tp_as_sequence */
+    0,                                 /* tp_as_mapping */
+    0,                                 /* tp_hash */
+    0,                                 /* tp_call */
+    0,                                 /* tp_str */
+    PyObject_GenericGetAttr,           /* tp_getattro */
+    0,                                 /* tp_setattro */
+    0,                                 /* tp_as_buffer */
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC, /* tp_flags */
+    0,                                 /* tp_doc */
+    (traverseproc)bytesiter_traverse,  /* tp_traverse */
+    0,                                 /* tp_clear */
+    0,                                 /* tp_richcompare */
+    0,                                 /* tp_weaklistoffset */
+    PyObject_SelfIter,                 /* tp_iter */
+    (iternextfunc)bytesiter_next,      /* tp_iternext */
+    bytesiter_methods,                 /* tp_methods */
+    0,
+};
+
+static PyObject *
+bytes_iter(PyObject *seq)
+{
+    bytesiterobject *it;
+
+    if (!PyByteArray_Check(seq)) {
+        PyErr_BadInternalCall();
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    it = PyObject_GC_New(bytesiterobject, &PyByteArrayIter_Type);
+    if (it == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    it->it_index = 0;
+    Py_INCREF(seq);
+    it->it_seq = (PyByteArrayObject *)seq;
+    _PyObject_GC_TRACK(it);
+    return (PyObject *)it;
+}
index 6e5df19e689386256d63bef59691a7cf989cce40..0f4d4c3be6669722c219cc54301e7d8d8df46d1c 100644 (file)
-/* PyBytes (bytearray) implementation */
+/* String object implementation */
 
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
+
 #include "Python.h"
-#include "structmember.h"
-#include "bytes_methods.h"
 
-static PyByteArrayObject *nullbytes = NULL;
+#include "formatter_string.h"
 
-void
-PyByteArray_Fini(void)
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
+int null_strings, one_strings;
+#endif
+
+static PyBytesObject *characters[UCHAR_MAX + 1];
+static PyBytesObject *nullstring;
+
+/* This dictionary holds all interned strings.  Note that references to
+   strings in this dictionary are *not* counted in the string's ob_refcnt.
+   When the interned string reaches a refcnt of 0 the string deallocation
+   function will delete the reference from this dictionary.
+
+   Another way to look at this is that to say that the actual reference
+   count of a string is:  s->ob_refcnt + (s->ob_sstate?2:0)
+*/
+static PyObject *interned;
+
+/*
+   For both PyBytes_FromString() and PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(), the
+   parameter `size' denotes number of characters to allocate, not counting any
+   null terminating character.
+
+   For PyBytes_FromString(), the parameter `str' points to a null-terminated
+   string containing exactly `size' bytes.
+
+   For PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(), the parameter the parameter `str' is
+   either NULL or else points to a string containing at least `size' bytes.
+   For PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(), the string in the `str' parameter does
+   not have to be null-terminated.  (Therefore it is safe to construct a
+   substring by calling `PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(origstring, substrlen)'.)
+   If `str' is NULL then PyBytes_FromStringAndSize() will allocate `size+1'
+   bytes (setting the last byte to the null terminating character) and you can
+   fill in the data yourself.  If `str' is non-NULL then the resulting
+   PyString object must be treated as immutable and you must not fill in nor
+   alter the data yourself, since the strings may be shared.
+
+   The PyObject member `op->ob_size', which denotes the number of "extra
+   items" in a variable-size object, will contain the number of bytes
+   allocated for string data, not counting the null terminating character.  It
+   is therefore equal to the equal to the `size' parameter (for
+   PyBytes_FromStringAndSize()) or the length of the string in the `str'
+   parameter (for PyBytes_FromString()).
+*/
+PyObject *
+PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(const char *str, Py_ssize_t size)
 {
-    Py_CLEAR(nullbytes);
+       register PyBytesObject *op;
+       if (size < 0) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
+                   "Negative size passed to PyBytes_FromStringAndSize");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       if (size == 0 && (op = nullstring) != NULL) {
+#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
+               null_strings++;
+#endif
+               Py_INCREF(op);
+               return (PyObject *)op;
+       }
+       if (size == 1 && str != NULL &&
+           (op = characters[*str & UCHAR_MAX]) != NULL)
+       {
+#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
+               one_strings++;
+#endif
+               Py_INCREF(op);
+               return (PyObject *)op;
+       }
+
+       /* Inline PyObject_NewVar */
+       op = (PyBytesObject *)PyObject_MALLOC(sizeof(PyBytesObject) + size);
+       if (op == NULL)
+               return PyErr_NoMemory();
+       PyObject_INIT_VAR(op, &PyBytes_Type, size);
+       op->ob_shash = -1;
+       op->ob_sstate = SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED;
+       if (str != NULL)
+               Py_MEMCPY(op->ob_sval, str, size);
+       op->ob_sval[size] = '\0';
+       /* share short strings */
+       if (size == 0) {
+               PyObject *t = (PyObject *)op;
+               PyBytes_InternInPlace(&t);
+               op = (PyBytesObject *)t;
+               nullstring = op;
+               Py_INCREF(op);
+       } else if (size == 1 && str != NULL) {
+               PyObject *t = (PyObject *)op;
+               PyBytes_InternInPlace(&t);
+               op = (PyBytesObject *)t;
+               characters[*str & UCHAR_MAX] = op;
+               Py_INCREF(op);
+       }
+       return (PyObject *) op;
 }
 
-int
-PyByteArray_Init(void)
+PyObject *
+PyBytes_FromString(const char *str)
 {
-    nullbytes = PyObject_New(PyByteArrayObject, &PyByteArray_Type);
-    if (nullbytes == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    nullbytes->ob_bytes = NULL;
-    Py_SIZE(nullbytes) = nullbytes->ob_alloc = 0;
-    nullbytes->ob_exports = 0;
-    return 1;
+       register size_t size;
+       register PyBytesObject *op;
+
+       assert(str != NULL);
+       size = strlen(str);
+       if (size > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                       "string is too long for a Python string");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       if (size == 0 && (op = nullstring) != NULL) {
+#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
+               null_strings++;
+#endif
+               Py_INCREF(op);
+               return (PyObject *)op;
+       }
+       if (size == 1 && (op = characters[*str & UCHAR_MAX]) != NULL) {
+#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
+               one_strings++;
+#endif
+               Py_INCREF(op);
+               return (PyObject *)op;
+       }
+
+       /* Inline PyObject_NewVar */
+       op = (PyBytesObject *)PyObject_MALLOC(sizeof(PyBytesObject) + size);
+       if (op == NULL)
+               return PyErr_NoMemory();
+       PyObject_INIT_VAR(op, &PyBytes_Type, size);
+       op->ob_shash = -1;
+       op->ob_sstate = SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED;
+       Py_MEMCPY(op->ob_sval, str, size+1);
+       /* share short strings */
+       if (size == 0) {
+               PyObject *t = (PyObject *)op;
+               PyBytes_InternInPlace(&t);
+               op = (PyBytesObject *)t;
+               nullstring = op;
+               Py_INCREF(op);
+       } else if (size == 1) {
+               PyObject *t = (PyObject *)op;
+               PyBytes_InternInPlace(&t);
+               op = (PyBytesObject *)t;
+               characters[*str & UCHAR_MAX] = op;
+               Py_INCREF(op);
+       }
+       return (PyObject *) op;
 }
 
-/* end nullbytes support */
-
-/* Helpers */
-
-static int
-_getbytevalue(PyObject* arg, int *value)
+PyObject *
+PyBytes_FromFormatV(const char *format, va_list vargs)
 {
-    long face_value;
+       va_list count;
+       Py_ssize_t n = 0;
+       const char* f;
+       char *s;
+       PyObject* string;
+
+#ifdef VA_LIST_IS_ARRAY
+       Py_MEMCPY(count, vargs, sizeof(va_list));
+#else
+#ifdef  __va_copy
+       __va_copy(count, vargs);
+#else
+       count = vargs;
+#endif
+#endif
+       /* step 1: figure out how large a buffer we need */
+       for (f = format; *f; f++) {
+               if (*f == '%') {
+                       const char* p = f;
+                       while (*++f && *f != '%' && !isalpha(Py_CHARMASK(*f)))
+                               ;
+
+                       /* skip the 'l' or 'z' in {%ld, %zd, %lu, %zu} since
+                        * they don't affect the amount of space we reserve.
+                        */
+                       if ((*f == 'l' || *f == 'z') &&
+                                       (f[1] == 'd' || f[1] == 'u'))
+                               ++f;
+
+                       switch (*f) {
+                       case 'c':
+                               (void)va_arg(count, int);
+                               /* fall through... */
+                       case '%':
+                               n++;
+                               break;
+                       case 'd': case 'u': case 'i': case 'x':
+                               (void) va_arg(count, int);
+                               /* 20 bytes is enough to hold a 64-bit
+                                  integer.  Decimal takes the most space.
+                                  This isn't enough for octal. */
+                               n += 20;
+                               break;
+                       case 's':
+                               s = va_arg(count, char*);
+                               n += strlen(s);
+                               break;
+                       case 'p':
+                               (void) va_arg(count, int);
+                               /* maximum 64-bit pointer representation:
+                                * 0xffffffffffffffff
+                                * so 19 characters is enough.
+                                * XXX I count 18 -- what's the extra for?
+                                */
+                               n += 19;
+                               break;
+                       default:
+                               /* if we stumble upon an unknown
+                                  formatting code, copy the rest of
+                                  the format string to the output
+                                  string. (we cannot just skip the
+                                  code, since there's no way to know
+                                  what's in the argument list) */
+                               n += strlen(p);
+                               goto expand;
+                       }
+               } else
+                       n++;
+       }
+ expand:
+       /* step 2: fill the buffer */
+       /* Since we've analyzed how much space we need for the worst case,
+          use sprintf directly instead of the slower PyOS_snprintf. */
+       string = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, n);
+       if (!string)
+               return NULL;
+
+       s = PyBytes_AsString(string);
+
+       for (f = format; *f; f++) {
+               if (*f == '%') {
+                       const char* p = f++;
+                       Py_ssize_t i;
+                       int longflag = 0;
+                       int size_tflag = 0;
+                       /* parse the width.precision part (we're only
+                          interested in the precision value, if any) */
+                       n = 0;
+                       while (isdigit(Py_CHARMASK(*f)))
+                               n = (n*10) + *f++ - '0';
+                       if (*f == '.') {
+                               f++;
+                               n = 0;
+                               while (isdigit(Py_CHARMASK(*f)))
+                                       n = (n*10) + *f++ - '0';
+                       }
+                       while (*f && *f != '%' && !isalpha(Py_CHARMASK(*f)))
+                               f++;
+                       /* handle the long flag, but only for %ld and %lu.
+                          others can be added when necessary. */
+                       if (*f == 'l' && (f[1] == 'd' || f[1] == 'u')) {
+                               longflag = 1;
+                               ++f;
+                       }
+                       /* handle the size_t flag. */
+                       if (*f == 'z' && (f[1] == 'd' || f[1] == 'u')) {
+                               size_tflag = 1;
+                               ++f;
+                       }
+
+                       switch (*f) {
+                       case 'c':
+                               *s++ = va_arg(vargs, int);
+                               break;
+                       case 'd':
+                               if (longflag)
+                                       sprintf(s, "%ld", va_arg(vargs, long));
+                               else if (size_tflag)
+                                       sprintf(s, "%" PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T "d",
+                                               va_arg(vargs, Py_ssize_t));
+                               else
+                                       sprintf(s, "%d", va_arg(vargs, int));
+                               s += strlen(s);
+                               break;
+                       case 'u':
+                               if (longflag)
+                                       sprintf(s, "%lu",
+                                               va_arg(vargs, unsigned long));
+                               else if (size_tflag)
+                                       sprintf(s, "%" PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T "u",
+                                               va_arg(vargs, size_t));
+                               else
+                                       sprintf(s, "%u",
+                                               va_arg(vargs, unsigned int));
+                               s += strlen(s);
+                               break;
+                       case 'i':
+                               sprintf(s, "%i", va_arg(vargs, int));
+                               s += strlen(s);
+                               break;
+                       case 'x':
+                               sprintf(s, "%x", va_arg(vargs, int));
+                               s += strlen(s);
+                               break;
+                       case 's':
+                               p = va_arg(vargs, char*);
+                               i = strlen(p);
+                               if (n > 0 && i > n)
+                                       i = n;
+                               Py_MEMCPY(s, p, i);
+                               s += i;
+                               break;
+                       case 'p':
+                               sprintf(s, "%p", va_arg(vargs, void*));
+                               /* %p is ill-defined:  ensure leading 0x. */
+                               if (s[1] == 'X')
+                                       s[1] = 'x';
+                               else if (s[1] != 'x') {
+                                       memmove(s+2, s, strlen(s)+1);
+                                       s[0] = '0';
+                                       s[1] = 'x';
+                               }
+                               s += strlen(s);
+                               break;
+                       case '%':
+                               *s++ = '%';
+                               break;
+                       default:
+                               strcpy(s, p);
+                               s += strlen(s);
+                               goto end;
+                       }
+               } else
+                       *s++ = *f;
+       }
+
+ end:
+       _PyBytes_Resize(&string, s - PyBytes_AS_STRING(string));
+       return string;
+}
 
-    if (PyInt_Check(arg)) {
-        face_value = PyInt_AsLong(arg);
-        if (face_value < 0 || face_value >= 256) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "byte must be in range(0, 256)");
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-    else if (PyBytes_CheckExact(arg)) {
-        if (Py_SIZE(arg) != 1) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "string must be of size 1");
-            return 0;
-        }
-        face_value = Py_CHARMASK(((PyBytesObject*)arg)->ob_sval[0]);
-    }
-    else {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "an integer or string of size 1 is required");
-        return 0;
-    }
+PyObject *
+PyBytes_FromFormat(const char *format, ...)
+{
+       PyObject* ret;
+       va_list vargs;
 
-    *value = face_value;
-    return 1;
+#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
+       va_start(vargs, format);
+#else
+       va_start(vargs);
+#endif
+       ret = PyBytes_FromFormatV(format, vargs);
+       va_end(vargs);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-static Py_ssize_t
-bytes_buffer_getreadbuf(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t index, const void **ptr)
+
+PyObject *PyBytes_Decode(const char *s,
+                         Py_ssize_t size,
+                         const char *encoding,
+                         const char *errors)
 {
-    if ( index != 0 ) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
-                "accessing non-existent bytes segment");
-        return -1;
-    }
-    *ptr = (void *)self->ob_bytes;
-    return Py_SIZE(self);
+    PyObject *v, *str;
+
+    str = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(s, size);
+    if (str == NULL)
+       return NULL;
+    v = PyBytes_AsDecodedString(str, encoding, errors);
+    Py_DECREF(str);
+    return v;
 }
 
-static Py_ssize_t
-bytes_buffer_getwritebuf(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t index, const void **ptr)
+PyObject *PyBytes_AsDecodedObject(PyObject *str,
+                                  const char *encoding,
+                                  const char *errors)
 {
-    if ( index != 0 ) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
-                "accessing non-existent bytes segment");
-        return -1;
+    PyObject *v;
+
+    if (!PyBytes_Check(str)) {
+        PyErr_BadArgument();
+        goto onError;
     }
-    *ptr = (void *)self->ob_bytes;
-    return Py_SIZE(self);
-}
 
-static Py_ssize_t
-bytes_buffer_getsegcount(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t *lenp)
-{
-    if ( lenp )
-        *lenp = Py_SIZE(self);
-    return 1;
+    if (encoding == NULL) {
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+       encoding = PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding();
+#else
+       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "no encoding specified");
+       goto onError;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    /* Decode via the codec registry */
+    v = PyCodec_Decode(str, encoding, errors);
+    if (v == NULL)
+        goto onError;
+
+    return v;
+
+ onError:
+    return NULL;
 }
 
-static Py_ssize_t
-bytes_buffer_getcharbuf(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t index, const char **ptr)
+PyObject *PyBytes_AsDecodedString(PyObject *str,
+                                  const char *encoding,
+                                  const char *errors)
 {
-    if ( index != 0 ) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
-                "accessing non-existent bytes segment");
-        return -1;
+    PyObject *v;
+
+    v = PyBytes_AsDecodedObject(str, encoding, errors);
+    if (v == NULL)
+        goto onError;
+
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+    /* Convert Unicode to a string using the default encoding */
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(v)) {
+       PyObject *temp = v;
+       v = PyUnicode_AsEncodedString(v, NULL, NULL);
+       Py_DECREF(temp);
+       if (v == NULL)
+           goto onError;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (!PyBytes_Check(v)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "decoder did not return a string object (type=%.400s)",
+                     Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
+        Py_DECREF(v);
+        goto onError;
     }
-    *ptr = self->ob_bytes;
-    return Py_SIZE(self);
+
+    return v;
+
+ onError:
+    return NULL;
 }
 
-static int
-bytes_getbuffer(PyByteArrayObject *obj, Py_buffer *view, int flags)
+PyObject *PyBytes_Encode(const char *s,
+                         Py_ssize_t size,
+                         const char *encoding,
+                         const char *errors)
 {
-        int ret;
-        void *ptr;
-        if (view == NULL) {
-                obj->ob_exports++;
-                return 0;
-        }
-        if (obj->ob_bytes == NULL)
-                ptr = "";
-        else
-                ptr = obj->ob_bytes;
-        ret = PyBuffer_FillInfo(view, ptr, Py_SIZE(obj), 0, flags);
-        if (ret >= 0) {
-                obj->ob_exports++;
-        }
-        return ret;
+    PyObject *v, *str;
+
+    str = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(s, size);
+    if (str == NULL)
+       return NULL;
+    v = PyBytes_AsEncodedString(str, encoding, errors);
+    Py_DECREF(str);
+    return v;
 }
 
-static void
-bytes_releasebuffer(PyByteArrayObject *obj, Py_buffer *view)
+PyObject *PyBytes_AsEncodedObject(PyObject *str,
+                                  const char *encoding,
+                                  const char *errors)
 {
-        obj->ob_exports--;
+    PyObject *v;
+
+    if (!PyBytes_Check(str)) {
+        PyErr_BadArgument();
+        goto onError;
+    }
+
+    if (encoding == NULL) {
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+       encoding = PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding();
+#else
+       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "no encoding specified");
+       goto onError;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    /* Encode via the codec registry */
+    v = PyCodec_Encode(str, encoding, errors);
+    if (v == NULL)
+        goto onError;
+
+    return v;
+
+ onError:
+    return NULL;
 }
 
-static Py_ssize_t
-_getbuffer(PyObject *obj, Py_buffer *view)
+PyObject *PyBytes_AsEncodedString(PyObject *str,
+                                  const char *encoding,
+                                  const char *errors)
 {
-    PyBufferProcs *buffer = Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_as_buffer;
+    PyObject *v;
 
-    if (buffer == NULL || buffer->bf_getbuffer == NULL)
-    {
+    v = PyBytes_AsEncodedObject(str, encoding, errors);
+    if (v == NULL)
+        goto onError;
+
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+    /* Convert Unicode to a string using the default encoding */
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(v)) {
+       PyObject *temp = v;
+       v = PyUnicode_AsEncodedString(v, NULL, NULL);
+       Py_DECREF(temp);
+       if (v == NULL)
+           goto onError;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (!PyBytes_Check(v)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                     "Type %.100s doesn't support the buffer API",
-                     Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
-        return -1;
+                     "encoder did not return a string object (type=%.400s)",
+                     Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
+        Py_DECREF(v);
+        goto onError;
     }
 
-    if (buffer->bf_getbuffer(obj, view, PyBUF_SIMPLE) < 0)
-            return -1;
-    return view->len;
-}
+    return v;
 
-/* Direct API functions */
+ onError:
+    return NULL;
+}
 
-PyObject *
-PyByteArray_FromObject(PyObject *input)
+static void
+string_dealloc(PyObject *op)
 {
-    return PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs((PyObject *)&PyByteArray_Type,
-                                        input, NULL);
+       switch (PyBytes_CHECK_INTERNED(op)) {
+               case SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED:
+                       break;
+
+               case SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL:
+                       /* revive dead object temporarily for DelItem */
+                       Py_REFCNT(op) = 3;
+                       if (PyDict_DelItem(interned, op) != 0)
+                               Py_FatalError(
+                                       "deletion of interned string failed");
+                       break;
+
+               case SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL:
+                       Py_FatalError("Immortal interned string died.");
+
+               default:
+                       Py_FatalError("Inconsistent interned string state.");
+       }
+       Py_TYPE(op)->tp_free(op);
 }
 
-PyObject *
-PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(const char *bytes, Py_ssize_t size)
-{
-    PyByteArrayObject *new;
-    Py_ssize_t alloc;
+/* Unescape a backslash-escaped string. If unicode is non-zero,
+   the string is a u-literal. If recode_encoding is non-zero,
+   the string is UTF-8 encoded and should be re-encoded in the
+   specified encoding.  */
 
-    if (size < 0) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
-            "Negative size passed to PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize");
-        return NULL;
-    }
+PyObject *PyBytes_DecodeEscape(const char *s,
+                               Py_ssize_t len,
+                               const char *errors,
+                               Py_ssize_t unicode,
+                               const char *recode_encoding)
+{
+       int c;
+       char *p, *buf;
+       const char *end;
+       PyObject *v;
+       Py_ssize_t newlen = recode_encoding ? 4*len:len;
+       v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, newlen);
+       if (v == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+       p = buf = PyBytes_AsString(v);
+       end = s + len;
+       while (s < end) {
+               if (*s != '\\') {
+                 non_esc:
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+                       if (recode_encoding && (*s & 0x80)) {
+                               PyObject *u, *w;
+                               char *r;
+                               const char* t;
+                               Py_ssize_t rn;
+                               t = s;
+                               /* Decode non-ASCII bytes as UTF-8. */
+                               while (t < end && (*t & 0x80)) t++;
+                               u = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(s, t - s, errors);
+                               if(!u) goto failed;
+
+                               /* Recode them in target encoding. */
+                               w = PyUnicode_AsEncodedString(
+                                       u, recode_encoding, errors);
+                               Py_DECREF(u);
+                               if (!w) goto failed;
+
+                               /* Append bytes to output buffer. */
+                               assert(PyBytes_Check(w));
+                               r = PyBytes_AS_STRING(w);
+                               rn = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(w);
+                               Py_MEMCPY(p, r, rn);
+                               p += rn;
+                               Py_DECREF(w);
+                               s = t;
+                       } else {
+                               *p++ = *s++;
+                       }
+#else
+                       *p++ = *s++;
+#endif
+                       continue;
+               }
+               s++;
+                if (s==end) {
+                       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                                       "Trailing \\ in string");
+                       goto failed;
+               }
+               switch (*s++) {
+               /* XXX This assumes ASCII! */
+               case '\n': break;
+               case '\\': *p++ = '\\'; break;
+               case '\'': *p++ = '\''; break;
+               case '\"': *p++ = '\"'; break;
+               case 'b': *p++ = '\b'; break;
+               case 'f': *p++ = '\014'; break; /* FF */
+               case 't': *p++ = '\t'; break;
+               case 'n': *p++ = '\n'; break;
+               case 'r': *p++ = '\r'; break;
+               case 'v': *p++ = '\013'; break; /* VT */
+               case 'a': *p++ = '\007'; break; /* BEL, not classic C */
+               case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
+               case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
+                       c = s[-1] - '0';
+                       if (s < end && '0' <= *s && *s <= '7') {
+                               c = (c<<3) + *s++ - '0';
+                               if (s < end && '0' <= *s && *s <= '7')
+                                       c = (c<<3) + *s++ - '0';
+                       }
+                       *p++ = c;
+                       break;
+               case 'x':
+                       if (s+1 < end &&
+                            isxdigit(Py_CHARMASK(s[0])) &&
+                           isxdigit(Py_CHARMASK(s[1])))
+                        {
+                               unsigned int x = 0;
+                               c = Py_CHARMASK(*s);
+                               s++;
+                               if (isdigit(c))
+                                       x = c - '0';
+                               else if (islower(c))
+                                       x = 10 + c - 'a';
+                               else
+                                       x = 10 + c - 'A';
+                               x = x << 4;
+                               c = Py_CHARMASK(*s);
+                               s++;
+                               if (isdigit(c))
+                                       x += c - '0';
+                               else if (islower(c))
+                                       x += 10 + c - 'a';
+                               else
+                                       x += 10 + c - 'A';
+                               *p++ = x;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (!errors || strcmp(errors, "strict") == 0) {
+                               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                                               "invalid \\x escape");
+                               goto failed;
+                       }
+                       if (strcmp(errors, "replace") == 0) {
+                               *p++ = '?';
+                       } else if (strcmp(errors, "ignore") == 0)
+                               /* do nothing */;
+                       else {
+                               PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                                            "decoding error; "
+                                            "unknown error handling code: %.400s",
+                                            errors);
+                               goto failed;
+                       }
+#ifndef Py_USING_UNICODE
+               case 'u':
+               case 'U':
+               case 'N':
+                       if (unicode) {
+                               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                                         "Unicode escapes not legal "
+                                         "when Unicode disabled");
+                               goto failed;
+                       }
+#endif
+               default:
+                       *p++ = '\\';
+                       s--;
+                       goto non_esc; /* an arbitry number of unescaped
+                                        UTF-8 bytes may follow. */
+               }
+       }
+       if (p-buf < newlen)
+               _PyBytes_Resize(&v, p - buf);
+       return v;
+  failed:
+       Py_DECREF(v);
+       return NULL;
+}
 
-    new = PyObject_New(PyByteArrayObject, &PyByteArray_Type);
-    if (new == NULL)
-        return NULL;
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* object api */
 
-    if (size == 0) {
-        new->ob_bytes = NULL;
-        alloc = 0;
-    }
-    else {
-        alloc = size + 1;
-        new->ob_bytes = PyMem_Malloc(alloc);
-        if (new->ob_bytes == NULL) {
-            Py_DECREF(new);
-            return PyErr_NoMemory();
-        }
-        if (bytes != NULL)
-            memcpy(new->ob_bytes, bytes, size);
-        new->ob_bytes[size] = '\0';  /* Trailing null byte */
-    }
-    Py_SIZE(new) = size;
-    new->ob_alloc = alloc;
-    new->ob_exports = 0;
+static Py_ssize_t
+string_getsize(register PyObject *op)
+{
+       char *s;
+       Py_ssize_t len;
+       if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(op, &s, &len))
+               return -1;
+       return len;
+}
 
-    return (PyObject *)new;
+static /*const*/ char *
+string_getbuffer(register PyObject *op)
+{
+       char *s;
+       Py_ssize_t len;
+       if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(op, &s, &len))
+               return NULL;
+       return s;
 }
 
 Py_ssize_t
-PyByteArray_Size(PyObject *self)
+PyBytes_Size(register PyObject *op)
 {
-    assert(self != NULL);
-    assert(PyByteArray_Check(self));
-
-    return PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
+       if (!PyBytes_Check(op))
+               return string_getsize(op);
+       return Py_SIZE(op);
 }
 
-char  *
-PyByteArray_AsString(PyObject *self)
+/*const*/ char *
+PyBytes_AsString(register PyObject *op)
 {
-    assert(self != NULL);
-    assert(PyByteArray_Check(self));
-
-    return PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
+       if (!PyBytes_Check(op))
+               return string_getbuffer(op);
+       return ((PyBytesObject *)op) -> ob_sval;
 }
 
 int
-PyByteArray_Resize(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t size)
+PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(register PyObject *obj,
+                        register char **s,
+                        register Py_ssize_t *len)
 {
-    void *sval;
-    Py_ssize_t alloc = ((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_alloc;
+       if (s == NULL) {
+               PyErr_BadInternalCall();
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       if (!PyBytes_Check(obj)) {
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+               if (PyUnicode_Check(obj)) {
+                       obj = _PyUnicode_AsDefaultEncodedString(obj, NULL);
+                       if (obj == NULL)
+                               return -1;
+               }
+               else
+#endif
+               {
+                       PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                                    "expected string or Unicode object, "
+                                    "%.200s found", Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
+                       return -1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(obj);
+       if (len != NULL)
+               *len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(obj);
+       else if (strlen(*s) != (size_t)PyBytes_GET_SIZE(obj)) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                               "expected string without null bytes");
+               return -1;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
 
-    assert(self != NULL);
-    assert(PyByteArray_Check(self));
-    assert(size >= 0);
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* Methods */
 
-    if (size < alloc / 2) {
-        /* Major downsize; resize down to exact size */
-        alloc = size + 1;
-    }
-    else if (size < alloc) {
-        /* Within allocated size; quick exit */
-        Py_SIZE(self) = size;
-        ((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_bytes[size] = '\0'; /* Trailing null */
-        return 0;
-    }
-    else if (size <= alloc * 1.125) {
-        /* Moderate upsize; overallocate similar to list_resize() */
-        alloc = size + (size >> 3) + (size < 9 ? 3 : 6);
-    }
-    else {
-        /* Major upsize; resize up to exact size */
-        alloc = size + 1;
-    }
+#include "stringlib/stringdefs.h"
+#include "stringlib/fastsearch.h"
 
-    if (((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_exports > 0) {
-            /*
-            fprintf(stderr, "%d: %s", ((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_exports,
-                    ((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_bytes);
-            */
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_BufferError,
-                    "Existing exports of data: object cannot be re-sized");
-            return -1;
-    }
+#include "stringlib/count.h"
+#include "stringlib/find.h"
+#include "stringlib/partition.h"
 
-    sval = PyMem_Realloc(((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_bytes, alloc);
-    if (sval == NULL) {
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-        return -1;
-    }
+#define _Py_InsertThousandsGrouping _PyBytes_InsertThousandsGrouping
+#include "stringlib/localeutil.h"
 
-    ((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_bytes = sval;
-    Py_SIZE(self) = size;
-    ((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_alloc = alloc;
-    ((PyByteArrayObject *)self)->ob_bytes[size] = '\0'; /* Trailing null byte */
 
-    return 0;
+
+static int
+string_print(PyBytesObject *op, FILE *fp, int flags)
+{
+       Py_ssize_t i, str_len;
+       char c;
+       int quote;
+
+       /* XXX Ought to check for interrupts when writing long strings */
+       if (! PyBytes_CheckExact(op)) {
+               int ret;
+               /* A str subclass may have its own __str__ method. */
+               op = (PyBytesObject *) PyObject_Str((PyObject *)op);
+               if (op == NULL)
+                       return -1;
+               ret = string_print(op, fp, flags);
+               Py_DECREF(op);
+               return ret;
+       }
+       if (flags & Py_PRINT_RAW) {
+               char *data = op->ob_sval;
+               Py_ssize_t size = Py_SIZE(op);
+               Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
+               while (size > INT_MAX) {
+                       /* Very long strings cannot be written atomically.
+                        * But don't write exactly INT_MAX bytes at a time
+                        * to avoid memory aligment issues.
+                        */
+                       const int chunk_size = INT_MAX & ~0x3FFF;
+                       fwrite(data, 1, chunk_size, fp);
+                       data += chunk_size;
+                       size -= chunk_size;
+               }
+#ifdef __VMS
+                if (size) fwrite(data, (int)size, 1, fp);
+#else
+                fwrite(data, 1, (int)size, fp);
+#endif
+               Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       /* figure out which quote to use; single is preferred */
+       quote = '\'';
+       if (memchr(op->ob_sval, '\'', Py_SIZE(op)) &&
+           !memchr(op->ob_sval, '"', Py_SIZE(op)))
+               quote = '"';
+
+       str_len = Py_SIZE(op);
+       Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
+       fputc(quote, fp);
+       for (i = 0; i < str_len; i++) {
+               /* Since strings are immutable and the caller should have a
+               reference, accessing the interal buffer should not be an issue
+               with the GIL released. */
+               c = op->ob_sval[i];
+               if (c == quote || c == '\\')
+                       fprintf(fp, "\\%c", c);
+                else if (c == '\t')
+                        fprintf(fp, "\\t");
+                else if (c == '\n')
+                        fprintf(fp, "\\n");
+                else if (c == '\r')
+                        fprintf(fp, "\\r");
+               else if (c < ' ' || c >= 0x7f)
+                       fprintf(fp, "\\x%02x", c & 0xff);
+               else
+                       fputc(c, fp);
+       }
+       fputc(quote, fp);
+       Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
+       return 0;
 }
 
 PyObject *
-PyByteArray_Concat(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t size;
-    Py_buffer va, vb;
-    PyByteArrayObject *result = NULL;
-
-    va.len = -1;
-    vb.len = -1;
-    if (_getbuffer(a, &va) < 0  ||
-        _getbuffer(b, &vb) < 0) {
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "can't concat %.100s to %.100s",
-                         Py_TYPE(a)->tp_name, Py_TYPE(b)->tp_name);
-            goto done;
-    }
-
-    size = va.len + vb.len;
-    if (size < 0) {
-            return PyErr_NoMemory();
-            goto done;
-    }
-
-    result = (PyByteArrayObject *) PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size);
-    if (result != NULL) {
-        memcpy(result->ob_bytes, va.buf, va.len);
-        memcpy(result->ob_bytes + va.len, vb.buf, vb.len);
-    }
-
-  done:
-    if (va.len != -1)
-        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(a, &va);
-    if (vb.len != -1)
-        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(b, &vb);
-    return (PyObject *)result;
+PyBytes_Repr(PyObject *obj, int smartquotes)
+{
+       register PyBytesObject* op = (PyBytesObject*) obj;
+       size_t newsize = 2 + 4 * Py_SIZE(op);
+       PyObject *v;
+       if (newsize > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX || newsize / 4 != Py_SIZE(op)) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                       "string is too large to make repr");
+                return NULL;
+       }
+       v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, newsize);
+       if (v == NULL) {
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       else {
+               register Py_ssize_t i;
+               register char c;
+               register char *p;
+               int quote;
+
+               /* figure out which quote to use; single is preferred */
+               quote = '\'';
+               if (smartquotes &&
+                   memchr(op->ob_sval, '\'', Py_SIZE(op)) &&
+                   !memchr(op->ob_sval, '"', Py_SIZE(op)))
+                       quote = '"';
+
+               p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(v);
+               *p++ = quote;
+               for (i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(op); i++) {
+                       /* There's at least enough room for a hex escape
+                          and a closing quote. */
+                       assert(newsize - (p - PyBytes_AS_STRING(v)) >= 5);
+                       c = op->ob_sval[i];
+                       if (c == quote || c == '\\')
+                               *p++ = '\\', *p++ = c;
+                       else if (c == '\t')
+                               *p++ = '\\', *p++ = 't';
+                       else if (c == '\n')
+                               *p++ = '\\', *p++ = 'n';
+                       else if (c == '\r')
+                               *p++ = '\\', *p++ = 'r';
+                       else if (c < ' ' || c >= 0x7f) {
+                               /* For performance, we don't want to call
+                                  PyOS_snprintf here (extra layers of
+                                  function call). */
+                               sprintf(p, "\\x%02x", c & 0xff);
+                                p += 4;
+                       }
+                       else
+                               *p++ = c;
+               }
+               assert(newsize - (p - PyBytes_AS_STRING(v)) >= 1);
+               *p++ = quote;
+               *p = '\0';
+               _PyBytes_Resize(
+                       &v, (p - PyBytes_AS_STRING(v)));
+               return v;
+       }
 }
 
-/* Functions stuffed into the type object */
-
-static Py_ssize_t
-bytes_length(PyByteArrayObject *self)
+static PyObject *
+string_repr(PyObject *op)
 {
-    return Py_SIZE(self);
+       return PyBytes_Repr(op, 1);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_iconcat(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *other)
+string_str(PyObject *s)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t mysize;
-    Py_ssize_t size;
-    Py_buffer vo;
-
-    if (_getbuffer(other, &vo) < 0) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "can't concat %.100s to %.100s",
-                     Py_TYPE(other)->tp_name, Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name);
-        return NULL;
-    }
+       assert(PyBytes_Check(s));
+       if (PyBytes_CheckExact(s)) {
+               Py_INCREF(s);
+               return s;
+       }
+       else {
+               /* Subtype -- return genuine string with the same value. */
+               PyBytesObject *t = (PyBytesObject *) s;
+               return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(t->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(t));
+       }
+}
 
-    mysize = Py_SIZE(self);
-    size = mysize + vo.len;
-    if (size < 0) {
-        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(other, &vo);
-        return PyErr_NoMemory();
-    }
-    if (size < self->ob_alloc) {
-        Py_SIZE(self) = size;
-        self->ob_bytes[Py_SIZE(self)] = '\0'; /* Trailing null byte */
-    }
-    else if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, size) < 0) {
-        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(other, &vo);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    memcpy(self->ob_bytes + mysize, vo.buf, vo.len);
-    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(other, &vo);
-    Py_INCREF(self);
-    return (PyObject *)self;
+static Py_ssize_t
+string_length(PyBytesObject *a)
+{
+       return Py_SIZE(a);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_repeat(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t count)
-{
-    PyByteArrayObject *result;
-    Py_ssize_t mysize;
-    Py_ssize_t size;
-
-    if (count < 0)
-        count = 0;
-    mysize = Py_SIZE(self);
-    size = mysize * count;
-    if (count != 0 && size / count != mysize)
-        return PyErr_NoMemory();
-    result = (PyByteArrayObject *)PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size);
-    if (result != NULL && size != 0) {
-        if (mysize == 1)
-            memset(result->ob_bytes, self->ob_bytes[0], size);
-        else {
-            Py_ssize_t i;
-            for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
-                memcpy(result->ob_bytes + i*mysize, self->ob_bytes, mysize);
-        }
-    }
-    return (PyObject *)result;
+string_concat(register PyBytesObject *a, register PyObject *bb)
+{
+       register Py_ssize_t size;
+       register PyBytesObject *op;
+       if (!PyBytes_Check(bb)) {
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+               if (PyUnicode_Check(bb))
+                   return PyUnicode_Concat((PyObject *)a, bb);
+#endif
+               if (PyByteArray_Check(bb))
+                   return PyByteArray_Concat((PyObject *)a, bb);
+               PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                            "cannot concatenate 'str' and '%.200s' objects",
+                            Py_TYPE(bb)->tp_name);
+               return NULL;
+       }
+#define b ((PyBytesObject *)bb)
+       /* Optimize cases with empty left or right operand */
+       if ((Py_SIZE(a) == 0 || Py_SIZE(b) == 0) &&
+           PyBytes_CheckExact(a) && PyBytes_CheckExact(b)) {
+               if (Py_SIZE(a) == 0) {
+                       Py_INCREF(bb);
+                       return bb;
+               }
+               Py_INCREF(a);
+               return (PyObject *)a;
+       }
+       size = Py_SIZE(a) + Py_SIZE(b);
+       if (size < 0) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                               "strings are too large to concat");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+         
+       /* Inline PyObject_NewVar */
+       op = (PyBytesObject *)PyObject_MALLOC(sizeof(PyBytesObject) + size);
+       if (op == NULL)
+               return PyErr_NoMemory();
+       PyObject_INIT_VAR(op, &PyBytes_Type, size);
+       op->ob_shash = -1;
+       op->ob_sstate = SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED;
+       Py_MEMCPY(op->ob_sval, a->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(a));
+       Py_MEMCPY(op->ob_sval + Py_SIZE(a), b->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(b));
+       op->ob_sval[size] = '\0';
+       return (PyObject *) op;
+#undef b
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_irepeat(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t count)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t mysize;
-    Py_ssize_t size;
-
-    if (count < 0)
-        count = 0;
-    mysize = Py_SIZE(self);
-    size = mysize * count;
-    if (count != 0 && size / count != mysize)
-        return PyErr_NoMemory();
-    if (size < self->ob_alloc) {
-        Py_SIZE(self) = size;
-        self->ob_bytes[Py_SIZE(self)] = '\0'; /* Trailing null byte */
-    }
-    else if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, size) < 0)
-        return NULL;
+string_repeat(register PyBytesObject *a, register Py_ssize_t n)
+{
+       register Py_ssize_t i;
+       register Py_ssize_t j;
+       register Py_ssize_t size;
+       register PyBytesObject *op;
+       size_t nbytes;
+       if (n < 0)
+               n = 0;
+       /* watch out for overflows:  the size can overflow int,
+        * and the # of bytes needed can overflow size_t
+        */
+       size = Py_SIZE(a) * n;
+       if (n && size / n != Py_SIZE(a)) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                       "repeated string is too long");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       if (size == Py_SIZE(a) && PyBytes_CheckExact(a)) {
+               Py_INCREF(a);
+               return (PyObject *)a;
+       }
+       nbytes = (size_t)size;
+       if (nbytes + sizeof(PyBytesObject) <= nbytes) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                       "repeated string is too long");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       op = (PyBytesObject *)
+               PyObject_MALLOC(sizeof(PyBytesObject) + nbytes);
+       if (op == NULL)
+               return PyErr_NoMemory();
+       PyObject_INIT_VAR(op, &PyBytes_Type, size);
+       op->ob_shash = -1;
+       op->ob_sstate = SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED;
+       op->ob_sval[size] = '\0';
+       if (Py_SIZE(a) == 1 && n > 0) {
+               memset(op->ob_sval, a->ob_sval[0] , n);
+               return (PyObject *) op;
+       }
+       i = 0;
+       if (i < size) {
+               Py_MEMCPY(op->ob_sval, a->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(a));
+               i = Py_SIZE(a);
+       }
+       while (i < size) {
+               j = (i <= size-i)  ?  i  :  size-i;
+               Py_MEMCPY(op->ob_sval+i, op->ob_sval, j);
+               i += j;
+       }
+       return (PyObject *) op;
+}
 
-    if (mysize == 1)
-        memset(self->ob_bytes, self->ob_bytes[0], size);
-    else {
-        Py_ssize_t i;
-        for (i = 1; i < count; i++)
-            memcpy(self->ob_bytes + i*mysize, self->ob_bytes, mysize);
-    }
+/* String slice a[i:j] consists of characters a[i] ... a[j-1] */
 
-    Py_INCREF(self);
-    return (PyObject *)self;
+static PyObject *
+string_slice(register PyBytesObject *a, register Py_ssize_t i,
+            register Py_ssize_t j)
+     /* j -- may be negative! */
+{
+       if (i < 0)
+               i = 0;
+       if (j < 0)
+               j = 0; /* Avoid signed/unsigned bug in next line */
+       if (j > Py_SIZE(a))
+               j = Py_SIZE(a);
+       if (i == 0 && j == Py_SIZE(a) && PyBytes_CheckExact(a)) {
+               /* It's the same as a */
+               Py_INCREF(a);
+               return (PyObject *)a;
+       }
+       if (j < i)
+               j = i;
+       return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(a->ob_sval + i, j-i);
 }
 
-static PyObject *
-bytes_getitem(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t i)
+static int
+string_contains(PyObject *str_obj, PyObject *sub_obj)
 {
-    if (i < 0)
-        i += Py_SIZE(self);
-    if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(self)) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "bytearray index out of range");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    return PyInt_FromLong((unsigned char)(self->ob_bytes[i]));
+       if (!PyBytes_CheckExact(sub_obj)) {
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+               if (PyUnicode_Check(sub_obj))
+                       return PyUnicode_Contains(str_obj, sub_obj);
+#endif
+               if (!PyBytes_Check(sub_obj)) {
+                       PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                           "'in <string>' requires string as left operand, "
+                           "not %.200s", Py_TYPE(sub_obj)->tp_name);
+                       return -1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return stringlib_contains_obj(str_obj, sub_obj);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_subscript(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *item)
+string_item(PyBytesObject *a, register Py_ssize_t i)
 {
-    if (PyIndex_Check(item)) {
-        Py_ssize_t i = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_IndexError);
-
-        if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
-            return NULL;
-
-        if (i < 0)
-            i += PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
-
-        if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(self)) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "bytearray index out of range");
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        return PyInt_FromLong((unsigned char)(self->ob_bytes[i]));
-    }
-    else if (PySlice_Check(item)) {
-        Py_ssize_t start, stop, step, slicelength, cur, i;
-        if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx((PySliceObject *)item,
-                                 PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self),
-                                 &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength) < 0) {
-            return NULL;
-        }
+       char pchar;
+       PyObject *v;
+       if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(a)) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "string index out of range");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       pchar = a->ob_sval[i];
+       v = (PyObject *)characters[pchar & UCHAR_MAX];
+       if (v == NULL)
+               v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(&pchar, 1);
+       else {
+#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
+               one_strings++;
+#endif
+               Py_INCREF(v);
+       }
+       return v;
+}
 
-        if (slicelength <= 0)
-            return PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize("", 0);
-        else if (step == 1) {
-            return PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(self->ob_bytes + start,
-                                             slicelength);
-        }
-        else {
-            char *source_buf = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
-            char *result_buf = (char *)PyMem_Malloc(slicelength);
-            PyObject *result;
+static PyObject*
+string_richcompare(PyBytesObject *a, PyBytesObject *b, int op)
+{
+       int c;
+       Py_ssize_t len_a, len_b;
+       Py_ssize_t min_len;
+       PyObject *result;
+
+       /* Make sure both arguments are strings. */
+       if (!(PyBytes_Check(a) && PyBytes_Check(b))) {
+               result = Py_NotImplemented;
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (a == b) {
+               switch (op) {
+               case Py_EQ:case Py_LE:case Py_GE:
+                       result = Py_True;
+                       goto out;
+               case Py_NE:case Py_LT:case Py_GT:
+                       result = Py_False;
+                       goto out;
+               }
+       }
+       if (op == Py_EQ) {
+               /* Supporting Py_NE here as well does not save
+                  much time, since Py_NE is rarely used.  */
+               if (Py_SIZE(a) == Py_SIZE(b)
+                   && (a->ob_sval[0] == b->ob_sval[0]
+                       && memcmp(a->ob_sval, b->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(a)) == 0)) {
+                       result = Py_True;
+               } else {
+                       result = Py_False;
+               }
+               goto out;
+       }
+       len_a = Py_SIZE(a); len_b = Py_SIZE(b);
+       min_len = (len_a < len_b) ? len_a : len_b;
+       if (min_len > 0) {
+               c = Py_CHARMASK(*a->ob_sval) - Py_CHARMASK(*b->ob_sval);
+               if (c==0)
+                       c = memcmp(a->ob_sval, b->ob_sval, min_len);
+       } else
+               c = 0;
+       if (c == 0)
+               c = (len_a < len_b) ? -1 : (len_a > len_b) ? 1 : 0;
+       switch (op) {
+       case Py_LT: c = c <  0; break;
+       case Py_LE: c = c <= 0; break;
+       case Py_EQ: assert(0);  break; /* unreachable */
+       case Py_NE: c = c != 0; break;
+       case Py_GT: c = c >  0; break;
+       case Py_GE: c = c >= 0; break;
+       default:
+               result = Py_NotImplemented;
+               goto out;
+       }
+       result = c ? Py_True : Py_False;
+  out:
+       Py_INCREF(result);
+       return result;
+}
 
-            if (result_buf == NULL)
-                return PyErr_NoMemory();
+int
+_PyBytes_Eq(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
+{
+       PyBytesObject *a = (PyBytesObject*) o1;
+       PyBytesObject *b = (PyBytesObject*) o2;
+        return Py_SIZE(a) == Py_SIZE(b)
+          && *a->ob_sval == *b->ob_sval
+          && memcmp(a->ob_sval, b->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(a)) == 0;
+}
 
-            for (cur = start, i = 0; i < slicelength;
-                 cur += step, i++) {
-                     result_buf[i] = source_buf[cur];
-            }
-            result = PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(result_buf, slicelength);
-            PyMem_Free(result_buf);
-            return result;
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "bytearray indices must be integers");
-        return NULL;
-    }
+static long
+string_hash(PyBytesObject *a)
+{
+       register Py_ssize_t len;
+       register unsigned char *p;
+       register long x;
+
+       if (a->ob_shash != -1)
+               return a->ob_shash;
+       len = Py_SIZE(a);
+       p = (unsigned char *) a->ob_sval;
+       x = *p << 7;
+       while (--len >= 0)
+               x = (1000003*x) ^ *p++;
+       x ^= Py_SIZE(a);
+       if (x == -1)
+               x = -2;
+       a->ob_shash = x;
+       return x;
 }
 
