>>> ExpandEnvironmentStrings(u"%windir%")
u"C:\\Windows"
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: FlushKey(key)
will automatically close *key* when control leaves the :keyword:`with` block.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
Specifies the Content-Type HTTP header of error responses sent to the client.
The default value is ``'text/html'``.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
- Previously, the content type was always ``'text/html'``.
-
.. attribute:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.protocol_version
Return phase, also known as the argument, of a complex.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: polar(x)
*r* and *phi*. *r* is the distance from 0 and *phi* the phase
angle.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: rect(r, phi)
Convert from polar coordinates to rectangular coordinates and return
a :class:`complex`.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
cmath functions
continuous from the right. The other extends from ``-1j`` along
the imaginary axis to ``-∞j``, continuous from the left.
- .. versionchanged:: 2.6
- branch cuts moved to match those recommended by the C99 standard
-
.. function:: atan(x)
other extends from ``-1j`` along the imaginary axis to ``-∞j``, continuous
from the left.
- .. versionchanged:: 2.6
- direction of continuity of upper cut reversed
-
.. function:: atanh(x)
other extends from ``-1`` along the real axis to ``-∞``, continuous from
above.
- .. versionchanged:: 2.6
- direction of continuity of right cut reversed
-
.. function:: cos(x)
Return *True* if the real or the imaginary part of x is positive
or negative infinity.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: isnan(x)
Return *True* if the real or imaginary part of x is not a number (NaN).
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: log(x[, base])
.. class:: _SimpleCData
- This non-public class is the base class of all fundamental ctypes data types. It
- is mentioned here because it contains the common attributes of the fundamental
- ctypes data types. ``_SimpleCData`` is a subclass of ``_CData``, so it inherits
- their methods and attributes.
-
- .. versionchanged:: 2.6
- ctypes data types that are not and do not contain pointers can
- now be pickled.
+ This non-public class is the base class of all fundamental ctypes data
+ types. It is mentioned here because it contains the common attributes of the
+ fundamental ctypes data types. ``_SimpleCData`` is a subclass of ``_CData``,
+ so it inherits their methods and attributes. ctypes data types that are not
+ and do not contain pointers can now be pickled.
Instances have a single attribute:
which expands to the number of microseconds in the object, zero-padded on
the left to six places.
-.. versionadded:: 2.6
-
For a naive object, the ``%z`` and ``%Z`` format codes are replaced by empty
strings.
Once constructed, :class:`Decimal` objects are immutable.
- .. versionchanged:: 2.6
- leading and trailing whitespace characters are permitted when
- creating a Decimal instance from a string.
Decimal floating point objects share many properties with the other built-in
numeric types such as :class:`float` and :class:`int`. All of the usual math
Return a :term:`named tuple` representation of the number:
``DecimalTuple(sign, digits, exponent)``.
- .. versionchanged:: 2.6
- Use a named tuple.
-
.. method:: Decimal.canonical()
If no blocks match, this returns ``(alo, blo, 0)``.
- .. versionchanged:: 2.6
- This method returns a :term:`named tuple` ``Match(a, b, size)``.
+ This method returns a :term:`named tuple` ``Match(a, b, size)``.
.. method:: SequenceMatcher.get_matching_blocks()
The optional *verbose* argument controls how detailed the summary is. If the
verbosity is not specified, then the :class:`DocTestRunner`'s verbosity is used.
- .. versionchanged:: 2.6
- Use a named tuple.
-
.. _doctest-outputchecker:
:synopsis: Rational numbers.
.. moduleauthor:: Jeffrey Yasskin <jyasskin at gmail.com>
.. sectionauthor:: Jeffrey Yasskin <jyasskin at gmail.com>
-.. versionadded:: 2.6
The :mod:`fractions` module defines an immutable, infinite-precision
This function raises :exc:`SyntaxError` if the compiled source is invalid,
and :exc:`TypeError` if the source contains null bytes.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
- Support for compiling AST objects.
-
.. function:: complex([real[, imag]])
Pop and return the smallest item from the *heap*, maintaining the heap
invariant. If the heap is empty, :exc:`IndexError` is raised.
+
.. function:: heappushpop(heap, item)
Push *item* on the heap, then pop and return the smallest item from the
*heap*. The combined action runs more efficiently than :func:`heappush`
followed by a separate call to :func:`heappop`.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
.. function:: heapify(x)
for element in it:
yield element
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: combinations(iterable, r)
if sorted(indices) == list(indices):
yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices)
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
.. function:: count([n])
if len(set(indices)) == r:
yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices)
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
.. function:: product(*iterables[, repeat])
for args in iterable:
yield function(*args)
- .. versionchanged:: 2.6
- Previously, :func:`starmap` required the function arguments to be tuples.
- Now, any iterable is allowed.
-
.. function:: takewhile(predicate, iterable)
2008-01-18 14:49:54,033 d.e.f WARNING IP: 192.168.0.1 User: sheila A message at WARNING level with 2 parameters
2008-01-18 14:49:54,033 d.e.f WARNING IP: 127.0.0.1 User: jim A message at WARNING level with 2 parameters
-.. versionadded:: 2.6
-
-The :class:`LoggerAdapter` class was not present in previous versions.
-
.. _network-logging:
LoggerAdapter Objects
---------------------
-.. versionadded:: 2.6
-
:class:`LoggerAdapter` instances are used to conveniently pass contextual
information into logging calls. For a usage example , see the section on
`adding contextual information to your logging output`__.
