operations.
\end{funcdesc}
-\begin{funcdesc}{compile}{string, filename, kind\optional{,
+\begin{funcdesc}{compile}{string, filename, kind\optional{,
flags\optional{, dont_inherit}}}
Compile the \var{string} into a code object. Code objects can be
executed by an \keyword{exec} statement or evaluated by a call to
\begin{funcdesc}{locals}{}
Return a dictionary representing the current local symbol table.
\strong{Warning:} The contents of this dictionary should not be
-modified; changes may not affect the values of local variables used by
+modified; changes may not affect the values of local variables used by
the interpreter.
\end{funcdesc}
ignored). If the file cannot be opened, \exception{IOError} is
raised.
- If \var{mode} is omitted, it defaults to \code{'r'}. When opening a
+ If \var{mode} is omitted, it defaults to \code{'r'}. When opening a
binary file, you should append \code{'b'} to the \var{mode} value
for improved portability. (It's useful even on systems which don't
treat binary and text files differently, where it serves as
case, all arguments are converted to float and a float result is
delivered. For example, \code{10**2} returns \code{100}, but
\code{10**-2} returns \code{0.01}. (This last feature was added in
- Python 2.2. In Python 2.1 and before, a negative second argument
- would raise an exception.)
+ Python 2.2. In Python 2.1 and before, if both arguments were of integer
+ types and the second argument was negative, an exception was raised.)
+ If the second argument is negative, the third argument must be omitted.
+ If \var{z} is present, \var{x} and \var{y} must be of integer types,
+ and \var{y} must be non-negative. (This restriction was added in
+ Python 2.2. In Python 2.1 and before, floating 3-argument \code{pow()}
+ returned platform-dependent results depending on floating-point
+ rounding accidents.)
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{range}{\optional{start,} stop\optional{, step}}
The returned dictionary should not be modified: the effects on the
corresponding symbol table are undefined.\footnote{
In the current implementation, local variable bindings cannot
- normally be affected this way, but variables retrieved from
+ normally be affected this way, but variables retrieved from
other scopes (such as modules) can be. This may change.}
\end{funcdesc}
-3L -3L
-7L -7L
-3.0 3.0
--5.0 -5.0
--1.0 -1.0
--7.0 -7.0
if fcmp(pow(2.,20), 1024.*1024.): raise TestFailed, 'pow(2.,20)'
if fcmp(pow(2.,30), 1024.*1024.*1024.): raise TestFailed, 'pow(2.,30)'
#
-# XXX These don't work -- negative float to the float power...
-#if fcmp(pow(-2.,0), 1.): raise TestFailed, 'pow(-2.,0)'
-#if fcmp(pow(-2.,1), -2.): raise TestFailed, 'pow(-2.,1)'
-#if fcmp(pow(-2.,2), 4.): raise TestFailed, 'pow(-2.,2)'
-#if fcmp(pow(-2.,3), -8.): raise TestFailed, 'pow(-2.,3)'
-#
+if fcmp(pow(-2.,0), 1.): raise TestFailed, 'pow(-2.,0)'
+if fcmp(pow(-2.,1), -2.): raise TestFailed, 'pow(-2.,1)'
+if fcmp(pow(-2.,2), 4.): raise TestFailed, 'pow(-2.,2)'
+if fcmp(pow(-2.,3), -8.): raise TestFailed, 'pow(-2.,3)'
+
+from types import FloatType
for x in 2, 2L, 2.0:
for y in 10, 10L, 10.0:
for z in 1000, 1000L, 1000.0:
- if fcmp(pow(x, y, z), 24.0):
- raise TestFailed, 'pow(%s, %s, %s)' % (x, y, z)
+ if isinstance(x, FloatType) or \
+ isinstance(y, FloatType) or \
+ isinstance(z, FloatType):
+ try:
+ pow(x, y, z)
+ except TypeError:
+ pass
+ else:
+ raise TestFailed("3-arg float pow() should have "
+ "raised TypeError %r" % (x, y, z))
+ else:
+ if fcmp(pow(x, y, z), 24.0):
+ raise TestFailed, 'pow(%s, %s, %s)' % (x, y, z)
print 'range'
if range(3) != [0, 1, 2]: raise TestFailed, 'range(3)'
checkit(x, '**', y)
for z in special:
- if z != 0:
- expected = pow(longx, longy, long(z))
- got = pow(x, y, z)
- checkit('pow', x, y, '%', z)
+ if z != 0 :
+ if y >= 0:
+ expected = pow(longx, longy, long(z))
+ got = pow(x, y, z)
+ checkit('pow', x, y, '%', z)
+ else:
+ try:
+ pow(longx, longy, long(z))
+ except TypeError:
+ pass
+ else:
+ raise TestFailed("pow%r should have raised "
+ "TypeError" % ((longx, longy, long(z))))
# ---------------------------------------------------------------- do it
for j in range(jl, jh+1):
for k in range(kl, kh+1):
if k != 0:
+ if type == float or j < 0:
+ try:
+ pow(type(i),j,k)
+ except TypeError:
+ pass
+ else:
+ raise TestFailed("expected TypeError from "
+ "pow%r" % ((type(i), j, k)))
+ continue
if compare(pow(type(i),j,k), pow(type(i),j)% type(k)):
raise ValueError, "pow(" +str(i)+ "," +str(j)+ \
"," +str(k)+ ") != pow(" +str(i)+ "," + \
print `pow(5L,2) % -8`, `pow(5L,2,-8)`
print
-print pow(3.0,3.0) % 8, pow(3.0,3.0,8)
-print pow(3.0,3.0) % -8, pow(3.0,3.0,-8)
-print pow(3.0,2) % -2, pow(3.0,2,-2)
-print pow(5.0,2) % -8, pow(5.0,2,-8)
print
for i in range(-10, 11):
if j >= 0 and k != 0:
o = pow(long(i),j) % k
n = pow(long(i),j,k)
- if o != n: print 'Long mismatch:', i,j,k
- if i >= 0 and k != 0:
- o = pow(float(i),j) % k
- n = pow(float(i),j,k)
- if o != n: print 'Float mismatch:', i,j,k
Core
+- The 3-argument builtin pow() no longer allows a third non-None argument
+ if either of the first two arguments is a float, or if both are of
+ integer types and the second argument is negative (in which latter case
+ the arguments are converted to float, so this is really the same
+ restriction).
+
- The builtin dir() now returns more information, and sometimes much
more, generally naming all attributes of an object, and all attributes
reachable from the object via its class, and from its class's base
float_pow(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, PyObject *z)
{
double iv, iw, ix;
- /* XXX Doesn't handle overflows if z!=None yet; it may never do so :(
- * The z parameter is really only going to be useful for integers and
- * long integers. Maybe something clever with logarithms could be done.
- * [AMK]
- */
+
+ if ((PyObject *)z != Py_None) {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+ "3rd argument to floating pow() must be None");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
CONVERT_TO_DOUBLE(v, iv);
CONVERT_TO_DOUBLE(w, iw);
PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OverflowError);
return NULL;
}
- if ((PyObject *)z != Py_None) {
- double iz;
- CONVERT_TO_DOUBLE(z, iz);
- PyFPE_START_PROTECT("pow", return 0)
- ix = fmod(ix, iz); /* XXX To Be Rewritten */
- if (ix != 0 && ((iv < 0 && iz > 0) || (iv > 0 && iz < 0) )) {
- ix += iz;
- }
- PyFPE_END_PROTECT(ix)
- }
return PyFloat_FromDouble(ix);
}
CONVERT_TO_LONG(v, iv);
CONVERT_TO_LONG(w, iw);
if (iw < 0) {
+ if ((PyObject *)z != Py_None) {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "integer pow() arg "
+ "3 must not be specified when arg 2 is < 0");
+ return NULL;
+ }
/* Return a float. This works because we know that
this calls float_pow() which converts its
arguments to double. */
size_b = b->ob_size;
if (size_b < 0) {
- /* Return a float. This works because we know that
- this calls float_pow() which converts its
- arguments to double. */
Py_DECREF(a);
Py_DECREF(b);
Py_DECREF(c);
+ if (x != Py_None) {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "integer pow() arg "
+ "3 must not be specified when arg 2 is < 0");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ /* Return a float. This works because we know that
+ this calls float_pow() which converts its
+ arguments to double. */
return PyFloat_Type.tp_as_number->nb_power(v, w, x);
}
z = (PyLongObject *)PyLong_FromLong(1L);
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