-static int
-bytes_setslice(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t lo, Py_ssize_t hi,
-               PyObject *values)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t avail, needed;
-    void *bytes;
-    Py_buffer vbytes;
-    int res = 0;
-
-    vbytes.len = -1;
-    if (values == (PyObject *)self) {
-        /* Make a copy and call this function recursively */
-        int err;
-        values = PyByteArray_FromObject(values);
-        if (values == NULL)
-            return -1;
-        err = bytes_setslice(self, lo, hi, values);
-        Py_DECREF(values);
-        return err;
-    }
-    if (values == NULL) {
-        /* del b[lo:hi] */
-        bytes = NULL;
-        needed = 0;
-    }
-    else {
-            if (_getbuffer(values, &vbytes) < 0) {
-                    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                                 "can't set bytes slice from %.100s",
-                                 Py_TYPE(values)->tp_name);
-                    return -1;
-            }
-            needed = vbytes.len;
-            bytes = vbytes.buf;
-    }
+static PyObject*
+string_subscript(PyBytesObject* self, PyObject* item)
+{
+       if (PyIndex_Check(item)) {
+               Py_ssize_t i = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_IndexError);
+               if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
+                       return NULL;
+               if (i < 0)
+                       i += PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+               return string_item(self, i);
+       }
+       else if (PySlice_Check(item)) {
+               Py_ssize_t start, stop, step, slicelength, cur, i;
+               char* source_buf;
+               char* result_buf;
+               PyObject* result;
+
+               if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx((PySliceObject*)item,
+                                PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self),
+                                &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength) < 0) {
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               if (slicelength <= 0) {
+                       return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize("", 0);
+               }
+               else if (start == 0 && step == 1 &&
+                        slicelength == PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) &&
+                        PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
+                       Py_INCREF(self);
+                       return (PyObject *)self;
+               }
+               else if (step == 1) {
+                       return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(
+                               PyBytes_AS_STRING(self) + start,
+                               slicelength);
+               }
+               else {
+                       source_buf = PyBytes_AsString((PyObject*)self);
+                       result_buf = (char *)PyMem_Malloc(slicelength);
+                       if (result_buf == NULL)
+                               return PyErr_NoMemory();
+
+                       for (cur = start, i = 0; i < slicelength;
+                            cur += step, i++) {
+                               result_buf[i] = source_buf[cur];
+                       }
+
+                       result = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(result_buf,
+                                                           slicelength);
+                       PyMem_Free(result_buf);
+                       return result;
+               }
+       }
+       else {
+               PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                            "string indices must be integers, not %.200s",
+                            Py_TYPE(item)->tp_name);
+               return NULL;
+       }
+}
 
-    if (lo < 0)
-        lo = 0;
-    if (hi < lo)
-        hi = lo;
-    if (hi > Py_SIZE(self))
-        hi = Py_SIZE(self);
-
-    avail = hi - lo;
-    if (avail < 0)
-        lo = hi = avail = 0;
-
-    if (avail != needed) {
-        if (avail > needed) {
-            /*
-              0   lo               hi               old_size
-              |   |<----avail----->|<-----tomove------>|
-              |   |<-needed->|<-----tomove------>|
-              0   lo      new_hi              new_size
-            */
-            memmove(self->ob_bytes + lo + needed, self->ob_bytes + hi,
-                    Py_SIZE(self) - hi);
-        }
-        /* XXX(nnorwitz): need to verify this can't overflow! */
-        if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self,
-                           Py_SIZE(self) + needed - avail) < 0) {
-                res = -1;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-        if (avail < needed) {
-            /*
-              0   lo        hi               old_size
-              |   |<-avail->|<-----tomove------>|
-              |   |<----needed---->|<-----tomove------>|
-              0   lo            new_hi              new_size
-             */
-            memmove(self->ob_bytes + lo + needed, self->ob_bytes + hi,
-                    Py_SIZE(self) - lo - needed);
-        }
-    }
+static Py_ssize_t
+string_buffer_getreadbuf(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t index, const void **ptr)
+{
+       if ( index != 0 ) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
+                               "accessing non-existent string segment");
+               return -1;
+       }
+       *ptr = (void *)self->ob_sval;
+       return Py_SIZE(self);
+}
 
-    if (needed > 0)
-        memcpy(self->ob_bytes + lo, bytes, needed);
+static Py_ssize_t
+string_buffer_getwritebuf(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t index, const void **ptr)
+{
+       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                       "Cannot use string as modifiable buffer");
+       return -1;
+}
 
+static Py_ssize_t
+string_buffer_getsegcount(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t *lenp)
+{
+       if ( lenp )
+               *lenp = Py_SIZE(self);
+       return 1;
+}
 
- finish:
-    if (vbytes.len != -1)
-            PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(values, &vbytes);
-    return res;
+static Py_ssize_t
+string_buffer_getcharbuf(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t index, const char **ptr)
+{
+       if ( index != 0 ) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
+                               "accessing non-existent string segment");
+               return -1;
+       }
+       *ptr = self->ob_sval;
+       return Py_SIZE(self);
 }
 
 static int
-bytes_setitem(PyByteArrayObject *self, Py_ssize_t i, PyObject *value)
+string_buffer_getbuffer(PyBytesObject *self, Py_buffer *view, int flags)
 {
-    int ival;
+       return PyBuffer_FillInfo(view, (void *)self->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(self),
+                                0, flags);
+}
 
-    if (i < 0)
-        i += Py_SIZE(self);
+static PySequenceMethods string_as_sequence = {
+       (lenfunc)string_length, /*sq_length*/
+       (binaryfunc)string_concat, /*sq_concat*/
+       (ssizeargfunc)string_repeat, /*sq_repeat*/
+       (ssizeargfunc)string_item, /*sq_item*/
+       (ssizessizeargfunc)string_slice, /*sq_slice*/
+       0,              /*sq_ass_item*/
+       0,              /*sq_ass_slice*/
+       (objobjproc)string_contains /*sq_contains*/
+};
 
-    if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(self)) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "bytearray index out of range");
-        return -1;
-    }
+static PyMappingMethods string_as_mapping = {
+       (lenfunc)string_length,
+       (binaryfunc)string_subscript,
+       0,
+};
 
-    if (value == NULL)
-        return bytes_setslice(self, i, i+1, NULL);
+static PyBufferProcs string_as_buffer = {
+       (readbufferproc)string_buffer_getreadbuf,
+       (writebufferproc)string_buffer_getwritebuf,
+       (segcountproc)string_buffer_getsegcount,
+       (charbufferproc)string_buffer_getcharbuf,
+       (getbufferproc)string_buffer_getbuffer,
+       0, /* XXX */
+};
 
-    if (!_getbytevalue(value, &ival))
-        return -1;
 
-    self->ob_bytes[i] = ival;
-    return 0;
-}
+\f
+#define LEFTSTRIP 0
+#define RIGHTSTRIP 1
+#define BOTHSTRIP 2
 
-static int
-bytes_ass_subscript(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *item, PyObject *values)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t start, stop, step, slicelen, needed;
-    char *bytes;
+/* Arrays indexed by above */
+static const char *stripformat[] = {"|O:lstrip", "|O:rstrip", "|O:strip"};
 
-    if (PyIndex_Check(item)) {
-        Py_ssize_t i = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_IndexError);
+#define STRIPNAME(i) (stripformat[i]+3)
 
-        if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
-            return -1;
 
-        if (i < 0)
-            i += PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
+/* Don't call if length < 2 */
+#define Py_STRING_MATCH(target, offset, pattern, length)       \
+  (target[offset] == pattern[0] &&                             \
+   target[offset+length-1] == pattern[length-1] &&             \
+   !memcmp(target+offset+1, pattern+1, length-2) )
 
-        if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(self)) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "bytearray index out of range");
-            return -1;
-        }
 
-        if (values == NULL) {
-            /* Fall through to slice assignment */
-            start = i;
-            stop = i + 1;
-            step = 1;
-            slicelen = 1;
-        }
-        else {
-            Py_ssize_t ival = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(values, PyExc_ValueError);
-            if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                int int_value;
-                /* Also accept str of size 1 in 2.x */
-                PyErr_Clear();
-                if (!_getbytevalue(values, &int_value))
-                    return -1;
-                ival = (int) int_value;
-            } else if (ival < 0 || ival >= 256) {
-                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                                "byte must be in range(0, 256)");
-                return -1;
-            }
-            self->ob_bytes[i] = (char)ival;
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-    else if (PySlice_Check(item)) {
-        if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx((PySliceObject *)item,
-                                 PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self),
-                                 &start, &stop, &step, &slicelen) < 0) {
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "bytearray indices must be integer");
-        return -1;
-    }
+/* Overallocate the initial list to reduce the number of reallocs for small
+   split sizes.  Eg, "A A A A A A A A A A".split() (10 elements) has three
+   resizes, to sizes 4, 8, then 16.  Most observed string splits are for human
+   text (roughly 11 words per line) and field delimited data (usually 1-10
+   fields).  For large strings the split algorithms are bandwidth limited
+   so increasing the preallocation likely will not improve things.*/
 
-    if (values == NULL) {
-        bytes = NULL;
-        needed = 0;
-    }
-    else if (values == (PyObject *)self || !PyByteArray_Check(values)) {
-        /* Make a copy an call this function recursively */
-        int err;
-        values = PyByteArray_FromObject(values);
-        if (values == NULL)
-            return -1;
-        err = bytes_ass_subscript(self, item, values);
-        Py_DECREF(values);
-        return err;
-    }
-    else {
-        assert(PyByteArray_Check(values));
-        bytes = ((PyByteArrayObject *)values)->ob_bytes;
-        needed = Py_SIZE(values);
-    }
-    /* Make sure b[5:2] = ... inserts before 5, not before 2. */
-    if ((step < 0 && start < stop) ||
-        (step > 0 && start > stop))
-        stop = start;
-    if (step == 1) {
-        if (slicelen != needed) {
-            if (slicelen > needed) {
-                /*
-                  0   start           stop              old_size
-                  |   |<---slicelen--->|<-----tomove------>|
-                  |   |<-needed->|<-----tomove------>|
-                  0   lo      new_hi              new_size
-                */
-                memmove(self->ob_bytes + start + needed, self->ob_bytes + stop,
-                        Py_SIZE(self) - stop);
-            }
-            if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self,
-                               Py_SIZE(self) + needed - slicelen) < 0)
-                return -1;
-            if (slicelen < needed) {
-                /*
-                  0   lo        hi               old_size
-                  |   |<-avail->|<-----tomove------>|
-                  |   |<----needed---->|<-----tomove------>|
-                  0   lo            new_hi              new_size
-                 */
-                memmove(self->ob_bytes + start + needed, self->ob_bytes + stop,
-                        Py_SIZE(self) - start - needed);
-            }
-        }
+#define MAX_PREALLOC 12
 
-        if (needed > 0)
-            memcpy(self->ob_bytes + start, bytes, needed);
+/* 5 splits gives 6 elements */
+#define PREALLOC_SIZE(maxsplit) \
+       (maxsplit >= MAX_PREALLOC ? MAX_PREALLOC : maxsplit+1)
+
+#define SPLIT_APPEND(data, left, right)                                \
+       str = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((data) + (left),        \
+                                        (right) - (left));     \
+       if (str == NULL)                                        \
+               goto onError;                                   \
+       if (PyList_Append(list, str)) {                         \
+               Py_DECREF(str);                                 \
+               goto onError;                                   \
+       }                                                       \
+       else                                                    \
+               Py_DECREF(str);
+
+#define SPLIT_ADD(data, left, right) {                         \
+       str = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((data) + (left),        \
+                                        (right) - (left));     \
+       if (str == NULL)                                        \
+               goto onError;                                   \
+       if (count < MAX_PREALLOC) {                             \
+               PyList_SET_ITEM(list, count, str);              \
+       } else {                                                \
+               if (PyList_Append(list, str)) {                 \
+                       Py_DECREF(str);                         \
+                       goto onError;                           \
+               }                                               \
+               else                                            \
+                       Py_DECREF(str);                         \
+       }                                                       \
+       count++; }
 
-        return 0;
-    }
-    else {
-        if (needed == 0) {
-            /* Delete slice */
-            Py_ssize_t cur, i;
-
-            if (step < 0) {
-                stop = start + 1;
-                start = stop + step * (slicelen - 1) - 1;
-                step = -step;
-            }
-            for (cur = start, i = 0;
-                 i < slicelen; cur += step, i++) {
-                Py_ssize_t lim = step - 1;
+/* Always force the list to the expected size. */
+#define FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list) Py_SIZE(list) = count
 
-                if (cur + step >= PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self))
-                    lim = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self) - cur - 1;
+#define SKIP_SPACE(s, i, len)    { while (i<len &&  isspace(Py_CHARMASK(s[i]))) i++; }
+#define SKIP_NONSPACE(s, i, len) { while (i<len && !isspace(Py_CHARMASK(s[i]))) i++; }
+#define RSKIP_SPACE(s, i)        { while (i>=0  &&  isspace(Py_CHARMASK(s[i]))) i--; }
+#define RSKIP_NONSPACE(s, i)     { while (i>=0  && !isspace(Py_CHARMASK(s[i]))) i--; }
 
-                memmove(self->ob_bytes + cur - i,
-                        self->ob_bytes + cur + 1, lim);
-            }
-            /* Move the tail of the bytes, in one chunk */
-            cur = start + slicelen*step;
-            if (cur < PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self)) {
-                memmove(self->ob_bytes + cur - slicelen,
-                        self->ob_bytes + cur,
-                        PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self) - cur);
-            }
-            if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self,
-                               PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self) - slicelen) < 0)
-                return -1;
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
+split_whitespace(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t len, Py_ssize_t maxsplit)
+{
+       const char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+       Py_ssize_t i, j, count=0;
+       PyObject *str;
+       PyObject *list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxsplit));
+
+       if (list == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       i = j = 0;
+
+       while (maxsplit-- > 0) {
+               SKIP_SPACE(s, i, len);
+               if (i==len) break;
+               j = i; i++;
+               SKIP_NONSPACE(s, i, len);
+               if (j == 0 && i == len && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
+                       /* No whitespace in self, so just use it as list[0] */
+                       Py_INCREF(self);
+                       PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 0, (PyObject *)self);
+                       count++;
+                       break;
+               }
+               SPLIT_ADD(s, j, i);
+       }
+
+       if (i < len) {
+               /* Only occurs when maxsplit was reached */
+               /* Skip any remaining whitespace and copy to end of string */
+               SKIP_SPACE(s, i, len);
+               if (i != len)
+                       SPLIT_ADD(s, i, len);
+       }
+       FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
+       return list;
+  onError:
+       Py_DECREF(list);
+       return NULL;
+}
 
-            return 0;
-        }
-        else {
-            /* Assign slice */
-            Py_ssize_t cur, i;
-
-            if (needed != slicelen) {
-                PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
-                             "attempt to assign bytes of size %zd "
-                             "to extended slice of size %zd",
-                             needed, slicelen);
-                return -1;
-            }
-            for (cur = start, i = 0; i < slicelen; cur += step, i++)
-                self->ob_bytes[cur] = bytes[i];
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static int
-bytes_init(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
-{
-    static char *kwlist[] = {"source", "encoding", "errors", 0};
-    PyObject *arg = NULL;
-    const char *encoding = NULL;
-    const char *errors = NULL;
-    Py_ssize_t count;
-    PyObject *it;
-    PyObject *(*iternext)(PyObject *);
-
-    if (Py_SIZE(self) != 0) {
-        /* Empty previous contents (yes, do this first of all!) */
-        if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, 0) < 0)
-            return -1;
-    }
-
-    /* Parse arguments */
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "|Oss:bytes", kwlist,
-                                     &arg, &encoding, &errors))
-        return -1;
-
-    /* Make a quick exit if no first argument */
-    if (arg == NULL) {
-        if (encoding != NULL || errors != NULL) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                            "encoding or errors without sequence argument");
-            return -1;
-        }
-        return 0;
-    }
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
+split_char(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t len, char ch, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+       const char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+       register Py_ssize_t i, j, count=0;
+       PyObject *str;
+       PyObject *list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxcount));
+
+       if (list == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       i = j = 0;
+       while ((j < len) && (maxcount-- > 0)) {
+               for(; j<len; j++) {
+                       /* I found that using memchr makes no difference */
+                       if (s[j] == ch) {
+                               SPLIT_ADD(s, i, j);
+                               i = j = j + 1;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       if (i == 0 && count == 0 && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
+               /* ch not in self, so just use self as list[0] */
+               Py_INCREF(self);
+               PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 0, (PyObject *)self);
+               count++;
+       }
+       else if (i <= len) {
+               SPLIT_ADD(s, i, len);
+       }
+       FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
+       return list;
 
-    if (PyBytes_Check(arg)) {
-        PyObject *new, *encoded;
-        if (encoding != NULL) {
-            encoded = PyCodec_Encode(arg, encoding, errors);
-            if (encoded == NULL)
-                return -1;
-            assert(PyBytes_Check(encoded));
-        }
-        else {
-            encoded = arg;
-            Py_INCREF(arg);
-        }
-        new = bytes_iconcat(self, arg);
-        Py_DECREF(encoded);
-        if (new == NULL)
-            return -1;
-        Py_DECREF(new);
-        return 0;
-    }
+  onError:
+       Py_DECREF(list);
+       return NULL;
+}
 
-    if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        /* Encode via the codec registry */
-        PyObject *encoded, *new;
-        if (encoding == NULL) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                            "unicode argument without an encoding");
-            return -1;
-        }
-        encoded = PyCodec_Encode(arg, encoding, errors);
-        if (encoded == NULL)
-            return -1;
-        assert(PyBytes_Check(encoded));
-        new = bytes_iconcat(self, encoded);
-        Py_DECREF(encoded);
-        if (new == NULL)
-            return -1;
-        Py_DECREF(new);
-        return 0;
-    }
+PyDoc_STRVAR(split__doc__,
+"S.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings\n\
+\n\
+Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the\n\
+delimiter string.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit\n\
+splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any\n\
+whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are removed\n\
+from the result.");
 
-    /* If it's not unicode, there can't be encoding or errors */
-    if (encoding != NULL || errors != NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                        "encoding or errors without a string argument");
-        return -1;
-    }
+static PyObject *
+string_split(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+       Py_ssize_t len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self), n, i, j;
+       Py_ssize_t maxsplit = -1, count=0;
+       const char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), *sub;
+       PyObject *list, *str, *subobj = Py_None;
+#ifdef USE_FAST
+       Py_ssize_t pos;
+#endif
 
-    /* Is it an int? */
-    count = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(arg, PyExc_ValueError);
-    if (count == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
-        PyErr_Clear();
-    else {
-        if (count < 0) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "negative count");
-            return -1;
-        }
-        if (count > 0) {
-            if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, count))
-                return -1;
-            memset(self->ob_bytes, 0, count);
-        }
-        return 0;
-    }
+       if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|On:split", &subobj, &maxsplit))
+               return NULL;
+       if (maxsplit < 0)
+               maxsplit = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
+       if (subobj == Py_None)
+               return split_whitespace(self, len, maxsplit);
+       if (PyBytes_Check(subobj)) {
+               sub = PyBytes_AS_STRING(subobj);
+               n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(subobj);
+       }
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+       else if (PyUnicode_Check(subobj))
+               return PyUnicode_Split((PyObject *)self, subobj, maxsplit);
+#endif
+       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(subobj, &sub, &n))
+               return NULL;
 
-    /* Use the buffer API */
-    if (PyObject_CheckBuffer(arg)) {
-        Py_ssize_t size;
-        Py_buffer view;
-        if (PyObject_GetBuffer(arg, &view, PyBUF_FULL_RO) < 0)
-            return -1;
-        size = view.len;
-        if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, size) < 0) goto fail;
-        if (PyBuffer_ToContiguous(self->ob_bytes, &view, size, 'C') < 0)
-                goto fail;
-        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(arg, &view);
-        return 0;
-    fail:
-        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(arg, &view);
-        return -1;
-    }
+       if (n == 0) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "empty separator");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       else if (n == 1)
+               return split_char(self, len, sub[0], maxsplit);
 
-    /* XXX Optimize this if the arguments is a list, tuple */
-
-    /* Get the iterator */
-    it = PyObject_GetIter(arg);
-    if (it == NULL)
-        return -1;
-    iternext = *Py_TYPE(it)->tp_iternext;
-
-    /* Run the iterator to exhaustion */
-    for (;;) {
-        PyObject *item;
-        Py_ssize_t value;
-
-        /* Get the next item */
-        item = iternext(it);
-        if (item == NULL) {
-            if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-                if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_StopIteration))
-                    goto error;
-                PyErr_Clear();
-            }
-            break;
-        }
+       list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxsplit));
+       if (list == NULL)
+               return NULL;
 
-        /* Interpret it as an int (__index__) */
-        value = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_ValueError);
-        Py_DECREF(item);
-        if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
-            goto error;
-
-        /* Range check */
-        if (value < 0 || value >= 256) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                            "bytes must be in range(0, 256)");
-            goto error;
-        }
+#ifdef USE_FAST
+       i = j = 0;
+       while (maxsplit-- > 0) {
+               pos = fastsearch(s+i, len-i, sub, n, FAST_SEARCH);
+               if (pos < 0)
+                       break;
+               j = i+pos;
+               SPLIT_ADD(s, i, j);
+               i = j + n;
+       }
+#else
+       i = j = 0;
+       while ((j+n <= len) && (maxsplit-- > 0)) {
+               for (; j+n <= len; j++) {
+                       if (Py_STRING_MATCH(s, j, sub, n)) {
+                               SPLIT_ADD(s, i, j);
+                               i = j = j + n;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+#endif
+       SPLIT_ADD(s, i, len);
+       FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
+       return list;
 
-        /* Append the byte */
-        if (Py_SIZE(self) < self->ob_alloc)
-            Py_SIZE(self)++;
-        else if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, Py_SIZE(self)+1) < 0)
-            goto error;
-        self->ob_bytes[Py_SIZE(self)-1] = value;
-    }
+ onError:
+       Py_DECREF(list);
+       return NULL;
+}
 
-    /* Clean up and return success */
-    Py_DECREF(it);
-    return 0;
+PyDoc_STRVAR(partition__doc__,
+"S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)\n\
+\n\
+Searches for the separator sep in S, and returns the part before it,\n\
+the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the separator is not\n\
+found, returns S and two empty strings.");
 
- error:
-    /* Error handling when it != NULL */
-    Py_DECREF(it);
-    return -1;
+static PyObject *
+string_partition(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *sep_obj)
+{
+       const char *sep;
+       Py_ssize_t sep_len;
+
+       if (PyBytes_Check(sep_obj)) {
+               sep = PyBytes_AS_STRING(sep_obj);
+               sep_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(sep_obj);
+       }
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+       else if (PyUnicode_Check(sep_obj))
+               return PyUnicode_Partition((PyObject *) self, sep_obj);
+#endif
+       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(sep_obj, &sep, &sep_len))
+               return NULL;
+
+       return stringlib_partition(
+               (PyObject*) self,
+               PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self),
+               sep_obj, sep, sep_len
+               );
 }
 
-/* Mostly copied from string_repr, but without the
-   "smart quote" functionality. */
+PyDoc_STRVAR(rpartition__doc__,
+"S.rpartition(sep) -> (tail, sep, head)\n\
+\n\
+Searches for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and returns\n\
+the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the\n\
+separator is not found, returns two empty strings and S.");
+
 static PyObject *
-bytes_repr(PyByteArrayObject *self)
-{
-    static const char *hexdigits = "0123456789abcdef";
-    const char *quote_prefix = "bytearray(b";
-    const char *quote_postfix = ")";
-    Py_ssize_t length = Py_SIZE(self);
-    /* 14 == strlen(quote_prefix) + 2 + strlen(quote_postfix) */
-    size_t newsize = 14 + 4 * length;
-    PyObject *v;
-    if (newsize > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX || newsize / 4 - 3 != length) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-            "bytearray object is too large to make repr");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    v = PyUnicode_FromUnicode(NULL, newsize);
-    if (v == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    else {
-        register Py_ssize_t i;
-        register Py_UNICODE c;
-        register Py_UNICODE *p;
-        int quote;
-
-        /* Figure out which quote to use; single is preferred */
-        quote = '\'';
-        {
-            char *test, *start;
-            start = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
-            for (test = start; test < start+length; ++test) {
-                if (*test == '"') {
-                    quote = '\''; /* back to single */
-                    goto decided;
-                }
-                else if (*test == '\'')
-                    quote = '"';
-            }
-          decided:
-            ;
-        }
+string_rpartition(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *sep_obj)
+{
+       const char *sep;
+       Py_ssize_t sep_len;
+
+       if (PyBytes_Check(sep_obj)) {
+               sep = PyBytes_AS_STRING(sep_obj);
+               sep_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(sep_obj);
+       }
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+       else if (PyUnicode_Check(sep_obj))
+               return PyUnicode_Partition((PyObject *) self, sep_obj);
+#endif
+       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(sep_obj, &sep, &sep_len))
+               return NULL;
+
+       return stringlib_rpartition(
+               (PyObject*) self,
+               PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self),
+               sep_obj, sep, sep_len
+               );
+}
 
-        p = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(v);
-        while (*quote_prefix)
-            *p++ = *quote_prefix++;
-        *p++ = quote;
-
-        for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-            /* There's at least enough room for a hex escape
-               and a closing quote. */
-            assert(newsize - (p - PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(v)) >= 5);
-            c = self->ob_bytes[i];
-            if (c == '\'' || c == '\\')
-                *p++ = '\\', *p++ = c;
-            else if (c == '\t')
-                *p++ = '\\', *p++ = 't';
-            else if (c == '\n')
-                *p++ = '\\', *p++ = 'n';
-            else if (c == '\r')
-                *p++ = '\\', *p++ = 'r';
-            else if (c == 0)
-                *p++ = '\\', *p++ = 'x', *p++ = '0', *p++ = '0';
-            else if (c < ' ' || c >= 0x7f) {
-                *p++ = '\\';
-                *p++ = 'x';
-                *p++ = hexdigits[(c & 0xf0) >> 4];
-                *p++ = hexdigits[c & 0xf];
-            }
-            else
-                *p++ = c;
-        }
-        assert(newsize - (p - PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(v)) >= 1);
-        *p++ = quote;
-        while (*quote_postfix) {
-           *p++ = *quote_postfix++;
-        }
-        *p = '\0';
-        if (PyUnicode_Resize(&v, (p - PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(v)))) {
-            Py_DECREF(v);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        return v;
-    }
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
+rsplit_whitespace(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t len, Py_ssize_t maxsplit)
+{
+       const char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+       Py_ssize_t i, j, count=0;
+       PyObject *str;
+       PyObject *list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxsplit));
+
+       if (list == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       i = j = len-1;
+
+       while (maxsplit-- > 0) {
+               RSKIP_SPACE(s, i);
+               if (i<0) break;
+               j = i; i--;
+               RSKIP_NONSPACE(s, i);
+               if (j == len-1 && i < 0 && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
+                       /* No whitespace in self, so just use it as list[0] */
+                       Py_INCREF(self);
+                       PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 0, (PyObject *)self);
+                       count++;
+                       break;
+               }
+               SPLIT_ADD(s, i + 1, j + 1);
+       }
+       if (i >= 0) {
+               /* Only occurs when maxsplit was reached */
+               /* Skip any remaining whitespace and copy to beginning of string */
+               RSKIP_SPACE(s, i);
+               if (i >= 0)
+                       SPLIT_ADD(s, 0, i + 1);
+
+       }
+       FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
+       if (PyList_Reverse(list) < 0)
+               goto onError;
+       return list;
+  onError:
+       Py_DECREF(list);
+       return NULL;
 }
 
-static PyObject *
-bytes_str(PyObject *op)
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
+rsplit_char(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t len, char ch, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
 {
-#if 0
-    if (Py_BytesWarningFlag) {
-        if (PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_BytesWarning,
-                 "str() on a bytearray instance", 1))
-            return NULL;
-    }
-    return bytes_repr((PyByteArrayObject*)op);
-#endif
-    return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(((PyByteArrayObject*)op)->ob_bytes, Py_SIZE(op));
+       const char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+       register Py_ssize_t i, j, count=0;
+       PyObject *str;
+       PyObject *list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxcount));
+
+       if (list == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       i = j = len - 1;
+       while ((i >= 0) && (maxcount-- > 0)) {
+               for (; i >= 0; i--) {
+                       if (s[i] == ch) {
+                               SPLIT_ADD(s, i + 1, j + 1);
+                               j = i = i - 1;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       if (i < 0 && count == 0 && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
+               /* ch not in self, so just use self as list[0] */
+               Py_INCREF(self);
+               PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 0, (PyObject *)self);
+               count++;
+       }
+       else if (j >= -1) {
+               SPLIT_ADD(s, 0, j + 1);
+       }
+       FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
+       if (PyList_Reverse(list) < 0)
+               goto onError;
+       return list;
+
+ onError:
+       Py_DECREF(list);
+       return NULL;
 }
 
-static PyObject *
-bytes_richcompare(PyObject *self, PyObject *other, int op)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t self_size, other_size;
-    Py_buffer self_bytes, other_bytes;
-    PyObject *res;
-    Py_ssize_t minsize;
-    int cmp;
-
-    /* Bytes can be compared to anything that supports the (binary)
-       buffer API.  Except that a comparison with Unicode is always an
-       error, even if the comparison is for equality. */
-    if (PyObject_IsInstance(self, (PyObject*)&PyUnicode_Type) ||
-        PyObject_IsInstance(other, (PyObject*)&PyUnicode_Type)) {
-        if (Py_BytesWarningFlag && op == Py_EQ) {
-            if (PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_BytesWarning,
-                            "Comparsion between bytearray and string", 1))
-                return NULL;
-        }
+PyDoc_STRVAR(rsplit__doc__,
+"S.rsplit([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings\n\
+\n\
+Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the\n\
+delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working\n\
+to the front.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are\n\
+done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string\n\
+is a separator.");
 
-        Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented);
-        return Py_NotImplemented;
-    }
+static PyObject *
+string_rsplit(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+       Py_ssize_t len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self), n, i, j;
+       Py_ssize_t maxsplit = -1, count=0;
+       const char *s, *sub;
+       PyObject *list, *str, *subobj = Py_None;
+
+       if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|On:rsplit", &subobj, &maxsplit))
+               return NULL;
+       if (maxsplit < 0)
+               maxsplit = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
+       if (subobj == Py_None)
+               return rsplit_whitespace(self, len, maxsplit);
+       if (PyBytes_Check(subobj)) {
+               sub = PyBytes_AS_STRING(subobj);
+               n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(subobj);
+       }
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+       else if (PyUnicode_Check(subobj))
+               return PyUnicode_RSplit((PyObject *)self, subobj, maxsplit);
+#endif
+       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(subobj, &sub, &n))
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (n == 0) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "empty separator");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       else if (n == 1)
+               return rsplit_char(self, len, sub[0], maxsplit);
+
+       list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxsplit));
+       if (list == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       j = len;
+       i = j - n;
+
+       s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+       while ( (i >= 0) && (maxsplit-- > 0) ) {
+               for (; i>=0; i--) {
+                       if (Py_STRING_MATCH(s, i, sub, n)) {
+                               SPLIT_ADD(s, i + n, j);
+                               j = i;
+                               i -= n;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       SPLIT_ADD(s, 0, j);
+       FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
+       if (PyList_Reverse(list) < 0)
+               goto onError;
+       return list;
 
-    self_size = _getbuffer(self, &self_bytes);
-    if (self_size < 0) {
-        PyErr_Clear();
-        Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented);
-        return Py_NotImplemented;
-    }
+onError:
+       Py_DECREF(list);
+       return NULL;
+}
 
-    other_size = _getbuffer(other, &other_bytes);
-    if (other_size < 0) {
-        PyErr_Clear();
-        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(self, &self_bytes);
-        Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented);
-        return Py_NotImplemented;
-    }
 
-    if (self_size != other_size && (op == Py_EQ || op == Py_NE)) {
-        /* Shortcut: if the lengths differ, the objects differ */
-        cmp = (op == Py_NE);
-    }
-    else {
-        minsize = self_size;
-        if (other_size < minsize)
-            minsize = other_size;
-
-        cmp = memcmp(self_bytes.buf, other_bytes.buf, minsize);
-        /* In ISO C, memcmp() guarantees to use unsigned bytes! */
-
-        if (cmp == 0) {
-            if (self_size < other_size)
-                cmp = -1;
-            else if (self_size > other_size)
-                cmp = 1;
-        }
+PyDoc_STRVAR(join__doc__,
+"S.join(sequence) -> string\n\
+\n\
+Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the\n\
+sequence.  The separator between elements is S.");
 
-        switch (op) {
-        case Py_LT: cmp = cmp <  0; break;
-        case Py_LE: cmp = cmp <= 0; break;
-        case Py_EQ: cmp = cmp == 0; break;
-        case Py_NE: cmp = cmp != 0; break;
-        case Py_GT: cmp = cmp >  0; break;
-        case Py_GE: cmp = cmp >= 0; break;
-        }
-    }
+static PyObject *
+string_join(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *orig)
+{
+       char *sep = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+       const Py_ssize_t seplen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+       PyObject *res = NULL;
+       char *p;
+       Py_ssize_t seqlen = 0;
+       size_t sz = 0;
+       Py_ssize_t i;
+       PyObject *seq, *item;
+
+       seq = PySequence_Fast(orig, "");
+       if (seq == NULL) {
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       seqlen = PySequence_Size(seq);
+       if (seqlen == 0) {
+               Py_DECREF(seq);
+               return PyBytes_FromString("");
+       }
+       if (seqlen == 1) {
+               item = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(seq, 0);
+               if (PyBytes_CheckExact(item) || PyUnicode_CheckExact(item)) {
+                       Py_INCREF(item);
+                       Py_DECREF(seq);
+                       return item;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* There are at least two things to join, or else we have a subclass
+        * of the builtin types in the sequence.
+        * Do a pre-pass to figure out the total amount of space we'll
+        * need (sz), see whether any argument is absurd, and defer to
+        * the Unicode join if appropriate.
+        */
+       for (i = 0; i < seqlen; i++) {
+               const size_t old_sz = sz;
+               item = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(seq, i);
+               if (!PyBytes_Check(item)){
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+                       if (PyUnicode_Check(item)) {
+                               /* Defer to Unicode join.
+                                * CAUTION:  There's no gurantee that the
+                                * original sequence can be iterated over
+                                * again, so we must pass seq here.
+                                */
+                               PyObject *result;
+                               result = PyUnicode_Join((PyObject *)self, seq);
+                               Py_DECREF(seq);
+                               return result;
+                       }
+#endif
+                       PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                                    "sequence item %zd: expected string,"
+                                    " %.80s found",
+                                    i, Py_TYPE(item)->tp_name);
+                       Py_DECREF(seq);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+               sz += PyBytes_GET_SIZE(item);
+               if (i != 0)
+                       sz += seplen;
+               if (sz < old_sz || sz > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX) {
+                       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                               "join() result is too long for a Python string");
+                       Py_DECREF(seq);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* Allocate result space. */
+       res = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char*)NULL, sz);
+       if (res == NULL) {
+               Py_DECREF(seq);
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       /* Catenate everything. */
+       p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(res);
+       for (i = 0; i < seqlen; ++i) {
+               size_t n;
+               item = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(seq, i);
+               n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(item);
+               Py_MEMCPY(p, PyBytes_AS_STRING(item), n);
+               p += n;
+               if (i < seqlen - 1) {
+                       Py_MEMCPY(p, sep, seplen);
+                       p += seplen;
+               }
+       }
+
+       Py_DECREF(seq);
+       return res;
+}
 
-    res = cmp ? Py_True : Py_False;
-    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(self, &self_bytes);
-    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(other, &other_bytes);
-    Py_INCREF(res);
-    return res;
+PyObject *
+_PyBytes_Join(PyObject *sep, PyObject *x)
+{
+       assert(sep != NULL && PyBytes_Check(sep));
+       assert(x != NULL);
+       return string_join((PyBytesObject *)sep, x);
 }
 
-static void
-bytes_dealloc(PyByteArrayObject *self)
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(void)
+string_adjust_indices(Py_ssize_t *start, Py_ssize_t *end, Py_ssize_t len)
 {
-    if (self->ob_bytes != 0) {
-        PyMem_Free(self->ob_bytes);
-    }
-    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
+       if (*end > len)
+               *end = len;
+       else if (*end < 0)
+               *end += len;
+       if (*end < 0)
+               *end = 0;
+       if (*start < 0)
+               *start += len;
+       if (*start < 0)
+               *start = 0;
 }
 
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(Py_ssize_t)
+string_find_internal(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args, int dir)
+{
+       PyObject *subobj;
+       const char *sub;
+       Py_ssize_t sub_len;
+       Py_ssize_t start=0, end=PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
+       PyObject *obj_start=Py_None, *obj_end=Py_None;
+
+       if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|OO:find/rfind/index/rindex", &subobj,
+               &obj_start, &obj_end))
+               return -2;
+       /* To support None in "start" and "end" arguments, meaning
+          the same as if they were not passed.
+       */
+       if (obj_start != Py_None)
+               if (!_PyEval_SliceIndex(obj_start, &start))
+               return -2;
+       if (obj_end != Py_None)
+               if (!_PyEval_SliceIndex(obj_end, &end))
+               return -2;
+
+       if (PyBytes_Check(subobj)) {
+               sub = PyBytes_AS_STRING(subobj);
+               sub_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(subobj);
+       }
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+       else if (PyUnicode_Check(subobj))
+               return PyUnicode_Find(
+                       (PyObject *)self, subobj, start, end, dir);
+#endif
+       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(subobj, &sub, &sub_len))
+               /* XXX - the "expected a character buffer object" is pretty
+                  confusing for a non-expert.  remap to something else ? */
+               return -2;
+
+       if (dir > 0)
+               return stringlib_find_slice(
+                       PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self),
+                       sub, sub_len, start, end);
+       else
+               return stringlib_rfind_slice(
+                       PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self),
+                       sub, sub_len, start, end);
+}
 
-/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-/* Methods */
 
-#define STRINGLIB_CHAR char
-#define STRINGLIB_CMP memcmp
-#define STRINGLIB_LEN PyByteArray_GET_SIZE
-#define STRINGLIB_STR PyByteArray_AS_STRING
-#define STRINGLIB_NEW PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize
-#define STRINGLIB_EMPTY nullbytes
-#define STRINGLIB_CHECK_EXACT PyByteArray_CheckExact
-#define STRINGLIB_MUTABLE 1
+PyDoc_STRVAR(find__doc__,
+"S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
+\n\
+Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,\n\
+such that sub is contained within s[start:end].  Optional\n\
+arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.\n\
+\n\
+Return -1 on failure.");
 
-#include "stringlib/fastsearch.h"
-#include "stringlib/count.h"
-#include "stringlib/find.h"
-#include "stringlib/partition.h"
-#include "stringlib/ctype.h"
-#include "stringlib/transmogrify.h"
+static PyObject *
+string_find(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+       Py_ssize_t result = string_find_internal(self, args, +1);
+       if (result == -2)
+               return NULL;
+       return PyInt_FromSsize_t(result);
+}
 
 
-/* The following Py_LOCAL_INLINE and Py_LOCAL functions
-were copied from the old char* style string object. */
+PyDoc_STRVAR(index__doc__,
+"S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
+\n\
+Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.");
 
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(void)
-_adjust_indices(Py_ssize_t *start, Py_ssize_t *end, Py_ssize_t len)
+static PyObject *
+string_index(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    if (*end > len)
-        *end = len;
-    else if (*end < 0)
-        *end += len;
-    if (*end < 0)
-        *end = 0;
-    if (*start < 0)
-        *start += len;
-    if (*start < 0)
-        *start = 0;
+       Py_ssize_t result = string_find_internal(self, args, +1);
+       if (result == -2)
+               return NULL;
+       if (result == -1) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                               "substring not found");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       return PyInt_FromSsize_t(result);
 }
 
 
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(Py_ssize_t)
-bytes_find_internal(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args, int dir)
-{
-    PyObject *subobj;
-    Py_buffer subbuf;
-    Py_ssize_t start=0, end=PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
-    Py_ssize_t res;
-
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|O&O&:find/rfind/index/rindex", &subobj,
-        _PyEval_SliceIndex, &start, _PyEval_SliceIndex, &end))
-        return -2;
-    if (_getbuffer(subobj, &subbuf) < 0)
-        return -2;
-    if (dir > 0)
-        res = stringlib_find_slice(
-            PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self), PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self),
-            subbuf.buf, subbuf.len, start, end);
-    else
-        res = stringlib_rfind_slice(
-            PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self), PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self),
-            subbuf.buf, subbuf.len, start, end);
-    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &subbuf);
-    return res;
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(find__doc__,
-"B.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
+PyDoc_STRVAR(rfind__doc__,
+"S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
 \n\
-Return the lowest index in B where subsection sub is found,\n\
-such that sub is contained within s[start,end].  Optional\n\
+Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,\n\
+such that sub is contained within s[start:end].  Optional\n\
 arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.\n\
 \n\
 Return -1 on failure.");
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_find(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+string_rfind(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t result = bytes_find_internal(self, args, +1);
-    if (result == -2)
-        return NULL;
-    return PyInt_FromSsize_t(result);
+       Py_ssize_t result = string_find_internal(self, args, -1);
+       if (result == -2)
+               return NULL;
+       return PyInt_FromSsize_t(result);
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(count__doc__,
-"B.count(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(rindex__doc__,
+"S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
 \n\
-Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of subsection sub in\n\
-bytes B[start:end].  Optional arguments start and end are interpreted\n\
-as in slice notation.");
+Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.");
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_count(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+string_rindex(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    PyObject *sub_obj;
-    const char *str = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
-    Py_ssize_t start = 0, end = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
-    Py_buffer vsub;
-    PyObject *count_obj;
+       Py_ssize_t result = string_find_internal(self, args, -1);
+       if (result == -2)
+               return NULL;
+       if (result == -1) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                               "substring not found");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       return PyInt_FromSsize_t(result);
+}
 
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|O&O&:count", &sub_obj,
-        _PyEval_SliceIndex, &start, _PyEval_SliceIndex, &end))
-        return NULL;
 
-    if (_getbuffer(sub_obj, &vsub) < 0)
-        return NULL;
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
+do_xstrip(PyBytesObject *self, int striptype, PyObject *sepobj)
+{
+       char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+       Py_ssize_t len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+       char *sep = PyBytes_AS_STRING(sepobj);
+       Py_ssize_t seplen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(sepobj);
+       Py_ssize_t i, j;
+
+       i = 0;
+       if (striptype != RIGHTSTRIP) {
+               while (i < len && memchr(sep, Py_CHARMASK(s[i]), seplen)) {
+                       i++;
+               }
+       }
+
+       j = len;
+       if (striptype != LEFTSTRIP) {
+               do {
+                       j--;
+               } while (j >= i && memchr(sep, Py_CHARMASK(s[j]), seplen));
+               j++;
+       }
+
+       if (i == 0 && j == len && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
+               Py_INCREF(self);
+               return (PyObject*)self;
+       }
+       else
+               return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(s+i, j-i);
+}
 
-    _adjust_indices(&start, &end, PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self));
 
-    count_obj = PyInt_FromSsize_t(
-        stringlib_count(str + start, end - start, vsub.buf, vsub.len)
-        );
-    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(sub_obj, &vsub);
-    return count_obj;
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
+do_strip(PyBytesObject *self, int striptype)
+{
+       char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+       Py_ssize_t len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self), i, j;
+
+       i = 0;
+       if (striptype != RIGHTSTRIP) {
+               while (i < len && isspace(Py_CHARMASK(s[i]))) {
+                       i++;
+               }
+       }
+
+       j = len;
+       if (striptype != LEFTSTRIP) {
+               do {
+                       j--;
+               } while (j >= i && isspace(Py_CHARMASK(s[j])));
+               j++;
+       }
+
+       if (i == 0 && j == len && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
+               Py_INCREF(self);
+               return (PyObject*)self;
+       }
+       else
+               return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(s+i, j-i);
 }
 
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(index__doc__,
-"B.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
+do_argstrip(PyBytesObject *self, int striptype, PyObject *args)
+{
+       PyObject *sep = NULL;
+
+       if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, (char *)stripformat[striptype], &sep))
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (sep != NULL && sep != Py_None) {
+               if (PyBytes_Check(sep))
+                       return do_xstrip(self, striptype, sep);
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+               else if (PyUnicode_Check(sep)) {
+                       PyObject *uniself = PyUnicode_FromObject((PyObject *)self);
+                       PyObject *res;
+                       if (uniself==NULL)
+                               return NULL;
+                       res = _PyUnicode_XStrip((PyUnicodeObject *)uniself,
+                               striptype, sep);
+                       Py_DECREF(uniself);
+                       return res;
+               }
+#endif
+               PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+                            "%s arg must be None, str or unicode",
+#else
+                            "%s arg must be None or str",
+#endif
+                            STRIPNAME(striptype));
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       return do_strip(self, striptype);
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(strip__doc__,
+"S.strip([chars]) -> string or unicode\n\
 \n\
-Like B.find() but raise ValueError when the subsection is not found.");
+Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing\n\
+whitespace removed.\n\
+If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.\n\
+If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping");
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_index(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+string_strip(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t result = bytes_find_internal(self, args, +1);
-    if (result == -2)
-        return NULL;
-    if (result == -1) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                        "subsection not found");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    return PyInt_FromSsize_t(result);
+       if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) == 0)
+               return do_strip(self, BOTHSTRIP); /* Common case */
+       else
+               return do_argstrip(self, BOTHSTRIP, args);
 }
 
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(rfind__doc__,
-"B.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
-\n\
-Return the highest index in B where subsection sub is found,\n\
-such that sub is contained within s[start,end].  Optional\n\
-arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.\n\
+PyDoc_STRVAR(lstrip__doc__,
+"S.lstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode\n\
 \n\
-Return -1 on failure.");
+Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.\n\
+If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.\n\
+If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping");
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_rfind(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+string_lstrip(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t result = bytes_find_internal(self, args, -1);
-    if (result == -2)
-        return NULL;
-    return PyInt_FromSsize_t(result);
+       if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) == 0)
+               return do_strip(self, LEFTSTRIP); /* Common case */
+       else
+               return do_argstrip(self, LEFTSTRIP, args);
 }
 
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(rindex__doc__,
-"B.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
+PyDoc_STRVAR(rstrip__doc__,
+"S.rstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode\n\
 \n\
-Like B.rfind() but raise ValueError when the subsection is not found.");
+Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.\n\
+If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.\n\
+If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping");
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_rindex(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+string_rstrip(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t result = bytes_find_internal(self, args, -1);
-    if (result == -2)
-        return NULL;
-    if (result == -1) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                        "subsection not found");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    return PyInt_FromSsize_t(result);
+       if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) == 0)
+               return do_strip(self, RIGHTSTRIP); /* Common case */
+       else
+               return do_argstrip(self, RIGHTSTRIP, args);
 }
 
 
-static int
-bytes_contains(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t ival = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(arg, PyExc_ValueError);
-    if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-        Py_buffer varg;
-        int pos;
-        PyErr_Clear();
-        if (_getbuffer(arg, &varg) < 0)
-            return -1;
-        pos = stringlib_find(PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self), Py_SIZE(self),
-                             varg.buf, varg.len, 0);
-        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(arg, &varg);
-        return pos >= 0;
-    }
-    if (ival < 0 || ival >= 256) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "byte must be in range(0, 256)");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return memchr(PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self), ival, Py_SIZE(self)) != NULL;
-}
+PyDoc_STRVAR(lower__doc__,
+"S.lower() -> string\n\
+\n\
+Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.");
 
