# For compatibility with old-style urllib responses.
def info(self):
- a Date representing the file’s last-modified time, a
+ '''Returns an instance of the class mimetools.Message containing
+ meta-information associated with the URL.
+
+ When the method is HTTP, these headers are those returned by
+ the server at the head of the retrieved HTML page (including
+ Content-Length and Content-Type).
+
+ When the method is FTP, a Content-Length header will be
+ present if (as is now usual) the server passed back a file
+ length in response to the FTP retrieval request. A
+ Content-Type header will be present if the MIME type can be
+ guessed.
+
+ When the method is local-file, returned headers will include
- containing a guess at the file’s type. See also the
++ a Date representing the file's last-modified time, a
+ Content-Length giving file size, and a Content-Type
++ containing a guess at the file's type. See also the
+ description of the mimetools module.
+
+ '''
return self.headers
def geturl(self):
_opener = None
def urlopen(url, data=None, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
*, cafile=None, capath=None, cadefault=False, context=None):
- * geturl() — return the URL of the resource retrieved, commonly used to
+ '''Open the URL url, which can be either a string or a Request object.
+
+ *data* must be a bytes object specifying additional data to be sent to the
+ server, or None if no such data is needed. data may also be an iterable
+ object and in that case Content-Length value must be specified in the
+ headers. Currently HTTP requests are the only ones that use data; the HTTP
+ request will be a POST instead of a GET when the data parameter is
+ provided.
+
+ *data* should be a buffer in the standard application/x-www-form-urlencoded
+ format. The urllib.parse.urlencode() function takes a mapping or sequence
+ of 2-tuples and returns an ASCII text string in this format. It should be
+ encoded to bytes before being used as the data parameter.
+
+ urllib.request module uses HTTP/1.1 and includes a "Connection:close"
+ header in its HTTP requests.
+
+ The optional *timeout* parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for
+ blocking operations like the connection attempt (if not specified, the
+ global default timeout setting will be used). This only works for HTTP,
+ HTTPS and FTP connections.
+
+ If *context* is specified, it must be a ssl.SSLContext instance describing
+ the various SSL options. See HTTPSConnection for more details.
+
+ The optional *cafile* and *capath* parameters specify a set of trusted CA
+ certificates for HTTPS requests. cafile should point to a single file
+ containing a bundle of CA certificates, whereas capath should point to a
+ directory of hashed certificate files. More information can be found in
+ ssl.SSLContext.load_verify_locations().
+
+ The *cadefault* parameter is ignored.
+
+ For http and https urls, this function returns a http.client.HTTPResponse
+ object which has the following HTTPResponse Objects methods.
+
+ For ftp, file, and data urls and requests explicitly handled by legacy
+ URLopener and FancyURLopener classes, this function returns a
+ urllib.response.addinfourl object which can work as context manager and has
+ methods such as:
+
- * info() — return the meta-information of the page, such as headers, in the
++ * geturl() - return the URL of the resource retrieved, commonly used to
+ determine if a redirect was followed
+
- * getcode() – return the HTTP status code of the response. Raises URLError
++ * info() - return the meta-information of the page, such as headers, in the
+ form of an email.message_from_string() instance (see Quick Reference to
+ HTTP Headers)
+
++ * getcode() - return the HTTP status code of the response. Raises URLError
+ on errors.
+
+ Note that *None& may be returned if no handler handles the request (though
+ the default installed global OpenerDirector uses UnknownHandler to ensure
+ this never happens).
+
+ In addition, if proxy settings are detected (for example, when a *_proxy
+ environment variable like http_proxy is set), ProxyHandler is default
+ installed and makes sure the requests are handled through the proxy.
+
+ '''
global _opener
if cafile or capath or cadefault:
if context is not None: