Unicode data is usually converted to a particular encoding before it gets
written to disk or sent over a socket. It's possible to do all the work
-yourself: open a file, read an 8-bit bytes object from it, and convert the string
+yourself: open a file, read an 8-bit bytes object from it, and convert the bytes
with ``bytes.decode(encoding)``. However, the manual approach is not recommended.
One problem is the multi-byte nature of encodings; one Unicode character can be