+/* _tolower and _toupper are defined by SUSv2, but they're not ISO C */
+#ifndef _tolower
+#define _tolower tolower
+#endif
 
-/* Matches the end (direction >= 0) or start (direction < 0) of self
- * against substr, using the start and end arguments. Returns
- * -1 on error, 0 if not found and 1 if found.
- */
-Py_LOCAL(int)
-_bytes_tailmatch(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *substr, Py_ssize_t start,
-                 Py_ssize_t end, int direction)
+static PyObject *
+string_lower(PyBytesObject *self)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
-    const char* str;
-    Py_buffer vsubstr;
-    int rv = 0;
+       char *s;
+       Py_ssize_t i, n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+       PyObject *newobj;
 
-    str = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
+       newobj = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, n);
+       if (!newobj)
+               return NULL;
 
-    if (_getbuffer(substr, &vsubstr) < 0)
-        return -1;
+       s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(newobj);
 
-    _adjust_indices(&start, &end, len);
+       Py_MEMCPY(s, PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), n);
 
-    if (direction < 0) {
-        /* startswith */
-        if (start+vsubstr.len > len) {
-            goto done;
-        }
-    } else {
-        /* endswith */
-        if (end-start < vsubstr.len || start > len) {
-            goto done;
-        }
+       for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+               int c = Py_CHARMASK(s[i]);
+               if (isupper(c))
+                       s[i] = _tolower(c);
+       }
 
-        if (end-vsubstr.len > start)
-            start = end - vsubstr.len;
-    }
-    if (end-start >= vsubstr.len)
-        rv = ! memcmp(str+start, vsubstr.buf, vsubstr.len);
-
-done:
-    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(substr, &vsubstr);
-    return rv;
+       return newobj;
 }
 
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(startswith__doc__,
-"B.startswith(prefix [,start [,end]]) -> bool\n\
+PyDoc_STRVAR(upper__doc__,
+"S.upper() -> string\n\
 \n\
-Return True if B starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.\n\
-With optional start, test B beginning at that position.\n\
-With optional end, stop comparing B at that position.\n\
-prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.");
+Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase.");
+
+#ifndef _toupper
+#define _toupper toupper
+#endif
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_startswith(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+string_upper(PyBytesObject *self)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t start = 0;
-    Py_ssize_t end = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
-    PyObject *subobj;
-    int result;
+       char *s;
+       Py_ssize_t i, n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+       PyObject *newobj;
 
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|O&O&:startswith", &subobj,
-        _PyEval_SliceIndex, &start, _PyEval_SliceIndex, &end))
-        return NULL;
-    if (PyTuple_Check(subobj)) {
-        Py_ssize_t i;
-        for (i = 0; i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(subobj); i++) {
-            result = _bytes_tailmatch(self,
-                                      PyTuple_GET_ITEM(subobj, i),
-                                      start, end, -1);
-            if (result == -1)
-                return NULL;
-            else if (result) {
-                Py_RETURN_TRUE;
-            }
-        }
-        Py_RETURN_FALSE;
-    }
-    result = _bytes_tailmatch(self, subobj, start, end, -1);
-    if (result == -1)
-        return NULL;
-    else
-        return PyBool_FromLong(result);
+       newobj = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, n);
+       if (!newobj)
+               return NULL;
+
+       s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(newobj);
+
+       Py_MEMCPY(s, PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), n);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+               int c = Py_CHARMASK(s[i]);
+               if (islower(c))
+                       s[i] = _toupper(c);
+       }
+
+       return newobj;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(endswith__doc__,
-"B.endswith(suffix [,start [,end]]) -> bool\n\
+PyDoc_STRVAR(title__doc__,
+"S.title() -> string\n\
 \n\
-Return True if B ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.\n\
-With optional start, test B beginning at that position.\n\
-With optional end, stop comparing B at that position.\n\
-suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.");
+Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with uppercase\n\
+characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.");
 
-static PyObject *
-bytes_endswith(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+static PyObject*
+string_title(PyBytesObject *self)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t start = 0;
-    Py_ssize_t end = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
-    PyObject *subobj;
-    int result;
+       char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), *s_new;
+       Py_ssize_t i, n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+       int previous_is_cased = 0;
+       PyObject *newobj;
+
+       newobj = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, n);
+       if (newobj == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+       s_new = PyBytes_AsString(newobj);
+       for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+               int c = Py_CHARMASK(*s++);
+               if (islower(c)) {
+                       if (!previous_is_cased)
+                           c = toupper(c);
+                       previous_is_cased = 1;
+               } else if (isupper(c)) {
+                       if (previous_is_cased)
+                           c = tolower(c);
+                       previous_is_cased = 1;
+               } else
+                       previous_is_cased = 0;
+               *s_new++ = c;
+       }
+       return newobj;
+}
 
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|O&O&:endswith", &subobj,
-        _PyEval_SliceIndex, &start, _PyEval_SliceIndex, &end))
-        return NULL;
-    if (PyTuple_Check(subobj)) {
-        Py_ssize_t i;
-        for (i = 0; i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(subobj); i++) {
-            result = _bytes_tailmatch(self,
-                                      PyTuple_GET_ITEM(subobj, i),
-                                      start, end, +1);
-            if (result == -1)
-                return NULL;
-            else if (result) {
-                Py_RETURN_TRUE;
-            }
-        }
-        Py_RETURN_FALSE;
-    }
-    result = _bytes_tailmatch(self, subobj, start, end, +1);
-    if (result == -1)
-        return NULL;
-    else
-        return PyBool_FromLong(result);
+PyDoc_STRVAR(capitalize__doc__,
+"S.capitalize() -> string\n\
+\n\
+Return a copy of the string S with only its first character\n\
+capitalized.");
+
+static PyObject *
+string_capitalize(PyBytesObject *self)
+{
+       char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), *s_new;
+       Py_ssize_t i, n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+       PyObject *newobj;
+
+       newobj = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, n);
+       if (newobj == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+       s_new = PyBytes_AsString(newobj);
+       if (0 < n) {
+               int c = Py_CHARMASK(*s++);
+               if (islower(c))
+                       *s_new = toupper(c);
+               else
+                       *s_new = c;
+               s_new++;
+       }
+       for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+               int c = Py_CHARMASK(*s++);
+               if (isupper(c))
+                       *s_new = tolower(c);
+               else
+                       *s_new = c;
+               s_new++;
+       }
+       return newobj;
 }
 
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(translate__doc__,
-"B.translate(table[, deletechars]) -> bytearray\n\
+PyDoc_STRVAR(count__doc__,
+"S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int\n\
 \n\
-Return a copy of B, where all characters occurring in the\n\
-optional argument deletechars are removed, and the remaining\n\
-characters have been mapped through the given translation\n\
-table, which must be a bytes object of length 256.");
+Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in\n\
+string S[start:end].  Optional arguments start and end are interpreted\n\
+as in slice notation.");
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_translate(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-    register char *input, *output;
-    register const char *table;
-    register Py_ssize_t i, c, changed = 0;
-    PyObject *input_obj = (PyObject*)self;
-    const char *output_start;
-    Py_ssize_t inlen;
-    PyObject *result;
-    int trans_table[256];
-    PyObject *tableobj, *delobj = NULL;
-    Py_buffer vtable, vdel;
-
-    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "translate", 1, 2,
-                           &tableobj, &delobj))
-          return NULL;
-
-    if (_getbuffer(tableobj, &vtable) < 0)
-        return NULL;
+string_count(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+       PyObject *sub_obj;
+       const char *str = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), *sub;
+       Py_ssize_t sub_len;
+       Py_ssize_t start = 0, end = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
+
+       if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|O&O&:count", &sub_obj,
+               _PyEval_SliceIndex, &start, _PyEval_SliceIndex, &end))
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (PyBytes_Check(sub_obj)) {
+               sub = PyBytes_AS_STRING(sub_obj);
+               sub_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(sub_obj);
+       }
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+       else if (PyUnicode_Check(sub_obj)) {
+               Py_ssize_t count;
+               count = PyUnicode_Count((PyObject *)self, sub_obj, start, end);
+               if (count == -1)
+                       return NULL;
+               else
+                       return PyInt_FromSsize_t(count);
+       }
+#endif
+       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(sub_obj, &sub, &sub_len))
+               return NULL;
 
-    if (vtable.len != 256) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                        "translation table must be 256 characters long");
-        result = NULL;
-        goto done;
-    }
+       string_adjust_indices(&start, &end, PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self));
 
-    if (delobj != NULL) {
-        if (_getbuffer(delobj, &vdel) < 0) {
-            result = NULL;
-            goto done;
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        vdel.buf = NULL;
-        vdel.len = 0;
-    }
+       return PyInt_FromSsize_t(
+               stringlib_count(str + start, end - start, sub, sub_len)
+               );
+}
 
-    table = (const char *)vtable.buf;
-    inlen = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(input_obj);
-    result = PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, inlen);
-    if (result == NULL)
-        goto done;
-    output_start = output = PyByteArray_AsString(result);
-    input = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(input_obj);
-
-    if (vdel.len == 0) {
-        /* If no deletions are required, use faster code */
-        for (i = inlen; --i >= 0; ) {
-            c = Py_CHARMASK(*input++);
-            if (Py_CHARMASK((*output++ = table[c])) != c)
-                changed = 1;
-        }
-        if (changed || !PyByteArray_CheckExact(input_obj))
-            goto done;
-        Py_DECREF(result);
-        Py_INCREF(input_obj);
-        result = input_obj;
-        goto done;
-    }
+PyDoc_STRVAR(swapcase__doc__,
+"S.swapcase() -> string\n\
+\n\
+Return a copy of the string S with uppercase characters\n\
+converted to lowercase and vice versa.");
 
-    for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
-        trans_table[i] = Py_CHARMASK(table[i]);
+static PyObject *
+string_swapcase(PyBytesObject *self)
+{
+       char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), *s_new;
+       Py_ssize_t i, n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+       PyObject *newobj;
+
+       newobj = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, n);
+       if (newobj == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+       s_new = PyBytes_AsString(newobj);
+       for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+               int c = Py_CHARMASK(*s++);
+               if (islower(c)) {
+                       *s_new = toupper(c);
+               }
+               else if (isupper(c)) {
+                       *s_new = tolower(c);
+               }
+               else
+                       *s_new = c;
+               s_new++;
+       }
+       return newobj;
+}
 
-    for (i = 0; i < vdel.len; i++)
-        trans_table[(int) Py_CHARMASK( ((unsigned char*)vdel.buf)[i] )] = -1;
 
-    for (i = inlen; --i >= 0; ) {
-        c = Py_CHARMASK(*input++);
-        if (trans_table[c] != -1)
-            if (Py_CHARMASK(*output++ = (char)trans_table[c]) == c)
-                    continue;
-        changed = 1;
-    }
-    if (!changed && PyByteArray_CheckExact(input_obj)) {
-        Py_DECREF(result);
-        Py_INCREF(input_obj);
-        result = input_obj;
-        goto done;
-    }
-    /* Fix the size of the resulting string */
-    if (inlen > 0)
-        PyByteArray_Resize(result, output - output_start);
+PyDoc_STRVAR(translate__doc__,
+"S.translate(table [,deletechars]) -> string\n\
+\n\
+Return a copy of the string S, where all characters occurring\n\
+in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the\n\
+remaining characters have been mapped through the given\n\
+translation table, which must be a string of length 256.");
 
-done:
-    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(tableobj, &vtable);
-    if (delobj != NULL)
-        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(delobj, &vdel);
-    return result;
+static PyObject *
+string_translate(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+       register char *input, *output;
+       const char *table;
+       register Py_ssize_t i, c, changed = 0;
+       PyObject *input_obj = (PyObject*)self;
+       const char *output_start, *del_table=NULL;
+       Py_ssize_t inlen, tablen, dellen = 0;
+       PyObject *result;
+       int trans_table[256];
+       PyObject *tableobj, *delobj = NULL;
+
+       if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "translate", 1, 2,
+                             &tableobj, &delobj))
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (PyBytes_Check(tableobj)) {
+               table = PyBytes_AS_STRING(tableobj);
+               tablen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(tableobj);
+       }
+       else if (tableobj == Py_None) {
+               table = NULL;
+               tablen = 256;
+       }
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+       else if (PyUnicode_Check(tableobj)) {
+               /* Unicode .translate() does not support the deletechars
+                  parameter; instead a mapping to None will cause characters
+                  to be deleted. */
+               if (delobj != NULL) {
+                       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                       "deletions are implemented differently for unicode");
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+               return PyUnicode_Translate((PyObject *)self, tableobj, NULL);
+       }
+#endif
+       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(tableobj, &table, &tablen))
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (tablen != 256) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                 "translation table must be 256 characters long");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       if (delobj != NULL) {
+               if (PyBytes_Check(delobj)) {
+                       del_table = PyBytes_AS_STRING(delobj);
+                       dellen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(delobj);
+               }
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+               else if (PyUnicode_Check(delobj)) {
+                       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                       "deletions are implemented differently for unicode");
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+#endif
+               else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(delobj, &del_table, &dellen))
+                       return NULL;
+       }
+       else {
+               del_table = NULL;
+               dellen = 0;
+       }
+
+       inlen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(input_obj);
+       result = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, inlen);
+       if (result == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+       output_start = output = PyBytes_AsString(result);
+       input = PyBytes_AS_STRING(input_obj);
+
+       if (dellen == 0 && table != NULL) {
+               /* If no deletions are required, use faster code */
+               for (i = inlen; --i >= 0; ) {
+                       c = Py_CHARMASK(*input++);
+                       if (Py_CHARMASK((*output++ = table[c])) != c)
+                               changed = 1;
+               }
+               if (changed || !PyBytes_CheckExact(input_obj))
+                       return result;
+               Py_DECREF(result);
+               Py_INCREF(input_obj);
+               return input_obj;
+       }
+
+       if (table == NULL) {
+               for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+                       trans_table[i] = Py_CHARMASK(i);
+       } else {
+               for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+                       trans_table[i] = Py_CHARMASK(table[i]);
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0; i < dellen; i++)
+               trans_table[(int) Py_CHARMASK(del_table[i])] = -1;
+
+       for (i = inlen; --i >= 0; ) {
+               c = Py_CHARMASK(*input++);
+               if (trans_table[c] != -1)
+                       if (Py_CHARMASK(*output++ = (char)trans_table[c]) == c)
+                               continue;
+               changed = 1;
+       }
+       if (!changed && PyBytes_CheckExact(input_obj)) {
+               Py_DECREF(result);
+               Py_INCREF(input_obj);
+               return input_obj;
+       }
+       /* Fix the size of the resulting string */
+       if (inlen > 0)
+               _PyBytes_Resize(&result, output - output_start);
+       return result;
 }
 
 
@@ -1518,1862 +2541,2636 @@ done:
 
 /* find and count characters and substrings */
 
-#define findchar(target, target_len, c)                         \
+#define findchar(target, target_len, c)                                \
   ((char *)memchr((const void *)(target), c, target_len))
 
-/* Don't call if length < 2 */
-#define Py_STRING_MATCH(target, offset, pattern, length)        \
-  (target[offset] == pattern[0] &&                              \
-   target[offset+length-1] == pattern[length-1] &&              \
-   !memcmp(target+offset+1, pattern+1, length-2) )
-
-
-/* Bytes ops must return a string.  */
-/* If the object is subclass of bytes, create a copy */
-Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
-return_self(PyByteArrayObject *self)
+/* String ops must return a string.  */
+/* If the object is subclass of string, create a copy */
+Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
+return_self(PyBytesObject *self)
 {
-    if (PyByteArray_CheckExact(self)) {
-        Py_INCREF(self);
-        return (PyByteArrayObject *)self;
-    }
-    return (PyByteArrayObject *)PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(
-            PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self),
-            PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self));
+       if (PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
+               Py_INCREF(self);
+               return self;
+       }
+       return (PyBytesObject *)PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(
+               PyBytes_AS_STRING(self),
+               PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self));
 }
 
 Py_LOCAL_INLINE(Py_ssize_t)
-countchar(const char *target, Py_ssize_t target_len, char c, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+countchar(const char *target, int target_len, char c, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t count=0;
-    const char *start=target;
-    const char *end=target+target_len;
-
-    while ( (start=findchar(start, end-start, c)) != NULL ) {
-        count++;
-        if (count >= maxcount)
-            break;
-        start += 1;
-    }
-    return count;
+       Py_ssize_t count=0;
+       const char *start=target;
+       const char *end=target+target_len;
+
+       while ( (start=findchar(start, end-start, c)) != NULL ) {
+               count++;
+               if (count >= maxcount)
+                       break;
+               start += 1;
+       }
+       return count;
 }
 
 Py_LOCAL(Py_ssize_t)
 findstring(const char *target, Py_ssize_t target_len,
-           const char *pattern, Py_ssize_t pattern_len,
-           Py_ssize_t start,
-           Py_ssize_t end,
-           int direction)
-{
-    if (start < 0) {
-        start += target_len;
-        if (start < 0)
-            start = 0;
-    }
-    if (end > target_len) {
-        end = target_len;
-    } else if (end < 0) {
-        end += target_len;
-        if (end < 0)
-            end = 0;
-    }
-
-    /* zero-length substrings always match at the first attempt */
-    if (pattern_len == 0)
-        return (direction > 0) ? start : end;
-
-    end -= pattern_len;
-
-    if (direction < 0) {
-        for (; end >= start; end--)
-            if (Py_STRING_MATCH(target, end, pattern, pattern_len))
-                return end;
-    } else {
-        for (; start <= end; start++)
-            if (Py_STRING_MATCH(target, start, pattern, pattern_len))
-                return start;
-    }
-    return -1;
+          const char *pattern, Py_ssize_t pattern_len,
+          Py_ssize_t start,
+          Py_ssize_t end,
+          int direction)
+{
+       if (start < 0) {
+               start += target_len;
+               if (start < 0)
+                       start = 0;
+       }
+       if (end > target_len) {
+               end = target_len;
+       } else if (end < 0) {
+               end += target_len;
+               if (end < 0)
+                       end = 0;
+       }
+
+       /* zero-length substrings always match at the first attempt */
+       if (pattern_len == 0)
+               return (direction > 0) ? start : end;
+
+       end -= pattern_len;
+
+       if (direction < 0) {
+               for (; end >= start; end--)
+                       if (Py_STRING_MATCH(target, end, pattern, pattern_len))
+                               return end;
+       } else {
+               for (; start <= end; start++)
+                       if (Py_STRING_MATCH(target, start, pattern, pattern_len))
+                               return start;
+       }
+       return -1;
 }
 
 Py_LOCAL_INLINE(Py_ssize_t)
 countstring(const char *target, Py_ssize_t target_len,
-            const char *pattern, Py_ssize_t pattern_len,
-            Py_ssize_t start,
-            Py_ssize_t end,
-            int direction, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+           const char *pattern, Py_ssize_t pattern_len,
+           Py_ssize_t start,
+           Py_ssize_t end,
+           int direction, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t count=0;
-
-    if (start < 0) {
-        start += target_len;
-        if (start < 0)
-            start = 0;
-    }
-    if (end > target_len) {
-        end = target_len;
-    } else if (end < 0) {
-        end += target_len;
-        if (end < 0)
-            end = 0;
-    }
-
-    /* zero-length substrings match everywhere */
-    if (pattern_len == 0 || maxcount == 0) {
-        if (target_len+1 < maxcount)
-            return target_len+1;
-        return maxcount;
-    }
-
-    end -= pattern_len;
-    if (direction < 0) {
-        for (; (end >= start); end--)
-            if (Py_STRING_MATCH(target, end, pattern, pattern_len)) {
-                count++;
-                if (--maxcount <= 0) break;
-                end -= pattern_len-1;
-            }
-    } else {
-        for (; (start <= end); start++)
-            if (Py_STRING_MATCH(target, start, pattern, pattern_len)) {
-                count++;
-                if (--maxcount <= 0)
-                    break;
-                start += pattern_len-1;
-            }
-    }
-    return count;
+       Py_ssize_t count=0;
+
+       if (start < 0) {
+               start += target_len;
+               if (start < 0)
+                       start = 0;
+       }
+       if (end > target_len) {
+               end = target_len;
+       } else if (end < 0) {
+               end += target_len;
+               if (end < 0)
+                       end = 0;
+       }
+
+       /* zero-length substrings match everywhere */
+       if (pattern_len == 0 || maxcount == 0) {
+               if (target_len+1 < maxcount)
+                       return target_len+1;
+               return maxcount;
+       }
+
+       end -= pattern_len;
+       if (direction < 0) {
+               for (; (end >= start); end--)
+                       if (Py_STRING_MATCH(target, end, pattern, pattern_len)) {
+                               count++;
+                               if (--maxcount <= 0) break;
+                               end -= pattern_len-1;
+                       }
+       } else {
+               for (; (start <= end); start++)
+                       if (Py_STRING_MATCH(target, start, pattern, pattern_len)) {
+                               count++;
+                               if (--maxcount <= 0)
+                                       break;
+                               start += pattern_len-1;
+                       }
+       }
+       return count;
 }
 
 
 /* Algorithms for different cases of string replacement */
 
 /* len(self)>=1, from="", len(to)>=1, maxcount>=1 */
-Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
-replace_interleave(PyByteArrayObject *self,
-                   const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
-                   Py_ssize_t maxcount)
-{
-    char *self_s, *result_s;
-    Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
-    Py_ssize_t count, i, product;
-    PyByteArrayObject *result;
-
-    self_len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
-
-    /* 1 at the end plus 1 after every character */
-    count = self_len+1;
-    if (maxcount < count)
-        count = maxcount;
-
-    /* Check for overflow */
-    /*   result_len = count * to_len + self_len; */
-    product = count * to_len;
-    if (product / to_len != count) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-                        "replace string is too long");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    result_len = product + self_len;
-    if (result_len < 0) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-                        "replace string is too long");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    if (! (result = (PyByteArrayObject *)
-                     PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) )
-        return NULL;
-
-    self_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
-    result_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(result);
-
-    /* TODO: special case single character, which doesn't need memcpy */
-
-    /* Lay the first one down (guaranteed this will occur) */
-    Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
-    result_s += to_len;
-    count -= 1;
-
-    for (i=0; i<count; i++) {
-        *result_s++ = *self_s++;
-        Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
-        result_s += to_len;
-    }
-
-    /* Copy the rest of the original string */
-    Py_MEMCPY(result_s, self_s, self_len-i);
-
-    return result;
+Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
+replace_interleave(PyBytesObject *self,
+                  const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
+                  Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+       char *self_s, *result_s;
+       Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
+       Py_ssize_t count, i, product;
+       PyBytesObject *result;
+
+       self_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+
+       /* 1 at the end plus 1 after every character */
+       count = self_len+1;
+       if (maxcount < count) 
+               count = maxcount;
+
+       /* Check for overflow */
+       /*   result_len = count * to_len + self_len; */
+       product = count * to_len;
+       if (product / to_len != count) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                               "replace string is too long");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       result_len = product + self_len;
+       if (result_len < 0) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                               "replace string is too long");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+  
+       if (! (result = (PyBytesObject *)
+                        PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) )
+               return NULL;
+
+       self_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+       result_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
+
+       /* TODO: special case single character, which doesn't need memcpy */
+
+       /* Lay the first one down (guaranteed this will occur) */
+       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
+       result_s += to_len;
+       count -= 1;
+  
+       for (i=0; i<count; i++) {
+               *result_s++ = *self_s++;
+               Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
+               result_s += to_len;
+       }
+
+       /* Copy the rest of the original string */
+       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, self_s, self_len-i);
+
+       return result;
 }
 
 /* Special case for deleting a single character */
 /* len(self)>=1, len(from)==1, to="", maxcount>=1 */
-Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
-replace_delete_single_character(PyByteArrayObject *self,
-                                char from_c, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
-{
-    char *self_s, *result_s;
-    char *start, *next, *end;
-    Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
-    Py_ssize_t count;
-    PyByteArrayObject *result;
-
-    self_len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
-    self_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
-
-    count = countchar(self_s, self_len, from_c, maxcount);
-    if (count == 0) {
-        return return_self(self);
-    }
-
-    result_len = self_len - count;  /* from_len == 1 */
-    assert(result_len>=0);
-
-    if ( (result = (PyByteArrayObject *)
-                    PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-    result_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(result);
-
-    start = self_s;
-    end = self_s + self_len;
-    while (count-- > 0) {
-        next = findchar(start, end-start, from_c);
-        if (next == NULL)
-            break;
-        Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, next-start);
-        result_s += (next-start);
-        start = next+1;
-    }
-    Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, end-start);
-
-    return result;
+Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
+replace_delete_single_character(PyBytesObject *self,
+                               char from_c, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+       char *self_s, *result_s;
+       char *start, *next, *end;
+       Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
+       Py_ssize_t count;
+       PyBytesObject *result;
+
+       self_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+       self_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+
+       count = countchar(self_s, self_len, from_c, maxcount);
+       if (count == 0) {
+               return return_self(self);
+       }
+  
+       result_len = self_len - count;  /* from_len == 1 */
+       assert(result_len>=0);
+
+       if ( (result = (PyBytesObject *)
+                       PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+       result_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
+
+       start = self_s;
+       end = self_s + self_len;
+       while (count-- > 0) {
+               next = findchar(start, end-start, from_c);
+               if (next == NULL)
+                       break;
+               Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, next-start);
+               result_s += (next-start);
+               start = next+1;
+       }
+       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, end-start);
+
+       return result;
 }
 
 /* len(self)>=1, len(from)>=2, to="", maxcount>=1 */
 
-Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
-replace_delete_substring(PyByteArrayObject *self,
-                         const char *from_s, Py_ssize_t from_len,
-                         Py_ssize_t maxcount)
-{
-    char *self_s, *result_s;
-    char *start, *next, *end;
-    Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
-    Py_ssize_t count, offset;
-    PyByteArrayObject *result;
-
-    self_len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
-    self_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
-
-    count = countstring(self_s, self_len,
-                        from_s, from_len,
-                        0, self_len, 1,
-                        maxcount);
-
-    if (count == 0) {
-        /* no matches */
-        return return_self(self);
-    }
-
-    result_len = self_len - (count * from_len);
-    assert (result_len>=0);
-
-    if ( (result = (PyByteArrayObject *)
-        PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) == NULL )
-            return NULL;
-
-    result_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(result);
-
-    start = self_s;
-    end = self_s + self_len;
-    while (count-- > 0) {
-        offset = findstring(start, end-start,
-                            from_s, from_len,
-                            0, end-start, FORWARD);
-        if (offset == -1)
-            break;
-        next = start + offset;
-
-        Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, next-start);
-
-        result_s += (next-start);
-        start = next+from_len;
-    }
-    Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, end-start);
-    return result;
+Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
+replace_delete_substring(PyBytesObject *self,
+                        const char *from_s, Py_ssize_t from_len,
+                        Py_ssize_t maxcount) {
+       char *self_s, *result_s;
+       char *start, *next, *end;
+       Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
+       Py_ssize_t count, offset;
+       PyBytesObject *result;
+
+       self_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+       self_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+
+       count = countstring(self_s, self_len,
+                           from_s, from_len,
+                           0, self_len, 1,
+                           maxcount);
+
+       if (count == 0) {
+               /* no matches */
+               return return_self(self);
+       }
+
+       result_len = self_len - (count * from_len);
+       assert (result_len>=0);
+
+       if ( (result = (PyBytesObject *)
+             PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) == NULL )
+               return NULL;
+
+       result_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
+
+       start = self_s;
+       end = self_s + self_len;
+       while (count-- > 0) {
+               offset = findstring(start, end-start,
+                                   from_s, from_len,
+                                   0, end-start, FORWARD);
+               if (offset == -1)
+                       break;
+               next = start + offset;
+
+               Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, next-start);
+
+               result_s += (next-start);
+               start = next+from_len;
+       }
+       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, end-start);
+       return result;
 }
 
 /* len(self)>=1, len(from)==len(to)==1, maxcount>=1 */
-Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
-replace_single_character_in_place(PyByteArrayObject *self,
-                                  char from_c, char to_c,
-                                  Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
+replace_single_character_in_place(PyBytesObject *self,
+                                 char from_c, char to_c,
+                                 Py_ssize_t maxcount)
 {
-        char *self_s, *result_s, *start, *end, *next;
-        Py_ssize_t self_len;
-        PyByteArrayObject *result;
-
-        /* The result string will be the same size */
-        self_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
-        self_len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
-
-        next = findchar(self_s, self_len, from_c);
-
-        if (next == NULL) {
-                /* No matches; return the original bytes */
-                return return_self(self);
-        }
-
-        /* Need to make a new bytes */
-        result = (PyByteArrayObject *) PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, self_len);
-        if (result == NULL)
-                return NULL;
-        result_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(result);
-        Py_MEMCPY(result_s, self_s, self_len);
-
-        /* change everything in-place, starting with this one */
-        start =  result_s + (next-self_s);
-        *start = to_c;
-        start++;
-        end = result_s + self_len;
-
-        while (--maxcount > 0) {
-                next = findchar(start, end-start, from_c);
-                if (next == NULL)
-                        break;
-                *next = to_c;
-                start = next+1;
-        }
-
-        return result;
+       char *self_s, *result_s, *start, *end, *next;
+       Py_ssize_t self_len;
+       PyBytesObject *result;
+
+       /* The result string will be the same size */
+       self_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+       self_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+
+       next = findchar(self_s, self_len, from_c);
+
+       if (next == NULL) {
+               /* No matches; return the original string */
+               return return_self(self);
+       }
+
+       /* Need to make a new string */
+       result = (PyBytesObject *) PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, self_len);
+       if (result == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+       result_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
+       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, self_s, self_len);
+
+       /* change everything in-place, starting with this one */
+       start =  result_s + (next-self_s);
+       *start = to_c;
+       start++;
+       end = result_s + self_len;
+
+       while (--maxcount > 0) {
+               next = findchar(start, end-start, from_c);
+               if (next == NULL)
+                       break;
+               *next = to_c;
+               start = next+1;
+       }
+
+       return result;
 }
 
 /* len(self)>=1, len(from)==len(to)>=2, maxcount>=1 */
-Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
-replace_substring_in_place(PyByteArrayObject *self,
-                           const char *from_s, Py_ssize_t from_len,
-                           const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
-                           Py_ssize_t maxcount)
-{
-    char *result_s, *start, *end;
-    char *self_s;
-    Py_ssize_t self_len, offset;
-    PyByteArrayObject *result;
-
-    /* The result bytes will be the same size */
-
-    self_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
-    self_len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
-
-    offset = findstring(self_s, self_len,
-                        from_s, from_len,
-                        0, self_len, FORWARD);
-    if (offset == -1) {
-        /* No matches; return the original bytes */
-        return return_self(self);
-    }
-
-    /* Need to make a new bytes */
-    result = (PyByteArrayObject *) PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, self_len);
-    if (result == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-    result_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(result);
-    Py_MEMCPY(result_s, self_s, self_len);
-
-    /* change everything in-place, starting with this one */
-    start =  result_s + offset;
-    Py_MEMCPY(start, to_s, from_len);
-    start += from_len;
-    end = result_s + self_len;
-
-    while ( --maxcount > 0) {
-        offset = findstring(start, end-start,
-                            from_s, from_len,
-                            0, end-start, FORWARD);
-        if (offset==-1)
-            break;
-        Py_MEMCPY(start+offset, to_s, from_len);
-        start += offset+from_len;
-    }
-
-    return result;
+Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
+replace_substring_in_place(PyBytesObject *self,
+                          const char *from_s, Py_ssize_t from_len,
+                          const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
+                          Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+       char *result_s, *start, *end;
+       char *self_s;
+       Py_ssize_t self_len, offset;
+       PyBytesObject *result;
+
+       /* The result string will be the same size */
+
+       self_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+       self_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+
+       offset = findstring(self_s, self_len,
+                           from_s, from_len,
+                           0, self_len, FORWARD);
+       if (offset == -1) {
+               /* No matches; return the original string */
+               return return_self(self);
+       }
+
+       /* Need to make a new string */
+       result = (PyBytesObject *) PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, self_len);
+       if (result == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+       result_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
+       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, self_s, self_len);
+
+       /* change everything in-place, starting with this one */
+       start =  result_s + offset;
+       Py_MEMCPY(start, to_s, from_len);
+       start += from_len;
+       end = result_s + self_len;
+
+       while ( --maxcount > 0) {
+               offset = findstring(start, end-start,
+                                   from_s, from_len,
+                                   0, end-start, FORWARD);
+               if (offset==-1)
+                       break;
+               Py_MEMCPY(start+offset, to_s, from_len);
+               start += offset+from_len;
+       }
+
+       return result;
 }
 
 /* len(self)>=1, len(from)==1, len(to)>=2, maxcount>=1 */
-Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
-replace_single_character(PyByteArrayObject *self,
-                         char from_c,
-                         const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
-                         Py_ssize_t maxcount)
-{
-    char *self_s, *result_s;
-    char *start, *next, *end;
-    Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
-    Py_ssize_t count, product;
-    PyByteArrayObject *result;
-
-    self_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
-    self_len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
-
-    count = countchar(self_s, self_len, from_c, maxcount);
-    if (count == 0) {
-        /* no matches, return unchanged */
-        return return_self(self);
-    }
-
-    /* use the difference between current and new, hence the "-1" */
-    /*   result_len = self_len + count * (to_len-1)  */
-    product = count * (to_len-1);
-    if (product / (to_len-1) != count) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "replace bytes is too long");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    result_len = self_len + product;
-    if (result_len < 0) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "replace bytes is too long");
-            return NULL;
-    }
-
-    if ( (result = (PyByteArrayObject *)
-          PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) == NULL)
-            return NULL;
-    result_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(result);
-
-    start = self_s;
-    end = self_s + self_len;
-    while (count-- > 0) {
-        next = findchar(start, end-start, from_c);
-        if (next == NULL)
-            break;
-
-        if (next == start) {
-            /* replace with the 'to' */
-            Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
-            result_s += to_len;
-            start += 1;
-        } else {
-            /* copy the unchanged old then the 'to' */
-            Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, next-start);
-            result_s += (next-start);
-            Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
-            result_s += to_len;
-            start = next+1;
-        }
-    }
-    /* Copy the remainder of the remaining bytes */
-    Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, end-start);
-
-    return result;
+Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
+replace_single_character(PyBytesObject *self,
+                        char from_c,
+                        const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
+                        Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+{
+       char *self_s, *result_s;
+       char *start, *next, *end;
+       Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
+       Py_ssize_t count, product;
+       PyBytesObject *result;
+
+       self_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+       self_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+
+       count = countchar(self_s, self_len, from_c, maxcount);
+       if (count == 0) {
+               /* no matches, return unchanged */
+               return return_self(self);
+       }
+
+       /* use the difference between current and new, hence the "-1" */
+       /*   result_len = self_len + count * (to_len-1)  */
+       product = count * (to_len-1);
+       if (product / (to_len-1) != count) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "replace string is too long");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       result_len = self_len + product;
+       if (result_len < 0) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "replace string is too long");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       if ( (result = (PyBytesObject *)
+             PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+       result_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
+
+       start = self_s;
+       end = self_s + self_len;
+       while (count-- > 0) {
+               next = findchar(start, end-start, from_c);
+               if (next == NULL) 
+                       break;
+
+               if (next == start) {
+                       /* replace with the 'to' */
+                       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
+                       result_s += to_len;
+                       start += 1;
+               } else {
+                       /* copy the unchanged old then the 'to' */
+                       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, next-start);
+                       result_s += (next-start);
+                       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
+                       result_s += to_len;
+                       start = next+1;
+               }
+       }
+       /* Copy the remainder of the remaining string */
+       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, end-start);
+
+       return result;
 }
 
 /* len(self)>=1, len(from)>=2, len(to)>=2, maxcount>=1 */
-Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
-replace_substring(PyByteArrayObject *self,
-                  const char *from_s, Py_ssize_t from_len,
-                  const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
-                  Py_ssize_t maxcount)
-{
-    char *self_s, *result_s;
-    char *start, *next, *end;
-    Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
-    Py_ssize_t count, offset, product;
-    PyByteArrayObject *result;
-
-    self_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self);
-    self_len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self);
-
-    count = countstring(self_s, self_len,
-                        from_s, from_len,
-                        0, self_len, FORWARD, maxcount);
-    if (count == 0) {
-        /* no matches, return unchanged */
-        return return_self(self);
-    }
-
-    /* Check for overflow */
-    /*    result_len = self_len + count * (to_len-from_len) */
-    product = count * (to_len-from_len);
-    if (product / (to_len-from_len) != count) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "replace bytes is too long");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    result_len = self_len + product;
-    if (result_len < 0) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "replace bytes is too long");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    if ( (result = (PyByteArrayObject *)
-          PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-    result_s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(result);
-
-    start = self_s;
-    end = self_s + self_len;
-    while (count-- > 0) {
-        offset = findstring(start, end-start,
-                            from_s, from_len,
-                            0, end-start, FORWARD);
-        if (offset == -1)
-            break;
-        next = start+offset;
-        if (next == start) {
-            /* replace with the 'to' */
-            Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
-            result_s += to_len;
-            start += from_len;
-        } else {
-            /* copy the unchanged old then the 'to' */
-            Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, next-start);
-            result_s += (next-start);
-            Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
-            result_s += to_len;
-            start = next+from_len;
-        }
-    }
-    /* Copy the remainder of the remaining bytes */
-    Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, end-start);
-
-    return result;
+Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
+replace_substring(PyBytesObject *self,
+                 const char *from_s, Py_ssize_t from_len,
+                 const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
+                 Py_ssize_t maxcount) {
+       char *self_s, *result_s;
+       char *start, *next, *end;
+       Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
+       Py_ssize_t count, offset, product;
+       PyBytesObject *result;
+
+       self_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+       self_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+
+       count = countstring(self_s, self_len,
+                           from_s, from_len,
+                           0, self_len, FORWARD, maxcount);
+       if (count == 0) {
+               /* no matches, return unchanged */
+               return return_self(self);
+       }
+
+       /* Check for overflow */
+       /*    result_len = self_len + count * (to_len-from_len) */
+       product = count * (to_len-from_len);
+       if (product / (to_len-from_len) != count) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "replace string is too long");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       result_len = self_len + product;
+       if (result_len < 0) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "replace string is too long");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       if ( (result = (PyBytesObject *)
+             PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+       result_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
+
+       start = self_s;
+       end = self_s + self_len;
+       while (count-- > 0) {
+               offset = findstring(start, end-start,
+                                   from_s, from_len,
+                                   0, end-start, FORWARD);
+               if (offset == -1)
+                       break;
+               next = start+offset;
+               if (next == start) {
+                       /* replace with the 'to' */
+                       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
+                       result_s += to_len;
+                       start += from_len;
+               } else {
+                       /* copy the unchanged old then the 'to' */
+                       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, next-start);
+                       result_s += (next-start);
+                       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
+                       result_s += to_len;
+                       start = next+from_len;
+               }
+       }
+       /* Copy the remainder of the remaining string */
+       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, end-start);
+
+       return result;
 }
 
 
-Py_LOCAL(PyByteArrayObject *)
-replace(PyByteArrayObject *self,
-        const char *from_s, Py_ssize_t from_len,
-        const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
-        Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
+replace(PyBytesObject *self,
+       const char *from_s, Py_ssize_t from_len,
+       const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
+       Py_ssize_t maxcount)
 {
-    if (maxcount < 0) {
-        maxcount = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
-    } else if (maxcount == 0 || PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self) == 0) {
-        /* nothing to do; return the original bytes */
-        return return_self(self);
-    }
-
-    if (maxcount == 0 ||
-        (from_len == 0 && to_len == 0)) {
-        /* nothing to do; return the original bytes */
-        return return_self(self);
-    }
-
-    /* Handle zero-length special cases */
-
-    if (from_len == 0) {
-        /* insert the 'to' bytes everywhere.   */
-        /*    >>> "Python".replace("", ".")     */
-        /*    '.P.y.t.h.o.n.'                   */
-        return replace_interleave(self, to_s, to_len, maxcount);
-    }
-
-    /* Except for "".replace("", "A") == "A" there is no way beyond this */
-    /* point for an empty self bytes to generate a non-empty bytes */
-    /* Special case so the remaining code always gets a non-empty bytes */
-    if (PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self) == 0) {
-        return return_self(self);
-    }
-
-    if (to_len == 0) {
-        /* delete all occurances of 'from' bytes */
-        if (from_len == 1) {
-            return replace_delete_single_character(
-                    self, from_s[0], maxcount);
-        } else {
-            return replace_delete_substring(self, from_s, from_len, maxcount);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* Handle special case where both bytes have the same length */
-
-    if (from_len == to_len) {
-        if (from_len == 1) {
-            return replace_single_character_in_place(
-                    self,
-                    from_s[0],
-                    to_s[0],
-                    maxcount);
-        } else {
-            return replace_substring_in_place(
-                self, from_s, from_len, to_s, to_len, maxcount);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* Otherwise use the more generic algorithms */
-    if (from_len == 1) {
-        return replace_single_character(self, from_s[0],
-                                        to_s, to_len, maxcount);
-    } else {
-        /* len('from')>=2, len('to')>=1 */
-        return replace_substring(self, from_s, from_len, to_s, to_len, maxcount);
-    }
+       if (maxcount < 0) {
+               maxcount = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
+       } else if (maxcount == 0 || PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0) {
+               /* nothing to do; return the original string */
+               return return_self(self);
+       }
+
+       if (maxcount == 0 ||
+           (from_len == 0 && to_len == 0)) {
+               /* nothing to do; return the original string */
+               return return_self(self);
+       }
+
+       /* Handle zero-length special cases */
+
+       if (from_len == 0) {
+               /* insert the 'to' string everywhere.   */
+               /*    >>> "Python".replace("", ".")     */
+               /*    '.P.y.t.h.o.n.'                   */
+               return replace_interleave(self, to_s, to_len, maxcount);
+       }
+
+       /* Except for "".replace("", "A") == "A" there is no way beyond this */
+       /* point for an empty self string to generate a non-empty string */
+       /* Special case so the remaining code always gets a non-empty string */
+       if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0) {
+               return return_self(self);
+       }
+
+       if (to_len == 0) {
+               /* delete all occurances of 'from' string */
+               if (from_len == 1) {
+                       return replace_delete_single_character(
+                               self, from_s[0], maxcount);
+               } else {
+                       return replace_delete_substring(self, from_s, from_len, maxcount);
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* Handle special case where both strings have the same length */
+
+       if (from_len == to_len) {
+               if (from_len == 1) {
+                       return replace_single_character_in_place(
+                               self,
+                               from_s[0],
+                               to_s[0],
+                               maxcount);
+               } else {
+                       return replace_substring_in_place(
+                               self, from_s, from_len, to_s, to_len, maxcount);
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* Otherwise use the more generic algorithms */
+       if (from_len == 1) {
+               return replace_single_character(self, from_s[0],
+                                               to_s, to_len, maxcount);
+       } else {
+               /* len('from')>=2, len('to')>=1 */
+               return replace_substring(self, from_s, from_len, to_s, to_len, maxcount);
+       }
 }
 
-
 PyDoc_STRVAR(replace__doc__,
-"B.replace(old, new[, count]) -> bytes\n\
+"S.replace (old, new[, count]) -> string\n\
 \n\
-Return a copy of B with all occurrences of subsection\n\
+Return a copy of string S with all occurrences of substring\n\
 old replaced by new.  If the optional argument count is\n\
 given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.");
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_replace(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+string_replace(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t count = -1;
-    PyObject *from, *to, *res;
-    Py_buffer vfrom, vto;
-
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO|n:replace", &from, &to, &count))
-        return NULL;
-
-    if (_getbuffer(from, &vfrom) < 0)
-        return NULL;
-    if (_getbuffer(to, &vto) < 0) {
-        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(from, &vfrom);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    res = (PyObject *)replace((PyByteArrayObject *) self,
-                              vfrom.buf, vfrom.len,
-                              vto.buf, vto.len, count);
+       Py_ssize_t count = -1;
+       PyObject *from, *to;
+       const char *from_s, *to_s;
+       Py_ssize_t from_len, to_len;
+
+       if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO|n:replace", &from, &to, &count))
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (PyBytes_Check(from)) {
+               from_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(from);
+               from_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(from);
+       }
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+       if (PyUnicode_Check(from))
+               return PyUnicode_Replace((PyObject *)self,
+                                        from, to, count);
+#endif
+       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(from, &from_s, &from_len))
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (PyBytes_Check(to)) {
+               to_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(to);
+               to_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(to);
+       }
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+       else if (PyUnicode_Check(to))
+               return PyUnicode_Replace((PyObject *)self,
+                                        from, to, count);
+#endif
+       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(to, &to_s, &to_len))
+               return NULL;
 
-    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(from, &vfrom);
-    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(to, &vto);
-    return res;
+       return (PyObject *)replace((PyBytesObject *) self,
+                                  from_s, from_len,
+                                  to_s, to_len, count);
 }
 
+/** End DALKE **/
 
-/* Overallocate the initial list to reduce the number of reallocs for small
-   split sizes.  Eg, "A A A A A A A A A A".split() (10 elements) has three
-   resizes, to sizes 4, 8, then 16.  Most observed string splits are for human
-   text (roughly 11 words per line) and field delimited data (usually 1-10
-   fields).  For large strings the split algorithms are bandwidth limited
-   so increasing the preallocation likely will not improve things.*/
-
-#define MAX_PREALLOC 12
-
-/* 5 splits gives 6 elements */
-#define PREALLOC_SIZE(maxsplit) \
-    (maxsplit >= MAX_PREALLOC ? MAX_PREALLOC : maxsplit+1)
-
-#define SPLIT_APPEND(data, left, right)                         \
-    str = PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize((data) + (left),       \
-                                     (right) - (left));     \
-    if (str == NULL)                                        \
-        goto onError;                                   \
-    if (PyList_Append(list, str)) {                         \
-        Py_DECREF(str);                                 \
-        goto onError;                                   \
-    }                                                       \
-    else                                                    \
-        Py_DECREF(str);
-
-#define SPLIT_ADD(data, left, right) {                          \
-    str = PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize((data) + (left),       \
-                                     (right) - (left));     \
-    if (str == NULL)                                        \
-        goto onError;                                   \
-    if (count < MAX_PREALLOC) {                             \
-        PyList_SET_ITEM(list, count, str);              \
-    } else {                                                \
-        if (PyList_Append(list, str)) {                 \
-            Py_DECREF(str);                         \
-            goto onError;                           \
-        }                                               \
-        else                                            \
-            Py_DECREF(str);                         \
-    }                                                       \
-    count++; }
-
-/* Always force the list to the expected size. */
-#define FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list) Py_SIZE(list) = count
-
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
-split_char(const char *s, Py_ssize_t len, char ch, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+/* Matches the end (direction >= 0) or start (direction < 0) of self
+ * against substr, using the start and end arguments. Returns
+ * -1 on error, 0 if not found and 1 if found.
+ */
+Py_LOCAL(int)
+_string_tailmatch(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *substr, Py_ssize_t start,
+                 Py_ssize_t end, int direction)
 {
-    register Py_ssize_t i, j, count = 0;
-    PyObject *str;
-    PyObject *list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxcount));
-
-    if (list == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-
-    i = j = 0;
-    while ((j < len) && (maxcount-- > 0)) {
-        for(; j < len; j++) {
-            /* I found that using memchr makes no difference */
-            if (s[j] == ch) {
-                SPLIT_ADD(s, i, j);
-                i = j = j + 1;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if (i <= len) {
-        SPLIT_ADD(s, i, len);
-    }
-    FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
-    return list;
-
-  onError:
-    Py_DECREF(list);
-    return NULL;
+       Py_ssize_t len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+       Py_ssize_t slen;
+       const char* sub;
+       const char* str;
+
+       if (PyBytes_Check(substr)) {
+               sub = PyBytes_AS_STRING(substr);
+               slen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(substr);
+       }
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+       else if (PyUnicode_Check(substr))
+               return PyUnicode_Tailmatch((PyObject *)self,
+                                          substr, start, end, direction);
+#endif
+       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(substr, &sub, &slen))
+               return -1;
+       str = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+
+       string_adjust_indices(&start, &end, len);
+
+       if (direction < 0) {
+               /* startswith */
+               if (start+slen > len)
+                       return 0;
+       } else {
+               /* endswith */
+               if (end-start < slen || start > len)
+                       return 0;
+
+               if (end-slen > start)
+                       start = end - slen;
+       }
+       if (end-start >= slen)
+               return ! memcmp(str+start, sub, slen);
+       return 0;
 }
 