Return the :class:`Real` value *x* truncated to an :class:`Integral` (usually
a long integer). Delegates to ``x.__trunc__()``.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
Note that :func:`frexp` and :func:`modf` have a different call/return pattern
than their C equivalents: they take a single argument and return a pair of
Return the natural logarithm of *1+x* (base *e*). The
result is calculated in a way which is accurate for *x* near zero.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: log10(x)
``x`` is negative, and ``y`` is not an integer then ``pow(x, y)``
is undefined, and raises :exc:`ValueError`.
- .. versionchanged:: 2.6
- The outcome of ``1**nan`` and ``nan**0`` was undefined.
-
.. function:: sqrt(x)
Return the inverse hyperbolic cosine of *x*.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: asinh(x)
Return the inverse hyperbolic sine of *x*.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: atanh(x)
Return the inverse hyperbolic tangent of *x*.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: cosh(x)
>>> itemgetter(slice(2,None))('ABCDEFG')
'CDEFG'
- .. versionadded:: 2.4
Example of using :func:`itemgetter` to retrieve specific fields from a
tuple record:
opcodes. The optimized pickle is shorter, takes less transmission time,
requires less storage space, and unpickles more efficiently.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
.. sectionauthor:: Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
.. (harvested from docstrings in the original file)
-.. versionchanged:: 2.6
- This module was previously only available in the Mac-specific library, it is
- now available for all platforms.
-
.. index::
pair: plist; file
single: property list
Dictionaries are sorted by key before the display is computed.
-.. versionchanged:: 2.6
- Added support for :class:`set` and :class:`frozenset`.
-
The :mod:`pprint` module defines one class:
.. First the implementation class:
files named on the command line. The exit status is nonzero if one of the files
could not be compiled.
-.. versionchanged:: 2.6
-
- Added the nonzero exit status.
-
.. seealso::
to this attribute.
When the size is changed, the buffer will be flushed.
- .. versionchanged:: 2.6
- The buffer size can now be changed.
-
.. attribute:: xmlparser.buffer_text
block once this size has been reached, until queue items are consumed. If
*maxsize* is less than or equal to zero, the queue size is infinite.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. class:: PriorityQueue(maxsize)
one returned by ``sorted(list(entries))[0]``). A typical pattern for entries
is a tuple in the form: ``(priority_number, data)``.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. exception:: Empty
Return a random floating point number *N* such that ``a <= N < b``.
+
.. function:: triangular(low, high, mode)
Return a random floating point number *N* such that ``low <= N < high`` and
default to zero and one. The *mode* argument defaults to the midpoint
between the bounds, giving a symmetric distribution.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: betavariate(alpha, beta)
Read-only attribute returning a list of upcoming events in the order they
will be run. Each event is shown as a :term:`named tuple` with the
following fields: time, priority, action, argument.
-
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
section :ref:`epoll-objects` below for the methods supported by epolling
objects.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: poll()
(Only supported on BSD.) Returns a kernel queue object object; see section
:ref:`kqueue-objects` below for the methods supported by kqueue objects.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: kqueue(ident, filter=KQ_FILTER_READ, flags=KQ_ADD, fflags=0, data=0, udata=0)
(Only supported on BSD.) Returns a kernel event object object; see section
:ref:`kevent-objects` below for the methods supported by kqueue objects.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: select(iwtd, owtd, ewtd[, timeout])
that was never registered causes an :exc:`IOError` exception with errno
:const:`ENOENT` to be raised.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. method:: poll.unregister(fd)
information return by :func:`sys.exc_info`. Exceptions raised by *onerror*
will not be caught.
- .. versionchanged:: 2.6
- Explicitly check for *path* being a symbolic link and raise :exc:`OSError`
- in that case.
-
.. function:: move(src, dst)
Attempting to pass an invalid interval timer will cause a
:exc:`ItimerError`.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: getitimer(which)
Returns current value of a given interval timer specified by *which*.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: set_wakeup_fd(fd)
behaviour to interruptible by implicitly calling :cfunc:`siginterrupt` with a true *flag*
value for the given signal.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: signal(signalnum, handler)
.. method:: Connection.set_progress_handler(handler, n)
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
This routine registers a callback. The callback is invoked for every *n*
instructions of the SQLite virtual machine. This is useful if you want to
get called from SQLite during long-running operations, for example to update
the same capabilities as the :kbd:`.dump` command in the :program:`sqlite3`
shell.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
Example::
# Convert file existing_db.db to SQL dump file dump.sql
Using the connection as a context manager
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-.. versionadded:: 2.6
-
Connection objects can be used as context managers
that automatically commit or rollback transactions. In the event of an
exception, the transaction is rolled back; otherwise, the transaction is
On Windows only SIGTERM is supported so far. It's an alias for
:meth:`terminate`.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. method:: Popen.terminate()
child. On Windows the Win32 API function TerminateProcess is called
to stop the child.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. method:: Popen.kill()
Kills the child. On Posix OSs the function sends SIGKILL to the child.
On Windows :meth:`kill` is an alias for :meth:`terminate`.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
The following attributes are also available:
This function should be used for specialized purposes only.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: _clear_type_cache()
This function should be used for internal and specialized purposes only.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: _current_frames()
| :const:`unicode` | -U |
+------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. data:: float_info
Get the profiler function as set by :func:`setprofile`.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: gettrace()
implementation platform, rather than part of the language definition,
and thus may not be available in all Python implementations.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: getwindowsversion()
environment variable, but you can set it yourself to control bytecode file
generation.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. function:: setcheckinterval(interval)
filename or a :class:`ZipInfo` object. *pwd* is the password used for
encrypted files.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. method:: ZipFile.extractall([path[, members[, pwd]]])
be a subset of the list returned by :meth:`namelist`. *pwd* is the password
used for encrypted files.
- .. versionadded:: 2.6
-
.. method:: ZipFile.printdir()
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