 
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
-split_whitespace(const char *s, Py_ssize_t len, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
-{
-    register Py_ssize_t i, j, count = 0;
-    PyObject *str;
-    PyObject *list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxcount));
-
-    if (list == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-
-    for (i = j = 0; i < len; ) {
-        /* find a token */
-        while (i < len && ISSPACE(s[i]))
-            i++;
-        j = i;
-        while (i < len && !ISSPACE(s[i]))
-            i++;
-        if (j < i) {
-            if (maxcount-- <= 0)
-                break;
-            SPLIT_ADD(s, j, i);
-            while (i < len && ISSPACE(s[i]))
-                i++;
-            j = i;
-        }
-    }
-    if (j < len) {
-        SPLIT_ADD(s, j, len);
-    }
-    FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
-    return list;
-
-  onError:
-    Py_DECREF(list);
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(split__doc__,
-"B.split([sep[, maxsplit]]) -> list of bytearray\n\
+PyDoc_STRVAR(startswith__doc__,
+"S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool\n\
 \n\
-Return a list of the sections in B, using sep as the delimiter.\n\
-If sep is not given, B is split on ASCII whitespace characters\n\
-(space, tab, return, newline, formfeed, vertical tab).\n\
-If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done.");
+Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.\n\
+With optional start, test S beginning at that position.\n\
+With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.\n\
+prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.");
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_split(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+string_startswith(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self), n, i, j;
-    Py_ssize_t maxsplit = -1, count = 0;
-    const char *s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self), *sub;
-    PyObject *list, *str, *subobj = Py_None;
-    Py_buffer vsub;
-#ifdef USE_FAST
-    Py_ssize_t pos;
-#endif
-
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|On:split", &subobj, &maxsplit))
-        return NULL;
-    if (maxsplit < 0)
-        maxsplit = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
-
-    if (subobj == Py_None)
-        return split_whitespace(s, len, maxsplit);
-
-    if (_getbuffer(subobj, &vsub) < 0)
-        return NULL;
-    sub = vsub.buf;
-    n = vsub.len;
-
-    if (n == 0) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "empty separator");
-        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &vsub);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    if (n == 1)
-        return split_char(s, len, sub[0], maxsplit);
+       Py_ssize_t start = 0;
+       Py_ssize_t end = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
+       PyObject *subobj;
+       int result;
+
+       if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|O&O&:startswith", &subobj,
+               _PyEval_SliceIndex, &start, _PyEval_SliceIndex, &end))
+               return NULL;
+       if (PyTuple_Check(subobj)) {
+               Py_ssize_t i;
+               for (i = 0; i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(subobj); i++) {
+                       result = _string_tailmatch(self,
+                                       PyTuple_GET_ITEM(subobj, i),
+                                       start, end, -1);
+                       if (result == -1)
+                               return NULL;
+                       else if (result) {
+                               Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+                       }
+               }
+               Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+       }
+       result = _string_tailmatch(self, subobj, start, end, -1);
+       if (result == -1)
+               return NULL;
+       else
+               return PyBool_FromLong(result);
+}
 
-    list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxsplit));
-    if (list == NULL) {
-        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &vsub);
-        return NULL;
-    }
 
-#ifdef USE_FAST
-    i = j = 0;
-    while (maxsplit-- > 0) {
-        pos = fastsearch(s+i, len-i, sub, n, FAST_SEARCH);
-        if (pos < 0)
-                break;
-        j = i+pos;
-        SPLIT_ADD(s, i, j);
-        i = j + n;
-    }
-#else
-    i = j = 0;
-    while ((j+n <= len) && (maxsplit-- > 0)) {
-        for (; j+n <= len; j++) {
-            if (Py_STRING_MATCH(s, j, sub, n)) {
-                SPLIT_ADD(s, i, j);
-                i = j = j + n;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-#endif
-    SPLIT_ADD(s, i, len);
-    FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
-    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &vsub);
-    return list;
-
-  onError:
-    Py_DECREF(list);
-    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &vsub);
-    return NULL;
-}
+PyDoc_STRVAR(endswith__doc__,
+"S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool\n\
+\n\
+Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.\n\
+With optional start, test S beginning at that position.\n\
+With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.\n\
+suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.");
 
-/* stringlib's partition shares nullbytes in some cases.
-   undo this, we don't want the nullbytes to be shared. */
 static PyObject *
-make_nullbytes_unique(PyObject *result)
-{
-    if (result != NULL) {
-        int i;
-        assert(PyTuple_Check(result));
-        assert(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(result) == 3);
-        for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-            if (PyTuple_GET_ITEM(result, i) == (PyObject *)nullbytes) {
-                PyObject *new = PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, 0);
-                if (new == NULL) {
-                    Py_DECREF(result);
-                    result = NULL;
-                    break;
-                }
-                Py_DECREF(nullbytes);
-                PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, i, new);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return result;
+string_endswith(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+       Py_ssize_t start = 0;
+       Py_ssize_t end = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
+       PyObject *subobj;
+       int result;
+
+       if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|O&O&:endswith", &subobj,
+               _PyEval_SliceIndex, &start, _PyEval_SliceIndex, &end))
+               return NULL;
+       if (PyTuple_Check(subobj)) {
+               Py_ssize_t i;
+               for (i = 0; i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(subobj); i++) {
+                       result = _string_tailmatch(self,
+                                       PyTuple_GET_ITEM(subobj, i),
+                                       start, end, +1);
+                       if (result == -1)
+                               return NULL;
+                       else if (result) {
+                               Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+                       }
+               }
+               Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+       }
+       result = _string_tailmatch(self, subobj, start, end, +1);
+       if (result == -1)
+               return NULL;
+       else
+               return PyBool_FromLong(result);
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(partition__doc__,
-"B.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)\n\
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(encode__doc__,
+"S.encode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object\n\
 \n\
-Searches for the separator sep in B, and returns the part before it,\n\
-the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the separator is not\n\
-found, returns B and two empty bytearray objects.");
+Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults\n\
+to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error\n\
+handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise\n\
+a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and\n\
+'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with\n\
+codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.");
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_partition(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *sep_obj)
+string_encode(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    PyObject *bytesep, *result;
+    char *encoding = NULL;
+    char *errors = NULL;
+    PyObject *v;
 
-    bytesep = PyByteArray_FromObject(sep_obj);
-    if (! bytesep)
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|ss:encode", &encoding, &errors))
         return NULL;
+    v = PyBytes_AsEncodedObject((PyObject *)self, encoding, errors);
+    if (v == NULL)
+        goto onError;
+    if (!PyBytes_Check(v) && !PyUnicode_Check(v)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "encoder did not return a string/unicode object "
+                     "(type=%.400s)",
+                     Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
+        Py_DECREF(v);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return v;
 
-    result = stringlib_partition(
-            (PyObject*) self,
-            PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self), PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self),
-            bytesep,
-            PyByteArray_AS_STRING(bytesep), PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(bytesep)
-            );
-
-    Py_DECREF(bytesep);
-    return make_nullbytes_unique(result);
+ onError:
+    return NULL;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(rpartition__doc__,
-"B.rpartition(sep) -> (tail, sep, head)\n\
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(decode__doc__,
+"S.decode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object\n\
 \n\
-Searches for the separator sep in B, starting at the end of B,\n\
-and returns the part before it, the separator itself, and the\n\
-part after it.  If the separator is not found, returns two empty\n\
-bytearray objects and B.");
+Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults\n\
+to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error\n\
+handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise\n\
+a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'\n\
+as well as any other name registerd with codecs.register_error that is\n\
+able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.");
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_rpartition(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *sep_obj)
+string_decode(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    PyObject *bytesep, *result;
+    char *encoding = NULL;
+    char *errors = NULL;
+    PyObject *v;
 
-    bytesep = PyByteArray_FromObject(sep_obj);
-    if (! bytesep)
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|ss:decode", &encoding, &errors))
         return NULL;
+    v = PyBytes_AsDecodedObject((PyObject *)self, encoding, errors);
+    if (v == NULL)
+        goto onError;
+    if (!PyBytes_Check(v) && !PyUnicode_Check(v)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "decoder did not return a string/unicode object "
+                     "(type=%.400s)",
+                     Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
+        Py_DECREF(v);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return v;
 
-    result = stringlib_rpartition(
-            (PyObject*) self,
-            PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self), PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self),
-            bytesep,
-            PyByteArray_AS_STRING(bytesep), PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(bytesep)
-            );
-
-    Py_DECREF(bytesep);
-    return make_nullbytes_unique(result);
+ onError:
+    return NULL;
 }
 
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
-rsplit_char(const char *s, Py_ssize_t len, char ch, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(expandtabs__doc__,
+"S.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> string\n\
+\n\
+Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.\n\
+If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.");
+
+static PyObject*
+string_expandtabs(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    register Py_ssize_t i, j, count=0;
-    PyObject *str;
-    PyObject *list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxcount));
+    const char *e, *p, *qe;
+    char *q;
+    Py_ssize_t i, j, incr;
+    PyObject *u;
+    int tabsize = 8;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|i:expandtabs", &tabsize))
+       return NULL;
+
+    /* First pass: determine size of output string */
+    i = 0; /* chars up to and including most recent \n or \r */
+    j = 0; /* chars since most recent \n or \r (use in tab calculations) */
+    e = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self) + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self); /* end of input */
+    for (p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self); p < e; p++)
+        if (*p == '\t') {
+           if (tabsize > 0) {
+               incr = tabsize - (j % tabsize);
+               if (j > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - incr)
+                   goto overflow1;
+               j += incr;
+            }
+       }
+        else {
+           if (j > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - 1)
+               goto overflow1;
+            j++;
+            if (*p == '\n' || *p == '\r') {
+               if (i > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - j)
+                   goto overflow1;
+                i += j;
+                j = 0;
+            }
+        }
 
-    if (list == NULL)
+    if (i > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - j)
+       goto overflow1;
+
+    /* Second pass: create output string and fill it */
+    u = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, i + j);
+    if (!u)
         return NULL;
 
-    i = j = len - 1;
-    while ((i >= 0) && (maxcount-- > 0)) {
-        for (; i >= 0; i--) {
-            if (s[i] == ch) {
-                SPLIT_ADD(s, i + 1, j + 1);
-                j = i = i - 1;
-                break;
-            }
+    j = 0; /* same as in first pass */
+    q = PyBytes_AS_STRING(u); /* next output char */
+    qe = PyBytes_AS_STRING(u) + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(u); /* end of output */
+
+    for (p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self); p < e; p++)
+        if (*p == '\t') {
+           if (tabsize > 0) {
+               i = tabsize - (j % tabsize);
+               j += i;
+               while (i--) {
+                   if (q >= qe)
+                       goto overflow2;
+                   *q++ = ' ';
+               }
+           }
+       }
+       else {
+           if (q >= qe)
+               goto overflow2;
+           *q++ = *p;
+            j++;
+            if (*p == '\n' || *p == '\r')
+                j = 0;
         }
-    }
-    if (j >= -1) {
-        SPLIT_ADD(s, 0, j + 1);
-    }
-    FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
-    if (PyList_Reverse(list) < 0)
-        goto onError;
 
-    return list;
+    return u;
 
-  onError:
-    Py_DECREF(list);
+  overflow2:
+    Py_DECREF(u);
+  overflow1:
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "new string is too long");
     return NULL;
 }
 
 Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
-rsplit_whitespace(const char *s, Py_ssize_t len, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
+pad(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t left, Py_ssize_t right, char fill)
 {
-    register Py_ssize_t i, j, count = 0;
-    PyObject *str;
-    PyObject *list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxcount));
+    PyObject *u;
 
-    if (list == NULL)
-        return NULL;
+    if (left < 0)
+        left = 0;
+    if (right < 0)
+        right = 0;
 
-    for (i = j = len - 1; i >= 0; ) {
-        /* find a token */
-        while (i >= 0 && ISSPACE(s[i]))
-            i--;
-        j = i;
-        while (i >= 0 && !ISSPACE(s[i]))
-            i--;
-        if (j > i) {
-            if (maxcount-- <= 0)
-                break;
-            SPLIT_ADD(s, i + 1, j + 1);
-            while (i >= 0 && ISSPACE(s[i]))
-                i--;
-            j = i;
-        }
-    }
-    if (j >= 0) {
-        SPLIT_ADD(s, 0, j + 1);
+    if (left == 0 && right == 0 && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
+        Py_INCREF(self);
+        return (PyObject *)self;
     }
-    FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
-    if (PyList_Reverse(list) < 0)
-        goto onError;
 
-    return list;
+    u = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL,
+                                  left + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) + right);
+    if (u) {
+        if (left)
+            memset(PyBytes_AS_STRING(u), fill, left);
+        Py_MEMCPY(PyBytes_AS_STRING(u) + left,
+              PyBytes_AS_STRING(self),
+              PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self));
+        if (right)
+            memset(PyBytes_AS_STRING(u) + left + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self),
+                  fill, right);
+    }
 
-  onError:
-    Py_DECREF(list);
-    return NULL;
+    return u;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(rsplit__doc__,
-"B.rsplit(sep[, maxsplit]) -> list of bytearray\n\
-\n\
-Return a list of the sections in B, using sep as the delimiter,\n\
-starting at the end of B and working to the front.\n\
-If sep is not given, B is split on ASCII whitespace characters\n\
-(space, tab, return, newline, formfeed, vertical tab).\n\
-If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done.");
+PyDoc_STRVAR(ljust__doc__,
+"S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> string\n"
+"\n"
+"Return S left justified in a string of length width. Padding is\n"
+"done using the specified fill character (default is a space).");
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_rsplit(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+string_ljust(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(self), n, i, j;
-    Py_ssize_t maxsplit = -1, count = 0;
-    const char *s = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(self), *sub;
-    PyObject *list, *str, *subobj = Py_None;
-    Py_buffer vsub;
+    Py_ssize_t width;
+    char fillchar = ' ';
 
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|On:rsplit", &subobj, &maxsplit))
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "n|c:ljust", &width, &fillchar))
         return NULL;
-    if (maxsplit < 0)
-        maxsplit = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
 
-    if (subobj == Py_None)
-        return rsplit_whitespace(s, len, maxsplit);
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) >= width && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
+        Py_INCREF(self);
+        return (PyObject*) self;
+    }
 
-    if (_getbuffer(subobj, &vsub) < 0)
-        return NULL;
-    sub = vsub.buf;
-    n = vsub.len;
+    return pad(self, 0, width - PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self), fillchar);
+}
 
-    if (n == 0) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "empty separator");
-        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &vsub);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    else if (n == 1)
-        return rsplit_char(s, len, sub[0], maxsplit);
 
-    list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxsplit));
-    if (list == NULL) {
-        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &vsub);
-        return NULL;
-    }
+PyDoc_STRVAR(rjust__doc__,
+"S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> string\n"
+"\n"
+"Return S right justified in a string of length width. Padding is\n"
+"done using the specified fill character (default is a space)");
 
-    j = len;
-    i = j - n;
+static PyObject *
+string_rjust(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t width;
+    char fillchar = ' ';
 
-    while ( (i >= 0) && (maxsplit-- > 0) ) {
-        for (; i>=0; i--) {
-            if (Py_STRING_MATCH(s, i, sub, n)) {
-                SPLIT_ADD(s, i + n, j);
-                j = i;
-                i -= n;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "n|c:rjust", &width, &fillchar))
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) >= width && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
+        Py_INCREF(self);
+        return (PyObject*) self;
     }
-    SPLIT_ADD(s, 0, j);
-    FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
-    if (PyList_Reverse(list) < 0)
-        goto onError;
-    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &vsub);
-    return list;
 
-onError:
-    Py_DECREF(list);
-    PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(subobj, &vsub);
-    return NULL;
+    return pad(self, width - PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self), 0, fillchar);
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(reverse__doc__,
-"B.reverse() -> None\n\
-\n\
-Reverse the order of the values in B in place.");
-static PyObject *
-bytes_reverse(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *unused)
-{
-    char swap, *head, *tail;
-    Py_ssize_t i, j, n = Py_SIZE(self);
-
-    j = n / 2;
-    head = self->ob_bytes;
-    tail = head + n - 1;
-    for (i = 0; i < j; i++) {
-        swap = *head;
-        *head++ = *tail;
-        *tail-- = swap;
-    }
 
-    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-}
+PyDoc_STRVAR(center__doc__,
+"S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> string\n"
+"\n"
+"Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is\n"
+"done using the specified fill character (default is a space)");
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(insert__doc__,
-"B.insert(index, int) -> None\n\
-\n\
-Insert a single item into the bytearray before the given index.");
 static PyObject *
-bytes_insert(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+string_center(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    int value;
-    Py_ssize_t where, n = Py_SIZE(self);
+    Py_ssize_t marg, left;
+    Py_ssize_t width;
+    char fillchar = ' ';
 
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ni:insert", &where, &value))
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "n|c:center", &width, &fillchar))
         return NULL;
 
-    if (n == PY_SSIZE_T_MAX) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-                        "cannot add more objects to bytes");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    if (value < 0 || value >= 256) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                        "byte must be in range(0, 256)");
-        return NULL;
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) >= width && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
+        Py_INCREF(self);
+        return (PyObject*) self;
     }
-    if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, n + 1) < 0)
-        return NULL;
 
-    if (where < 0) {
-        where += n;
-        if (where < 0)
-            where = 0;
-    }
-    if (where > n)
-        where = n;
-    memmove(self->ob_bytes + where + 1, self->ob_bytes + where, n - where);
-    self->ob_bytes[where] = value;
+    marg = width - PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+    left = marg / 2 + (marg & width & 1);
 
-    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    return pad(self, left, marg - left, fillchar);
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(append__doc__,
-"B.append(int) -> None\n\
-\n\
-Append a single item to the end of B.");
+PyDoc_STRVAR(zfill__doc__,
+"S.zfill(width) -> string\n"
+"\n"
+"Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field\n"
+"of the specified width.  The string S is never truncated.");
+
 static PyObject *
-bytes_append(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *arg)
+string_zfill(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    int value;
-    Py_ssize_t n = Py_SIZE(self);
+    Py_ssize_t fill;
+    PyObject *s;
+    char *p;
+    Py_ssize_t width;
 
-    if (! _getbytevalue(arg, &value))
-        return NULL;
-    if (n == PY_SSIZE_T_MAX) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-                        "cannot add more objects to bytes");
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "n:zfill", &width))
         return NULL;
+
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) >= width) {
+        if (PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
+            Py_INCREF(self);
+            return (PyObject*) self;
+        }
+        else
+            return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(
+                PyBytes_AS_STRING(self),
+                PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self)
+            );
     }
-    if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, n + 1) < 0)
+
+    fill = width - PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+
+    s = pad(self, fill, 0, '0');
+
+    if (s == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
-    self->ob_bytes[n] = value;
+    p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(s);
+    if (p[fill] == '+' || p[fill] == '-') {
+        /* move sign to beginning of string */
+        p[0] = p[fill];
+        p[fill] = '0';
+    }
 
-    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    return (PyObject*) s;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(extend__doc__,
-"B.extend(iterable int) -> None\n\
+PyDoc_STRVAR(isspace__doc__,
+"S.isspace() -> bool\n\
 \n\
-Append all the elements from the iterator or sequence to the\n\
-end of B.");
-static PyObject *
-bytes_extend(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *arg)
+Return True if all characters in S are whitespace\n\
+and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.");
+
+static PyObject*
+string_isspace(PyBytesObject *self)
 {
-    PyObject *it, *item, *bytes_obj;
-    Py_ssize_t buf_size = 0, len = 0;
-    int value;
-    char *buf;
+    register const unsigned char *p
+        = (unsigned char *) PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+    register const unsigned char *e;
 
-    /* bytes_setslice code only accepts something supporting PEP 3118. */
-    if (PyObject_CheckBuffer(arg)) {
-        if (bytes_setslice(self, Py_SIZE(self), Py_SIZE(self), arg) == -1)
-            return NULL;
+    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 1 &&
+       isspace(*p))
+       return PyBool_FromLong(1);
 
-        Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    /* Special case for empty strings */
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0)
+       return PyBool_FromLong(0);
+
+    e = p + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+    for (; p < e; p++) {
+       if (!isspace(*p))
+           return PyBool_FromLong(0);
     }
+    return PyBool_FromLong(1);
+}
 
-    it = PyObject_GetIter(arg);
-    if (it == NULL)
-        return NULL;
 
-    /* Try to determine the length of the argument. 32 is abitrary. */
-    buf_size = _PyObject_LengthHint(arg, 32);
+PyDoc_STRVAR(isalpha__doc__,
+"S.isalpha() -> bool\n\
+\n\
+Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic\n\
+and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.");
 
-    bytes_obj = PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, buf_size);
-    if (bytes_obj == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-    buf = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(bytes_obj);
-
-    while ((item = PyIter_Next(it)) != NULL) {
-        if (! _getbytevalue(item, &value)) {
-            Py_DECREF(item);
-            Py_DECREF(it);
-            Py_DECREF(bytes_obj);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        buf[len++] = value;
-        Py_DECREF(item);
-
-        if (len >= buf_size) {
-            buf_size = len + (len >> 1) + 1;
-            if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)bytes_obj, buf_size) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(it);
-                Py_DECREF(bytes_obj);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-            /* Recompute the `buf' pointer, since the resizing operation may
-               have invalidated it. */
-            buf = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(bytes_obj);
-        }
-    }
-    Py_DECREF(it);
+static PyObject*
+string_isalpha(PyBytesObject *self)
+{
+    register const unsigned char *p
+        = (unsigned char *) PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+    register const unsigned char *e;
 
-    /* Resize down to exact size. */
-    if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)bytes_obj, len) < 0) {
-        Py_DECREF(bytes_obj);
-        return NULL;
-    }
+    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 1 &&
+       isalpha(*p))
+       return PyBool_FromLong(1);
 
-    if (bytes_setslice(self, Py_SIZE(self), Py_SIZE(self), bytes_obj) == -1)
-        return NULL;
-    Py_DECREF(bytes_obj);
+    /* Special case for empty strings */
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0)
+       return PyBool_FromLong(0);
 
-    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    e = p + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+    for (; p < e; p++) {
+       if (!isalpha(*p))
+           return PyBool_FromLong(0);
+    }
+    return PyBool_FromLong(1);
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(pop__doc__,
-"B.pop([index]) -> int\n\
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(isalnum__doc__,
+"S.isalnum() -> bool\n\
 \n\
-Remove and return a single item from B. If no index\n\
-argument is give, will pop the last value.");
-static PyObject *
-bytes_pop(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-    int value;
-    Py_ssize_t where = -1, n = Py_SIZE(self);
+Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric\n\
+and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.");
 
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|n:pop", &where))
-        return NULL;
+static PyObject*
+string_isalnum(PyBytesObject *self)
+{
+    register const unsigned char *p
+        = (unsigned char *) PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+    register const unsigned char *e;
 
-    if (n == 0) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-                        "cannot pop an empty bytes");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    if (where < 0)
-        where += Py_SIZE(self);
-    if (where < 0 || where >= Py_SIZE(self)) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "pop index out of range");
-        return NULL;
-    }
+    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 1 &&
+       isalnum(*p))
+       return PyBool_FromLong(1);
 
-    value = self->ob_bytes[where];
-    memmove(self->ob_bytes + where, self->ob_bytes + where + 1, n - where);
-    if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, n - 1) < 0)
-        return NULL;
+    /* Special case for empty strings */
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0)
+       return PyBool_FromLong(0);
 
-    return PyInt_FromLong(value);
+    e = p + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+    for (; p < e; p++) {
+       if (!isalnum(*p))
+           return PyBool_FromLong(0);
+    }
+    return PyBool_FromLong(1);
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(remove__doc__,
-"B.remove(int) -> None\n\
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(isdigit__doc__,
+"S.isdigit() -> bool\n\
 \n\
-Remove the first occurance of a value in B.");
-static PyObject *
-bytes_remove(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *arg)
-{
-    int value;
-    Py_ssize_t where, n = Py_SIZE(self);
+Return True if all characters in S are digits\n\
+and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.");
 
-    if (! _getbytevalue(arg, &value))
-        return NULL;
+static PyObject*
+string_isdigit(PyBytesObject *self)
+{
+    register const unsigned char *p
+        = (unsigned char *) PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+    register const unsigned char *e;
 
-    for (where = 0; where < n; where++) {
-        if (self->ob_bytes[where] == value)
-            break;
-    }
-    if (where == n) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "value not found in bytes");
-        return NULL;
-    }
+    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 1 &&
+       isdigit(*p))
+       return PyBool_FromLong(1);
 
-    memmove(self->ob_bytes + where, self->ob_bytes + where + 1, n - where);
-    if (PyByteArray_Resize((PyObject *)self, n - 1) < 0)
-        return NULL;
+    /* Special case for empty strings */
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0)
+       return PyBool_FromLong(0);
 
-    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    e = p + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+    for (; p < e; p++) {
+       if (!isdigit(*p))
+           return PyBool_FromLong(0);
+    }
+    return PyBool_FromLong(1);
 }
 
-/* XXX These two helpers could be optimized if argsize == 1 */
 
-static Py_ssize_t
-lstrip_helper(unsigned char *myptr, Py_ssize_t mysize,
-              void *argptr, Py_ssize_t argsize)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t i = 0;
-    while (i < mysize && memchr(argptr, myptr[i], argsize))
-        i++;
-    return i;
-}
+PyDoc_STRVAR(islower__doc__,
+"S.islower() -> bool\n\
+\n\
+Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is\n\
+at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.");
 
-static Py_ssize_t
-rstrip_helper(unsigned char *myptr, Py_ssize_t mysize,
-              void *argptr, Py_ssize_t argsize)
+static PyObject*
+string_islower(PyBytesObject *self)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t i = mysize - 1;
-    while (i >= 0 && memchr(argptr, myptr[i], argsize))
-        i--;
-    return i + 1;
+    register const unsigned char *p
+        = (unsigned char *) PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+    register const unsigned char *e;
+    int cased;
+
+    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 1)
+       return PyBool_FromLong(islower(*p) != 0);
+
+    /* Special case for empty strings */
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0)
+       return PyBool_FromLong(0);
+
+    e = p + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+    cased = 0;
+    for (; p < e; p++) {
+       if (isupper(*p))
+           return PyBool_FromLong(0);
+       else if (!cased && islower(*p))
+           cased = 1;
+    }
+    return PyBool_FromLong(cased);
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(strip__doc__,
-"B.strip([bytes]) -> bytearray\n\
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(isupper__doc__,
+"S.isupper() -> bool\n\
 \n\
-Strip leading and trailing bytes contained in the argument.\n\
-If the argument is omitted, strip ASCII whitespace.");
-static PyObject *
-bytes_strip(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is\n\
+at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.");
+
+static PyObject*
+string_isupper(PyBytesObject *self)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t left, right, mysize, argsize;
-    void *myptr, *argptr;
-    PyObject *arg = Py_None;
-    Py_buffer varg;
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|O:strip", &arg))
-        return NULL;
-    if (arg == Py_None) {
-        argptr = "\t\n\r\f\v ";
-        argsize = 6;
-    }
-    else {
-        if (_getbuffer(arg, &varg) < 0)
-            return NULL;
-        argptr = varg.buf;
-        argsize = varg.len;
-    }
-    myptr = self->ob_bytes;
-    mysize = Py_SIZE(self);
-    left = lstrip_helper(myptr, mysize, argptr, argsize);
-    if (left == mysize)
-        right = left;
-    else
-        right = rstrip_helper(myptr, mysize, argptr, argsize);
-    if (arg != Py_None)
-        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(arg, &varg);
-    return PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(self->ob_bytes + left, right - left);
+    register const unsigned char *p
+        = (unsigned char *) PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+    register const unsigned char *e;
+    int cased;
+
+    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 1)
+       return PyBool_FromLong(isupper(*p) != 0);
+
+    /* Special case for empty strings */
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0)
+       return PyBool_FromLong(0);
+
+    e = p + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+    cased = 0;
+    for (; p < e; p++) {
+       if (islower(*p))
+           return PyBool_FromLong(0);
+       else if (!cased && isupper(*p))
+           cased = 1;
+    }
+    return PyBool_FromLong(cased);
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(lstrip__doc__,
-"B.lstrip([bytes]) -> bytearray\n\
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(istitle__doc__,
+"S.istitle() -> bool\n\
 \n\
-Strip leading bytes contained in the argument.\n\
-If the argument is omitted, strip leading ASCII whitespace.");
-static PyObject *
-bytes_lstrip(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one\n\
+character in S, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased\n\
+characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False\n\
+otherwise.");
+
+static PyObject*
+string_istitle(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *uncased)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t left, right, mysize, argsize;
-    void *myptr, *argptr;
-    PyObject *arg = Py_None;
-    Py_buffer varg;
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|O:lstrip", &arg))
-        return NULL;
-    if (arg == Py_None) {
-        argptr = "\t\n\r\f\v ";
-        argsize = 6;
-    }
-    else {
-        if (_getbuffer(arg, &varg) < 0)
-            return NULL;
-        argptr = varg.buf;
-        argsize = varg.len;
-    }
-    myptr = self->ob_bytes;
-    mysize = Py_SIZE(self);
-    left = lstrip_helper(myptr, mysize, argptr, argsize);
-    right = mysize;
-    if (arg != Py_None)
-        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(arg, &varg);
-    return PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(self->ob_bytes + left, right - left);
+    register const unsigned char *p
+        = (unsigned char *) PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+    register const unsigned char *e;
+    int cased, previous_is_cased;
+
+    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 1)
+       return PyBool_FromLong(isupper(*p) != 0);
+
+    /* Special case for empty strings */
+    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0)
+       return PyBool_FromLong(0);
+
+    e = p + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+    cased = 0;
+    previous_is_cased = 0;
+    for (; p < e; p++) {
+       register const unsigned char ch = *p;
+
+       if (isupper(ch)) {
+           if (previous_is_cased)
+               return PyBool_FromLong(0);
+           previous_is_cased = 1;
+           cased = 1;
+       }
+       else if (islower(ch)) {
+           if (!previous_is_cased)
+               return PyBool_FromLong(0);
+           previous_is_cased = 1;
+           cased = 1;
+       }
+       else
+           previous_is_cased = 0;
+    }
+    return PyBool_FromLong(cased);
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(rstrip__doc__,
-"B.rstrip([bytes]) -> bytearray\n\
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(splitlines__doc__,
+"S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings\n\
 \n\
-Strip trailing bytes contained in the argument.\n\
-If the argument is omitted, strip trailing ASCII whitespace.");
-static PyObject *
-bytes_rstrip(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.\n\
+Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends\n\
+is given and true.");
+
+static PyObject*
+string_splitlines(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t left, right, mysize, argsize;
-    void *myptr, *argptr;
-    PyObject *arg = Py_None;
-    Py_buffer varg;
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|O:rstrip", &arg))
+    register Py_ssize_t i;
+    register Py_ssize_t j;
+    Py_ssize_t len;
+    int keepends = 0;
+    PyObject *list;
+    PyObject *str;
+    char *data;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|i:splitlines", &keepends))
         return NULL;
-    if (arg == Py_None) {
-        argptr = "\t\n\r\f\v ";
-        argsize = 6;
+
+    data = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
+    len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
+
+    /* This does not use the preallocated list because splitlines is
+       usually run with hundreds of newlines.  The overhead of
+       switching between PyList_SET_ITEM and append causes about a
+       2-3% slowdown for that common case.  A smarter implementation
+       could move the if check out, so the SET_ITEMs are done first
+       and the appends only done when the prealloc buffer is full.
+       That's too much work for little gain.*/
+
+    list = PyList_New(0);
+    if (!list)
+        goto onError;
+
+    for (i = j = 0; i < len; ) {
+       Py_ssize_t eol;
+
+       /* Find a line and append it */
+       while (i < len && data[i] != '\n' && data[i] != '\r')
+           i++;
+
+       /* Skip the line break reading CRLF as one line break */
+       eol = i;
+       if (i < len) {
+           if (data[i] == '\r' && i + 1 < len &&
+               data[i+1] == '\n')
+               i += 2;
+           else
+               i++;
+           if (keepends)
+               eol = i;
+       }
+       SPLIT_APPEND(data, j, eol);
+       j = i;
     }
-    else {
-        if (_getbuffer(arg, &varg) < 0)
-            return NULL;
-        argptr = varg.buf;
-        argsize = varg.len;
+    if (j < len) {
+       SPLIT_APPEND(data, j, len);
     }
-    myptr = self->ob_bytes;
-    mysize = Py_SIZE(self);
-    left = 0;
-    right = rstrip_helper(myptr, mysize, argptr, argsize);
-    if (arg != Py_None)
-        PyObject_ReleaseBuffer(arg, &varg);
-    return PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(self->ob_bytes + left, right - left);
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(decode_doc,
-"B.decode([encoding[, errors]]) -> unicode object.\n\
-\n\
-Decodes B using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults\n\
-to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error\n\
-handling scheme.  Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise\n\
-a UnicodeDecodeError.  Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'\n\
-as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is\n\
-able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.");
 
-static PyObject *
-bytes_decode(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-    const char *encoding = NULL;
-    const char *errors = NULL;
+    return list;
 
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|ss:decode", &encoding, &errors))
-        return NULL;
-    if (encoding == NULL)
-        encoding = PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding();
-    return PyCodec_Decode(self, encoding, errors);
+ onError:
+    Py_XDECREF(list);
+    return NULL;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(alloc_doc,
-"B.__alloc__() -> int\n\
-\n\
-Returns the number of bytes actually allocated.");
+#undef SPLIT_APPEND
+#undef SPLIT_ADD
+#undef MAX_PREALLOC
+#undef PREALLOC_SIZE
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_alloc(PyByteArrayObject *self)
+string_getnewargs(PyBytesObject *v)
 {
-    return PyInt_FromSsize_t(self->ob_alloc);
+       return Py_BuildValue("(s#)", v->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(v));
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(join_doc,
-"B.join(iterable_of_bytes) -> bytes\n\
-\n\
-Concatenates any number of bytearray objects, with B in between each pair.");
 
-static PyObject *
-bytes_join(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *it)
-{
-    PyObject *seq;
-    Py_ssize_t mysize = Py_SIZE(self);
-    Py_ssize_t i;
-    Py_ssize_t n;
-    PyObject **items;
-    Py_ssize_t totalsize = 0;
-    PyObject *result;
-    char *dest;
-
-    seq = PySequence_Fast(it, "can only join an iterable");
-    if (seq == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-    n = PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(seq);
-    items = PySequence_Fast_ITEMS(seq);
-
-    /* Compute the total size, and check that they are all bytes */
-    /* XXX Shouldn't we use _getbuffer() on these items instead? */
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        PyObject *obj = items[i];
-        if (!PyByteArray_Check(obj) && !PyBytes_Check(obj)) {
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                         "can only join an iterable of bytes "
-                         "(item %ld has type '%.100s')",
-                         /* XXX %ld isn't right on Win64 */
-                         (long)i, Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
-            goto error;
-        }
-        if (i > 0)
-            totalsize += mysize;
-        totalsize += Py_SIZE(obj);
-        if (totalsize < 0) {
-            PyErr_NoMemory();
-            goto error;
-        }
-    }
+#include "stringlib/string_format.h"
 
-    /* Allocate the result, and copy the bytes */
-    result = PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, totalsize);
-    if (result == NULL)
-        goto error;
-    dest = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(result);
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        PyObject *obj = items[i];
-        Py_ssize_t size = Py_SIZE(obj);
-        char *buf;
-        if (PyByteArray_Check(obj))
-           buf = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(obj);
-        else
-           buf = PyBytes_AS_STRING(obj);
-        if (i) {
-            memcpy(dest, self->ob_bytes, mysize);
-            dest += mysize;
-        }
-        memcpy(dest, buf, size);
-        dest += size;
-    }
+PyDoc_STRVAR(format__doc__,
+"S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> unicode\n\
+\n\
+");
 
-    /* Done */
-    Py_DECREF(seq);
-    return result;
+PyDoc_STRVAR(p_format__doc__,
+"S.__format__(format_spec) -> unicode\n\
+\n\
+");
 
-    /* Error handling */
-  error:
-    Py_DECREF(seq);
-    return NULL;
-}
+\f
+static PyMethodDef
+string_methods[] = {
+       /* Counterparts of the obsolete stropmodule functions; except
+          string.maketrans(). */
+       {"join", (PyCFunction)string_join, METH_O, join__doc__},
+       {"split", (PyCFunction)string_split, METH_VARARGS, split__doc__},
+       {"rsplit", (PyCFunction)string_rsplit, METH_VARARGS, rsplit__doc__},
+       {"lower", (PyCFunction)string_lower, METH_NOARGS, lower__doc__},
+       {"upper", (PyCFunction)string_upper, METH_NOARGS, upper__doc__},
+       {"islower", (PyCFunction)string_islower, METH_NOARGS, islower__doc__},
+       {"isupper", (PyCFunction)string_isupper, METH_NOARGS, isupper__doc__},
+       {"isspace", (PyCFunction)string_isspace, METH_NOARGS, isspace__doc__},
+       {"isdigit", (PyCFunction)string_isdigit, METH_NOARGS, isdigit__doc__},
+       {"istitle", (PyCFunction)string_istitle, METH_NOARGS, istitle__doc__},
+       {"isalpha", (PyCFunction)string_isalpha, METH_NOARGS, isalpha__doc__},
+       {"isalnum", (PyCFunction)string_isalnum, METH_NOARGS, isalnum__doc__},
+       {"capitalize", (PyCFunction)string_capitalize, METH_NOARGS,
+        capitalize__doc__},
+       {"count", (PyCFunction)string_count, METH_VARARGS, count__doc__},
+       {"endswith", (PyCFunction)string_endswith, METH_VARARGS,
+        endswith__doc__},
+       {"partition", (PyCFunction)string_partition, METH_O, partition__doc__},
+       {"find", (PyCFunction)string_find, METH_VARARGS, find__doc__},
+       {"index", (PyCFunction)string_index, METH_VARARGS, index__doc__},
+       {"lstrip", (PyCFunction)string_lstrip, METH_VARARGS, lstrip__doc__},
+       {"replace", (PyCFunction)string_replace, METH_VARARGS, replace__doc__},
+       {"rfind", (PyCFunction)string_rfind, METH_VARARGS, rfind__doc__},
+       {"rindex", (PyCFunction)string_rindex, METH_VARARGS, rindex__doc__},
+       {"rstrip", (PyCFunction)string_rstrip, METH_VARARGS, rstrip__doc__},
+       {"rpartition", (PyCFunction)string_rpartition, METH_O,
+        rpartition__doc__},
+       {"startswith", (PyCFunction)string_startswith, METH_VARARGS,
+        startswith__doc__},
+       {"strip", (PyCFunction)string_strip, METH_VARARGS, strip__doc__},
+       {"swapcase", (PyCFunction)string_swapcase, METH_NOARGS,
+        swapcase__doc__},
+       {"translate", (PyCFunction)string_translate, METH_VARARGS,
+        translate__doc__},
+       {"title", (PyCFunction)string_title, METH_NOARGS, title__doc__},
+       {"ljust", (PyCFunction)string_ljust, METH_VARARGS, ljust__doc__},
+       {"rjust", (PyCFunction)string_rjust, METH_VARARGS, rjust__doc__},
+       {"center", (PyCFunction)string_center, METH_VARARGS, center__doc__},
+       {"zfill", (PyCFunction)string_zfill, METH_VARARGS, zfill__doc__},
+       {"format", (PyCFunction) do_string_format, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, format__doc__},
+       {"__format__", (PyCFunction) string__format__, METH_VARARGS, p_format__doc__},
+       {"_formatter_field_name_split", (PyCFunction) formatter_field_name_split, METH_NOARGS},
+       {"_formatter_parser", (PyCFunction) formatter_parser, METH_NOARGS},
+       {"encode", (PyCFunction)string_encode, METH_VARARGS, encode__doc__},
+       {"decode", (PyCFunction)string_decode, METH_VARARGS, decode__doc__},
+       {"expandtabs", (PyCFunction)string_expandtabs, METH_VARARGS,
+        expandtabs__doc__},
+       {"splitlines", (PyCFunction)string_splitlines, METH_VARARGS,
+        splitlines__doc__},
+       {"__getnewargs__",      (PyCFunction)string_getnewargs, METH_NOARGS},
+       {NULL,     NULL}                     /* sentinel */
+};
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(fromhex_doc,
-"bytearray.fromhex(string) -> bytearray\n\
-\n\
-Create a bytearray object from a string of hexadecimal numbers.\n\
-Spaces between two numbers are accepted.\n\
-Example: bytearray.fromhex('B9 01EF') -> bytearray(b'\\xb9\\x01\\xef').");
+static PyObject *
+str_subtype_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds);
 
-static int
-hex_digit_to_int(Py_UNICODE c)
-{
-    if (c >= 128)
-        return -1;
-    if (ISDIGIT(c))
-        return c - '0';
-    else {
-        if (ISUPPER(c))
-            c = TOLOWER(c);
-        if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
-            return c - 'a' + 10;
-    }
-    return -1;
+static PyObject *
+string_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+       PyObject *x = NULL;
+       static char *kwlist[] = {"object", 0};
+
+       if (type != &PyBytes_Type)
+               return str_subtype_new(type, args, kwds);
+       if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "|O:str", kwlist, &x))
+               return NULL;
+       if (x == NULL)
+               return PyBytes_FromString("");
+       return PyObject_Str(x);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_fromhex(PyObject *cls, PyObject *args)
+str_subtype_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
-    PyObject *newbytes, *hexobj;
-    char *buf;
-    Py_UNICODE *hex;
-    Py_ssize_t hexlen, byteslen, i, j;
-    int top, bot;
-
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "U:fromhex", &hexobj))
-        return NULL;
-    assert(PyUnicode_Check(hexobj));
-    hexlen = PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(hexobj);
-    hex = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(hexobj);
-    byteslen = hexlen/2; /* This overestimates if there are spaces */
-    newbytes = PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(NULL, byteslen);
-    if (!newbytes)
-        return NULL;
-    buf = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(newbytes);
-    for (i = j = 0; i < hexlen; i += 2) {
-        /* skip over spaces in the input */
-        while (hex[i] == ' ')
-            i++;
-        if (i >= hexlen)
-            break;
-        top = hex_digit_to_int(hex[i]);
-        bot = hex_digit_to_int(hex[i+1]);
-        if (top == -1 || bot == -1) {
-            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
-                         "non-hexadecimal number found in "
-                         "fromhex() arg at position %zd", i);
-            goto error;
-        }
-        buf[j++] = (top << 4) + bot;
-    }
-    if (PyByteArray_Resize(newbytes, j) < 0)
-        goto error;
-    return newbytes;
-
-  error:
-    Py_DECREF(newbytes);
-    return NULL;
+       PyObject *tmp, *pnew;
+       Py_ssize_t n;
+
+       assert(PyType_IsSubtype(type, &PyBytes_Type));
+       tmp = string_new(&PyBytes_Type, args, kwds);
+       if (tmp == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+       assert(PyBytes_CheckExact(tmp));
+       n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(tmp);
+       pnew = type->tp_alloc(type, n);
+       if (pnew != NULL) {
+               Py_MEMCPY(PyBytes_AS_STRING(pnew), PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp), n+1);
+               ((PyBytesObject *)pnew)->ob_shash =
+                       ((PyBytesObject *)tmp)->ob_shash;
+               ((PyBytesObject *)pnew)->ob_sstate = SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED;
+       }
+       Py_DECREF(tmp);
+       return pnew;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(reduce_doc, "Return state information for pickling.");
-
 static PyObject *
-bytes_reduce(PyByteArrayObject *self)
-{
-    PyObject *latin1, *dict;
-    if (self->ob_bytes)
-        latin1 = PyUnicode_DecodeLatin1(self->ob_bytes,
-                                        Py_SIZE(self), NULL);
-    else
-        latin1 = PyUnicode_FromString("");
-
-    dict = PyObject_GetAttrString((PyObject *)self, "__dict__");
-    if (dict == NULL) {
-        PyErr_Clear();
-        dict = Py_None;
-        Py_INCREF(dict);
-    }
+basestring_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                       "The basestring type cannot be instantiated");
+       return NULL;
+}
 
-    return Py_BuildValue("(O(Ns)N)", Py_TYPE(self), latin1, "latin-1", dict);
+static PyObject *
+string_mod(PyObject *v, PyObject *w)
+{
+       if (!PyBytes_Check(v)) {
+               Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented);
+               return Py_NotImplemented;
+       }
+       return PyBytes_Format(v, w);
 }
 
-static PySequenceMethods bytes_as_sequence = {
-    (lenfunc)bytes_length,              /* sq_length */
-    (binaryfunc)PyByteArray_Concat,         /* sq_concat */
-    (ssizeargfunc)bytes_repeat,         /* sq_repeat */
-    (ssizeargfunc)bytes_getitem,        /* sq_item */
-    0,                                  /* sq_slice */
-    (ssizeobjargproc)bytes_setitem,     /* sq_ass_item */
-    0,                                  /* sq_ass_slice */
-    (objobjproc)bytes_contains,         /* sq_contains */
-    (binaryfunc)bytes_iconcat,          /* sq_inplace_concat */
-    (ssizeargfunc)bytes_irepeat,        /* sq_inplace_repeat */
-};
+PyDoc_STRVAR(basestring_doc,
+"Type basestring cannot be instantiated; it is the base for str and unicode.");
 
-static PyMappingMethods bytes_as_mapping = {
-    (lenfunc)bytes_length,
-    (binaryfunc)bytes_subscript,
-    (objobjargproc)bytes_ass_subscript,
+static PyNumberMethods string_as_number = {
+       0,                      /*nb_add*/
+       0,                      /*nb_subtract*/
+       0,                      /*nb_multiply*/
+       0,                      /*nb_divide*/
+       string_mod,             /*nb_remainder*/
 };
 
-static PyBufferProcs bytes_as_buffer = {
-    (readbufferproc)bytes_buffer_getreadbuf,
-    (writebufferproc)bytes_buffer_getwritebuf,
-    (segcountproc)bytes_buffer_getsegcount,
-    (charbufferproc)bytes_buffer_getcharbuf,
-    (getbufferproc)bytes_getbuffer,
-    (releasebufferproc)bytes_releasebuffer,
-};
 
-static PyMethodDef
-bytes_methods[] = {
-    {"__alloc__", (PyCFunction)bytes_alloc, METH_NOARGS, alloc_doc},
-    {"__reduce__", (PyCFunction)bytes_reduce, METH_NOARGS, reduce_doc},
-    {"append", (PyCFunction)bytes_append, METH_O, append__doc__},
-    {"capitalize", (PyCFunction)stringlib_capitalize, METH_NOARGS,
-     _Py_capitalize__doc__},
-    {"center", (PyCFunction)stringlib_center, METH_VARARGS, center__doc__},
-    {"count", (PyCFunction)bytes_count, METH_VARARGS, count__doc__},
-    {"decode", (PyCFunction)bytes_decode, METH_VARARGS, decode_doc},
-    {"endswith", (PyCFunction)bytes_endswith, METH_VARARGS, endswith__doc__},
-    {"expandtabs", (PyCFunction)stringlib_expandtabs, METH_VARARGS,
-     expandtabs__doc__},
-    {"extend", (PyCFunction)bytes_extend, METH_O, extend__doc__},
-    {"find", (PyCFunction)bytes_find, METH_VARARGS, find__doc__},
-    {"fromhex", (PyCFunction)bytes_fromhex, METH_VARARGS|METH_CLASS,
-     fromhex_doc},
-    {"index", (PyCFunction)bytes_index, METH_VARARGS, index__doc__},
-    {"insert", (PyCFunction)bytes_insert, METH_VARARGS, insert__doc__},
-    {"isalnum", (PyCFunction)stringlib_isalnum, METH_NOARGS,
-     _Py_isalnum__doc__},
-    {"isalpha", (PyCFunction)stringlib_isalpha, METH_NOARGS,
-     _Py_isalpha__doc__},
-    {"isdigit", (PyCFunction)stringlib_isdigit, METH_NOARGS,
-     _Py_isdigit__doc__},
-    {"islower", (PyCFunction)stringlib_islower, METH_NOARGS,
-     _Py_islower__doc__},
-    {"isspace", (PyCFunction)stringlib_isspace, METH_NOARGS,
-     _Py_isspace__doc__},
-    {"istitle", (PyCFunction)stringlib_istitle, METH_NOARGS,
-     _Py_istitle__doc__},
-    {"isupper", (PyCFunction)stringlib_isupper, METH_NOARGS,
-     _Py_isupper__doc__},
-    {"join", (PyCFunction)bytes_join, METH_O, join_doc},
-    {"ljust", (PyCFunction)stringlib_ljust, METH_VARARGS, ljust__doc__},
-    {"lower", (PyCFunction)stringlib_lower, METH_NOARGS, _Py_lower__doc__},
-    {"lstrip", (PyCFunction)bytes_lstrip, METH_VARARGS, lstrip__doc__},
-    {"partition", (PyCFunction)bytes_partition, METH_O, partition__doc__},
-    {"pop", (PyCFunction)bytes_pop, METH_VARARGS, pop__doc__},
-    {"remove", (PyCFunction)bytes_remove, METH_O, remove__doc__},
-    {"replace", (PyCFunction)bytes_replace, METH_VARARGS, replace__doc__},
-    {"reverse", (PyCFunction)bytes_reverse, METH_NOARGS, reverse__doc__},
-    {"rfind", (PyCFunction)bytes_rfind, METH_VARARGS, rfind__doc__},
-    {"rindex", (PyCFunction)bytes_rindex, METH_VARARGS, rindex__doc__},
-    {"rjust", (PyCFunction)stringlib_rjust, METH_VARARGS, rjust__doc__},
-    {"rpartition", (PyCFunction)bytes_rpartition, METH_O, rpartition__doc__},
-    {"rsplit", (PyCFunction)bytes_rsplit, METH_VARARGS, rsplit__doc__},
-    {"rstrip", (PyCFunction)bytes_rstrip, METH_VARARGS, rstrip__doc__},
-    {"split", (PyCFunction)bytes_split, METH_VARARGS, split__doc__},
-    {"splitlines", (PyCFunction)stringlib_splitlines, METH_VARARGS,
-     splitlines__doc__},
-    {"startswith", (PyCFunction)bytes_startswith, METH_VARARGS ,
-     startswith__doc__},
-    {"strip", (PyCFunction)bytes_strip, METH_VARARGS, strip__doc__},
-    {"swapcase", (PyCFunction)stringlib_swapcase, METH_NOARGS,
-     _Py_swapcase__doc__},
-    {"title", (PyCFunction)stringlib_title, METH_NOARGS, _Py_title__doc__},
-    {"translate", (PyCFunction)bytes_translate, METH_VARARGS,
-     translate__doc__},
-    {"upper", (PyCFunction)stringlib_upper, METH_NOARGS, _Py_upper__doc__},
-    {"zfill", (PyCFunction)stringlib_zfill, METH_VARARGS, zfill__doc__},
-    {NULL}
+PyTypeObject PyBaseString_Type = {
+       PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+       "basestring",
+       0,
+       0,
+       0,                                      /* tp_dealloc */
+       0,                                      /* tp_print */
+       0,                                      /* tp_getattr */
+       0,                                      /* tp_setattr */
+       0,                                      /* tp_compare */
+       0,                                      /* tp_repr */
+       0,                                      /* tp_as_number */
+       0,                                      /* tp_as_sequence */
+       0,                                      /* tp_as_mapping */
+       0,                                      /* tp_hash */
+       0,                                      /* tp_call */
+       0,                                      /* tp_str */
+       0,                                      /* tp_getattro */
+       0,                                      /* tp_setattro */
+       0,                                      /* tp_as_buffer */
+       Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, /* tp_flags */
+       basestring_doc,                         /* tp_doc */
+       0,                                      /* tp_traverse */
+       0,                                      /* tp_clear */
+       0,                                      /* tp_richcompare */
+       0,                                      /* tp_weaklistoffset */
+       0,                                      /* tp_iter */
+       0,                                      /* tp_iternext */
+       0,                                      /* tp_methods */
+       0,                                      /* tp_members */
+       0,                                      /* tp_getset */
+       &PyBaseObject_Type,                     /* tp_base */
+       0,                                      /* tp_dict */
+       0,                                      /* tp_descr_get */
+       0,                                      /* tp_descr_set */
+       0,                                      /* tp_dictoffset */
+       0,                                      /* tp_init */
+       0,                                      /* tp_alloc */
+       basestring_new,                         /* tp_new */
+       0,                                      /* tp_free */
 };
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(bytes_doc,
-"bytearray(iterable_of_ints) -> bytearray.\n\
-bytearray(string, encoding[, errors]) -> bytearray.\n\
-bytearray(bytes_or_bytearray) -> mutable copy of bytes_or_bytearray.\n\
-bytearray(memory_view) -> bytearray.\n\
-\n\
-Construct an mutable bytearray object from:\n\
-  - an iterable yielding integers in range(256)\n\
-  - a text string encoded using the specified encoding\n\
-  - a bytes or a bytearray object\n\
-  - any object implementing the buffer API.\n\
+PyDoc_STRVAR(string_doc,
+"str(object) -> string\n\
 \n\
-bytearray(int) -> bytearray.\n\
-\n\
-Construct a zero-initialized bytearray of the given length.");
-
-
-static PyObject *bytes_iter(PyObject *seq);
-
-PyTypeObject PyByteArray_Type = {
-    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
-    "bytearray",
-    sizeof(PyByteArrayObject),
-    0,
-    (destructor)bytes_dealloc,          /* tp_dealloc */
-    0,                                  /* tp_print */
-    0,                                  /* tp_getattr */
-    0,                                  /* tp_setattr */
-    0,                                  /* tp_compare */
-    (reprfunc)bytes_repr,               /* tp_repr */
-    0,                                  /* tp_as_number */
-    &bytes_as_sequence,                 /* tp_as_sequence */
-    &bytes_as_mapping,                  /* tp_as_mapping */
-    0,                                  /* tp_hash */
-    0,                                  /* tp_call */
-    bytes_str,                          /* tp_str */
-    PyObject_GenericGetAttr,            /* tp_getattro */
-    0,                                  /* tp_setattro */
-    &bytes_as_buffer,                   /* tp_as_buffer */
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE |
-    Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_NEWBUFFER,          /* tp_flags */
-    bytes_doc,                          /* tp_doc */
-    0,                                  /* tp_traverse */
-    0,                                  /* tp_clear */
-    (richcmpfunc)bytes_richcompare,     /* tp_richcompare */
-    0,                                  /* tp_weaklistoffset */
-    bytes_iter,                         /* tp_iter */
-    0,                                  /* tp_iternext */
-    bytes_methods,                      /* tp_methods */
-    0,                                  /* tp_members */
-    0,                                  /* tp_getset */
-    0,                                  /* tp_base */
-    0,                                  /* tp_dict */
-    0,                                  /* tp_descr_get */
-    0,                                  /* tp_descr_set */
-    0,                                  /* tp_dictoffset */
-    (initproc)bytes_init,               /* tp_init */
-    PyType_GenericAlloc,                /* tp_alloc */
-    PyType_GenericNew,                  /* tp_new */
-    PyObject_Del,                       /* tp_free */
+Return a nice string representation of the object.\n\
+If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object.");
+
+PyTypeObject PyBytes_Type = {
+       PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+       "str",
+       sizeof(PyBytesObject),
+       sizeof(char),
+       string_dealloc,                         /* tp_dealloc */
+       (printfunc)string_print,                /* tp_print */
+       0,                                      /* tp_getattr */
+       0,                                      /* tp_setattr */
+       0,                                      /* tp_compare */
+       string_repr,                            /* tp_repr */
+       &string_as_number,                      /* tp_as_number */
+       &string_as_sequence,                    /* tp_as_sequence */
+       &string_as_mapping,                     /* tp_as_mapping */
+       (hashfunc)string_hash,                  /* tp_hash */
+       0,                                      /* tp_call */
+       string_str,                             /* tp_str */
+       PyObject_GenericGetAttr,                /* tp_getattro */
+       0,                                      /* tp_setattro */
+       &string_as_buffer,                      /* tp_as_buffer */
+       Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES |
+               Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_STRING_SUBCLASS |
+               Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_NEWBUFFER,      /* tp_flags */
+       string_doc,                             /* tp_doc */
+       0,                                      /* tp_traverse */
+       0,                                      /* tp_clear */
+       (richcmpfunc)string_richcompare,        /* tp_richcompare */
+       0,                                      /* tp_weaklistoffset */
+       0,                                      /* tp_iter */
+       0,                                      /* tp_iternext */
+       string_methods,                         /* tp_methods */
+       0,                                      /* tp_members */
+       0,                                      /* tp_getset */
+       &PyBaseString_Type,                     /* tp_base */
+       0,                                      /* tp_dict */
+       0,                                      /* tp_descr_get */
+       0,                                      /* tp_descr_set */
+       0,                                      /* tp_dictoffset */
+       0,                                      /* tp_init */
+       0,                                      /* tp_alloc */
+       string_new,                             /* tp_new */
+       PyObject_Del,                           /* tp_free */
 };
 
-/*********************** Bytes Iterator ****************************/
+void
+PyBytes_Concat(register PyObject **pv, register PyObject *w)
+{
+       register PyObject *v;
+       if (*pv == NULL)
+               return;
+       if (w == NULL || !PyBytes_Check(*pv)) {
+               Py_DECREF(*pv);
+               *pv = NULL;
+               return;
+       }
+       v = string_concat((PyBytesObject *) *pv, w);
+       Py_DECREF(*pv);
+       *pv = v;
+}
+
+void
+PyBytes_ConcatAndDel(register PyObject **pv, register PyObject *w)
+{
+       PyBytes_Concat(pv, w);
+       Py_XDECREF(w);
+}
+
 
-typedef struct {
-    PyObject_HEAD
-    Py_ssize_t it_index;
-    PyByteArrayObject *it_seq; /* Set to NULL when iterator is exhausted */
-} bytesiterobject;
+/* The following function breaks the notion that strings are immutable:
+   it changes the size of a string.  We get away with this only if there
+   is only one module referencing the object.  You can also think of it
+   as creating a new string object and destroying the old one, only
+   more efficiently.  In any case, don't use this if the string may
+   already be known to some other part of the code...
+   Note that if there's not enough memory to resize the string, the original
+   string object at *pv is deallocated, *pv is set to NULL, an "out of
+   memory" exception is set, and -1 is returned.  Else (on success) 0 is
+   returned, and the value in *pv may or may not be the same as on input.
+   As always, an extra byte is allocated for a trailing \0 byte (newsize
+   does *not* include that), and a trailing \0 byte is stored.
+*/
 
-static void
-bytesiter_dealloc(bytesiterobject *it)
+int
+_PyBytes_Resize(PyObject **pv, Py_ssize_t newsize)
 {
-    _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(it);
-    Py_XDECREF(it->it_seq);
-    PyObject_GC_Del(it);
+       register PyObject *v;
+       register PyBytesObject *sv;
+       v = *pv;
+       if (!PyBytes_Check(v) || Py_REFCNT(v) != 1 || newsize < 0 ||
+           PyBytes_CHECK_INTERNED(v)) {
+               *pv = 0;
+               Py_DECREF(v);
+               PyErr_BadInternalCall();
+               return -1;
+       }
+       /* XXX UNREF/NEWREF interface should be more symmetrical */
+       _Py_DEC_REFTOTAL;
+       _Py_ForgetReference(v);
+       *pv = (PyObject *)
+               PyObject_REALLOC((char *)v, sizeof(PyBytesObject) + newsize);
+       if (*pv == NULL) {
+               PyObject_Del(v);
+               PyErr_NoMemory();
+               return -1;
+       }
+       _Py_NewReference(*pv);
+       sv = (PyBytesObject *) *pv;
+       Py_SIZE(sv) = newsize;
+       sv->ob_sval[newsize] = '\0';
+       sv->ob_shash = -1;      /* invalidate cached hash value */
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-bytesiter_traverse(bytesiterobject *it, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+/* Helpers for formatstring */
+
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
+getnextarg(PyObject *args, Py_ssize_t arglen, Py_ssize_t *p_argidx)
 {
-    Py_VISIT(it->it_seq);
-    return 0;
+       Py_ssize_t argidx = *p_argidx;
+       if (argidx < arglen) {
+               (*p_argidx)++;
+               if (arglen < 0)
+                       return args;
+               else
+                       return PyTuple_GetItem(args, argidx);
+       }
+       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                       "not enough arguments for format string");
+       return NULL;
 }
 
-static PyObject *
-bytesiter_next(bytesiterobject *it)
+/* Format codes
+ * F_LJUST     '-'
+ * F_SIGN      '+'
+ * F_BLANK     ' '
+ * F_ALT       '#'
+ * F_ZERO      '0'
+ */
+#define F_LJUST (1<<0)
+#define F_SIGN (1<<1)
+#define F_BLANK (1<<2)
+#define F_ALT  (1<<3)
+#define F_ZERO (1<<4)
+
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(int)
+formatfloat(char *buf, size_t buflen, int flags,
+            int prec, int type, PyObject *v)
 {
-    PyByteArrayObject *seq;
-    PyObject *item;
+       /* fmt = '%#.' + `prec` + `type`
+          worst case length = 3 + 10 (len of INT_MAX) + 1 = 14 (use 20)*/
+       char fmt[20];
+       double x;
+       x = PyFloat_AsDouble(v);
+       if (x == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+               PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "float argument required, "
+                            "not %.200s", Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
+               return -1;
+       }
+       if (prec < 0)
+               prec = 6;
+       if (type == 'f' && fabs(x)/1e25 >= 1e25)
+               type = 'g';
+       /* Worst case length calc to ensure no buffer overrun:
+
+          'g' formats:
+            fmt = %#.<prec>g
+            buf = '-' + [0-9]*prec + '.' + 'e+' + (longest exp
+               for any double rep.)
+            len = 1 + prec + 1 + 2 + 5 = 9 + prec
+
+          'f' formats:
+            buf = '-' + [0-9]*x + '.' + [0-9]*prec (with x < 50)
+            len = 1 + 50 + 1 + prec = 52 + prec
+
+          If prec=0 the effective precision is 1 (the leading digit is
+          always given), therefore increase the length by one.
+
+       */
+       if (((type == 'g' || type == 'G') &&
+              buflen <= (size_t)10 + (size_t)prec) ||
+           (type == 'f' && buflen <= (size_t)53 + (size_t)prec)) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                       "formatted float is too long (precision too large?)");
+               return -1;
+       }
+       PyOS_snprintf(fmt, sizeof(fmt), "%%%s.%d%c",
+                     (flags&F_ALT) ? "#" : "",
+                     prec, type);
+        PyOS_ascii_formatd(buf, buflen, fmt, x);
+       return (int)strlen(buf);
+}
 
-    assert(it != NULL);
-    seq = it->it_seq;
-    if (seq == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-    assert(PyByteArray_Check(seq));
-
-    if (it->it_index < PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
-        item = PyInt_FromLong(
-            (unsigned char)seq->ob_bytes[it->it_index]);
-        if (item != NULL)
-            ++it->it_index;
-        return item;
-    }
+/* _PyBytes_FormatLong emulates the format codes d, u, o, x and X, and
+ * the F_ALT flag, for Python's long (unbounded) ints.  It's not used for
+ * Python's regular ints.
+ * Return value:  a new PyString*, or NULL if error.
+ *  .  *pbuf is set to point into it,
+ *     *plen set to the # of chars following that.
+ *     Caller must decref it when done using pbuf.
+ *     The string starting at *pbuf is of the form
+ *         "-"? ("0x" | "0X")? digit+
+ *     "0x"/"0X" are present only for x and X conversions, with F_ALT
+ *         set in flags.  The case of hex digits will be correct,
+ *     There will be at least prec digits, zero-filled on the left if
+ *         necessary to get that many.
+ * val         object to be converted
+ * flags       bitmask of format flags; only F_ALT is looked at
+ * prec                minimum number of digits; 0-fill on left if needed
+ * type                a character in [duoxX]; u acts the same as d
+ *
+ * CAUTION:  o, x and X conversions on regular ints can never
+ * produce a '-' sign, but can for Python's unbounded ints.
+ */
+PyObject*
+_PyBytes_FormatLong(PyObject *val, int flags, int prec, int type,
+                    char **pbuf, int *plen)
+{
+       PyObject *result = NULL;
+       char *buf;
+       Py_ssize_t i;
+       int sign;       /* 1 if '-', else 0 */
+       int len;        /* number of characters */
+       Py_ssize_t llen;
+       int numdigits;  /* len == numnondigits + numdigits */
+       int numnondigits = 0;
+
+       switch (type) {
+       case 'd':
+       case 'u':
+               result = Py_TYPE(val)->tp_str(val);
+               break;
+       case 'o':
+               result = Py_TYPE(val)->tp_as_number->nb_oct(val);
+               break;
+       case 'x':
+       case 'X':
+               numnondigits = 2;
+               result = Py_TYPE(val)->tp_as_number->nb_hex(val);
+               break;
+       default:
+               assert(!"'type' not in [duoxX]");
+       }
+       if (!result)
+               return NULL;
+
+       buf = PyBytes_AsString(result);
+       if (!buf) {
+               Py_DECREF(result);
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       /* To modify the string in-place, there can only be one reference. */
+       if (Py_REFCNT(result) != 1) {
+               PyErr_BadInternalCall();
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       llen = PyBytes_Size(result);
+       if (llen > INT_MAX) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "string too large in _PyBytes_FormatLong");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       len = (int)llen;
+       if (buf[len-1] == 'L') {
+               --len;
+               buf[len] = '\0';
+       }
+       sign = buf[0] == '-';
+       numnondigits += sign;
+       numdigits = len - numnondigits;
+       assert(numdigits > 0);
+
+       /* Get rid of base marker unless F_ALT */
+       if ((flags & F_ALT) == 0) {
+               /* Need to skip 0x, 0X or 0. */
+               int skipped = 0;
+               switch (type) {
+               case 'o':
+                       assert(buf[sign] == '0');
+                       /* If 0 is only digit, leave it alone. */
+                       if (numdigits > 1) {
+                               skipped = 1;
+                               --numdigits;
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case 'x':
+               case 'X':
+                       assert(buf[sign] == '0');
+                       assert(buf[sign + 1] == 'x');
+                       skipped = 2;
+                       numnondigits -= 2;
+                       break;
+               }
+               if (skipped) {
+                       buf += skipped;
+                       len -= skipped;
+                       if (sign)
+                               buf[0] = '-';
+               }
+               assert(len == numnondigits + numdigits);
+               assert(numdigits > 0);
+       }
+
+       /* Fill with leading zeroes to meet minimum width. */
+       if (prec > numdigits) {
+               PyObject *r1 = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL,
+                                       numnondigits + prec);
+               char *b1;
+               if (!r1) {
+                       Py_DECREF(result);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+               b1 = PyBytes_AS_STRING(r1);
+               for (i = 0; i < numnondigits; ++i)
+                       *b1++ = *buf++;
+               for (i = 0; i < prec - numdigits; i++)
+                       *b1++ = '0';
+               for (i = 0; i < numdigits; i++)
+                       *b1++ = *buf++;
+               *b1 = '\0';
+               Py_DECREF(result);
+               result = r1;
+               buf = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
+               len = numnondigits + prec;
+       }
+
+       /* Fix up case for hex conversions. */
+       if (type == 'X') {
+               /* Need to convert all lower case letters to upper case.
+                  and need to convert 0x to 0X (and -0x to -0X). */
+               for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+                       if (buf[i] >= 'a' && buf[i] <= 'x')
+                               buf[i] -= 'a'-'A';
+       }
+       *pbuf = buf;
+       *plen = len;
+       return result;
+}
 
-    Py_DECREF(seq);
-    it->it_seq = NULL;
-    return NULL;
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(int)
+formatint(char *buf, size_t buflen, int flags,
+          int prec, int type, PyObject *v)
+{
+       /* fmt = '%#.' + `prec` + 'l' + `type`
+          worst case length = 3 + 19 (worst len of INT_MAX on 64-bit machine)
+          + 1 + 1 = 24 */
+       char fmt[64];   /* plenty big enough! */
+       char *sign;
+       long x;
+
+       x = PyInt_AsLong(v);
+       if (x == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+               PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "int argument required, not %.200s",
+                            Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
+               return -1;
+       }
+       if (x < 0 && type == 'u') {
+               type = 'd';
+       }
+       if (x < 0 && (type == 'x' || type == 'X' || type == 'o'))
+               sign = "-";
+       else
+               sign = "";
+       if (prec < 0)
+               prec = 1;
+
+       if ((flags & F_ALT) &&
+           (type == 'x' || type == 'X')) {
+               /* When converting under %#x or %#X, there are a number
+                * of issues that cause pain:
+                * - when 0 is being converted, the C standard leaves off
+                *   the '0x' or '0X', which is inconsistent with other
+                *   %#x/%#X conversions and inconsistent with Python's
+                *   hex() function
+                * - there are platforms that violate the standard and
+                *   convert 0 with the '0x' or '0X'
+                *   (Metrowerks, Compaq Tru64)
+                * - there are platforms that give '0x' when converting
+                *   under %#X, but convert 0 in accordance with the
+                *   standard (OS/2 EMX)
+                *
+                * We can achieve the desired consistency by inserting our
+                * own '0x' or '0X' prefix, and substituting %x/%X in place
+                * of %#x/%#X.
+                *
+                * Note that this is the same approach as used in
+                * formatint() in unicodeobject.c
+                */
+               PyOS_snprintf(fmt, sizeof(fmt), "%s0%c%%.%dl%c",
+                             sign, type, prec, type);
+       }
+       else {
+               PyOS_snprintf(fmt, sizeof(fmt), "%s%%%s.%dl%c",
+                             sign, (flags&F_ALT) ? "#" : "",
+                             prec, type);
+       }
+
+       /* buf = '+'/'-'/'' + '0'/'0x'/'' + '[0-9]'*max(prec, len(x in octal))
+        * worst case buf = '-0x' + [0-9]*prec, where prec >= 11
+        */
+       if (buflen <= 14 || buflen <= (size_t)3 + (size_t)prec) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                   "formatted integer is too long (precision too large?)");
+               return -1;
+       }
+       if (sign[0])
+               PyOS_snprintf(buf, buflen, fmt, -x);
+       else
+               PyOS_snprintf(buf, buflen, fmt, x);
+       return (int)strlen(buf);
 }
 
-static PyObject *
-bytesiter_length_hint(bytesiterobject *it)
+Py_LOCAL_INLINE(int)
+formatchar(char *buf, size_t buflen, PyObject *v)
 {
-    Py_ssize_t len = 0;
-    if (it->it_seq)
-        len = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(it->it_seq) - it->it_index;
-    return PyInt_FromSsize_t(len);
+       /* presume that the buffer is at least 2 characters long */
+       if (PyBytes_Check(v)) {
+               if (!PyArg_Parse(v, "c;%c requires int or char", &buf[0]))
+                       return -1;
+       }
+       else {
+               if (!PyArg_Parse(v, "b;%c requires int or char", &buf[0]))
+                       return -1;
+       }
+       buf[1] = '\0';
+       return 1;
 }
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(length_hint_doc,
-    "Private method returning an estimate of len(list(it)).");
+/* fmt%(v1,v2,...) is roughly equivalent to sprintf(fmt, v1, v2, ...)
 
-static PyMethodDef bytesiter_methods[] = {
-    {"__length_hint__", (PyCFunction)bytesiter_length_hint, METH_NOARGS,
-     length_hint_doc},
-    {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
-};
+   FORMATBUFLEN is the length of the buffer in which the floats, ints, &
+   chars are formatted. XXX This is a magic number. Each formatting
+   routine does bounds checking to ensure no overflow, but a better
+   solution may be to malloc a buffer of appropriate size for each
+   format. For now, the current solution is sufficient.
+*/
+#define FORMATBUFLEN (size_t)120
 
-PyTypeObject PyByteArrayIter_Type = {
-    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
-    "bytearray_iterator",              /* tp_name */
-    sizeof(bytesiterobject),           /* tp_basicsize */
-    0,                                 /* tp_itemsize */
-    /* methods */
-    (destructor)bytesiter_dealloc,     /* tp_dealloc */
-    0,                                 /* tp_print */
-    0,                                 /* tp_getattr */
-    0,                                 /* tp_setattr */
-    0,                                 /* tp_compare */
-    0,                                 /* tp_repr */
-    0,                                 /* tp_as_number */
-    0,                                 /* tp_as_sequence */
-    0,                                 /* tp_as_mapping */
-    0,                                 /* tp_hash */
-    0,                                 /* tp_call */
-    0,                                 /* tp_str */
-    PyObject_GenericGetAttr,           /* tp_getattro */
-    0,                                 /* tp_setattro */
-    0,                                 /* tp_as_buffer */
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC, /* tp_flags */
-    0,                                 /* tp_doc */
-    (traverseproc)bytesiter_traverse,  /* tp_traverse */
-    0,                                 /* tp_clear */
-    0,                                 /* tp_richcompare */
-    0,                                 /* tp_weaklistoffset */
-    PyObject_SelfIter,                 /* tp_iter */
-    (iternextfunc)bytesiter_next,      /* tp_iternext */
-    bytesiter_methods,                 /* tp_methods */
-    0,
-};
+PyObject *
+PyBytes_Format(PyObject *format, PyObject *args)
+{
+       char *fmt, *res;
+       Py_ssize_t arglen, argidx;
+       Py_ssize_t reslen, rescnt, fmtcnt;
+       int args_owned = 0;
+       PyObject *result, *orig_args;
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+       PyObject *v, *w;
+#endif
+       PyObject *dict = NULL;
+       if (format == NULL || !PyBytes_Check(format) || args == NULL) {
+               PyErr_BadInternalCall();
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       orig_args = args;
+       fmt = PyBytes_AS_STRING(format);
+       fmtcnt = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(format);
+       reslen = rescnt = fmtcnt + 100;
+       result = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, reslen);
+       if (result == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+       res = PyBytes_AsString(result);
+       if (PyTuple_Check(args)) {
+               arglen = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
+               argidx = 0;
+       }
+       else {
+               arglen = -1;
+               argidx = -2;
+       }
+       if (Py_TYPE(args)->tp_as_mapping && !PyTuple_Check(args) &&
+           !PyObject_TypeCheck(args, &PyBaseString_Type))
+               dict = args;
+       while (--fmtcnt >= 0) {
+               if (*fmt != '%') {
+                       if (--rescnt < 0) {
+                               rescnt = fmtcnt + 100;
+                               reslen += rescnt;
+                               if (_PyBytes_Resize(&result, reslen) < 0)
+                                       return NULL;
+                               res = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result)
+                                       + reslen - rescnt;
+                               --rescnt;
+                       }
+                       *res++ = *fmt++;
+               }
+               else {
+                       /* Got a format specifier */
+                       int flags = 0;
+                       Py_ssize_t width = -1;
+                       int prec = -1;
+                       int c = '\0';
+                       int fill;
+                       int isnumok;
+                       PyObject *v = NULL;
+                       PyObject *temp = NULL;
+                       char *pbuf;
+                       int sign;
+                       Py_ssize_t len;
+                       char formatbuf[FORMATBUFLEN];
+                            /* For format{float,int,char}() */
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+                       char *fmt_start = fmt;
+                       Py_ssize_t argidx_start = argidx;
+#endif
 
-static PyObject *
-bytes_iter(PyObject *seq)
+                       fmt++;
+                       if (*fmt == '(') {
+                               char *keystart;
+                               Py_ssize_t keylen;
+                               PyObject *key;
+                               int pcount = 1;
+
+                               if (dict == NULL) {
+                                       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                                                "format requires a mapping");
+                                       goto error;
+                               }
+                               ++fmt;
+                               --fmtcnt;
+                               keystart = fmt;
+                               /* Skip over balanced parentheses */
+                               while (pcount > 0 && --fmtcnt >= 0) {
+                                       if (*fmt == ')')
+                                               --pcount;
+                                       else if (*fmt == '(')
+                                               ++pcount;
+                                       fmt++;
+                               }
+                               keylen = fmt - keystart - 1;
+                               if (fmtcnt < 0 || pcount > 0) {
+                                       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                                                  "incomplete format key");
+                                       goto error;
+                               }
+                               key = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(keystart,
+                                                                keylen);
+                               if (key == NULL)
+                                       goto error;
+                               if (args_owned) {
+                                       Py_DECREF(args);
+                                       args_owned = 0;
+                               }
+                               args = PyObject_GetItem(dict, key);
+                               Py_DECREF(key);
+                               if (args == NULL) {
+                                       goto error;
+                               }
+                               args_owned = 1;
+                               arglen = -1;
+                               argidx = -2;
+                       }
+                       while (--fmtcnt >= 0) {
+                               switch (c = *fmt++) {
+                               case '-': flags |= F_LJUST; continue;
+                               case '+': flags |= F_SIGN; continue;
+                               case ' ': flags |= F_BLANK; continue;
+                               case '#': flags |= F_ALT; continue;
+                               case '0': flags |= F_ZERO; continue;
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (c == '*') {
+                               v = getnextarg(args, arglen, &argidx);
+                               if (v == NULL)
+                                       goto error;
+                               if (!PyInt_Check(v)) {
+                                       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                                                       "* wants int");
+                                       goto error;
+                               }
+                               width = PyInt_AsLong(v);
+                               if (width < 0) {
+                                       flags |= F_LJUST;
+                                       width = -width;
+                               }
+                               if (--fmtcnt >= 0)
+                                       c = *fmt++;
+                       }
+                       else if (c >= 0 && isdigit(c)) {
+                               width = c - '0';
+                               while (--fmtcnt >= 0) {
+                                       c = Py_CHARMASK(*fmt++);
+                                       if (!isdigit(c))
+                                               break;
+                                       if ((width*10) / 10 != width) {
+                                               PyErr_SetString(
+                                                       PyExc_ValueError,
+                                                       "width too big");
+                                               goto error;
+                                       }
+                                       width = width*10 + (c - '0');
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if (c == '.') {
+                               prec = 0;
+                               if (--fmtcnt >= 0)
+                                       c = *fmt++;
+                               if (c == '*') {
+                                       v = getnextarg(args, arglen, &argidx);
+                                       if (v == NULL)
+                                               goto error;
+                                       if (!PyInt_Check(v)) {
+                                               PyErr_SetString(
+                                                       PyExc_TypeError,
+                                                       "* wants int");
+                                               goto error;
+                                       }
+                                       prec = PyInt_AsLong(v);
+                                       if (prec < 0)
+                                               prec = 0;
+                                       if (--fmtcnt >= 0)
+                                               c = *fmt++;
+                               }
+                               else if (c >= 0 && isdigit(c)) {
+                                       prec = c - '0';
+                                       while (--fmtcnt >= 0) {
+                                               c = Py_CHARMASK(*fmt++);
+                                               if (!isdigit(c))
+                                                       break;
+                                               if ((prec*10) / 10 != prec) {
+                                                       PyErr_SetString(
+                                                           PyExc_ValueError,
+                                                           "prec too big");
+                                                       goto error;
+                                               }
+                                               prec = prec*10 + (c - '0');
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       } /* prec */
+                       if (fmtcnt >= 0) {
+                               if (c == 'h' || c == 'l' || c == 'L') {
+                                       if (--fmtcnt >= 0)
+                                               c = *fmt++;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if (fmtcnt < 0) {
+                               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                                               "incomplete format");
+                               goto error;
+                       }
+                       if (c != '%') {
+                               v = getnextarg(args, arglen, &argidx);
+                               if (v == NULL)
+                                       goto error;
+                       }
+                       sign = 0;
+                       fill = ' ';
+                       switch (c) {
+                       case '%':
+                               pbuf = "%";
+                               len = 1;
+                               break;
+                       case 's':
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+                               if (PyUnicode_Check(v)) {
+                                       fmt = fmt_start;
+                                       argidx = argidx_start;
+                                       goto unicode;
+                               }
+#endif
+                               temp = _PyObject_Str(v);
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+                               if (temp != NULL && PyUnicode_Check(temp)) {
+                                       Py_DECREF(temp);
+                                       fmt = fmt_start;
+                                       argidx = argidx_start;
+                                       goto unicode;
+                               }
+#endif
+                               /* Fall through */
+                       case 'r':
+                               if (c == 'r')
+                                       temp = PyObject_Repr(v);
+                               if (temp == NULL)
+                                       goto error;
+                               if (!PyBytes_Check(temp)) {
+                                       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                                         "%s argument has non-string str()");
+                                       Py_DECREF(temp);
+                                       goto error;
+                               }
+                               pbuf = PyBytes_AS_STRING(temp);
+                               len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(temp);
+                               if (prec >= 0 && len > prec)
+                                       len = prec;
+                               break;
+                       case 'i':
+                       case 'd':
+                       case 'u':
+                       case 'o':
+                       case 'x':
+                       case 'X':
+                               if (c == 'i')
+                                       c = 'd';
+                               isnumok = 0;
+                               if (PyNumber_Check(v)) {
+                                       PyObject *iobj=NULL;
+
+                                       if (PyInt_Check(v) || (PyLong_Check(v))) {
+                                               iobj = v;
+                                               Py_INCREF(iobj);
+                                       }
+                                       else {
+                                               iobj = PyNumber_Int(v);
+                                               if (iobj==NULL) iobj = PyNumber_Long(v);
+                                       }
+                                       if (iobj!=NULL) {
+                                               if (PyInt_Check(iobj)) {
+                                                       isnumok = 1;
+                                                       pbuf = formatbuf;
+                                                       len = formatint(pbuf,
+                                                                       sizeof(formatbuf),
+                                                                       flags, prec, c, iobj);
+                                                       Py_DECREF(iobj);
+                                                       if (len < 0)
+                                                               goto error;
+                                                       sign = 1;
+                                               }
+                                               else if (PyLong_Check(iobj)) {
+                                                       int ilen;
+                                                       
+                                                       isnumok = 1;
+                                                       temp = _PyBytes_FormatLong(iobj, flags,
+                                                               prec, c, &pbuf, &ilen);
+                                                       Py_DECREF(iobj);
+                                                       len = ilen;
+                                                       if (!temp)
+                                                               goto error;
+                                                       sign = 1;
+                                               }
+                                               else {
+                                                       Py_DECREF(iobj);
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               if (!isnumok) {
+                                       PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, 
+                                           "%%%c format: a number is required, "
+                                           "not %.200s", c, Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
+                                       goto error;
+                               }
+                               if (flags & F_ZERO)
+                                       fill = '0';
+                               break;
+                       case 'e':
+                       case 'E':
+                       case 'f':
+                       case 'F':
+                       case 'g':
+                       case 'G':
+                               if (c == 'F')
+                                       c = 'f';
+                               pbuf = formatbuf;
+                               len = formatfloat(pbuf, sizeof(formatbuf),
+                                                 flags, prec, c, v);
+                               if (len < 0)
+                                       goto error;
+                               sign = 1;
+                               if (flags & F_ZERO)
+                                       fill = '0';
+                               break;
+                       case 'c':
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+                               if (PyUnicode_Check(v)) {
+                                       fmt = fmt_start;
+                                       argidx = argidx_start;
+                                       goto unicode;
+                               }
+#endif
+                               pbuf = formatbuf;
+                               len = formatchar(pbuf, sizeof(formatbuf), v);
+                               if (len < 0)
+                                       goto error;
+                               break;
+                       default:
+                               PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                                 "unsupported format character '%c' (0x%x) "
+                                 "at index %zd",
+                                 c, c,
+                                 (Py_ssize_t)(fmt - 1 -
+                                              PyBytes_AsString(format)));
+                               goto error;
+                       }
+                       if (sign) {
+                               if (*pbuf == '-' || *pbuf == '+') {
+                                       sign = *pbuf++;
+                                       len--;
+                               }
+                               else if (flags & F_SIGN)
+                                       sign = '+';
+                               else if (flags & F_BLANK)
+                                       sign = ' ';
+                               else
+                                       sign = 0;
+                       }
+                       if (width < len)
+                               width = len;
+                       if (rescnt - (sign != 0) < width) {
+                               reslen -= rescnt;
+                               rescnt = width + fmtcnt + 100;
+                               reslen += rescnt;
+                               if (reslen < 0) {
+                                       Py_DECREF(result);
+                                       Py_XDECREF(temp);
+                                       return PyErr_NoMemory();
+                               }
+                               if (_PyBytes_Resize(&result, reslen) < 0) {
+                                       Py_XDECREF(temp);
+                                       return NULL;
+                               }
+                               res = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result)
+                                       + reslen - rescnt;
+                       }
+                       if (sign) {
+                               if (fill != ' ')
+                                       *res++ = sign;
+                               rescnt--;
+                               if (width > len)
+                                       width--;
+                       }
+                       if ((flags & F_ALT) && (c == 'x' || c == 'X')) {
+                               assert(pbuf[0] == '0');
+                               assert(pbuf[1] == c);
+                               if (fill != ' ') {
+                                       *res++ = *pbuf++;
+                                       *res++ = *pbuf++;
+                               }
+                               rescnt -= 2;
+                               width -= 2;
+                               if (width < 0)
+                                       width = 0;
+                               len -= 2;
+                       }
+                       if (width > len && !(flags & F_LJUST)) {
+                               do {
+                                       --rescnt;
+                                       *res++ = fill;
+                               } while (--width > len);
+                       }
+                       if (fill == ' ') {
+                               if (sign)
+                                       *res++ = sign;
+                               if ((flags & F_ALT) &&
+                                   (c == 'x' || c == 'X')) {
+                                       assert(pbuf[0] == '0');
+                                       assert(pbuf[1] == c);
+                                       *res++ = *pbuf++;
+                                       *res++ = *pbuf++;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       Py_MEMCPY(res, pbuf, len);
+                       res += len;
+                       rescnt -= len;
+                       while (--width >= len) {
+                               --rescnt;
+                               *res++ = ' ';
+                       }
+                        if (dict && (argidx < arglen) && c != '%') {
+                                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                                           "not all arguments converted during string formatting");
+                                Py_XDECREF(temp);
+                                goto error;
+                        }
+                       Py_XDECREF(temp);
+               } /* '%' */
+       } /* until end */
+       if (argidx < arglen && !dict) {
+               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                               "not all arguments converted during string formatting");
+               goto error;
+       }
+       if (args_owned) {
+               Py_DECREF(args);
+       }
+       _PyBytes_Resize(&result, reslen - rescnt);
+       return result;
+
+#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
+ unicode:
+       if (args_owned) {
+               Py_DECREF(args);
+               args_owned = 0;
+       }
+       /* Fiddle args right (remove the first argidx arguments) */
+       if (PyTuple_Check(orig_args) && argidx > 0) {
+               PyObject *v;
+               Py_ssize_t n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(orig_args) - argidx;
+               v = PyTuple_New(n);
+               if (v == NULL)
+                       goto error;
+               while (--n >= 0) {
+                       PyObject *w = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(orig_args, n + argidx);
+                       Py_INCREF(w);
+                       PyTuple_SET_ITEM(v, n, w);
+               }
+               args = v;
+       } else {
+               Py_INCREF(orig_args);
+               args = orig_args;
+       }
+       args_owned = 1;
+       /* Take what we have of the result and let the Unicode formatting
+          function format the rest of the input. */
+       rescnt = res - PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
+       if (_PyBytes_Resize(&result, rescnt))
+               goto error;
+       fmtcnt = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(format) - \
+                (fmt - PyBytes_AS_STRING(format));
+       format = PyUnicode_Decode(fmt, fmtcnt, NULL, NULL);
+       if (format == NULL)
+               goto error;
+       v = PyUnicode_Format(format, args);
+       Py_DECREF(format);
+       if (v == NULL)
+               goto error;
+       /* Paste what we have (result) to what the Unicode formatting
+          function returned (v) and return the result (or error) */
+       w = PyUnicode_Concat(result, v);
+       Py_DECREF(result);
+       Py_DECREF(v);
+       Py_DECREF(args);
+       return w;
+#endif /* Py_USING_UNICODE */
+
+ error:
+       Py_DECREF(result);
+       if (args_owned) {
+               Py_DECREF(args);
+       }
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+void
+PyBytes_InternInPlace(PyObject **p)
 {
-    bytesiterobject *it;
+       register PyBytesObject *s = (PyBytesObject *)(*p);
+       PyObject *t;
+       if (s == NULL || !PyBytes_Check(s))
+               Py_FatalError("PyBytes_InternInPlace: strings only please!");
+       /* If it's a string subclass, we don't really know what putting
+          it in the interned dict might do. */
+       if (!PyBytes_CheckExact(s))
+               return;
+       if (PyBytes_CHECK_INTERNED(s))
+               return;
+       if (interned == NULL) {
+               interned = PyDict_New();
+               if (interned == NULL) {
+                       PyErr_Clear(); /* Don't leave an exception */
+                       return;
+               }
+       }
+       t = PyDict_GetItem(interned, (PyObject *)s);
+       if (t) {
+               Py_INCREF(t);
+               Py_DECREF(*p);
+               *p = t;
+               return;
+       }
+
+       if (PyDict_SetItem(interned, (PyObject *)s, (PyObject *)s) < 0) {
+               PyErr_Clear();
+               return;
+       }
+       /* The two references in interned are not counted by refcnt.
+          The string deallocator will take care of this */
+       Py_REFCNT(s) -= 2;
+       PyBytes_CHECK_INTERNED(s) = SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL;
+}
 
-    if (!PyByteArray_Check(seq)) {
-        PyErr_BadInternalCall();
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    it = PyObject_GC_New(bytesiterobject, &PyByteArrayIter_Type);
-    if (it == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-    it->it_index = 0;
-    Py_INCREF(seq);
-    it->it_seq = (PyByteArrayObject *)seq;
-    _PyObject_GC_TRACK(it);
-    return (PyObject *)it;
+void
+PyBytes_InternImmortal(PyObject **p)
+{
+       PyBytes_InternInPlace(p);
+       if (PyBytes_CHECK_INTERNED(*p) != SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL) {
+               PyBytes_CHECK_INTERNED(*p) = SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL;
+               Py_INCREF(*p);
+       }
+}
+
+
+PyObject *
+PyBytes_InternFromString(const char *cp)
+{
+       PyObject *s = PyBytes_FromString(cp);
+       if (s == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+       PyBytes_InternInPlace(&s);
+       return s;
+}
+
+void
+PyBytes_Fini(void)
+{
+       int i;
+       for (i = 0; i < UCHAR_MAX + 1; i++) {
+               Py_XDECREF(characters[i]);
+               characters[i] = NULL;
+       }
+       Py_XDECREF(nullstring);
+       nullstring = NULL;
+}
+
+void _Py_ReleaseInternedStrings(void)
+{
+       PyObject *keys;
+       PyBytesObject *s;
+       Py_ssize_t i, n;
+       Py_ssize_t immortal_size = 0, mortal_size = 0;
+
+       if (interned == NULL || !PyDict_Check(interned))
+               return;
+       keys = PyDict_Keys(interned);
+       if (keys == NULL || !PyList_Check(keys)) {
+               PyErr_Clear();
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* Since _Py_ReleaseInternedStrings() is intended to help a leak
+          detector, interned strings are not forcibly deallocated; rather, we
+          give them their stolen references back, and then clear and DECREF
+          the interned dict. */
+
+       n = PyList_GET_SIZE(keys);
+       fprintf(stderr, "releasing %" PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T "d interned strings\n",
+               n);
+       for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+               s = (PyBytesObject *) PyList_GET_ITEM(keys, i);
+               switch (s->ob_sstate) {
+               case SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED:
+                       /* XXX Shouldn't happen */
+                       break;
+               case SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL:
+                       Py_REFCNT(s) += 1;
+                       immortal_size += Py_SIZE(s);
+                       break;
+               case SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL:
+                       Py_REFCNT(s) += 2;
+                       mortal_size += Py_SIZE(s);
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       Py_FatalError("Inconsistent interned string state.");
+               }
+               s->ob_sstate = SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED;
+       }
+       fprintf(stderr, "total size of all interned strings: "
+                       "%" PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T "d/%" PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T "d "
+                       "mortal/immortal\n", mortal_size, immortal_size);
+       Py_DECREF(keys);
+       PyDict_Clear(interned);
+       Py_DECREF(interned);
+       interned = NULL;
 }
diff --git a/Objects/stringobject.c b/Objects/stringobject.c
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index 0f4d4c3..0000000
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5176 +0,0 @@
-/* String object implementation */
-
-#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
-
-#include "Python.h"
-
-#include "formatter_string.h"
-
-#include <ctype.h>
-
-#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
-int null_strings, one_strings;
-#endif
-
-static PyBytesObject *characters[UCHAR_MAX + 1];
-static PyBytesObject *nullstring;
-
-/* This dictionary holds all interned strings.  Note that references to
-   strings in this dictionary are *not* counted in the string's ob_refcnt.
-   When the interned string reaches a refcnt of 0 the string deallocation
-   function will delete the reference from this dictionary.
-
-   Another way to look at this is that to say that the actual reference
-   count of a string is:  s->ob_refcnt + (s->ob_sstate?2:0)
-*/
-static PyObject *interned;
-
-/*
-   For both PyBytes_FromString() and PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(), the
-   parameter `size' denotes number of characters to allocate, not counting any
-   null terminating character.
-
-   For PyBytes_FromString(), the parameter `str' points to a null-terminated
-   string containing exactly `size' bytes.
-
-   For PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(), the parameter the parameter `str' is
-   either NULL or else points to a string containing at least `size' bytes.
-   For PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(), the string in the `str' parameter does
-   not have to be null-terminated.  (Therefore it is safe to construct a
-   substring by calling `PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(origstring, substrlen)'.)
-   If `str' is NULL then PyBytes_FromStringAndSize() will allocate `size+1'
-   bytes (setting the last byte to the null terminating character) and you can
-   fill in the data yourself.  If `str' is non-NULL then the resulting
-   PyString object must be treated as immutable and you must not fill in nor
-   alter the data yourself, since the strings may be shared.
-
-   The PyObject member `op->ob_size', which denotes the number of "extra
-   items" in a variable-size object, will contain the number of bytes
-   allocated for string data, not counting the null terminating character.  It
-   is therefore equal to the equal to the `size' parameter (for
-   PyBytes_FromStringAndSize()) or the length of the string in the `str'
-   parameter (for PyBytes_FromString()).
-*/
-PyObject *
-PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(const char *str, Py_ssize_t size)
-{
-       register PyBytesObject *op;
-       if (size < 0) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
-                   "Negative size passed to PyBytes_FromStringAndSize");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       if (size == 0 && (op = nullstring) != NULL) {
-#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
-               null_strings++;
-#endif
-               Py_INCREF(op);
-               return (PyObject *)op;
-       }
-       if (size == 1 && str != NULL &&
-           (op = characters[*str & UCHAR_MAX]) != NULL)
-       {
-#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
-               one_strings++;
-#endif
-               Py_INCREF(op);
-               return (PyObject *)op;
-       }
-
-       /* Inline PyObject_NewVar */
-       op = (PyBytesObject *)PyObject_MALLOC(sizeof(PyBytesObject) + size);
-       if (op == NULL)
-               return PyErr_NoMemory();
-       PyObject_INIT_VAR(op, &PyBytes_Type, size);
-       op->ob_shash = -1;
-       op->ob_sstate = SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED;
-       if (str != NULL)
-               Py_MEMCPY(op->ob_sval, str, size);
-       op->ob_sval[size] = '\0';
-       /* share short strings */
-       if (size == 0) {
-               PyObject *t = (PyObject *)op;
-               PyBytes_InternInPlace(&t);
-               op = (PyBytesObject *)t;
-               nullstring = op;
-               Py_INCREF(op);
-       } else if (size == 1 && str != NULL) {
-               PyObject *t = (PyObject *)op;
-               PyBytes_InternInPlace(&t);
-               op = (PyBytesObject *)t;
-               characters[*str & UCHAR_MAX] = op;
-               Py_INCREF(op);
-       }
-       return (PyObject *) op;
-}
-
-PyObject *
-PyBytes_FromString(const char *str)
-{
-       register size_t size;
-       register PyBytesObject *op;
-
-       assert(str != NULL);
-       size = strlen(str);
-       if (size > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-                       "string is too long for a Python string");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       if (size == 0 && (op = nullstring) != NULL) {
-#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
-               null_strings++;
-#endif
-               Py_INCREF(op);
-               return (PyObject *)op;
-       }
-       if (size == 1 && (op = characters[*str & UCHAR_MAX]) != NULL) {
-#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
-               one_strings++;
-#endif
-               Py_INCREF(op);
-               return (PyObject *)op;
-       }
-
-       /* Inline PyObject_NewVar */
-       op = (PyBytesObject *)PyObject_MALLOC(sizeof(PyBytesObject) + size);
-       if (op == NULL)
-               return PyErr_NoMemory();
-       PyObject_INIT_VAR(op, &PyBytes_Type, size);
-       op->ob_shash = -1;
-       op->ob_sstate = SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED;
-       Py_MEMCPY(op->ob_sval, str, size+1);
-       /* share short strings */
-       if (size == 0) {
-               PyObject *t = (PyObject *)op;
-               PyBytes_InternInPlace(&t);
-               op = (PyBytesObject *)t;
-               nullstring = op;
-               Py_INCREF(op);
-       } else if (size == 1) {
-               PyObject *t = (PyObject *)op;
-               PyBytes_InternInPlace(&t);
-               op = (PyBytesObject *)t;
-               characters[*str & UCHAR_MAX] = op;
-               Py_INCREF(op);
-       }
-       return (PyObject *) op;
-}
-
-PyObject *
-PyBytes_FromFormatV(const char *format, va_list vargs)
-{
-       va_list count;
-       Py_ssize_t n = 0;
-       const char* f;
-       char *s;
-       PyObject* string;
-
-#ifdef VA_LIST_IS_ARRAY
-       Py_MEMCPY(count, vargs, sizeof(va_list));
-#else
-#ifdef  __va_copy
-       __va_copy(count, vargs);
-#else
-       count = vargs;
-#endif
-#endif
-       /* step 1: figure out how large a buffer we need */
-       for (f = format; *f; f++) {
-               if (*f == '%') {
-                       const char* p = f;
-                       while (*++f && *f != '%' && !isalpha(Py_CHARMASK(*f)))
-                               ;
-
-                       /* skip the 'l' or 'z' in {%ld, %zd, %lu, %zu} since
-                        * they don't affect the amount of space we reserve.
-                        */
-                       if ((*f == 'l' || *f == 'z') &&
-                                       (f[1] == 'd' || f[1] == 'u'))
-                               ++f;
-
-                       switch (*f) {
-                       case 'c':
-                               (void)va_arg(count, int);
-                               /* fall through... */
-                       case '%':
-                               n++;
-                               break;
-                       case 'd': case 'u': case 'i': case 'x':
-                               (void) va_arg(count, int);
-                               /* 20 bytes is enough to hold a 64-bit
-                                  integer.  Decimal takes the most space.
-                                  This isn't enough for octal. */
-                               n += 20;
-                               break;
-                       case 's':
-                               s = va_arg(count, char*);
-                               n += strlen(s);
-                               break;
-                       case 'p':
-                               (void) va_arg(count, int);
-                               /* maximum 64-bit pointer representation:
-                                * 0xffffffffffffffff
-                                * so 19 characters is enough.
-                                * XXX I count 18 -- what's the extra for?
-                                */
-                               n += 19;
-                               break;
-                       default:
-                               /* if we stumble upon an unknown
-                                  formatting code, copy the rest of
-                                  the format string to the output
-                                  string. (we cannot just skip the
-                                  code, since there's no way to know
-                                  what's in the argument list) */
-                               n += strlen(p);
-                               goto expand;
-                       }
-               } else
-                       n++;
-       }
- expand:
-       /* step 2: fill the buffer */
-       /* Since we've analyzed how much space we need for the worst case,
-          use sprintf directly instead of the slower PyOS_snprintf. */
-       string = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, n);
-       if (!string)
-               return NULL;
-
-       s = PyBytes_AsString(string);
-
-       for (f = format; *f; f++) {
-               if (*f == '%') {
-                       const char* p = f++;
-                       Py_ssize_t i;
-                       int longflag = 0;
-                       int size_tflag = 0;
-                       /* parse the width.precision part (we're only
-                          interested in the precision value, if any) */
-                       n = 0;
-                       while (isdigit(Py_CHARMASK(*f)))
-                               n = (n*10) + *f++ - '0';
-                       if (*f == '.') {
-                               f++;
-                               n = 0;
-                               while (isdigit(Py_CHARMASK(*f)))
-                                       n = (n*10) + *f++ - '0';
-                       }
-                       while (*f && *f != '%' && !isalpha(Py_CHARMASK(*f)))
-                               f++;
-                       /* handle the long flag, but only for %ld and %lu.
-                          others can be added when necessary. */
-                       if (*f == 'l' && (f[1] == 'd' || f[1] == 'u')) {
-                               longflag = 1;
-                               ++f;
-                       }
-                       /* handle the size_t flag. */
-                       if (*f == 'z' && (f[1] == 'd' || f[1] == 'u')) {
-                               size_tflag = 1;
-                               ++f;
-                       }
-
-                       switch (*f) {
-                       case 'c':
-                               *s++ = va_arg(vargs, int);
-                               break;
-                       case 'd':
-                               if (longflag)
-                                       sprintf(s, "%ld", va_arg(vargs, long));
-                               else if (size_tflag)
-                                       sprintf(s, "%" PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T "d",
-                                               va_arg(vargs, Py_ssize_t));
-                               else
-                                       sprintf(s, "%d", va_arg(vargs, int));
-                               s += strlen(s);
-                               break;
-                       case 'u':
-                               if (longflag)
-                                       sprintf(s, "%lu",
-                                               va_arg(vargs, unsigned long));
-                               else if (size_tflag)
-                                       sprintf(s, "%" PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T "u",
-                                               va_arg(vargs, size_t));
-                               else
-                                       sprintf(s, "%u",
-                                               va_arg(vargs, unsigned int));
-                               s += strlen(s);
-                               break;
-                       case 'i':
-                               sprintf(s, "%i", va_arg(vargs, int));
-                               s += strlen(s);
-                               break;
-                       case 'x':
-                               sprintf(s, "%x", va_arg(vargs, int));
-                               s += strlen(s);
-                               break;
-                       case 's':
-                               p = va_arg(vargs, char*);
-                               i = strlen(p);
-                               if (n > 0 && i > n)
-                                       i = n;
-                               Py_MEMCPY(s, p, i);
-                               s += i;
-                               break;
-                       case 'p':
-                               sprintf(s, "%p", va_arg(vargs, void*));
-                               /* %p is ill-defined:  ensure leading 0x. */
-                               if (s[1] == 'X')
-                                       s[1] = 'x';
-                               else if (s[1] != 'x') {
-                                       memmove(s+2, s, strlen(s)+1);
-                                       s[0] = '0';
-                                       s[1] = 'x';
-                               }
-                               s += strlen(s);
-                               break;
-                       case '%':
-                               *s++ = '%';
-                               break;
-                       default:
-                               strcpy(s, p);
-                               s += strlen(s);
-                               goto end;
-                       }
-               } else
-                       *s++ = *f;
-       }
-
- end:
-       _PyBytes_Resize(&string, s - PyBytes_AS_STRING(string));
-       return string;
-}
-
-PyObject *
-PyBytes_FromFormat(const char *format, ...)
-{
-       PyObject* ret;
-       va_list vargs;
-
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-       va_start(vargs, format);
-#else
-       va_start(vargs);
-#endif
-       ret = PyBytes_FromFormatV(format, vargs);
-       va_end(vargs);
-       return ret;
-}
-
-
-PyObject *PyBytes_Decode(const char *s,
-                         Py_ssize_t size,
-                         const char *encoding,
-                         const char *errors)
-{
-    PyObject *v, *str;
-
-    str = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(s, size);
-    if (str == NULL)
-       return NULL;
-    v = PyBytes_AsDecodedString(str, encoding, errors);
-    Py_DECREF(str);
-    return v;
-}
-
-PyObject *PyBytes_AsDecodedObject(PyObject *str,
-                                  const char *encoding,
-                                  const char *errors)
-{
-    PyObject *v;
-
-    if (!PyBytes_Check(str)) {
-        PyErr_BadArgument();
-        goto onError;
-    }
-
-    if (encoding == NULL) {
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-       encoding = PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding();
-#else
-       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "no encoding specified");
-       goto onError;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    /* Decode via the codec registry */
-    v = PyCodec_Decode(str, encoding, errors);
-    if (v == NULL)
-        goto onError;
-
-    return v;
-
- onError:
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-PyObject *PyBytes_AsDecodedString(PyObject *str,
-                                  const char *encoding,
-                                  const char *errors)
-{
-    PyObject *v;
-
-    v = PyBytes_AsDecodedObject(str, encoding, errors);
-    if (v == NULL)
-        goto onError;
-
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-    /* Convert Unicode to a string using the default encoding */
-    if (PyUnicode_Check(v)) {
-       PyObject *temp = v;
-       v = PyUnicode_AsEncodedString(v, NULL, NULL);
-       Py_DECREF(temp);
-       if (v == NULL)
-           goto onError;
-    }
-#endif
-    if (!PyBytes_Check(v)) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                     "decoder did not return a string object (type=%.400s)",
-                     Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
-        Py_DECREF(v);
-        goto onError;
-    }
-
-    return v;
-
- onError:
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-PyObject *PyBytes_Encode(const char *s,
-                         Py_ssize_t size,
-                         const char *encoding,
-                         const char *errors)
-{
-    PyObject *v, *str;
-
-    str = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(s, size);
-    if (str == NULL)
-       return NULL;
-    v = PyBytes_AsEncodedString(str, encoding, errors);
-    Py_DECREF(str);
-    return v;
-}
-
-PyObject *PyBytes_AsEncodedObject(PyObject *str,
-                                  const char *encoding,
-                                  const char *errors)
-{
-    PyObject *v;
-
-    if (!PyBytes_Check(str)) {
-        PyErr_BadArgument();
-        goto onError;
-    }
-
-    if (encoding == NULL) {
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-       encoding = PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding();
-#else
-       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "no encoding specified");
-       goto onError;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    /* Encode via the codec registry */
-    v = PyCodec_Encode(str, encoding, errors);
-    if (v == NULL)
-        goto onError;
-
-    return v;
-
- onError:
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-PyObject *PyBytes_AsEncodedString(PyObject *str,
-                                  const char *encoding,
-                                  const char *errors)
-{
-    PyObject *v;
-
-    v = PyBytes_AsEncodedObject(str, encoding, errors);
-    if (v == NULL)
-        goto onError;
-
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-    /* Convert Unicode to a string using the default encoding */
-    if (PyUnicode_Check(v)) {
-       PyObject *temp = v;
-       v = PyUnicode_AsEncodedString(v, NULL, NULL);
-       Py_DECREF(temp);
-       if (v == NULL)
-           goto onError;
-    }
-#endif
-    if (!PyBytes_Check(v)) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                     "encoder did not return a string object (type=%.400s)",
-                     Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
-        Py_DECREF(v);
-        goto onError;
-    }
-
-    return v;
-
- onError:
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-static void
-string_dealloc(PyObject *op)
-{
-       switch (PyBytes_CHECK_INTERNED(op)) {
-               case SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED:
-                       break;
-
-               case SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL:
-                       /* revive dead object temporarily for DelItem */
-                       Py_REFCNT(op) = 3;
-                       if (PyDict_DelItem(interned, op) != 0)
-                               Py_FatalError(
-                                       "deletion of interned string failed");
-                       break;
-
-               case SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL:
-                       Py_FatalError("Immortal interned string died.");
-
-               default:
-                       Py_FatalError("Inconsistent interned string state.");
-       }
-       Py_TYPE(op)->tp_free(op);
-}
-
-/* Unescape a backslash-escaped string. If unicode is non-zero,
-   the string is a u-literal. If recode_encoding is non-zero,
-   the string is UTF-8 encoded and should be re-encoded in the
-   specified encoding.  */
-
-PyObject *PyBytes_DecodeEscape(const char *s,
-                               Py_ssize_t len,
-                               const char *errors,
-                               Py_ssize_t unicode,
-                               const char *recode_encoding)
-{
-       int c;
-       char *p, *buf;
-       const char *end;
-       PyObject *v;
-       Py_ssize_t newlen = recode_encoding ? 4*len:len;
-       v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, newlen);
-       if (v == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-       p = buf = PyBytes_AsString(v);
-       end = s + len;
-       while (s < end) {
-               if (*s != '\\') {
-                 non_esc:
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-                       if (recode_encoding && (*s & 0x80)) {
-                               PyObject *u, *w;
-                               char *r;
-                               const char* t;
-                               Py_ssize_t rn;
-                               t = s;
-                               /* Decode non-ASCII bytes as UTF-8. */
-                               while (t < end && (*t & 0x80)) t++;
-                               u = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(s, t - s, errors);
-                               if(!u) goto failed;
-
-                               /* Recode them in target encoding. */
-                               w = PyUnicode_AsEncodedString(
-                                       u, recode_encoding, errors);
-                               Py_DECREF(u);
-                               if (!w) goto failed;
-
-                               /* Append bytes to output buffer. */
-                               assert(PyBytes_Check(w));
-                               r = PyBytes_AS_STRING(w);
-                               rn = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(w);
-                               Py_MEMCPY(p, r, rn);
-                               p += rn;
-                               Py_DECREF(w);
-                               s = t;
-                       } else {
-                               *p++ = *s++;
-                       }
-#else
-                       *p++ = *s++;
-#endif
-                       continue;
-               }
-               s++;
-                if (s==end) {
-                       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                                       "Trailing \\ in string");
-                       goto failed;
-               }
-               switch (*s++) {
-               /* XXX This assumes ASCII! */
-               case '\n': break;
-               case '\\': *p++ = '\\'; break;
-               case '\'': *p++ = '\''; break;
-               case '\"': *p++ = '\"'; break;
-               case 'b': *p++ = '\b'; break;
-               case 'f': *p++ = '\014'; break; /* FF */
-               case 't': *p++ = '\t'; break;
-               case 'n': *p++ = '\n'; break;
-               case 'r': *p++ = '\r'; break;
-               case 'v': *p++ = '\013'; break; /* VT */
-               case 'a': *p++ = '\007'; break; /* BEL, not classic C */
-               case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
-               case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
-                       c = s[-1] - '0';
-                       if (s < end && '0' <= *s && *s <= '7') {
-                               c = (c<<3) + *s++ - '0';
-                               if (s < end && '0' <= *s && *s <= '7')
-                                       c = (c<<3) + *s++ - '0';
-                       }
-                       *p++ = c;
-                       break;
-               case 'x':
-                       if (s+1 < end &&
-                            isxdigit(Py_CHARMASK(s[0])) &&
-                           isxdigit(Py_CHARMASK(s[1])))
-                        {
-                               unsigned int x = 0;
-                               c = Py_CHARMASK(*s);
-                               s++;
-                               if (isdigit(c))
-                                       x = c - '0';
-                               else if (islower(c))
-                                       x = 10 + c - 'a';
-                               else
-                                       x = 10 + c - 'A';
-                               x = x << 4;
-                               c = Py_CHARMASK(*s);
-                               s++;
-                               if (isdigit(c))
-                                       x += c - '0';
-                               else if (islower(c))
-                                       x += 10 + c - 'a';
-                               else
-                                       x += 10 + c - 'A';
-                               *p++ = x;
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       if (!errors || strcmp(errors, "strict") == 0) {
-                               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                                               "invalid \\x escape");
-                               goto failed;
-                       }
-                       if (strcmp(errors, "replace") == 0) {
-                               *p++ = '?';
-                       } else if (strcmp(errors, "ignore") == 0)
-                               /* do nothing */;
-                       else {
-                               PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
-                                            "decoding error; "
-                                            "unknown error handling code: %.400s",
-                                            errors);
-                               goto failed;
-                       }
-#ifndef Py_USING_UNICODE
-               case 'u':
-               case 'U':
-               case 'N':
-                       if (unicode) {
-                               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                                         "Unicode escapes not legal "
-                                         "when Unicode disabled");
-                               goto failed;
-                       }
-#endif
-               default:
-                       *p++ = '\\';
-                       s--;
-                       goto non_esc; /* an arbitry number of unescaped
-                                        UTF-8 bytes may follow. */
-               }
-       }
-       if (p-buf < newlen)
-               _PyBytes_Resize(&v, p - buf);
-       return v;
-  failed:
-       Py_DECREF(v);
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-/* object api */
-
-static Py_ssize_t
-string_getsize(register PyObject *op)
-{
-       char *s;
-       Py_ssize_t len;
-       if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(op, &s, &len))
-               return -1;
-       return len;
-}
-
-static /*const*/ char *
-string_getbuffer(register PyObject *op)
-{
-       char *s;
-       Py_ssize_t len;
-       if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(op, &s, &len))
-               return NULL;
-       return s;
-}
-
-Py_ssize_t
-PyBytes_Size(register PyObject *op)
-{
-       if (!PyBytes_Check(op))
-               return string_getsize(op);
-       return Py_SIZE(op);
-}
-
-/*const*/ char *
-PyBytes_AsString(register PyObject *op)
-{
-       if (!PyBytes_Check(op))
-               return string_getbuffer(op);
-       return ((PyBytesObject *)op) -> ob_sval;
-}
-
-int
-PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(register PyObject *obj,
-                        register char **s,
-                        register Py_ssize_t *len)
-{
-       if (s == NULL) {
-               PyErr_BadInternalCall();
-               return -1;
-       }
-
-       if (!PyBytes_Check(obj)) {
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-               if (PyUnicode_Check(obj)) {
-                       obj = _PyUnicode_AsDefaultEncodedString(obj, NULL);
-                       if (obj == NULL)
-                               return -1;
-               }
-               else
-#endif
-               {
-                       PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                                    "expected string or Unicode object, "
-                                    "%.200s found", Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
-                       return -1;
-               }
-       }
-
-       *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(obj);
-       if (len != NULL)
-               *len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(obj);
-       else if (strlen(*s) != (size_t)PyBytes_GET_SIZE(obj)) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                               "expected string without null bytes");
-               return -1;
-       }
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-/* Methods */
-
-#include "stringlib/stringdefs.h"
-#include "stringlib/fastsearch.h"
-
-#include "stringlib/count.h"
-#include "stringlib/find.h"
-#include "stringlib/partition.h"
-
-#define _Py_InsertThousandsGrouping _PyBytes_InsertThousandsGrouping
-#include "stringlib/localeutil.h"
-
-
-
-static int
-string_print(PyBytesObject *op, FILE *fp, int flags)
-{
-       Py_ssize_t i, str_len;
-       char c;
-       int quote;
-
-       /* XXX Ought to check for interrupts when writing long strings */
-       if (! PyBytes_CheckExact(op)) {
-               int ret;
-               /* A str subclass may have its own __str__ method. */
-               op = (PyBytesObject *) PyObject_Str((PyObject *)op);
-               if (op == NULL)
-                       return -1;
-               ret = string_print(op, fp, flags);
-               Py_DECREF(op);
-               return ret;
-       }
-       if (flags & Py_PRINT_RAW) {
-               char *data = op->ob_sval;
-               Py_ssize_t size = Py_SIZE(op);
-               Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
-               while (size > INT_MAX) {
-                       /* Very long strings cannot be written atomically.
-                        * But don't write exactly INT_MAX bytes at a time
-                        * to avoid memory aligment issues.
-                        */
-                       const int chunk_size = INT_MAX & ~0x3FFF;
-                       fwrite(data, 1, chunk_size, fp);
-                       data += chunk_size;
-                       size -= chunk_size;
-               }
-#ifdef __VMS
-                if (size) fwrite(data, (int)size, 1, fp);
-#else
-                fwrite(data, 1, (int)size, fp);
-#endif
-               Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
-               return 0;
-       }
-
-       /* figure out which quote to use; single is preferred */
-       quote = '\'';
-       if (memchr(op->ob_sval, '\'', Py_SIZE(op)) &&
-           !memchr(op->ob_sval, '"', Py_SIZE(op)))
-               quote = '"';
-
-       str_len = Py_SIZE(op);
-       Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
-       fputc(quote, fp);
-       for (i = 0; i < str_len; i++) {
-               /* Since strings are immutable and the caller should have a
-               reference, accessing the interal buffer should not be an issue
-               with the GIL released. */
-               c = op->ob_sval[i];
-               if (c == quote || c == '\\')
-                       fprintf(fp, "\\%c", c);
-                else if (c == '\t')
-                        fprintf(fp, "\\t");
-                else if (c == '\n')
-                        fprintf(fp, "\\n");
-                else if (c == '\r')
-                        fprintf(fp, "\\r");
-               else if (c < ' ' || c >= 0x7f)
-                       fprintf(fp, "\\x%02x", c & 0xff);
-               else
-                       fputc(c, fp);
-       }
-       fputc(quote, fp);
-       Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
-       return 0;
-}
-
-PyObject *
-PyBytes_Repr(PyObject *obj, int smartquotes)
-{
-       register PyBytesObject* op = (PyBytesObject*) obj;
-       size_t newsize = 2 + 4 * Py_SIZE(op);
-       PyObject *v;
-       if (newsize > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX || newsize / 4 != Py_SIZE(op)) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-                       "string is too large to make repr");
-                return NULL;
-       }
-       v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, newsize);
-       if (v == NULL) {
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       else {
-               register Py_ssize_t i;
-               register char c;
-               register char *p;
-               int quote;
-
-               /* figure out which quote to use; single is preferred */
-               quote = '\'';
-               if (smartquotes &&
-                   memchr(op->ob_sval, '\'', Py_SIZE(op)) &&
-                   !memchr(op->ob_sval, '"', Py_SIZE(op)))
-                       quote = '"';
-
-               p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(v);
-               *p++ = quote;
-               for (i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(op); i++) {
-                       /* There's at least enough room for a hex escape
-                          and a closing quote. */
-                       assert(newsize - (p - PyBytes_AS_STRING(v)) >= 5);
-                       c = op->ob_sval[i];
-                       if (c == quote || c == '\\')
-                               *p++ = '\\', *p++ = c;
-                       else if (c == '\t')
-                               *p++ = '\\', *p++ = 't';
-                       else if (c == '\n')
-                               *p++ = '\\', *p++ = 'n';
-                       else if (c == '\r')
-                               *p++ = '\\', *p++ = 'r';
-                       else if (c < ' ' || c >= 0x7f) {
-                               /* For performance, we don't want to call
-                                  PyOS_snprintf here (extra layers of
-                                  function call). */
-                               sprintf(p, "\\x%02x", c & 0xff);
-                                p += 4;
-                       }
-                       else
-                               *p++ = c;
-               }
-               assert(newsize - (p - PyBytes_AS_STRING(v)) >= 1);
-               *p++ = quote;
-               *p = '\0';
-               _PyBytes_Resize(
-                       &v, (p - PyBytes_AS_STRING(v)));
-               return v;
-       }
-}
-
-static PyObject *
-string_repr(PyObject *op)
-{
-       return PyBytes_Repr(op, 1);
-}
-
-static PyObject *
-string_str(PyObject *s)
-{
-       assert(PyBytes_Check(s));
-       if (PyBytes_CheckExact(s)) {
-               Py_INCREF(s);
-               return s;
-       }
-       else {
-               /* Subtype -- return genuine string with the same value. */
-               PyBytesObject *t = (PyBytesObject *) s;
-               return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(t->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(t));
-       }
-}
-
-static Py_ssize_t
-string_length(PyBytesObject *a)
-{
-       return Py_SIZE(a);
-}
-
-static PyObject *
-string_concat(register PyBytesObject *a, register PyObject *bb)
-{
-       register Py_ssize_t size;
-       register PyBytesObject *op;
-       if (!PyBytes_Check(bb)) {
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-               if (PyUnicode_Check(bb))
-                   return PyUnicode_Concat((PyObject *)a, bb);
-#endif
-               if (PyByteArray_Check(bb))
-                   return PyByteArray_Concat((PyObject *)a, bb);
-               PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                            "cannot concatenate 'str' and '%.200s' objects",
-                            Py_TYPE(bb)->tp_name);
-               return NULL;
-       }
-#define b ((PyBytesObject *)bb)
-       /* Optimize cases with empty left or right operand */
-       if ((Py_SIZE(a) == 0 || Py_SIZE(b) == 0) &&
-           PyBytes_CheckExact(a) && PyBytes_CheckExact(b)) {
-               if (Py_SIZE(a) == 0) {
-                       Py_INCREF(bb);
-                       return bb;
-               }
-               Py_INCREF(a);
-               return (PyObject *)a;
-       }
-       size = Py_SIZE(a) + Py_SIZE(b);
-       if (size < 0) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-                               "strings are too large to concat");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-         
-       /* Inline PyObject_NewVar */
-       op = (PyBytesObject *)PyObject_MALLOC(sizeof(PyBytesObject) + size);
-       if (op == NULL)
-               return PyErr_NoMemory();
-       PyObject_INIT_VAR(op, &PyBytes_Type, size);
-       op->ob_shash = -1;
-       op->ob_sstate = SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED;
-       Py_MEMCPY(op->ob_sval, a->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(a));
-       Py_MEMCPY(op->ob_sval + Py_SIZE(a), b->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(b));
-       op->ob_sval[size] = '\0';
-       return (PyObject *) op;
-#undef b
-}
-
-static PyObject *
-string_repeat(register PyBytesObject *a, register Py_ssize_t n)
-{
-       register Py_ssize_t i;
-       register Py_ssize_t j;
-       register Py_ssize_t size;
-       register PyBytesObject *op;
-       size_t nbytes;
-       if (n < 0)
-               n = 0;
-       /* watch out for overflows:  the size can overflow int,
-        * and the # of bytes needed can overflow size_t
-        */
-       size = Py_SIZE(a) * n;
-       if (n && size / n != Py_SIZE(a)) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-                       "repeated string is too long");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       if (size == Py_SIZE(a) && PyBytes_CheckExact(a)) {
-               Py_INCREF(a);
-               return (PyObject *)a;
-       }
-       nbytes = (size_t)size;
-       if (nbytes + sizeof(PyBytesObject) <= nbytes) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-                       "repeated string is too long");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       op = (PyBytesObject *)
-               PyObject_MALLOC(sizeof(PyBytesObject) + nbytes);
-       if (op == NULL)
-               return PyErr_NoMemory();
-       PyObject_INIT_VAR(op, &PyBytes_Type, size);
-       op->ob_shash = -1;
-       op->ob_sstate = SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED;
-       op->ob_sval[size] = '\0';
-       if (Py_SIZE(a) == 1 && n > 0) {
-               memset(op->ob_sval, a->ob_sval[0] , n);
-               return (PyObject *) op;
-       }
-       i = 0;
-       if (i < size) {
-               Py_MEMCPY(op->ob_sval, a->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(a));
-               i = Py_SIZE(a);
-       }
-       while (i < size) {
-               j = (i <= size-i)  ?  i  :  size-i;
-               Py_MEMCPY(op->ob_sval+i, op->ob_sval, j);
-               i += j;
-       }
-       return (PyObject *) op;
-}
-
-/* String slice a[i:j] consists of characters a[i] ... a[j-1] */
-
-static PyObject *
-string_slice(register PyBytesObject *a, register Py_ssize_t i,
-            register Py_ssize_t j)
-     /* j -- may be negative! */
-{
-       if (i < 0)
-               i = 0;
-       if (j < 0)
-               j = 0; /* Avoid signed/unsigned bug in next line */
-       if (j > Py_SIZE(a))
-               j = Py_SIZE(a);
-       if (i == 0 && j == Py_SIZE(a) && PyBytes_CheckExact(a)) {
-               /* It's the same as a */
-               Py_INCREF(a);
-               return (PyObject *)a;
-       }
-       if (j < i)
-               j = i;
-       return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(a->ob_sval + i, j-i);
-}
-
-static int
-string_contains(PyObject *str_obj, PyObject *sub_obj)
-{
-       if (!PyBytes_CheckExact(sub_obj)) {
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-               if (PyUnicode_Check(sub_obj))
-                       return PyUnicode_Contains(str_obj, sub_obj);
-#endif
-               if (!PyBytes_Check(sub_obj)) {
-                       PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                           "'in <string>' requires string as left operand, "
-                           "not %.200s", Py_TYPE(sub_obj)->tp_name);
-                       return -1;
-               }
-       }
-
-       return stringlib_contains_obj(str_obj, sub_obj);
-}
-
-static PyObject *
-string_item(PyBytesObject *a, register Py_ssize_t i)
-{
-       char pchar;
-       PyObject *v;
-       if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(a)) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "string index out of range");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       pchar = a->ob_sval[i];
-       v = (PyObject *)characters[pchar & UCHAR_MAX];
-       if (v == NULL)
-               v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(&pchar, 1);
-       else {
-#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
-               one_strings++;
-#endif
-               Py_INCREF(v);
-       }
-       return v;
-}
-
-static PyObject*
-string_richcompare(PyBytesObject *a, PyBytesObject *b, int op)
-{
-       int c;
-       Py_ssize_t len_a, len_b;
-       Py_ssize_t min_len;
-       PyObject *result;
-
-       /* Make sure both arguments are strings. */
-       if (!(PyBytes_Check(a) && PyBytes_Check(b))) {
-               result = Py_NotImplemented;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       if (a == b) {
-               switch (op) {
-               case Py_EQ:case Py_LE:case Py_GE:
-                       result = Py_True;
-                       goto out;
-               case Py_NE:case Py_LT:case Py_GT:
-                       result = Py_False;
-                       goto out;
-               }
-       }
-       if (op == Py_EQ) {
-               /* Supporting Py_NE here as well does not save
-                  much time, since Py_NE is rarely used.  */
-               if (Py_SIZE(a) == Py_SIZE(b)
-                   && (a->ob_sval[0] == b->ob_sval[0]
-                       && memcmp(a->ob_sval, b->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(a)) == 0)) {
-                       result = Py_True;
-               } else {
-                       result = Py_False;
-               }
-               goto out;
-       }
-       len_a = Py_SIZE(a); len_b = Py_SIZE(b);
-       min_len = (len_a < len_b) ? len_a : len_b;
-       if (min_len > 0) {
-               c = Py_CHARMASK(*a->ob_sval) - Py_CHARMASK(*b->ob_sval);
-               if (c==0)
-                       c = memcmp(a->ob_sval, b->ob_sval, min_len);
-       } else
-               c = 0;
-       if (c == 0)
-               c = (len_a < len_b) ? -1 : (len_a > len_b) ? 1 : 0;
-       switch (op) {
-       case Py_LT: c = c <  0; break;
-       case Py_LE: c = c <= 0; break;
-       case Py_EQ: assert(0);  break; /* unreachable */
-       case Py_NE: c = c != 0; break;
-       case Py_GT: c = c >  0; break;
-       case Py_GE: c = c >= 0; break;
-       default:
-               result = Py_NotImplemented;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       result = c ? Py_True : Py_False;
-  out:
-       Py_INCREF(result);
-       return result;
-}
-
-int
-_PyBytes_Eq(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
-{
-       PyBytesObject *a = (PyBytesObject*) o1;
-       PyBytesObject *b = (PyBytesObject*) o2;
-        return Py_SIZE(a) == Py_SIZE(b)
-          && *a->ob_sval == *b->ob_sval
-          && memcmp(a->ob_sval, b->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(a)) == 0;
-}
-
-static long
-string_hash(PyBytesObject *a)
-{
-       register Py_ssize_t len;
-       register unsigned char *p;
-       register long x;
-
-       if (a->ob_shash != -1)
-               return a->ob_shash;
-       len = Py_SIZE(a);
-       p = (unsigned char *) a->ob_sval;
-       x = *p << 7;
-       while (--len >= 0)
-               x = (1000003*x) ^ *p++;
-       x ^= Py_SIZE(a);
-       if (x == -1)
-               x = -2;
-       a->ob_shash = x;
-       return x;
-}
-
-static PyObject*
-string_subscript(PyBytesObject* self, PyObject* item)
-{
-       if (PyIndex_Check(item)) {
-               Py_ssize_t i = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_IndexError);
-               if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
-                       return NULL;
-               if (i < 0)
-                       i += PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-               return string_item(self, i);
-       }
-       else if (PySlice_Check(item)) {
-               Py_ssize_t start, stop, step, slicelength, cur, i;
-               char* source_buf;
-               char* result_buf;
-               PyObject* result;
-
-               if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx((PySliceObject*)item,
-                                PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self),
-                                &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength) < 0) {
-                       return NULL;
-               }
-
-               if (slicelength <= 0) {
-                       return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize("", 0);
-               }
-               else if (start == 0 && step == 1 &&
-                        slicelength == PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) &&
-                        PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
-                       Py_INCREF(self);
-                       return (PyObject *)self;
-               }
-               else if (step == 1) {
-                       return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(
-                               PyBytes_AS_STRING(self) + start,
-                               slicelength);
-               }
-               else {
-                       source_buf = PyBytes_AsString((PyObject*)self);
-                       result_buf = (char *)PyMem_Malloc(slicelength);
-                       if (result_buf == NULL)
-                               return PyErr_NoMemory();
-
-                       for (cur = start, i = 0; i < slicelength;
-                            cur += step, i++) {
-                               result_buf[i] = source_buf[cur];
-                       }
-
-                       result = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(result_buf,
-                                                           slicelength);
-                       PyMem_Free(result_buf);
-                       return result;
-               }
-       }
-       else {
-               PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                            "string indices must be integers, not %.200s",
-                            Py_TYPE(item)->tp_name);
-               return NULL;
-       }
-}
-
-static Py_ssize_t
-string_buffer_getreadbuf(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t index, const void **ptr)
-{
-       if ( index != 0 ) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
-                               "accessing non-existent string segment");
-               return -1;
-       }
-       *ptr = (void *)self->ob_sval;
-       return Py_SIZE(self);
-}
-
-static Py_ssize_t
-string_buffer_getwritebuf(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t index, const void **ptr)
-{
-       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                       "Cannot use string as modifiable buffer");
-       return -1;
-}
-
-static Py_ssize_t
-string_buffer_getsegcount(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t *lenp)
-{
-       if ( lenp )
-               *lenp = Py_SIZE(self);
-       return 1;
-}
-
-static Py_ssize_t
-string_buffer_getcharbuf(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t index, const char **ptr)
-{
-       if ( index != 0 ) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
-                               "accessing non-existent string segment");
-               return -1;
-       }
-       *ptr = self->ob_sval;
-       return Py_SIZE(self);
-}
-
-static int
-string_buffer_getbuffer(PyBytesObject *self, Py_buffer *view, int flags)
-{
-       return PyBuffer_FillInfo(view, (void *)self->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(self),
-                                0, flags);
-}
-
-static PySequenceMethods string_as_sequence = {
-       (lenfunc)string_length, /*sq_length*/
-       (binaryfunc)string_concat, /*sq_concat*/
-       (ssizeargfunc)string_repeat, /*sq_repeat*/
-       (ssizeargfunc)string_item, /*sq_item*/
-       (ssizessizeargfunc)string_slice, /*sq_slice*/
-       0,              /*sq_ass_item*/
-       0,              /*sq_ass_slice*/
-       (objobjproc)string_contains /*sq_contains*/
-};
-
-static PyMappingMethods string_as_mapping = {
-       (lenfunc)string_length,
-       (binaryfunc)string_subscript,
-       0,
-};
-
-static PyBufferProcs string_as_buffer = {
-       (readbufferproc)string_buffer_getreadbuf,
-       (writebufferproc)string_buffer_getwritebuf,
-       (segcountproc)string_buffer_getsegcount,
-       (charbufferproc)string_buffer_getcharbuf,
-       (getbufferproc)string_buffer_getbuffer,
-       0, /* XXX */
-};
-
-
-\f
-#define LEFTSTRIP 0
-#define RIGHTSTRIP 1
-#define BOTHSTRIP 2
-
-/* Arrays indexed by above */
-static const char *stripformat[] = {"|O:lstrip", "|O:rstrip", "|O:strip"};
-
-#define STRIPNAME(i) (stripformat[i]+3)
-
-
-/* Don't call if length < 2 */
-#define Py_STRING_MATCH(target, offset, pattern, length)       \
-  (target[offset] == pattern[0] &&                             \
-   target[offset+length-1] == pattern[length-1] &&             \
-   !memcmp(target+offset+1, pattern+1, length-2) )
-
-
-/* Overallocate the initial list to reduce the number of reallocs for small
-   split sizes.  Eg, "A A A A A A A A A A".split() (10 elements) has three
-   resizes, to sizes 4, 8, then 16.  Most observed string splits are for human
-   text (roughly 11 words per line) and field delimited data (usually 1-10
-   fields).  For large strings the split algorithms are bandwidth limited
-   so increasing the preallocation likely will not improve things.*/
-
-#define MAX_PREALLOC 12
-
-/* 5 splits gives 6 elements */
-#define PREALLOC_SIZE(maxsplit) \
-       (maxsplit >= MAX_PREALLOC ? MAX_PREALLOC : maxsplit+1)
-
-#define SPLIT_APPEND(data, left, right)                                \
-       str = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((data) + (left),        \
-                                        (right) - (left));     \
-       if (str == NULL)                                        \
-               goto onError;                                   \
-       if (PyList_Append(list, str)) {                         \
-               Py_DECREF(str);                                 \
-               goto onError;                                   \
-       }                                                       \
-       else                                                    \
-               Py_DECREF(str);
-
-#define SPLIT_ADD(data, left, right) {                         \
-       str = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((data) + (left),        \
-                                        (right) - (left));     \
-       if (str == NULL)                                        \
-               goto onError;                                   \
-       if (count < MAX_PREALLOC) {                             \
-               PyList_SET_ITEM(list, count, str);              \
-       } else {                                                \
-               if (PyList_Append(list, str)) {                 \
-                       Py_DECREF(str);                         \
-                       goto onError;                           \
-               }                                               \
-               else                                            \
-                       Py_DECREF(str);                         \
-       }                                                       \
-       count++; }
-
-/* Always force the list to the expected size. */
-#define FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list) Py_SIZE(list) = count
-
-#define SKIP_SPACE(s, i, len)    { while (i<len &&  isspace(Py_CHARMASK(s[i]))) i++; }
-#define SKIP_NONSPACE(s, i, len) { while (i<len && !isspace(Py_CHARMASK(s[i]))) i++; }
-#define RSKIP_SPACE(s, i)        { while (i>=0  &&  isspace(Py_CHARMASK(s[i]))) i--; }
-#define RSKIP_NONSPACE(s, i)     { while (i>=0  && !isspace(Py_CHARMASK(s[i]))) i--; }
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
-split_whitespace(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t len, Py_ssize_t maxsplit)
-{
-       const char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-       Py_ssize_t i, j, count=0;
-       PyObject *str;
-       PyObject *list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxsplit));
-
-       if (list == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-
-       i = j = 0;
-
-       while (maxsplit-- > 0) {
-               SKIP_SPACE(s, i, len);
-               if (i==len) break;
-               j = i; i++;
-               SKIP_NONSPACE(s, i, len);
-               if (j == 0 && i == len && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
-                       /* No whitespace in self, so just use it as list[0] */
-                       Py_INCREF(self);
-                       PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 0, (PyObject *)self);
-                       count++;
-                       break;
-               }
-               SPLIT_ADD(s, j, i);
-       }
-
-       if (i < len) {
-               /* Only occurs when maxsplit was reached */
-               /* Skip any remaining whitespace and copy to end of string */
-               SKIP_SPACE(s, i, len);
-               if (i != len)
-                       SPLIT_ADD(s, i, len);
-       }
-       FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
-       return list;
-  onError:
-       Py_DECREF(list);
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
-split_char(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t len, char ch, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
-{
-       const char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-       register Py_ssize_t i, j, count=0;
-       PyObject *str;
-       PyObject *list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxcount));
-
-       if (list == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-
-       i = j = 0;
-       while ((j < len) && (maxcount-- > 0)) {
-               for(; j<len; j++) {
-                       /* I found that using memchr makes no difference */
-                       if (s[j] == ch) {
-                               SPLIT_ADD(s, i, j);
-                               i = j = j + 1;
-                               break;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       if (i == 0 && count == 0 && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
-               /* ch not in self, so just use self as list[0] */
-               Py_INCREF(self);
-               PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 0, (PyObject *)self);
-               count++;
-       }
-       else if (i <= len) {
-               SPLIT_ADD(s, i, len);
-       }
-       FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
-       return list;
-
-  onError:
-       Py_DECREF(list);
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(split__doc__,
-"S.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings\n\
-\n\
-Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the\n\
-delimiter string.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit\n\
-splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any\n\
-whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are removed\n\
-from the result.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_split(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-       Py_ssize_t len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self), n, i, j;
-       Py_ssize_t maxsplit = -1, count=0;
-       const char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), *sub;
-       PyObject *list, *str, *subobj = Py_None;
-#ifdef USE_FAST
-       Py_ssize_t pos;
-#endif
-
-       if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|On:split", &subobj, &maxsplit))
-               return NULL;
-       if (maxsplit < 0)
-               maxsplit = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
-       if (subobj == Py_None)
-               return split_whitespace(self, len, maxsplit);
-       if (PyBytes_Check(subobj)) {
-               sub = PyBytes_AS_STRING(subobj);
-               n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(subobj);
-       }
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-       else if (PyUnicode_Check(subobj))
-               return PyUnicode_Split((PyObject *)self, subobj, maxsplit);
-#endif
-       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(subobj, &sub, &n))
-               return NULL;
-
-       if (n == 0) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "empty separator");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       else if (n == 1)
-               return split_char(self, len, sub[0], maxsplit);
-
-       list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxsplit));
-       if (list == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-
-#ifdef USE_FAST
-       i = j = 0;
-       while (maxsplit-- > 0) {
-               pos = fastsearch(s+i, len-i, sub, n, FAST_SEARCH);
-               if (pos < 0)
-                       break;
-               j = i+pos;
-               SPLIT_ADD(s, i, j);
-               i = j + n;
-       }
-#else
-       i = j = 0;
-       while ((j+n <= len) && (maxsplit-- > 0)) {
-               for (; j+n <= len; j++) {
-                       if (Py_STRING_MATCH(s, j, sub, n)) {
-                               SPLIT_ADD(s, i, j);
-                               i = j = j + n;
-                               break;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-#endif
-       SPLIT_ADD(s, i, len);
-       FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
-       return list;
-
- onError:
-       Py_DECREF(list);
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(partition__doc__,
-"S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)\n\
-\n\
-Searches for the separator sep in S, and returns the part before it,\n\
-the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the separator is not\n\
-found, returns S and two empty strings.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_partition(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *sep_obj)
-{
-       const char *sep;
-       Py_ssize_t sep_len;
-
-       if (PyBytes_Check(sep_obj)) {
-               sep = PyBytes_AS_STRING(sep_obj);
-               sep_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(sep_obj);
-       }
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-       else if (PyUnicode_Check(sep_obj))
-               return PyUnicode_Partition((PyObject *) self, sep_obj);
-#endif
-       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(sep_obj, &sep, &sep_len))
-               return NULL;
-
-       return stringlib_partition(
-               (PyObject*) self,
-               PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self),
-               sep_obj, sep, sep_len
-               );
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(rpartition__doc__,
-"S.rpartition(sep) -> (tail, sep, head)\n\
-\n\
-Searches for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and returns\n\
-the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the\n\
-separator is not found, returns two empty strings and S.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_rpartition(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *sep_obj)
-{
-       const char *sep;
-       Py_ssize_t sep_len;
-
-       if (PyBytes_Check(sep_obj)) {
-               sep = PyBytes_AS_STRING(sep_obj);
-               sep_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(sep_obj);
-       }
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-       else if (PyUnicode_Check(sep_obj))
-               return PyUnicode_Partition((PyObject *) self, sep_obj);
-#endif
-       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(sep_obj, &sep, &sep_len))
-               return NULL;
-
-       return stringlib_rpartition(
-               (PyObject*) self,
-               PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self),
-               sep_obj, sep, sep_len
-               );
-}
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
-rsplit_whitespace(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t len, Py_ssize_t maxsplit)
-{
-       const char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-       Py_ssize_t i, j, count=0;
-       PyObject *str;
-       PyObject *list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxsplit));
-
-       if (list == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-
-       i = j = len-1;
-
-       while (maxsplit-- > 0) {
-               RSKIP_SPACE(s, i);
-               if (i<0) break;
-               j = i; i--;
-               RSKIP_NONSPACE(s, i);
-               if (j == len-1 && i < 0 && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
-                       /* No whitespace in self, so just use it as list[0] */
-                       Py_INCREF(self);
-                       PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 0, (PyObject *)self);
-                       count++;
-                       break;
-               }
-               SPLIT_ADD(s, i + 1, j + 1);
-       }
-       if (i >= 0) {
-               /* Only occurs when maxsplit was reached */
-               /* Skip any remaining whitespace and copy to beginning of string */
-               RSKIP_SPACE(s, i);
-               if (i >= 0)
-                       SPLIT_ADD(s, 0, i + 1);
-
-       }
-       FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
-       if (PyList_Reverse(list) < 0)
-               goto onError;
-       return list;
-  onError:
-       Py_DECREF(list);
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
-rsplit_char(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t len, char ch, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
-{
-       const char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-       register Py_ssize_t i, j, count=0;
-       PyObject *str;
-       PyObject *list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxcount));
-
-       if (list == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-
-       i = j = len - 1;
-       while ((i >= 0) && (maxcount-- > 0)) {
-               for (; i >= 0; i--) {
-                       if (s[i] == ch) {
-                               SPLIT_ADD(s, i + 1, j + 1);
-                               j = i = i - 1;
-                               break;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       if (i < 0 && count == 0 && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
-               /* ch not in self, so just use self as list[0] */
-               Py_INCREF(self);
-               PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 0, (PyObject *)self);
-               count++;
-       }
-       else if (j >= -1) {
-               SPLIT_ADD(s, 0, j + 1);
-       }
-       FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
-       if (PyList_Reverse(list) < 0)
-               goto onError;
-       return list;
-
- onError:
-       Py_DECREF(list);
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(rsplit__doc__,
-"S.rsplit([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings\n\
-\n\
-Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the\n\
-delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working\n\
-to the front.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are\n\
-done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string\n\
-is a separator.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_rsplit(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-       Py_ssize_t len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self), n, i, j;
-       Py_ssize_t maxsplit = -1, count=0;
-       const char *s, *sub;
-       PyObject *list, *str, *subobj = Py_None;
-
-       if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|On:rsplit", &subobj, &maxsplit))
-               return NULL;
-       if (maxsplit < 0)
-               maxsplit = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
-       if (subobj == Py_None)
-               return rsplit_whitespace(self, len, maxsplit);
-       if (PyBytes_Check(subobj)) {
-               sub = PyBytes_AS_STRING(subobj);
-               n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(subobj);
-       }
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-       else if (PyUnicode_Check(subobj))
-               return PyUnicode_RSplit((PyObject *)self, subobj, maxsplit);
-#endif
-       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(subobj, &sub, &n))
-               return NULL;
-
-       if (n == 0) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "empty separator");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       else if (n == 1)
-               return rsplit_char(self, len, sub[0], maxsplit);
-
-       list = PyList_New(PREALLOC_SIZE(maxsplit));
-       if (list == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-
-       j = len;
-       i = j - n;
-
-       s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-       while ( (i >= 0) && (maxsplit-- > 0) ) {
-               for (; i>=0; i--) {
-                       if (Py_STRING_MATCH(s, i, sub, n)) {
-                               SPLIT_ADD(s, i + n, j);
-                               j = i;
-                               i -= n;
-                               break;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       SPLIT_ADD(s, 0, j);
-       FIX_PREALLOC_SIZE(list);
-       if (PyList_Reverse(list) < 0)
-               goto onError;
-       return list;
-
-onError:
-       Py_DECREF(list);
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(join__doc__,
-"S.join(sequence) -> string\n\
-\n\
-Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the\n\
-sequence.  The separator between elements is S.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_join(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *orig)
-{
-       char *sep = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-       const Py_ssize_t seplen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-       PyObject *res = NULL;
-       char *p;
-       Py_ssize_t seqlen = 0;
-       size_t sz = 0;
-       Py_ssize_t i;
-       PyObject *seq, *item;
-
-       seq = PySequence_Fast(orig, "");
-       if (seq == NULL) {
-               return NULL;
-       }
-
-       seqlen = PySequence_Size(seq);
-       if (seqlen == 0) {
-               Py_DECREF(seq);
-               return PyBytes_FromString("");
-       }
-       if (seqlen == 1) {
-               item = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(seq, 0);
-               if (PyBytes_CheckExact(item) || PyUnicode_CheckExact(item)) {
-                       Py_INCREF(item);
-                       Py_DECREF(seq);
-                       return item;
-               }
-       }
-
-       /* There are at least two things to join, or else we have a subclass
-        * of the builtin types in the sequence.
-        * Do a pre-pass to figure out the total amount of space we'll
-        * need (sz), see whether any argument is absurd, and defer to
-        * the Unicode join if appropriate.
-        */
-       for (i = 0; i < seqlen; i++) {
-               const size_t old_sz = sz;
-               item = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(seq, i);
-               if (!PyBytes_Check(item)){
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-                       if (PyUnicode_Check(item)) {
-                               /* Defer to Unicode join.
-                                * CAUTION:  There's no gurantee that the
-                                * original sequence can be iterated over
-                                * again, so we must pass seq here.
-                                */
-                               PyObject *result;
-                               result = PyUnicode_Join((PyObject *)self, seq);
-                               Py_DECREF(seq);
-                               return result;
-                       }
-#endif
-                       PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                                    "sequence item %zd: expected string,"
-                                    " %.80s found",
-                                    i, Py_TYPE(item)->tp_name);
-                       Py_DECREF(seq);
-                       return NULL;
-               }
-               sz += PyBytes_GET_SIZE(item);
-               if (i != 0)
-                       sz += seplen;
-               if (sz < old_sz || sz > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX) {
-                       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-                               "join() result is too long for a Python string");
-                       Py_DECREF(seq);
-                       return NULL;
-               }
-       }
-
-       /* Allocate result space. */
-       res = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char*)NULL, sz);
-       if (res == NULL) {
-               Py_DECREF(seq);
-               return NULL;
-       }
-
-       /* Catenate everything. */
-       p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(res);
-       for (i = 0; i < seqlen; ++i) {
-               size_t n;
-               item = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(seq, i);
-               n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(item);
-               Py_MEMCPY(p, PyBytes_AS_STRING(item), n);
-               p += n;
-               if (i < seqlen - 1) {
-                       Py_MEMCPY(p, sep, seplen);
-                       p += seplen;
-               }
-       }
-
-       Py_DECREF(seq);
-       return res;
-}
-
-PyObject *
-_PyBytes_Join(PyObject *sep, PyObject *x)
-{
-       assert(sep != NULL && PyBytes_Check(sep));
-       assert(x != NULL);
-       return string_join((PyBytesObject *)sep, x);
-}
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(void)
-string_adjust_indices(Py_ssize_t *start, Py_ssize_t *end, Py_ssize_t len)
-{
-       if (*end > len)
-               *end = len;
-       else if (*end < 0)
-               *end += len;
-       if (*end < 0)
-               *end = 0;
-       if (*start < 0)
-               *start += len;
-       if (*start < 0)
-               *start = 0;
-}
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(Py_ssize_t)
-string_find_internal(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args, int dir)
-{
-       PyObject *subobj;
-       const char *sub;
-       Py_ssize_t sub_len;
-       Py_ssize_t start=0, end=PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
-       PyObject *obj_start=Py_None, *obj_end=Py_None;
-
-       if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|OO:find/rfind/index/rindex", &subobj,
-               &obj_start, &obj_end))
-               return -2;
-       /* To support None in "start" and "end" arguments, meaning
-          the same as if they were not passed.
-       */
-       if (obj_start != Py_None)
-               if (!_PyEval_SliceIndex(obj_start, &start))
-               return -2;
-       if (obj_end != Py_None)
-               if (!_PyEval_SliceIndex(obj_end, &end))
-               return -2;
-
-       if (PyBytes_Check(subobj)) {
-               sub = PyBytes_AS_STRING(subobj);
-               sub_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(subobj);
-       }
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-       else if (PyUnicode_Check(subobj))
-               return PyUnicode_Find(
-                       (PyObject *)self, subobj, start, end, dir);
-#endif
-       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(subobj, &sub, &sub_len))
-               /* XXX - the "expected a character buffer object" is pretty
-                  confusing for a non-expert.  remap to something else ? */
-               return -2;
-
-       if (dir > 0)
-               return stringlib_find_slice(
-                       PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self),
-                       sub, sub_len, start, end);
-       else
-               return stringlib_rfind_slice(
-                       PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self),
-                       sub, sub_len, start, end);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(find__doc__,
-"S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
-\n\
-Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,\n\
-such that sub is contained within s[start:end].  Optional\n\
-arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.\n\
-\n\
-Return -1 on failure.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_find(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-       Py_ssize_t result = string_find_internal(self, args, +1);
-       if (result == -2)
-               return NULL;
-       return PyInt_FromSsize_t(result);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(index__doc__,
-"S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
-\n\
-Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_index(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-       Py_ssize_t result = string_find_internal(self, args, +1);
-       if (result == -2)
-               return NULL;
-       if (result == -1) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                               "substring not found");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       return PyInt_FromSsize_t(result);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(rfind__doc__,
-"S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
-\n\
-Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,\n\
-such that sub is contained within s[start:end].  Optional\n\
-arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.\n\
-\n\
-Return -1 on failure.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_rfind(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-       Py_ssize_t result = string_find_internal(self, args, -1);
-       if (result == -2)
-               return NULL;
-       return PyInt_FromSsize_t(result);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(rindex__doc__,
-"S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\n\
-\n\
-Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_rindex(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-       Py_ssize_t result = string_find_internal(self, args, -1);
-       if (result == -2)
-               return NULL;
-       if (result == -1) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                               "substring not found");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       return PyInt_FromSsize_t(result);
-}
-
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
-do_xstrip(PyBytesObject *self, int striptype, PyObject *sepobj)
-{
-       char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-       Py_ssize_t len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-       char *sep = PyBytes_AS_STRING(sepobj);
-       Py_ssize_t seplen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(sepobj);
-       Py_ssize_t i, j;
-
-       i = 0;
-       if (striptype != RIGHTSTRIP) {
-               while (i < len && memchr(sep, Py_CHARMASK(s[i]), seplen)) {
-                       i++;
-               }
-       }
-
-       j = len;
-       if (striptype != LEFTSTRIP) {
-               do {
-                       j--;
-               } while (j >= i && memchr(sep, Py_CHARMASK(s[j]), seplen));
-               j++;
-       }
-
-       if (i == 0 && j == len && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
-               Py_INCREF(self);
-               return (PyObject*)self;
-       }
-       else
-               return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(s+i, j-i);
-}
-
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
-do_strip(PyBytesObject *self, int striptype)
-{
-       char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-       Py_ssize_t len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self), i, j;
-
-       i = 0;
-       if (striptype != RIGHTSTRIP) {
-               while (i < len && isspace(Py_CHARMASK(s[i]))) {
-                       i++;
-               }
-       }
-
-       j = len;
-       if (striptype != LEFTSTRIP) {
-               do {
-                       j--;
-               } while (j >= i && isspace(Py_CHARMASK(s[j])));
-               j++;
-       }
-
-       if (i == 0 && j == len && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
-               Py_INCREF(self);
-               return (PyObject*)self;
-       }
-       else
-               return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(s+i, j-i);
-}
-
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
-do_argstrip(PyBytesObject *self, int striptype, PyObject *args)
-{
-       PyObject *sep = NULL;
-
-       if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, (char *)stripformat[striptype], &sep))
-               return NULL;
-
-       if (sep != NULL && sep != Py_None) {
-               if (PyBytes_Check(sep))
-                       return do_xstrip(self, striptype, sep);
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-               else if (PyUnicode_Check(sep)) {
-                       PyObject *uniself = PyUnicode_FromObject((PyObject *)self);
-                       PyObject *res;
-                       if (uniself==NULL)
-                               return NULL;
-                       res = _PyUnicode_XStrip((PyUnicodeObject *)uniself,
-                               striptype, sep);
-                       Py_DECREF(uniself);
-                       return res;
-               }
-#endif
-               PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-                            "%s arg must be None, str or unicode",
-#else
-                            "%s arg must be None or str",
-#endif
-                            STRIPNAME(striptype));
-               return NULL;
-       }
-
-       return do_strip(self, striptype);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(strip__doc__,
-"S.strip([chars]) -> string or unicode\n\
-\n\
-Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing\n\
-whitespace removed.\n\
-If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.\n\
-If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_strip(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-       if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) == 0)
-               return do_strip(self, BOTHSTRIP); /* Common case */
-       else
-               return do_argstrip(self, BOTHSTRIP, args);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(lstrip__doc__,
-"S.lstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode\n\
-\n\
-Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.\n\
-If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.\n\
-If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_lstrip(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-       if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) == 0)
-               return do_strip(self, LEFTSTRIP); /* Common case */
-       else
-               return do_argstrip(self, LEFTSTRIP, args);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(rstrip__doc__,
-"S.rstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode\n\
-\n\
-Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.\n\
-If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.\n\
-If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_rstrip(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-       if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) == 0)
-               return do_strip(self, RIGHTSTRIP); /* Common case */
-       else
-               return do_argstrip(self, RIGHTSTRIP, args);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(lower__doc__,
-"S.lower() -> string\n\
-\n\
-Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.");
-
-/* _tolower and _toupper are defined by SUSv2, but they're not ISO C */
-#ifndef _tolower
-#define _tolower tolower
-#endif
-
-static PyObject *
-string_lower(PyBytesObject *self)
-{
-       char *s;
-       Py_ssize_t i, n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-       PyObject *newobj;
-
-       newobj = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, n);
-       if (!newobj)
-               return NULL;
-
-       s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(newobj);
-
-       Py_MEMCPY(s, PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), n);
-
-       for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-               int c = Py_CHARMASK(s[i]);
-               if (isupper(c))
-                       s[i] = _tolower(c);
-       }
-
-       return newobj;
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(upper__doc__,
-"S.upper() -> string\n\
-\n\
-Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase.");
-
-#ifndef _toupper
-#define _toupper toupper
-#endif
-
-static PyObject *
-string_upper(PyBytesObject *self)
-{
-       char *s;
-       Py_ssize_t i, n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-       PyObject *newobj;
-
-       newobj = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, n);
-       if (!newobj)
-               return NULL;
-
-       s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(newobj);
-
-       Py_MEMCPY(s, PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), n);
-
-       for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-               int c = Py_CHARMASK(s[i]);
-               if (islower(c))
-                       s[i] = _toupper(c);
-       }
-
-       return newobj;
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(title__doc__,
-"S.title() -> string\n\
-\n\
-Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with uppercase\n\
-characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.");
-
-static PyObject*
-string_title(PyBytesObject *self)
-{
-       char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), *s_new;
-       Py_ssize_t i, n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-       int previous_is_cased = 0;
-       PyObject *newobj;
-
-       newobj = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, n);
-       if (newobj == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-       s_new = PyBytes_AsString(newobj);
-       for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-               int c = Py_CHARMASK(*s++);
-               if (islower(c)) {
-                       if (!previous_is_cased)
-                           c = toupper(c);
-                       previous_is_cased = 1;
-               } else if (isupper(c)) {
-                       if (previous_is_cased)
-                           c = tolower(c);
-                       previous_is_cased = 1;
-               } else
-                       previous_is_cased = 0;
-               *s_new++ = c;
-       }
-       return newobj;
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(capitalize__doc__,
-"S.capitalize() -> string\n\
-\n\
-Return a copy of the string S with only its first character\n\
-capitalized.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_capitalize(PyBytesObject *self)
-{
-       char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), *s_new;
-       Py_ssize_t i, n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-       PyObject *newobj;
-
-       newobj = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, n);
-       if (newobj == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-       s_new = PyBytes_AsString(newobj);
-       if (0 < n) {
-               int c = Py_CHARMASK(*s++);
-               if (islower(c))
-                       *s_new = toupper(c);
-               else
-                       *s_new = c;
-               s_new++;
-       }
-       for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
-               int c = Py_CHARMASK(*s++);
-               if (isupper(c))
-                       *s_new = tolower(c);
-               else
-                       *s_new = c;
-               s_new++;
-       }
-       return newobj;
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(count__doc__,
-"S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int\n\
-\n\
-Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in\n\
-string S[start:end].  Optional arguments start and end are interpreted\n\
-as in slice notation.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_count(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-       PyObject *sub_obj;
-       const char *str = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), *sub;
-       Py_ssize_t sub_len;
-       Py_ssize_t start = 0, end = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
-
-       if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|O&O&:count", &sub_obj,
-               _PyEval_SliceIndex, &start, _PyEval_SliceIndex, &end))
-               return NULL;
-
-       if (PyBytes_Check(sub_obj)) {
-               sub = PyBytes_AS_STRING(sub_obj);
-               sub_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(sub_obj);
-       }
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-       else if (PyUnicode_Check(sub_obj)) {
-               Py_ssize_t count;
-               count = PyUnicode_Count((PyObject *)self, sub_obj, start, end);
-               if (count == -1)
-                       return NULL;
-               else
-                       return PyInt_FromSsize_t(count);
-       }
-#endif
-       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(sub_obj, &sub, &sub_len))
-               return NULL;
-
-       string_adjust_indices(&start, &end, PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self));
-
-       return PyInt_FromSsize_t(
-               stringlib_count(str + start, end - start, sub, sub_len)
-               );
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(swapcase__doc__,
-"S.swapcase() -> string\n\
-\n\
-Return a copy of the string S with uppercase characters\n\
-converted to lowercase and vice versa.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_swapcase(PyBytesObject *self)
-{
-       char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self), *s_new;
-       Py_ssize_t i, n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-       PyObject *newobj;
-
-       newobj = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, n);
-       if (newobj == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-       s_new = PyBytes_AsString(newobj);
-       for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-               int c = Py_CHARMASK(*s++);
-               if (islower(c)) {
-                       *s_new = toupper(c);
-               }
-               else if (isupper(c)) {
-                       *s_new = tolower(c);
-               }
-               else
-                       *s_new = c;
-               s_new++;
-       }
-       return newobj;
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(translate__doc__,
-"S.translate(table [,deletechars]) -> string\n\
-\n\
-Return a copy of the string S, where all characters occurring\n\
-in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the\n\
-remaining characters have been mapped through the given\n\
-translation table, which must be a string of length 256.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_translate(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-       register char *input, *output;
-       const char *table;
-       register Py_ssize_t i, c, changed = 0;
-       PyObject *input_obj = (PyObject*)self;
-       const char *output_start, *del_table=NULL;
-       Py_ssize_t inlen, tablen, dellen = 0;
-       PyObject *result;
-       int trans_table[256];
-       PyObject *tableobj, *delobj = NULL;
-
-       if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "translate", 1, 2,
-                             &tableobj, &delobj))
-               return NULL;
-
-       if (PyBytes_Check(tableobj)) {
-               table = PyBytes_AS_STRING(tableobj);
-               tablen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(tableobj);
-       }
-       else if (tableobj == Py_None) {
-               table = NULL;
-               tablen = 256;
-       }
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-       else if (PyUnicode_Check(tableobj)) {
-               /* Unicode .translate() does not support the deletechars
-                  parameter; instead a mapping to None will cause characters
-                  to be deleted. */
-               if (delobj != NULL) {
-                       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                       "deletions are implemented differently for unicode");
-                       return NULL;
-               }
-               return PyUnicode_Translate((PyObject *)self, tableobj, NULL);
-       }
-#endif
-       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(tableobj, &table, &tablen))
-               return NULL;
-
-       if (tablen != 256) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                 "translation table must be 256 characters long");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-
-       if (delobj != NULL) {
-               if (PyBytes_Check(delobj)) {
-                       del_table = PyBytes_AS_STRING(delobj);
-                       dellen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(delobj);
-               }
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-               else if (PyUnicode_Check(delobj)) {
-                       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                       "deletions are implemented differently for unicode");
-                       return NULL;
-               }
-#endif
-               else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(delobj, &del_table, &dellen))
-                       return NULL;
-       }
-       else {
-               del_table = NULL;
-               dellen = 0;
-       }
-
-       inlen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(input_obj);
-       result = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, inlen);
-       if (result == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-       output_start = output = PyBytes_AsString(result);
-       input = PyBytes_AS_STRING(input_obj);
-
-       if (dellen == 0 && table != NULL) {
-               /* If no deletions are required, use faster code */
-               for (i = inlen; --i >= 0; ) {
-                       c = Py_CHARMASK(*input++);
-                       if (Py_CHARMASK((*output++ = table[c])) != c)
-                               changed = 1;
-               }
-               if (changed || !PyBytes_CheckExact(input_obj))
-                       return result;
-               Py_DECREF(result);
-               Py_INCREF(input_obj);
-               return input_obj;
-       }
-
-       if (table == NULL) {
-               for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
-                       trans_table[i] = Py_CHARMASK(i);
-       } else {
-               for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
-                       trans_table[i] = Py_CHARMASK(table[i]);
-       }
-
-       for (i = 0; i < dellen; i++)
-               trans_table[(int) Py_CHARMASK(del_table[i])] = -1;
-
-       for (i = inlen; --i >= 0; ) {
-               c = Py_CHARMASK(*input++);
-               if (trans_table[c] != -1)
-                       if (Py_CHARMASK(*output++ = (char)trans_table[c]) == c)
-                               continue;
-               changed = 1;
-       }
-       if (!changed && PyBytes_CheckExact(input_obj)) {
-               Py_DECREF(result);
-               Py_INCREF(input_obj);
-               return input_obj;
-       }
-       /* Fix the size of the resulting string */
-       if (inlen > 0)
-               _PyBytes_Resize(&result, output - output_start);
-       return result;
-}
-
-
-#define FORWARD 1
-#define REVERSE -1
-
-/* find and count characters and substrings */
-
-#define findchar(target, target_len, c)                                \
-  ((char *)memchr((const void *)(target), c, target_len))
-
-/* String ops must return a string.  */
-/* If the object is subclass of string, create a copy */
-Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
-return_self(PyBytesObject *self)
-{
-       if (PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
-               Py_INCREF(self);
-               return self;
-       }
-       return (PyBytesObject *)PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(
-               PyBytes_AS_STRING(self),
-               PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self));
-}
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(Py_ssize_t)
-countchar(const char *target, int target_len, char c, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
-{
-       Py_ssize_t count=0;
-       const char *start=target;
-       const char *end=target+target_len;
-
-       while ( (start=findchar(start, end-start, c)) != NULL ) {
-               count++;
-               if (count >= maxcount)
-                       break;
-               start += 1;
-       }
-       return count;
-}
-
-Py_LOCAL(Py_ssize_t)
-findstring(const char *target, Py_ssize_t target_len,
-          const char *pattern, Py_ssize_t pattern_len,
-          Py_ssize_t start,
-          Py_ssize_t end,
-          int direction)
-{
-       if (start < 0) {
-               start += target_len;
-               if (start < 0)
-                       start = 0;
-       }
-       if (end > target_len) {
-               end = target_len;
-       } else if (end < 0) {
-               end += target_len;
-               if (end < 0)
-                       end = 0;
-       }
-
-       /* zero-length substrings always match at the first attempt */
-       if (pattern_len == 0)
-               return (direction > 0) ? start : end;
-
-       end -= pattern_len;
-
-       if (direction < 0) {
-               for (; end >= start; end--)
-                       if (Py_STRING_MATCH(target, end, pattern, pattern_len))
-                               return end;
-       } else {
-               for (; start <= end; start++)
-                       if (Py_STRING_MATCH(target, start, pattern, pattern_len))
-                               return start;
-       }
-       return -1;
-}
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(Py_ssize_t)
-countstring(const char *target, Py_ssize_t target_len,
-           const char *pattern, Py_ssize_t pattern_len,
-           Py_ssize_t start,
-           Py_ssize_t end,
-           int direction, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
-{
-       Py_ssize_t count=0;
-
-       if (start < 0) {
-               start += target_len;
-               if (start < 0)
-                       start = 0;
-       }
-       if (end > target_len) {
-               end = target_len;
-       } else if (end < 0) {
-               end += target_len;
-               if (end < 0)
-                       end = 0;
-       }
-
-       /* zero-length substrings match everywhere */
-       if (pattern_len == 0 || maxcount == 0) {
-               if (target_len+1 < maxcount)
-                       return target_len+1;
-               return maxcount;
-       }
-
-       end -= pattern_len;
-       if (direction < 0) {
-               for (; (end >= start); end--)
-                       if (Py_STRING_MATCH(target, end, pattern, pattern_len)) {
-                               count++;
-                               if (--maxcount <= 0) break;
-                               end -= pattern_len-1;
-                       }
-       } else {
-               for (; (start <= end); start++)
-                       if (Py_STRING_MATCH(target, start, pattern, pattern_len)) {
-                               count++;
-                               if (--maxcount <= 0)
-                                       break;
-                               start += pattern_len-1;
-                       }
-       }
-       return count;
-}
-
-
-/* Algorithms for different cases of string replacement */
-
-/* len(self)>=1, from="", len(to)>=1, maxcount>=1 */
-Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
-replace_interleave(PyBytesObject *self,
-                  const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
-                  Py_ssize_t maxcount)
-{
-       char *self_s, *result_s;
-       Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
-       Py_ssize_t count, i, product;
-       PyBytesObject *result;
-
-       self_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-
-       /* 1 at the end plus 1 after every character */
-       count = self_len+1;
-       if (maxcount < count) 
-               count = maxcount;
-
-       /* Check for overflow */
-       /*   result_len = count * to_len + self_len; */
-       product = count * to_len;
-       if (product / to_len != count) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-                               "replace string is too long");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       result_len = product + self_len;
-       if (result_len < 0) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-                               "replace string is too long");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-  
-       if (! (result = (PyBytesObject *)
-                        PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) )
-               return NULL;
-
-       self_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-       result_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
-
-       /* TODO: special case single character, which doesn't need memcpy */
-
-       /* Lay the first one down (guaranteed this will occur) */
-       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
-       result_s += to_len;
-       count -= 1;
-  
-       for (i=0; i<count; i++) {
-               *result_s++ = *self_s++;
-               Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
-               result_s += to_len;
-       }
-
-       /* Copy the rest of the original string */
-       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, self_s, self_len-i);
-
-       return result;
-}
-
-/* Special case for deleting a single character */
-/* len(self)>=1, len(from)==1, to="", maxcount>=1 */
-Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
-replace_delete_single_character(PyBytesObject *self,
-                               char from_c, Py_ssize_t maxcount)
-{
-       char *self_s, *result_s;
-       char *start, *next, *end;
-       Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
-       Py_ssize_t count;
-       PyBytesObject *result;
-
-       self_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-       self_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-
-       count = countchar(self_s, self_len, from_c, maxcount);
-       if (count == 0) {
-               return return_self(self);
-       }
-  
-       result_len = self_len - count;  /* from_len == 1 */
-       assert(result_len>=0);
-
-       if ( (result = (PyBytesObject *)
-                       PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-       result_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
-
-       start = self_s;
-       end = self_s + self_len;
-       while (count-- > 0) {
-               next = findchar(start, end-start, from_c);
-               if (next == NULL)
-                       break;
-               Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, next-start);
-               result_s += (next-start);
-               start = next+1;
-       }
-       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, end-start);
-
-       return result;
-}
-
-/* len(self)>=1, len(from)>=2, to="", maxcount>=1 */
-
-Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
-replace_delete_substring(PyBytesObject *self,
-                        const char *from_s, Py_ssize_t from_len,
-                        Py_ssize_t maxcount) {
-       char *self_s, *result_s;
-       char *start, *next, *end;
-       Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
-       Py_ssize_t count, offset;
-       PyBytesObject *result;
-
-       self_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-       self_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-
-       count = countstring(self_s, self_len,
-                           from_s, from_len,
-                           0, self_len, 1,
-                           maxcount);
-
-       if (count == 0) {
-               /* no matches */
-               return return_self(self);
-       }
-
-       result_len = self_len - (count * from_len);
-       assert (result_len>=0);
-
-       if ( (result = (PyBytesObject *)
-             PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) == NULL )
-               return NULL;
-
-       result_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
-
-       start = self_s;
-       end = self_s + self_len;
-       while (count-- > 0) {
-               offset = findstring(start, end-start,
-                                   from_s, from_len,
-                                   0, end-start, FORWARD);
-               if (offset == -1)
-                       break;
-               next = start + offset;
-
-               Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, next-start);
-
-               result_s += (next-start);
-               start = next+from_len;
-       }
-       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, end-start);
-       return result;
-}
-
-/* len(self)>=1, len(from)==len(to)==1, maxcount>=1 */
-Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
-replace_single_character_in_place(PyBytesObject *self,
-                                 char from_c, char to_c,
-                                 Py_ssize_t maxcount)
-{
-       char *self_s, *result_s, *start, *end, *next;
-       Py_ssize_t self_len;
-       PyBytesObject *result;
-
-       /* The result string will be the same size */
-       self_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-       self_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-
-       next = findchar(self_s, self_len, from_c);
-
-       if (next == NULL) {
-               /* No matches; return the original string */
-               return return_self(self);
-       }
-
-       /* Need to make a new string */
-       result = (PyBytesObject *) PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, self_len);
-       if (result == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-       result_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
-       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, self_s, self_len);
-
-       /* change everything in-place, starting with this one */
-       start =  result_s + (next-self_s);
-       *start = to_c;
-       start++;
-       end = result_s + self_len;
-
-       while (--maxcount > 0) {
-               next = findchar(start, end-start, from_c);
-               if (next == NULL)
-                       break;
-               *next = to_c;
-               start = next+1;
-       }
-
-       return result;
-}
-
-/* len(self)>=1, len(from)==len(to)>=2, maxcount>=1 */
-Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
-replace_substring_in_place(PyBytesObject *self,
-                          const char *from_s, Py_ssize_t from_len,
-                          const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
-                          Py_ssize_t maxcount)
-{
-       char *result_s, *start, *end;
-       char *self_s;
-       Py_ssize_t self_len, offset;
-       PyBytesObject *result;
-
-       /* The result string will be the same size */
-
-       self_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-       self_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-
-       offset = findstring(self_s, self_len,
-                           from_s, from_len,
-                           0, self_len, FORWARD);
-       if (offset == -1) {
-               /* No matches; return the original string */
-               return return_self(self);
-       }
-
-       /* Need to make a new string */
-       result = (PyBytesObject *) PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, self_len);
-       if (result == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-       result_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
-       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, self_s, self_len);
-
-       /* change everything in-place, starting with this one */
-       start =  result_s + offset;
-       Py_MEMCPY(start, to_s, from_len);
-       start += from_len;
-       end = result_s + self_len;
-
-       while ( --maxcount > 0) {
-               offset = findstring(start, end-start,
-                                   from_s, from_len,
-                                   0, end-start, FORWARD);
-               if (offset==-1)
-                       break;
-               Py_MEMCPY(start+offset, to_s, from_len);
-               start += offset+from_len;
-       }
-
-       return result;
-}
-
-/* len(self)>=1, len(from)==1, len(to)>=2, maxcount>=1 */
-Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
-replace_single_character(PyBytesObject *self,
-                        char from_c,
-                        const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
-                        Py_ssize_t maxcount)
-{
-       char *self_s, *result_s;
-       char *start, *next, *end;
-       Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
-       Py_ssize_t count, product;
-       PyBytesObject *result;
-
-       self_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-       self_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-
-       count = countchar(self_s, self_len, from_c, maxcount);
-       if (count == 0) {
-               /* no matches, return unchanged */
-               return return_self(self);
-       }
-
-       /* use the difference between current and new, hence the "-1" */
-       /*   result_len = self_len + count * (to_len-1)  */
-       product = count * (to_len-1);
-       if (product / (to_len-1) != count) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "replace string is too long");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       result_len = self_len + product;
-       if (result_len < 0) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "replace string is too long");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-
-       if ( (result = (PyBytesObject *)
-             PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-       result_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
-
-       start = self_s;
-       end = self_s + self_len;
-       while (count-- > 0) {
-               next = findchar(start, end-start, from_c);
-               if (next == NULL) 
-                       break;
-
-               if (next == start) {
-                       /* replace with the 'to' */
-                       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
-                       result_s += to_len;
-                       start += 1;
-               } else {
-                       /* copy the unchanged old then the 'to' */
-                       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, next-start);
-                       result_s += (next-start);
-                       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
-                       result_s += to_len;
-                       start = next+1;
-               }
-       }
-       /* Copy the remainder of the remaining string */
-       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, end-start);
-
-       return result;
-}
-
-/* len(self)>=1, len(from)>=2, len(to)>=2, maxcount>=1 */
-Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
-replace_substring(PyBytesObject *self,
-                 const char *from_s, Py_ssize_t from_len,
-                 const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
-                 Py_ssize_t maxcount) {
-       char *self_s, *result_s;
-       char *start, *next, *end;
-       Py_ssize_t self_len, result_len;
-       Py_ssize_t count, offset, product;
-       PyBytesObject *result;
-
-       self_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-       self_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-
-       count = countstring(self_s, self_len,
-                           from_s, from_len,
-                           0, self_len, FORWARD, maxcount);
-       if (count == 0) {
-               /* no matches, return unchanged */
-               return return_self(self);
-       }
-
-       /* Check for overflow */
-       /*    result_len = self_len + count * (to_len-from_len) */
-       product = count * (to_len-from_len);
-       if (product / (to_len-from_len) != count) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "replace string is too long");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       result_len = self_len + product;
-       if (result_len < 0) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "replace string is too long");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-
-       if ( (result = (PyBytesObject *)
-             PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, result_len)) == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-       result_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
-
-       start = self_s;
-       end = self_s + self_len;
-       while (count-- > 0) {
-               offset = findstring(start, end-start,
-                                   from_s, from_len,
-                                   0, end-start, FORWARD);
-               if (offset == -1)
-                       break;
-               next = start+offset;
-               if (next == start) {
-                       /* replace with the 'to' */
-                       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
-                       result_s += to_len;
-                       start += from_len;
-               } else {
-                       /* copy the unchanged old then the 'to' */
-                       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, next-start);
-                       result_s += (next-start);
-                       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, to_s, to_len);
-                       result_s += to_len;
-                       start = next+from_len;
-               }
-       }
-       /* Copy the remainder of the remaining string */
-       Py_MEMCPY(result_s, start, end-start);
-
-       return result;
-}
-
-
-Py_LOCAL(PyBytesObject *)
-replace(PyBytesObject *self,
-       const char *from_s, Py_ssize_t from_len,
-       const char *to_s, Py_ssize_t to_len,
-       Py_ssize_t maxcount)
-{
-       if (maxcount < 0) {
-               maxcount = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
-       } else if (maxcount == 0 || PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0) {
-               /* nothing to do; return the original string */
-               return return_self(self);
-       }
-
-       if (maxcount == 0 ||
-           (from_len == 0 && to_len == 0)) {
-               /* nothing to do; return the original string */
-               return return_self(self);
-       }
-
-       /* Handle zero-length special cases */
-
-       if (from_len == 0) {
-               /* insert the 'to' string everywhere.   */
-               /*    >>> "Python".replace("", ".")     */
-               /*    '.P.y.t.h.o.n.'                   */
-               return replace_interleave(self, to_s, to_len, maxcount);
-       }
-
-       /* Except for "".replace("", "A") == "A" there is no way beyond this */
-       /* point for an empty self string to generate a non-empty string */
-       /* Special case so the remaining code always gets a non-empty string */
-       if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0) {
-               return return_self(self);
-       }
-
-       if (to_len == 0) {
-               /* delete all occurances of 'from' string */
-               if (from_len == 1) {
-                       return replace_delete_single_character(
-                               self, from_s[0], maxcount);
-               } else {
-                       return replace_delete_substring(self, from_s, from_len, maxcount);
-               }
-       }
-
-       /* Handle special case where both strings have the same length */
-
-       if (from_len == to_len) {
-               if (from_len == 1) {
-                       return replace_single_character_in_place(
-                               self,
-                               from_s[0],
-                               to_s[0],
-                               maxcount);
-               } else {
-                       return replace_substring_in_place(
-                               self, from_s, from_len, to_s, to_len, maxcount);
-               }
-       }
-
-       /* Otherwise use the more generic algorithms */
-       if (from_len == 1) {
-               return replace_single_character(self, from_s[0],
-                                               to_s, to_len, maxcount);
-       } else {
-               /* len('from')>=2, len('to')>=1 */
-               return replace_substring(self, from_s, from_len, to_s, to_len, maxcount);
-       }
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(replace__doc__,
-"S.replace (old, new[, count]) -> string\n\
-\n\
-Return a copy of string S with all occurrences of substring\n\
-old replaced by new.  If the optional argument count is\n\
-given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_replace(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-       Py_ssize_t count = -1;
-       PyObject *from, *to;
-       const char *from_s, *to_s;
-       Py_ssize_t from_len, to_len;
-
-       if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO|n:replace", &from, &to, &count))
-               return NULL;
-
-       if (PyBytes_Check(from)) {
-               from_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(from);
-               from_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(from);
-       }
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-       if (PyUnicode_Check(from))
-               return PyUnicode_Replace((PyObject *)self,
-                                        from, to, count);
-#endif
-       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(from, &from_s, &from_len))
-               return NULL;
-
-       if (PyBytes_Check(to)) {
-               to_s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(to);
-               to_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(to);
-       }
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-       else if (PyUnicode_Check(to))
-               return PyUnicode_Replace((PyObject *)self,
-                                        from, to, count);
-#endif
-       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(to, &to_s, &to_len))
-               return NULL;
-
-       return (PyObject *)replace((PyBytesObject *) self,
-                                  from_s, from_len,
-                                  to_s, to_len, count);
-}
-
-/** End DALKE **/
-
-/* Matches the end (direction >= 0) or start (direction < 0) of self
- * against substr, using the start and end arguments. Returns
- * -1 on error, 0 if not found and 1 if found.
- */
-Py_LOCAL(int)
-_string_tailmatch(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *substr, Py_ssize_t start,
-                 Py_ssize_t end, int direction)
-{
-       Py_ssize_t len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-       Py_ssize_t slen;
-       const char* sub;
-       const char* str;
-
-       if (PyBytes_Check(substr)) {
-               sub = PyBytes_AS_STRING(substr);
-               slen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(substr);
-       }
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-       else if (PyUnicode_Check(substr))
-               return PyUnicode_Tailmatch((PyObject *)self,
-                                          substr, start, end, direction);
-#endif
-       else if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(substr, &sub, &slen))
-               return -1;
-       str = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-
-       string_adjust_indices(&start, &end, len);
-
-       if (direction < 0) {
-               /* startswith */
-               if (start+slen > len)
-                       return 0;
-       } else {
-               /* endswith */
-               if (end-start < slen || start > len)
-                       return 0;
-
-               if (end-slen > start)
-                       start = end - slen;
-       }
-       if (end-start >= slen)
-               return ! memcmp(str+start, sub, slen);
-       return 0;
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(startswith__doc__,
-"S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool\n\
-\n\
-Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.\n\
-With optional start, test S beginning at that position.\n\
-With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.\n\
-prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_startswith(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-       Py_ssize_t start = 0;
-       Py_ssize_t end = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
-       PyObject *subobj;
-       int result;
-
-       if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|O&O&:startswith", &subobj,
-               _PyEval_SliceIndex, &start, _PyEval_SliceIndex, &end))
-               return NULL;
-       if (PyTuple_Check(subobj)) {
-               Py_ssize_t i;
-               for (i = 0; i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(subobj); i++) {
-                       result = _string_tailmatch(self,
-                                       PyTuple_GET_ITEM(subobj, i),
-                                       start, end, -1);
-                       if (result == -1)
-                               return NULL;
-                       else if (result) {
-                               Py_RETURN_TRUE;
-                       }
-               }
-               Py_RETURN_FALSE;
-       }
-       result = _string_tailmatch(self, subobj, start, end, -1);
-       if (result == -1)
-               return NULL;
-       else
-               return PyBool_FromLong(result);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(endswith__doc__,
-"S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool\n\
-\n\
-Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.\n\
-With optional start, test S beginning at that position.\n\
-With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.\n\
-suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_endswith(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-       Py_ssize_t start = 0;
-       Py_ssize_t end = PY_SSIZE_T_MAX;
-       PyObject *subobj;
-       int result;
-
-       if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|O&O&:endswith", &subobj,
-               _PyEval_SliceIndex, &start, _PyEval_SliceIndex, &end))
-               return NULL;
-       if (PyTuple_Check(subobj)) {
-               Py_ssize_t i;
-               for (i = 0; i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(subobj); i++) {
-                       result = _string_tailmatch(self,
-                                       PyTuple_GET_ITEM(subobj, i),
-                                       start, end, +1);
-                       if (result == -1)
-                               return NULL;
-                       else if (result) {
-                               Py_RETURN_TRUE;
-                       }
-               }
-               Py_RETURN_FALSE;
-       }
-       result = _string_tailmatch(self, subobj, start, end, +1);
-       if (result == -1)
-               return NULL;
-       else
-               return PyBool_FromLong(result);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(encode__doc__,
-"S.encode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object\n\
-\n\
-Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults\n\
-to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error\n\
-handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise\n\
-a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and\n\
-'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with\n\
-codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_encode(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-    char *encoding = NULL;
-    char *errors = NULL;
-    PyObject *v;
-
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|ss:encode", &encoding, &errors))
-        return NULL;
-    v = PyBytes_AsEncodedObject((PyObject *)self, encoding, errors);
-    if (v == NULL)
-        goto onError;
-    if (!PyBytes_Check(v) && !PyUnicode_Check(v)) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                     "encoder did not return a string/unicode object "
-                     "(type=%.400s)",
-                     Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
-        Py_DECREF(v);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    return v;
-
- onError:
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(decode__doc__,
-"S.decode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object\n\
-\n\
-Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults\n\
-to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error\n\
-handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise\n\
-a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'\n\
-as well as any other name registerd with codecs.register_error that is\n\
-able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_decode(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-    char *encoding = NULL;
-    char *errors = NULL;
-    PyObject *v;
-
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|ss:decode", &encoding, &errors))
-        return NULL;
-    v = PyBytes_AsDecodedObject((PyObject *)self, encoding, errors);
-    if (v == NULL)
-        goto onError;
-    if (!PyBytes_Check(v) && !PyUnicode_Check(v)) {
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
-                     "decoder did not return a string/unicode object "
-                     "(type=%.400s)",
-                     Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
-        Py_DECREF(v);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    return v;
-
- onError:
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(expandtabs__doc__,
-"S.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> string\n\
-\n\
-Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.\n\
-If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.");
-
-static PyObject*
-string_expandtabs(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-    const char *e, *p, *qe;
-    char *q;
-    Py_ssize_t i, j, incr;
-    PyObject *u;
-    int tabsize = 8;
-
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|i:expandtabs", &tabsize))
-       return NULL;
-
-    /* First pass: determine size of output string */
-    i = 0; /* chars up to and including most recent \n or \r */
-    j = 0; /* chars since most recent \n or \r (use in tab calculations) */
-    e = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self) + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self); /* end of input */
-    for (p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self); p < e; p++)
-        if (*p == '\t') {
-           if (tabsize > 0) {
-               incr = tabsize - (j % tabsize);
-               if (j > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - incr)
-                   goto overflow1;
-               j += incr;
-            }
-       }
-        else {
-           if (j > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - 1)
-               goto overflow1;
-            j++;
-            if (*p == '\n' || *p == '\r') {
-               if (i > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - j)
-                   goto overflow1;
-                i += j;
-                j = 0;
-            }
-        }
-
-    if (i > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - j)
-       goto overflow1;
-
-    /* Second pass: create output string and fill it */
-    u = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, i + j);
-    if (!u)
-        return NULL;
-
-    j = 0; /* same as in first pass */
-    q = PyBytes_AS_STRING(u); /* next output char */
-    qe = PyBytes_AS_STRING(u) + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(u); /* end of output */
-
-    for (p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self); p < e; p++)
-        if (*p == '\t') {
-           if (tabsize > 0) {
-               i = tabsize - (j % tabsize);
-               j += i;
-               while (i--) {
-                   if (q >= qe)
-                       goto overflow2;
-                   *q++ = ' ';
-               }
-           }
-       }
-       else {
-           if (q >= qe)
-               goto overflow2;
-           *q++ = *p;
-            j++;
-            if (*p == '\n' || *p == '\r')
-                j = 0;
-        }
-
-    return u;
-
-  overflow2:
-    Py_DECREF(u);
-  overflow1:
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "new string is too long");
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
-pad(PyBytesObject *self, Py_ssize_t left, Py_ssize_t right, char fill)
-{
-    PyObject *u;
-
-    if (left < 0)
-        left = 0;
-    if (right < 0)
-        right = 0;
-
-    if (left == 0 && right == 0 && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
-        Py_INCREF(self);
-        return (PyObject *)self;
-    }
-
-    u = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL,
-                                  left + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) + right);
-    if (u) {
-        if (left)
-            memset(PyBytes_AS_STRING(u), fill, left);
-        Py_MEMCPY(PyBytes_AS_STRING(u) + left,
-              PyBytes_AS_STRING(self),
-              PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self));
-        if (right)
-            memset(PyBytes_AS_STRING(u) + left + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self),
-                  fill, right);
-    }
-
-    return u;
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(ljust__doc__,
-"S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> string\n"
-"\n"
-"Return S left justified in a string of length width. Padding is\n"
-"done using the specified fill character (default is a space).");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_ljust(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t width;
-    char fillchar = ' ';
-
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "n|c:ljust", &width, &fillchar))
-        return NULL;
-
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) >= width && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
-        Py_INCREF(self);
-        return (PyObject*) self;
-    }
-
-    return pad(self, 0, width - PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self), fillchar);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(rjust__doc__,
-"S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> string\n"
-"\n"
-"Return S right justified in a string of length width. Padding is\n"
-"done using the specified fill character (default is a space)");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_rjust(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t width;
-    char fillchar = ' ';
-
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "n|c:rjust", &width, &fillchar))
-        return NULL;
-
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) >= width && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
-        Py_INCREF(self);
-        return (PyObject*) self;
-    }
-
-    return pad(self, width - PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self), 0, fillchar);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(center__doc__,
-"S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> string\n"
-"\n"
-"Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is\n"
-"done using the specified fill character (default is a space)");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_center(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t marg, left;
-    Py_ssize_t width;
-    char fillchar = ' ';
-
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "n|c:center", &width, &fillchar))
-        return NULL;
-
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) >= width && PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
-        Py_INCREF(self);
-        return (PyObject*) self;
-    }
-
-    marg = width - PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-    left = marg / 2 + (marg & width & 1);
-
-    return pad(self, left, marg - left, fillchar);
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(zfill__doc__,
-"S.zfill(width) -> string\n"
-"\n"
-"Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field\n"
-"of the specified width.  The string S is never truncated.");
-
-static PyObject *
-string_zfill(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-    Py_ssize_t fill;
-    PyObject *s;
-    char *p;
-    Py_ssize_t width;
-
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "n:zfill", &width))
-        return NULL;
-
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) >= width) {
-        if (PyBytes_CheckExact(self)) {
-            Py_INCREF(self);
-            return (PyObject*) self;
-        }
-        else
-            return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(
-                PyBytes_AS_STRING(self),
-                PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self)
-            );
-    }
-
-    fill = width - PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-
-    s = pad(self, fill, 0, '0');
-
-    if (s == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-
-    p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(s);
-    if (p[fill] == '+' || p[fill] == '-') {
-        /* move sign to beginning of string */
-        p[0] = p[fill];
-        p[fill] = '0';
-    }
-
-    return (PyObject*) s;
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(isspace__doc__,
-"S.isspace() -> bool\n\
-\n\
-Return True if all characters in S are whitespace\n\
-and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.");
-
-static PyObject*
-string_isspace(PyBytesObject *self)
-{
-    register const unsigned char *p
-        = (unsigned char *) PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-    register const unsigned char *e;
-
-    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 1 &&
-       isspace(*p))
-       return PyBool_FromLong(1);
-
-    /* Special case for empty strings */
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0)
-       return PyBool_FromLong(0);
-
-    e = p + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-    for (; p < e; p++) {
-       if (!isspace(*p))
-           return PyBool_FromLong(0);
-    }
-    return PyBool_FromLong(1);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(isalpha__doc__,
-"S.isalpha() -> bool\n\
-\n\
-Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic\n\
-and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.");
-
-static PyObject*
-string_isalpha(PyBytesObject *self)
-{
-    register const unsigned char *p
-        = (unsigned char *) PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-    register const unsigned char *e;
-
-    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 1 &&
-       isalpha(*p))
-       return PyBool_FromLong(1);
-
-    /* Special case for empty strings */
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0)
-       return PyBool_FromLong(0);
-
-    e = p + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-    for (; p < e; p++) {
-       if (!isalpha(*p))
-           return PyBool_FromLong(0);
-    }
-    return PyBool_FromLong(1);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(isalnum__doc__,
-"S.isalnum() -> bool\n\
-\n\
-Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric\n\
-and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.");
-
-static PyObject*
-string_isalnum(PyBytesObject *self)
-{
-    register const unsigned char *p
-        = (unsigned char *) PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-    register const unsigned char *e;
-
-    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 1 &&
-       isalnum(*p))
-       return PyBool_FromLong(1);
-
-    /* Special case for empty strings */
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0)
-       return PyBool_FromLong(0);
-
-    e = p + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-    for (; p < e; p++) {
-       if (!isalnum(*p))
-           return PyBool_FromLong(0);
-    }
-    return PyBool_FromLong(1);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(isdigit__doc__,
-"S.isdigit() -> bool\n\
-\n\
-Return True if all characters in S are digits\n\
-and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.");
-
-static PyObject*
-string_isdigit(PyBytesObject *self)
-{
-    register const unsigned char *p
-        = (unsigned char *) PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-    register const unsigned char *e;
-
-    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 1 &&
-       isdigit(*p))
-       return PyBool_FromLong(1);
-
-    /* Special case for empty strings */
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0)
-       return PyBool_FromLong(0);
-
-    e = p + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-    for (; p < e; p++) {
-       if (!isdigit(*p))
-           return PyBool_FromLong(0);
-    }
-    return PyBool_FromLong(1);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(islower__doc__,
-"S.islower() -> bool\n\
-\n\
-Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is\n\
-at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.");
-
-static PyObject*
-string_islower(PyBytesObject *self)
-{
-    register const unsigned char *p
-        = (unsigned char *) PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-    register const unsigned char *e;
-    int cased;
-
-    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 1)
-       return PyBool_FromLong(islower(*p) != 0);
-
-    /* Special case for empty strings */
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0)
-       return PyBool_FromLong(0);
-
-    e = p + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-    cased = 0;
-    for (; p < e; p++) {
-       if (isupper(*p))
-           return PyBool_FromLong(0);
-       else if (!cased && islower(*p))
-           cased = 1;
-    }
-    return PyBool_FromLong(cased);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(isupper__doc__,
-"S.isupper() -> bool\n\
-\n\
-Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is\n\
-at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.");
-
-static PyObject*
-string_isupper(PyBytesObject *self)
-{
-    register const unsigned char *p
-        = (unsigned char *) PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-    register const unsigned char *e;
-    int cased;
-
-    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 1)
-       return PyBool_FromLong(isupper(*p) != 0);
-
-    /* Special case for empty strings */
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0)
-       return PyBool_FromLong(0);
-
-    e = p + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-    cased = 0;
-    for (; p < e; p++) {
-       if (islower(*p))
-           return PyBool_FromLong(0);
-       else if (!cased && isupper(*p))
-           cased = 1;
-    }
-    return PyBool_FromLong(cased);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(istitle__doc__,
-"S.istitle() -> bool\n\
-\n\
-Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one\n\
-character in S, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased\n\
-characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False\n\
-otherwise.");
-
-static PyObject*
-string_istitle(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *uncased)
-{
-    register const unsigned char *p
-        = (unsigned char *) PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-    register const unsigned char *e;
-    int cased, previous_is_cased;
-
-    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 1)
-       return PyBool_FromLong(isupper(*p) != 0);
-
-    /* Special case for empty strings */
-    if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self) == 0)
-       return PyBool_FromLong(0);
-
-    e = p + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-    cased = 0;
-    previous_is_cased = 0;
-    for (; p < e; p++) {
-       register const unsigned char ch = *p;
-
-       if (isupper(ch)) {
-           if (previous_is_cased)
-               return PyBool_FromLong(0);
-           previous_is_cased = 1;
-           cased = 1;
-       }
-       else if (islower(ch)) {
-           if (!previous_is_cased)
-               return PyBool_FromLong(0);
-           previous_is_cased = 1;
-           cased = 1;
-       }
-       else
-           previous_is_cased = 0;
-    }
-    return PyBool_FromLong(cased);
-}
-
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(splitlines__doc__,
-"S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings\n\
-\n\
-Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.\n\
-Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends\n\
-is given and true.");
-
-static PyObject*
-string_splitlines(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-    register Py_ssize_t i;
-    register Py_ssize_t j;
-    Py_ssize_t len;
-    int keepends = 0;
-    PyObject *list;
-    PyObject *str;
-    char *data;
-
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|i:splitlines", &keepends))
-        return NULL;
-
-    data = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
-    len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
-
-    /* This does not use the preallocated list because splitlines is
-       usually run with hundreds of newlines.  The overhead of
-       switching between PyList_SET_ITEM and append causes about a
-       2-3% slowdown for that common case.  A smarter implementation
-       could move the if check out, so the SET_ITEMs are done first
-       and the appends only done when the prealloc buffer is full.
-       That's too much work for little gain.*/
-
-    list = PyList_New(0);
-    if (!list)
-        goto onError;
-
-    for (i = j = 0; i < len; ) {
-       Py_ssize_t eol;
-
-       /* Find a line and append it */
-       while (i < len && data[i] != '\n' && data[i] != '\r')
-           i++;
-
-       /* Skip the line break reading CRLF as one line break */
-       eol = i;
-       if (i < len) {
-           if (data[i] == '\r' && i + 1 < len &&
-               data[i+1] == '\n')
-               i += 2;
-           else
-               i++;
-           if (keepends)
-               eol = i;
-       }
-       SPLIT_APPEND(data, j, eol);
-       j = i;
-    }
-    if (j < len) {
-       SPLIT_APPEND(data, j, len);
-    }
-
-    return list;
-
- onError:
-    Py_XDECREF(list);
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-#undef SPLIT_APPEND
-#undef SPLIT_ADD
-#undef MAX_PREALLOC
-#undef PREALLOC_SIZE
-
-static PyObject *
-string_getnewargs(PyBytesObject *v)
-{
-       return Py_BuildValue("(s#)", v->ob_sval, Py_SIZE(v));
-}
-
-
-#include "stringlib/string_format.h"
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(format__doc__,
-"S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> unicode\n\
-\n\
-");
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(p_format__doc__,
-"S.__format__(format_spec) -> unicode\n\
-\n\
-");
-
-\f
-static PyMethodDef
-string_methods[] = {
-       /* Counterparts of the obsolete stropmodule functions; except
-          string.maketrans(). */
-       {"join", (PyCFunction)string_join, METH_O, join__doc__},
-       {"split", (PyCFunction)string_split, METH_VARARGS, split__doc__},
-       {"rsplit", (PyCFunction)string_rsplit, METH_VARARGS, rsplit__doc__},
-       {"lower", (PyCFunction)string_lower, METH_NOARGS, lower__doc__},
-       {"upper", (PyCFunction)string_upper, METH_NOARGS, upper__doc__},
-       {"islower", (PyCFunction)string_islower, METH_NOARGS, islower__doc__},
-       {"isupper", (PyCFunction)string_isupper, METH_NOARGS, isupper__doc__},
-       {"isspace", (PyCFunction)string_isspace, METH_NOARGS, isspace__doc__},
-       {"isdigit", (PyCFunction)string_isdigit, METH_NOARGS, isdigit__doc__},
-       {"istitle", (PyCFunction)string_istitle, METH_NOARGS, istitle__doc__},
-       {"isalpha", (PyCFunction)string_isalpha, METH_NOARGS, isalpha__doc__},
-       {"isalnum", (PyCFunction)string_isalnum, METH_NOARGS, isalnum__doc__},
-       {"capitalize", (PyCFunction)string_capitalize, METH_NOARGS,
-        capitalize__doc__},
-       {"count", (PyCFunction)string_count, METH_VARARGS, count__doc__},
-       {"endswith", (PyCFunction)string_endswith, METH_VARARGS,
-        endswith__doc__},
-       {"partition", (PyCFunction)string_partition, METH_O, partition__doc__},
-       {"find", (PyCFunction)string_find, METH_VARARGS, find__doc__},
-       {"index", (PyCFunction)string_index, METH_VARARGS, index__doc__},
-       {"lstrip", (PyCFunction)string_lstrip, METH_VARARGS, lstrip__doc__},
-       {"replace", (PyCFunction)string_replace, METH_VARARGS, replace__doc__},
-       {"rfind", (PyCFunction)string_rfind, METH_VARARGS, rfind__doc__},
-       {"rindex", (PyCFunction)string_rindex, METH_VARARGS, rindex__doc__},
-       {"rstrip", (PyCFunction)string_rstrip, METH_VARARGS, rstrip__doc__},
-       {"rpartition", (PyCFunction)string_rpartition, METH_O,
-        rpartition__doc__},
-       {"startswith", (PyCFunction)string_startswith, METH_VARARGS,
-        startswith__doc__},
-       {"strip", (PyCFunction)string_strip, METH_VARARGS, strip__doc__},
-       {"swapcase", (PyCFunction)string_swapcase, METH_NOARGS,
-        swapcase__doc__},
-       {"translate", (PyCFunction)string_translate, METH_VARARGS,
-        translate__doc__},
-       {"title", (PyCFunction)string_title, METH_NOARGS, title__doc__},
-       {"ljust", (PyCFunction)string_ljust, METH_VARARGS, ljust__doc__},
-       {"rjust", (PyCFunction)string_rjust, METH_VARARGS, rjust__doc__},
-       {"center", (PyCFunction)string_center, METH_VARARGS, center__doc__},
-       {"zfill", (PyCFunction)string_zfill, METH_VARARGS, zfill__doc__},
-       {"format", (PyCFunction) do_string_format, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, format__doc__},
-       {"__format__", (PyCFunction) string__format__, METH_VARARGS, p_format__doc__},
-       {"_formatter_field_name_split", (PyCFunction) formatter_field_name_split, METH_NOARGS},
-       {"_formatter_parser", (PyCFunction) formatter_parser, METH_NOARGS},
-       {"encode", (PyCFunction)string_encode, METH_VARARGS, encode__doc__},
-       {"decode", (PyCFunction)string_decode, METH_VARARGS, decode__doc__},
-       {"expandtabs", (PyCFunction)string_expandtabs, METH_VARARGS,
-        expandtabs__doc__},
-       {"splitlines", (PyCFunction)string_splitlines, METH_VARARGS,
-        splitlines__doc__},
-       {"__getnewargs__",      (PyCFunction)string_getnewargs, METH_NOARGS},
-       {NULL,     NULL}                     /* sentinel */
-};
-
-static PyObject *
-str_subtype_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds);
-
-static PyObject *
-string_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
-{
-       PyObject *x = NULL;
-       static char *kwlist[] = {"object", 0};
-
-       if (type != &PyBytes_Type)
-               return str_subtype_new(type, args, kwds);
-       if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "|O:str", kwlist, &x))
-               return NULL;
-       if (x == NULL)
-               return PyBytes_FromString("");
-       return PyObject_Str(x);
-}
-
-static PyObject *
-str_subtype_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
-{
-       PyObject *tmp, *pnew;
-       Py_ssize_t n;
-
-       assert(PyType_IsSubtype(type, &PyBytes_Type));
-       tmp = string_new(&PyBytes_Type, args, kwds);
-       if (tmp == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-       assert(PyBytes_CheckExact(tmp));
-       n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(tmp);
-       pnew = type->tp_alloc(type, n);
-       if (pnew != NULL) {
-               Py_MEMCPY(PyBytes_AS_STRING(pnew), PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp), n+1);
-               ((PyBytesObject *)pnew)->ob_shash =
-                       ((PyBytesObject *)tmp)->ob_shash;
-               ((PyBytesObject *)pnew)->ob_sstate = SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED;
-       }
-       Py_DECREF(tmp);
-       return pnew;
-}
-
-static PyObject *
-basestring_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
-{
-       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                       "The basestring type cannot be instantiated");
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-static PyObject *
-string_mod(PyObject *v, PyObject *w)
-{
-       if (!PyBytes_Check(v)) {
-               Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented);
-               return Py_NotImplemented;
-       }
-       return PyBytes_Format(v, w);
-}
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(basestring_doc,
-"Type basestring cannot be instantiated; it is the base for str and unicode.");
-
-static PyNumberMethods string_as_number = {
-       0,                      /*nb_add*/
-       0,                      /*nb_subtract*/
-       0,                      /*nb_multiply*/
-       0,                      /*nb_divide*/
-       string_mod,             /*nb_remainder*/
-};
-
-
-PyTypeObject PyBaseString_Type = {
-       PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
-       "basestring",
-       0,
-       0,
-       0,                                      /* tp_dealloc */
-       0,                                      /* tp_print */
-       0,                                      /* tp_getattr */
-       0,                                      /* tp_setattr */
-       0,                                      /* tp_compare */
-       0,                                      /* tp_repr */
-       0,                                      /* tp_as_number */
-       0,                                      /* tp_as_sequence */
-       0,                                      /* tp_as_mapping */
-       0,                                      /* tp_hash */
-       0,                                      /* tp_call */
-       0,                                      /* tp_str */
-       0,                                      /* tp_getattro */
-       0,                                      /* tp_setattro */
-       0,                                      /* tp_as_buffer */
-       Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, /* tp_flags */
-       basestring_doc,                         /* tp_doc */
-       0,                                      /* tp_traverse */
-       0,                                      /* tp_clear */
-       0,                                      /* tp_richcompare */
-       0,                                      /* tp_weaklistoffset */
-       0,                                      /* tp_iter */
-       0,                                      /* tp_iternext */
-       0,                                      /* tp_methods */
-       0,                                      /* tp_members */
-       0,                                      /* tp_getset */
-       &PyBaseObject_Type,                     /* tp_base */
-       0,                                      /* tp_dict */
-       0,                                      /* tp_descr_get */
-       0,                                      /* tp_descr_set */
-       0,                                      /* tp_dictoffset */
-       0,                                      /* tp_init */
-       0,                                      /* tp_alloc */
-       basestring_new,                         /* tp_new */
-       0,                                      /* tp_free */
-};
-
-PyDoc_STRVAR(string_doc,
-"str(object) -> string\n\
-\n\
-Return a nice string representation of the object.\n\
-If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object.");
-
-PyTypeObject PyBytes_Type = {
-       PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
-       "str",
-       sizeof(PyBytesObject),
-       sizeof(char),
-       string_dealloc,                         /* tp_dealloc */
-       (printfunc)string_print,                /* tp_print */
-       0,                                      /* tp_getattr */
-       0,                                      /* tp_setattr */
-       0,                                      /* tp_compare */
-       string_repr,                            /* tp_repr */
-       &string_as_number,                      /* tp_as_number */
-       &string_as_sequence,                    /* tp_as_sequence */
-       &string_as_mapping,                     /* tp_as_mapping */
-       (hashfunc)string_hash,                  /* tp_hash */
-       0,                                      /* tp_call */
-       string_str,                             /* tp_str */
-       PyObject_GenericGetAttr,                /* tp_getattro */
-       0,                                      /* tp_setattro */
-       &string_as_buffer,                      /* tp_as_buffer */
-       Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES |
-               Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_STRING_SUBCLASS |
-               Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_NEWBUFFER,      /* tp_flags */
-       string_doc,                             /* tp_doc */
-       0,                                      /* tp_traverse */
-       0,                                      /* tp_clear */
-       (richcmpfunc)string_richcompare,        /* tp_richcompare */
-       0,                                      /* tp_weaklistoffset */
-       0,                                      /* tp_iter */
-       0,                                      /* tp_iternext */
-       string_methods,                         /* tp_methods */
-       0,                                      /* tp_members */
-       0,                                      /* tp_getset */
-       &PyBaseString_Type,                     /* tp_base */
-       0,                                      /* tp_dict */
-       0,                                      /* tp_descr_get */
-       0,                                      /* tp_descr_set */
-       0,                                      /* tp_dictoffset */
-       0,                                      /* tp_init */
-       0,                                      /* tp_alloc */
-       string_new,                             /* tp_new */
-       PyObject_Del,                           /* tp_free */
-};
-
-void
-PyBytes_Concat(register PyObject **pv, register PyObject *w)
-{
-       register PyObject *v;
-       if (*pv == NULL)
-               return;
-       if (w == NULL || !PyBytes_Check(*pv)) {
-               Py_DECREF(*pv);
-               *pv = NULL;
-               return;
-       }
-       v = string_concat((PyBytesObject *) *pv, w);
-       Py_DECREF(*pv);
-       *pv = v;
-}
-
-void
-PyBytes_ConcatAndDel(register PyObject **pv, register PyObject *w)
-{
-       PyBytes_Concat(pv, w);
-       Py_XDECREF(w);
-}
-
-
-/* The following function breaks the notion that strings are immutable:
-   it changes the size of a string.  We get away with this only if there
-   is only one module referencing the object.  You can also think of it
-   as creating a new string object and destroying the old one, only
-   more efficiently.  In any case, don't use this if the string may
-   already be known to some other part of the code...
-   Note that if there's not enough memory to resize the string, the original
-   string object at *pv is deallocated, *pv is set to NULL, an "out of
-   memory" exception is set, and -1 is returned.  Else (on success) 0 is
-   returned, and the value in *pv may or may not be the same as on input.
-   As always, an extra byte is allocated for a trailing \0 byte (newsize
-   does *not* include that), and a trailing \0 byte is stored.
-*/
-
-int
-_PyBytes_Resize(PyObject **pv, Py_ssize_t newsize)
-{
-       register PyObject *v;
-       register PyBytesObject *sv;
-       v = *pv;
-       if (!PyBytes_Check(v) || Py_REFCNT(v) != 1 || newsize < 0 ||
-           PyBytes_CHECK_INTERNED(v)) {
-               *pv = 0;
-               Py_DECREF(v);
-               PyErr_BadInternalCall();
-               return -1;
-       }
-       /* XXX UNREF/NEWREF interface should be more symmetrical */
-       _Py_DEC_REFTOTAL;
-       _Py_ForgetReference(v);
-       *pv = (PyObject *)
-               PyObject_REALLOC((char *)v, sizeof(PyBytesObject) + newsize);
-       if (*pv == NULL) {
-               PyObject_Del(v);
-               PyErr_NoMemory();
-               return -1;
-       }
-       _Py_NewReference(*pv);
-       sv = (PyBytesObject *) *pv;
-       Py_SIZE(sv) = newsize;
-       sv->ob_sval[newsize] = '\0';
-       sv->ob_shash = -1;      /* invalidate cached hash value */
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Helpers for formatstring */
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *)
-getnextarg(PyObject *args, Py_ssize_t arglen, Py_ssize_t *p_argidx)
-{
-       Py_ssize_t argidx = *p_argidx;
-       if (argidx < arglen) {
-               (*p_argidx)++;
-               if (arglen < 0)
-                       return args;
-               else
-                       return PyTuple_GetItem(args, argidx);
-       }
-       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                       "not enough arguments for format string");
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-/* Format codes
- * F_LJUST     '-'
- * F_SIGN      '+'
- * F_BLANK     ' '
- * F_ALT       '#'
- * F_ZERO      '0'
- */
-#define F_LJUST (1<<0)
-#define F_SIGN (1<<1)
-#define F_BLANK (1<<2)
-#define F_ALT  (1<<3)
-#define F_ZERO (1<<4)
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(int)
-formatfloat(char *buf, size_t buflen, int flags,
-            int prec, int type, PyObject *v)
-{
-       /* fmt = '%#.' + `prec` + `type`
-          worst case length = 3 + 10 (len of INT_MAX) + 1 = 14 (use 20)*/
-       char fmt[20];
-       double x;
-       x = PyFloat_AsDouble(v);
-       if (x == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-               PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "float argument required, "
-                            "not %.200s", Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
-               return -1;
-       }
-       if (prec < 0)
-               prec = 6;
-       if (type == 'f' && fabs(x)/1e25 >= 1e25)
-               type = 'g';
-       /* Worst case length calc to ensure no buffer overrun:
-
-          'g' formats:
-            fmt = %#.<prec>g
-            buf = '-' + [0-9]*prec + '.' + 'e+' + (longest exp
-               for any double rep.)
-            len = 1 + prec + 1 + 2 + 5 = 9 + prec
-
-          'f' formats:
-            buf = '-' + [0-9]*x + '.' + [0-9]*prec (with x < 50)
-            len = 1 + 50 + 1 + prec = 52 + prec
-
-          If prec=0 the effective precision is 1 (the leading digit is
-          always given), therefore increase the length by one.
-
-       */
-       if (((type == 'g' || type == 'G') &&
-              buflen <= (size_t)10 + (size_t)prec) ||
-           (type == 'f' && buflen <= (size_t)53 + (size_t)prec)) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-                       "formatted float is too long (precision too large?)");
-               return -1;
-       }
-       PyOS_snprintf(fmt, sizeof(fmt), "%%%s.%d%c",
-                     (flags&F_ALT) ? "#" : "",
-                     prec, type);
-        PyOS_ascii_formatd(buf, buflen, fmt, x);
-       return (int)strlen(buf);
-}
-
-/* _PyBytes_FormatLong emulates the format codes d, u, o, x and X, and
- * the F_ALT flag, for Python's long (unbounded) ints.  It's not used for
- * Python's regular ints.
- * Return value:  a new PyString*, or NULL if error.
- *  .  *pbuf is set to point into it,
- *     *plen set to the # of chars following that.
- *     Caller must decref it when done using pbuf.
- *     The string starting at *pbuf is of the form
- *         "-"? ("0x" | "0X")? digit+
- *     "0x"/"0X" are present only for x and X conversions, with F_ALT
- *         set in flags.  The case of hex digits will be correct,
- *     There will be at least prec digits, zero-filled on the left if
- *         necessary to get that many.
- * val         object to be converted
- * flags       bitmask of format flags; only F_ALT is looked at
- * prec                minimum number of digits; 0-fill on left if needed
- * type                a character in [duoxX]; u acts the same as d
- *
- * CAUTION:  o, x and X conversions on regular ints can never
- * produce a '-' sign, but can for Python's unbounded ints.
- */
-PyObject*
-_PyBytes_FormatLong(PyObject *val, int flags, int prec, int type,
-                    char **pbuf, int *plen)
-{
-       PyObject *result = NULL;
-       char *buf;
-       Py_ssize_t i;
-       int sign;       /* 1 if '-', else 0 */
-       int len;        /* number of characters */
-       Py_ssize_t llen;
-       int numdigits;  /* len == numnondigits + numdigits */
-       int numnondigits = 0;
-
-       switch (type) {
-       case 'd':
-       case 'u':
-               result = Py_TYPE(val)->tp_str(val);
-               break;
-       case 'o':
-               result = Py_TYPE(val)->tp_as_number->nb_oct(val);
-               break;
-       case 'x':
-       case 'X':
-               numnondigits = 2;
-               result = Py_TYPE(val)->tp_as_number->nb_hex(val);
-               break;
-       default:
-               assert(!"'type' not in [duoxX]");
-       }
-       if (!result)
-               return NULL;
-
-       buf = PyBytes_AsString(result);
-       if (!buf) {
-               Py_DECREF(result);
-               return NULL;
-       }
-
-       /* To modify the string in-place, there can only be one reference. */
-       if (Py_REFCNT(result) != 1) {
-               PyErr_BadInternalCall();
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       llen = PyBytes_Size(result);
-       if (llen > INT_MAX) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "string too large in _PyBytes_FormatLong");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       len = (int)llen;
-       if (buf[len-1] == 'L') {
-               --len;
-               buf[len] = '\0';
-       }
-       sign = buf[0] == '-';
-       numnondigits += sign;
-       numdigits = len - numnondigits;
-       assert(numdigits > 0);
-
-       /* Get rid of base marker unless F_ALT */
-       if ((flags & F_ALT) == 0) {
-               /* Need to skip 0x, 0X or 0. */
-               int skipped = 0;
-               switch (type) {
-               case 'o':
-                       assert(buf[sign] == '0');
-                       /* If 0 is only digit, leave it alone. */
-                       if (numdigits > 1) {
-                               skipped = 1;
-                               --numdigits;
-                       }
-                       break;
-               case 'x':
-               case 'X':
-                       assert(buf[sign] == '0');
-                       assert(buf[sign + 1] == 'x');
-                       skipped = 2;
-                       numnondigits -= 2;
-                       break;
-               }
-               if (skipped) {
-                       buf += skipped;
-                       len -= skipped;
-                       if (sign)
-                               buf[0] = '-';
-               }
-               assert(len == numnondigits + numdigits);
-               assert(numdigits > 0);
-       }
-
-       /* Fill with leading zeroes to meet minimum width. */
-       if (prec > numdigits) {
-               PyObject *r1 = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL,
-                                       numnondigits + prec);
-               char *b1;
-               if (!r1) {
-                       Py_DECREF(result);
-                       return NULL;
-               }
-               b1 = PyBytes_AS_STRING(r1);
-               for (i = 0; i < numnondigits; ++i)
-                       *b1++ = *buf++;
-               for (i = 0; i < prec - numdigits; i++)
-                       *b1++ = '0';
-               for (i = 0; i < numdigits; i++)
-                       *b1++ = *buf++;
-               *b1 = '\0';
-               Py_DECREF(result);
-               result = r1;
-               buf = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
-               len = numnondigits + prec;
-       }
-
-       /* Fix up case for hex conversions. */
-       if (type == 'X') {
-               /* Need to convert all lower case letters to upper case.
-                  and need to convert 0x to 0X (and -0x to -0X). */
-               for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
-                       if (buf[i] >= 'a' && buf[i] <= 'x')
-                               buf[i] -= 'a'-'A';
-       }
-       *pbuf = buf;
-       *plen = len;
-       return result;
-}
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(int)
-formatint(char *buf, size_t buflen, int flags,
-          int prec, int type, PyObject *v)
-{
-       /* fmt = '%#.' + `prec` + 'l' + `type`
-          worst case length = 3 + 19 (worst len of INT_MAX on 64-bit machine)
-          + 1 + 1 = 24 */
-       char fmt[64];   /* plenty big enough! */
-       char *sign;
-       long x;
-
-       x = PyInt_AsLong(v);
-       if (x == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
-               PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "int argument required, not %.200s",
-                            Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
-               return -1;
-       }
-       if (x < 0 && type == 'u') {
-               type = 'd';
-       }
-       if (x < 0 && (type == 'x' || type == 'X' || type == 'o'))
-               sign = "-";
-       else
-               sign = "";
-       if (prec < 0)
-               prec = 1;
-
-       if ((flags & F_ALT) &&
-           (type == 'x' || type == 'X')) {
-               /* When converting under %#x or %#X, there are a number
-                * of issues that cause pain:
-                * - when 0 is being converted, the C standard leaves off
-                *   the '0x' or '0X', which is inconsistent with other
-                *   %#x/%#X conversions and inconsistent with Python's
-                *   hex() function
-                * - there are platforms that violate the standard and
-                *   convert 0 with the '0x' or '0X'
-                *   (Metrowerks, Compaq Tru64)
-                * - there are platforms that give '0x' when converting
-                *   under %#X, but convert 0 in accordance with the
-                *   standard (OS/2 EMX)
-                *
-                * We can achieve the desired consistency by inserting our
-                * own '0x' or '0X' prefix, and substituting %x/%X in place
-                * of %#x/%#X.
-                *
-                * Note that this is the same approach as used in
-                * formatint() in unicodeobject.c
-                */
-               PyOS_snprintf(fmt, sizeof(fmt), "%s0%c%%.%dl%c",
-                             sign, type, prec, type);
-       }
-       else {
-               PyOS_snprintf(fmt, sizeof(fmt), "%s%%%s.%dl%c",
-                             sign, (flags&F_ALT) ? "#" : "",
-                             prec, type);
-       }
-
-       /* buf = '+'/'-'/'' + '0'/'0x'/'' + '[0-9]'*max(prec, len(x in octal))
-        * worst case buf = '-0x' + [0-9]*prec, where prec >= 11
-        */
-       if (buflen <= 14 || buflen <= (size_t)3 + (size_t)prec) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
-                   "formatted integer is too long (precision too large?)");
-               return -1;
-       }
-       if (sign[0])
-               PyOS_snprintf(buf, buflen, fmt, -x);
-       else
-               PyOS_snprintf(buf, buflen, fmt, x);
-       return (int)strlen(buf);
-}
-
-Py_LOCAL_INLINE(int)
-formatchar(char *buf, size_t buflen, PyObject *v)
-{
-       /* presume that the buffer is at least 2 characters long */
-       if (PyBytes_Check(v)) {
-               if (!PyArg_Parse(v, "c;%c requires int or char", &buf[0]))
-                       return -1;
-       }
-       else {
-               if (!PyArg_Parse(v, "b;%c requires int or char", &buf[0]))
-                       return -1;
-       }
-       buf[1] = '\0';
-       return 1;
-}
-
-/* fmt%(v1,v2,...) is roughly equivalent to sprintf(fmt, v1, v2, ...)
-
-   FORMATBUFLEN is the length of the buffer in which the floats, ints, &
-   chars are formatted. XXX This is a magic number. Each formatting
-   routine does bounds checking to ensure no overflow, but a better
-   solution may be to malloc a buffer of appropriate size for each
-   format. For now, the current solution is sufficient.
-*/
-#define FORMATBUFLEN (size_t)120
-
-PyObject *
-PyBytes_Format(PyObject *format, PyObject *args)
-{
-       char *fmt, *res;
-       Py_ssize_t arglen, argidx;
-       Py_ssize_t reslen, rescnt, fmtcnt;
-       int args_owned = 0;
-       PyObject *result, *orig_args;
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-       PyObject *v, *w;
-#endif
-       PyObject *dict = NULL;
-       if (format == NULL || !PyBytes_Check(format) || args == NULL) {
-               PyErr_BadInternalCall();
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       orig_args = args;
-       fmt = PyBytes_AS_STRING(format);
-       fmtcnt = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(format);
-       reslen = rescnt = fmtcnt + 100;
-       result = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, reslen);
-       if (result == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-       res = PyBytes_AsString(result);
-       if (PyTuple_Check(args)) {
-               arglen = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
-               argidx = 0;
-       }
-       else {
-               arglen = -1;
-               argidx = -2;
-       }
-       if (Py_TYPE(args)->tp_as_mapping && !PyTuple_Check(args) &&
-           !PyObject_TypeCheck(args, &PyBaseString_Type))
-               dict = args;
-       while (--fmtcnt >= 0) {
-               if (*fmt != '%') {
-                       if (--rescnt < 0) {
-                               rescnt = fmtcnt + 100;
-                               reslen += rescnt;
-                               if (_PyBytes_Resize(&result, reslen) < 0)
-                                       return NULL;
-                               res = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result)
-                                       + reslen - rescnt;
-                               --rescnt;
-                       }
-                       *res++ = *fmt++;
-               }
-               else {
-                       /* Got a format specifier */
-                       int flags = 0;
-                       Py_ssize_t width = -1;
-                       int prec = -1;
-                       int c = '\0';
-                       int fill;
-                       int isnumok;
-                       PyObject *v = NULL;
-                       PyObject *temp = NULL;
-                       char *pbuf;
-                       int sign;
-                       Py_ssize_t len;
-                       char formatbuf[FORMATBUFLEN];
-                            /* For format{float,int,char}() */
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-                       char *fmt_start = fmt;
-                       Py_ssize_t argidx_start = argidx;
-#endif
-
-                       fmt++;
-                       if (*fmt == '(') {
-                               char *keystart;
-                               Py_ssize_t keylen;
-                               PyObject *key;
-                               int pcount = 1;
-
-                               if (dict == NULL) {
-                                       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                                                "format requires a mapping");
-                                       goto error;
-                               }
-                               ++fmt;
-                               --fmtcnt;
-                               keystart = fmt;
-                               /* Skip over balanced parentheses */
-                               while (pcount > 0 && --fmtcnt >= 0) {
-                                       if (*fmt == ')')
-                                               --pcount;
-                                       else if (*fmt == '(')
-                                               ++pcount;
-                                       fmt++;
-                               }
-                               keylen = fmt - keystart - 1;
-                               if (fmtcnt < 0 || pcount > 0) {
-                                       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                                                  "incomplete format key");
-                                       goto error;
-                               }
-                               key = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(keystart,
-                                                                keylen);
-                               if (key == NULL)
-                                       goto error;
-                               if (args_owned) {
-                                       Py_DECREF(args);
-                                       args_owned = 0;
-                               }
-                               args = PyObject_GetItem(dict, key);
-                               Py_DECREF(key);
-                               if (args == NULL) {
-                                       goto error;
-                               }
-                               args_owned = 1;
-                               arglen = -1;
-                               argidx = -2;
-                       }
-                       while (--fmtcnt >= 0) {
-                               switch (c = *fmt++) {
-                               case '-': flags |= F_LJUST; continue;
-                               case '+': flags |= F_SIGN; continue;
-                               case ' ': flags |= F_BLANK; continue;
-                               case '#': flags |= F_ALT; continue;
-                               case '0': flags |= F_ZERO; continue;
-                               }
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       if (c == '*') {
-                               v = getnextarg(args, arglen, &argidx);
-                               if (v == NULL)
-                                       goto error;
-                               if (!PyInt_Check(v)) {
-                                       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                                                       "* wants int");
-                                       goto error;
-                               }
-                               width = PyInt_AsLong(v);
-                               if (width < 0) {
-                                       flags |= F_LJUST;
-                                       width = -width;
-                               }
-                               if (--fmtcnt >= 0)
-                                       c = *fmt++;
-                       }
-                       else if (c >= 0 && isdigit(c)) {
-                               width = c - '0';
-                               while (--fmtcnt >= 0) {
-                                       c = Py_CHARMASK(*fmt++);
-                                       if (!isdigit(c))
-                                               break;
-                                       if ((width*10) / 10 != width) {
-                                               PyErr_SetString(
-                                                       PyExc_ValueError,
-                                                       "width too big");
-                                               goto error;
-                                       }
-                                       width = width*10 + (c - '0');
-                               }
-                       }
-                       if (c == '.') {
-                               prec = 0;
-                               if (--fmtcnt >= 0)
-                                       c = *fmt++;
-                               if (c == '*') {
-                                       v = getnextarg(args, arglen, &argidx);
-                                       if (v == NULL)
-                                               goto error;
-                                       if (!PyInt_Check(v)) {
-                                               PyErr_SetString(
-                                                       PyExc_TypeError,
-                                                       "* wants int");
-                                               goto error;
-                                       }
-                                       prec = PyInt_AsLong(v);
-                                       if (prec < 0)
-                                               prec = 0;
-                                       if (--fmtcnt >= 0)
-                                               c = *fmt++;
-                               }
-                               else if (c >= 0 && isdigit(c)) {
-                                       prec = c - '0';
-                                       while (--fmtcnt >= 0) {
-                                               c = Py_CHARMASK(*fmt++);
-                                               if (!isdigit(c))
-                                                       break;
-                                               if ((prec*10) / 10 != prec) {
-                                                       PyErr_SetString(
-                                                           PyExc_ValueError,
-                                                           "prec too big");
-                                                       goto error;
-                                               }
-                                               prec = prec*10 + (c - '0');
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       } /* prec */
-                       if (fmtcnt >= 0) {
-                               if (c == 'h' || c == 'l' || c == 'L') {
-                                       if (--fmtcnt >= 0)
-                                               c = *fmt++;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       if (fmtcnt < 0) {
-                               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                                               "incomplete format");
-                               goto error;
-                       }
-                       if (c != '%') {
-                               v = getnextarg(args, arglen, &argidx);
-                               if (v == NULL)
-                                       goto error;
-                       }
-                       sign = 0;
-                       fill = ' ';
-                       switch (c) {
-                       case '%':
-                               pbuf = "%";
-                               len = 1;
-                               break;
-                       case 's':
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-                               if (PyUnicode_Check(v)) {
-                                       fmt = fmt_start;
-                                       argidx = argidx_start;
-                                       goto unicode;
-                               }
-#endif
-                               temp = _PyObject_Str(v);
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-                               if (temp != NULL && PyUnicode_Check(temp)) {
-                                       Py_DECREF(temp);
-                                       fmt = fmt_start;
-                                       argidx = argidx_start;
-                                       goto unicode;
-                               }
-#endif
-                               /* Fall through */
-                       case 'r':
-                               if (c == 'r')
-                                       temp = PyObject_Repr(v);
-                               if (temp == NULL)
-                                       goto error;
-                               if (!PyBytes_Check(temp)) {
-                                       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                                         "%s argument has non-string str()");
-                                       Py_DECREF(temp);
-                                       goto error;
-                               }
-                               pbuf = PyBytes_AS_STRING(temp);
-                               len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(temp);
-                               if (prec >= 0 && len > prec)
-                                       len = prec;
-                               break;
-                       case 'i':
-                       case 'd':
-                       case 'u':
-                       case 'o':
-                       case 'x':
-                       case 'X':
-                               if (c == 'i')
-                                       c = 'd';
-                               isnumok = 0;
-                               if (PyNumber_Check(v)) {
-                                       PyObject *iobj=NULL;
-
-                                       if (PyInt_Check(v) || (PyLong_Check(v))) {
-                                               iobj = v;
-                                               Py_INCREF(iobj);
-                                       }
-                                       else {
-                                               iobj = PyNumber_Int(v);
-                                               if (iobj==NULL) iobj = PyNumber_Long(v);
-                                       }
-                                       if (iobj!=NULL) {
-                                               if (PyInt_Check(iobj)) {
-                                                       isnumok = 1;
-                                                       pbuf = formatbuf;
-                                                       len = formatint(pbuf,
-                                                                       sizeof(formatbuf),
-                                                                       flags, prec, c, iobj);
-                                                       Py_DECREF(iobj);
-                                                       if (len < 0)
-                                                               goto error;
-                                                       sign = 1;
-                                               }
-                                               else if (PyLong_Check(iobj)) {
-                                                       int ilen;
-                                                       
-                                                       isnumok = 1;
-                                                       temp = _PyBytes_FormatLong(iobj, flags,
-                                                               prec, c, &pbuf, &ilen);
-                                                       Py_DECREF(iobj);
-                                                       len = ilen;
-                                                       if (!temp)
-                                                               goto error;
-                                                       sign = 1;
-                                               }
-                                               else {
-                                                       Py_DECREF(iobj);
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               if (!isnumok) {
-                                       PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, 
-                                           "%%%c format: a number is required, "
-                                           "not %.200s", c, Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
-                                       goto error;
-                               }
-                               if (flags & F_ZERO)
-                                       fill = '0';
-                               break;
-                       case 'e':
-                       case 'E':
-                       case 'f':
-                       case 'F':
-                       case 'g':
-                       case 'G':
-                               if (c == 'F')
-                                       c = 'f';
-                               pbuf = formatbuf;
-                               len = formatfloat(pbuf, sizeof(formatbuf),
-                                                 flags, prec, c, v);
-                               if (len < 0)
-                                       goto error;
-                               sign = 1;
-                               if (flags & F_ZERO)
-                                       fill = '0';
-                               break;
-                       case 'c':
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
-                               if (PyUnicode_Check(v)) {
-                                       fmt = fmt_start;
-                                       argidx = argidx_start;
-                                       goto unicode;
-                               }
-#endif
-                               pbuf = formatbuf;
-                               len = formatchar(pbuf, sizeof(formatbuf), v);
-                               if (len < 0)
-                                       goto error;
-                               break;
-                       default:
-                               PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
-                                 "unsupported format character '%c' (0x%x) "
-                                 "at index %zd",
-                                 c, c,
-                                 (Py_ssize_t)(fmt - 1 -
-                                              PyBytes_AsString(format)));
-                               goto error;
-                       }
-                       if (sign) {
-                               if (*pbuf == '-' || *pbuf == '+') {
-                                       sign = *pbuf++;
-                                       len--;
-                               }
-                               else if (flags & F_SIGN)
-                                       sign = '+';
-                               else if (flags & F_BLANK)
-                                       sign = ' ';
-                               else
-                                       sign = 0;
-                       }
-                       if (width < len)
-                               width = len;
-                       if (rescnt - (sign != 0) < width) {
-                               reslen -= rescnt;
-                               rescnt = width + fmtcnt + 100;
-                               reslen += rescnt;
-                               if (reslen < 0) {
-                                       Py_DECREF(result);
-                                       Py_XDECREF(temp);
-                                       return PyErr_NoMemory();
-                               }
-                               if (_PyBytes_Resize(&result, reslen) < 0) {
-                                       Py_XDECREF(temp);
-                                       return NULL;
-                               }
-                               res = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result)
-                                       + reslen - rescnt;
-                       }
-                       if (sign) {
-                               if (fill != ' ')
-                                       *res++ = sign;
-                               rescnt--;
-                               if (width > len)
-                                       width--;
-                       }
-                       if ((flags & F_ALT) && (c == 'x' || c == 'X')) {
-                               assert(pbuf[0] == '0');
-                               assert(pbuf[1] == c);
-                               if (fill != ' ') {
-                                       *res++ = *pbuf++;
-                                       *res++ = *pbuf++;
-                               }
-                               rescnt -= 2;
-                               width -= 2;
-                               if (width < 0)
-                                       width = 0;
-                               len -= 2;
-                       }
-                       if (width > len && !(flags & F_LJUST)) {
-                               do {
-                                       --rescnt;
-                                       *res++ = fill;
-                               } while (--width > len);
-                       }
-                       if (fill == ' ') {
-                               if (sign)
-                                       *res++ = sign;
-                               if ((flags & F_ALT) &&
-                                   (c == 'x' || c == 'X')) {
-                                       assert(pbuf[0] == '0');
-                                       assert(pbuf[1] == c);
-                                       *res++ = *pbuf++;
-                                       *res++ = *pbuf++;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       Py_MEMCPY(res, pbuf, len);
-                       res += len;
-                       rescnt -= len;
-                       while (--width >= len) {
-                               --rescnt;
-                               *res++ = ' ';
-                       }
-                        if (dict && (argidx < arglen) && c != '%') {
-                                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                                           "not all arguments converted during string formatting");
-                                Py_XDECREF(temp);
-                                goto error;
-                        }
-                       Py_XDECREF(temp);
-               } /* '%' */
-       } /* until end */
-       if (argidx < arglen && !dict) {
-               PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                               "not all arguments converted during string formatting");
-               goto error;
-       }
-       if (args_owned) {
-               Py_DECREF(args);
-       }
-       _PyBytes_Resize(&result, reslen - rescnt);
-       return result;
-
-#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
- unicode:
-       if (args_owned) {
-               Py_DECREF(args);
-               args_owned = 0;
-       }
-       /* Fiddle args right (remove the first argidx arguments) */
-       if (PyTuple_Check(orig_args) && argidx > 0) {
-               PyObject *v;
-               Py_ssize_t n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(orig_args) - argidx;
-               v = PyTuple_New(n);
-               if (v == NULL)
-                       goto error;
-               while (--n >= 0) {
-                       PyObject *w = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(orig_args, n + argidx);
-                       Py_INCREF(w);
-                       PyTuple_SET_ITEM(v, n, w);
-               }
-               args = v;
-       } else {
-               Py_INCREF(orig_args);
-               args = orig_args;
-       }
-       args_owned = 1;
-       /* Take what we have of the result and let the Unicode formatting
-          function format the rest of the input. */
-       rescnt = res - PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
-       if (_PyBytes_Resize(&result, rescnt))
-               goto error;
-       fmtcnt = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(format) - \
-                (fmt - PyBytes_AS_STRING(format));
-       format = PyUnicode_Decode(fmt, fmtcnt, NULL, NULL);
-       if (format == NULL)
-               goto error;
-       v = PyUnicode_Format(format, args);
-       Py_DECREF(format);
-       if (v == NULL)
-               goto error;
-       /* Paste what we have (result) to what the Unicode formatting
-          function returned (v) and return the result (or error) */
-       w = PyUnicode_Concat(result, v);
-       Py_DECREF(result);
-       Py_DECREF(v);
-       Py_DECREF(args);
-       return w;
-#endif /* Py_USING_UNICODE */
-
- error:
-       Py_DECREF(result);
-       if (args_owned) {
-               Py_DECREF(args);
-       }
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-void
-PyBytes_InternInPlace(PyObject **p)
-{
-       register PyBytesObject *s = (PyBytesObject *)(*p);
-       PyObject *t;
-       if (s == NULL || !PyBytes_Check(s))
-               Py_FatalError("PyBytes_InternInPlace: strings only please!");
-       /* If it's a string subclass, we don't really know what putting
-          it in the interned dict might do. */
-       if (!PyBytes_CheckExact(s))
-               return;
-       if (PyBytes_CHECK_INTERNED(s))
-               return;
-       if (interned == NULL) {
-               interned = PyDict_New();
-               if (interned == NULL) {
-                       PyErr_Clear(); /* Don't leave an exception */
-                       return;
-               }
-       }
-       t = PyDict_GetItem(interned, (PyObject *)s);
-       if (t) {
-               Py_INCREF(t);
-               Py_DECREF(*p);
-               *p = t;
-               return;
-       }
-
-       if (PyDict_SetItem(interned, (PyObject *)s, (PyObject *)s) < 0) {
-               PyErr_Clear();
-               return;
-       }
-       /* The two references in interned are not counted by refcnt.
-          The string deallocator will take care of this */
-       Py_REFCNT(s) -= 2;
-       PyBytes_CHECK_INTERNED(s) = SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL;
-}
-
-void
-PyBytes_InternImmortal(PyObject **p)
-{
-       PyBytes_InternInPlace(p);
-       if (PyBytes_CHECK_INTERNED(*p) != SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL) {
-               PyBytes_CHECK_INTERNED(*p) = SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL;
-               Py_INCREF(*p);
-       }
-}
-
-
-PyObject *
-PyBytes_InternFromString(const char *cp)
-{
-       PyObject *s = PyBytes_FromString(cp);
-       if (s == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-       PyBytes_InternInPlace(&s);
-       return s;
-}
-
-void
-PyBytes_Fini(void)
-{
-       int i;
-       for (i = 0; i < UCHAR_MAX + 1; i++) {
-               Py_XDECREF(characters[i]);
-               characters[i] = NULL;
-       }
-       Py_XDECREF(nullstring);
-       nullstring = NULL;
-}
-
-void _Py_ReleaseInternedStrings(void)
-{
-       PyObject *keys;
-       PyBytesObject *s;
-       Py_ssize_t i, n;
-       Py_ssize_t immortal_size = 0, mortal_size = 0;
-
-       if (interned == NULL || !PyDict_Check(interned))
-               return;
-       keys = PyDict_Keys(interned);
-       if (keys == NULL || !PyList_Check(keys)) {
-               PyErr_Clear();
-               return;
-       }
-
-       /* Since _Py_ReleaseInternedStrings() is intended to help a leak
-          detector, interned strings are not forcibly deallocated; rather, we
-          give them their stolen references back, and then clear and DECREF
-          the interned dict. */
-
-       n = PyList_GET_SIZE(keys);
-       fprintf(stderr, "releasing %" PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T "d interned strings\n",
-               n);
-       for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-               s = (PyBytesObject *) PyList_GET_ITEM(keys, i);
-               switch (s->ob_sstate) {
-               case SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED:
-                       /* XXX Shouldn't happen */
-                       break;
-               case SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL:
-                       Py_REFCNT(s) += 1;
-                       immortal_size += Py_SIZE(s);
-                       break;
-               case SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL:
-                       Py_REFCNT(s) += 2;
-                       mortal_size += Py_SIZE(s);
-                       break;
-               default:
-                       Py_FatalError("Inconsistent interned string state.");
-               }
-               s->ob_sstate = SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED;
-       }
-       fprintf(stderr, "total size of all interned strings: "
-                       "%" PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T "d/%" PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T "d "
-                       "mortal/immortal\n", mortal_size, immortal_size);
-       Py_DECREF(keys);
-       PyDict_Clear(interned);
-       Py_DECREF(interned);
-       interned = NULL;
-}
index 357f71a43d46f90272557b0268882ecdac493ad4..a55f864d53c87a975780f904add1138647bd87a7 100644 (file)
                                RelativePath="..\Include\bytes_methods.h"
                                >
                        </File>
+                       <File
+                               RelativePath="..\Include\bytearrayobject.h"
+                               >
+                       </File>
                        <File
                                RelativePath="..\Include\bytesobject.h"
                                >
                                RelativePath="..\Objects\bytes_methods.c"
                                >
                        </File>
+                       <File
+                               RelativePath="..\Objects\bytearrayobject.c"
+                               >
+                       </File>
                        <File
                                RelativePath="..\Objects\bytesobject.c"
                                >
                                RelativePath="..\Objects\sliceobject.c"
                                >
                        </File>
-                       <File
-                               RelativePath="..\Objects\stringobject.c"
-                               >
-                       </File>
                        <File
                                RelativePath="..\Objects\structseq.c"
                                >