buffered interface to random access streams. :class:`BytesIO` is a simple
stream of in-memory bytes.
-Another :class:`IOBase` subclass, :class:`TextIOBase` deals with the encoding
+Another :class:`IOBase` subclass, :class:`TextIOBase`, deals with the encoding
and decoding of streams into text. :class:`TextIOWrapper`, which extends it, is
a buffered text interface to a buffered raw stream (:class:`BufferedIOBase`).
Finally, :class:`StringIO` is a in-memory stream for text.
+Argument names are not part of the specification, and only the arguments of
+:func:`open()` are intended to be used as keyword arguments.
+
Module Interface
----------------
.. data:: DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
An int containing the default buffer size used by the module's buffered I/O
- classes. :func:`open` uses the file's blksize (as obtained by os.stat) if
- possible.
+ classes. :func:`open()` uses the file's blksize (as obtained by
+ :func:`os.stat`) if possible.
.. function:: open(file[, mode[, buffering[, encoding[, errors[, newline[, closefd=True]]]]]])
access, the mode ``'w+b'`` opens and truncates the file to 0 bytes, while
``'r+b'`` opens the file without truncation.
- Python distinguishes between files opened in binary and text modes, even
- when the underlying operating system doesn't. Files opened in binary
- mode (appending ``'b'`` to the *mode* argument) return contents as
- ``bytes`` objects without any decoding. In text mode (the default, or when
- ``'t'`` is appended to the *mode* argument) the contents of
- the file are returned as strings, the bytes having been first decoded
- using a platform-dependent encoding or using the specified *encoding*
- if given.
+ Python distinguishes between files opened in binary and text modes, even when
+ the underlying operating system doesn't. Files opened in binary mode
+ (appending ``'b'`` to the *mode* argument) return contents as ``bytes``
+ objects without any decoding. In text mode (the default, or when ``'t'`` is
+ appended to the *mode* argument), the contents of the file are returned as
+ strings, the bytes having been first decoded using a platform-dependent
+ encoding or using the specified *encoding* if given.
*buffering* is an optional integer used to set the buffering policy. By
- default full buffering is on. Pass 0 to switch buffering off (only allowed in
- binary mode), 1 to set line buffering, and an integer > 1 for full buffering.
+ default full buffering is on. Pass 0 to switch buffering off (only allowed
+ in binary mode), 1 to set line buffering, and an integer > 1 for full
+ buffering.
*encoding* is the name of the encoding used to decode or encode the file.
This should only be used in text mode. The default encoding is platform
file that cannot be read, written or seeked.
Even though :class:`IOBase` does not declare :meth:`read`, :meth:`readinto`,
- :meth:`seek`, or :meth:`write` because their signatures will vary,
- implementations and clients should consider those methods part of the
- interface. Also, implementations may raise a :exc:`IOError` when operations
- they do not support are called.
+ or :meth:`write` because their signatures will vary, implementations and
+ clients should consider those methods part of the interface. Also,
+ implementations may raise a :exc:`IOError` when operations they do not
+ support are called.
The basic type used for binary data read from or written to a file is
:class:`bytes`. :class:`bytearray`\s are accepted too, and in some cases
(such as :class:`readinto`) needed. Text I/O classes work with :class:`str`
data.
- Note that calling any method (even inquiries) on a closed file is undefined.
- Implementations may raise :exc:`IOError` in this case.
+ Note that calling any method (even inquiries) on a closed stream is
+ undefined. Implementations may raise :exc:`IOError` in this case.
IOBase (and its subclasses) support the iterator protocol, meaning that an
:class:`IOBase` object can be iterated over yielding the lines in a stream.
.. method:: fileno()
Return the underlying file descriptor (an integer) of the stream, if it
- exists. Raises :exc:`IOError` if the IO object does not use a file
+ exists. An :exc:`IOError` is raised if the IO object does not use a file
descriptor.
.. method:: flush()
- Flush the write buffers of the stream if applicable. This is a no-op for
- read-only and non-blocking streams.
+ Flush the write buffers of the stream if applicable. This is not
+ implemented for read-only and non-blocking streams.
.. method:: isatty()
Read and return a line from the stream. If *limit* is specified, at most
*limit* bytes will be read.
- The line terminator is always ``b'\n'`` for binary files; for text files
- the *newlines* argument to :func:`.open` can be used to select the line
+ The line terminator is always ``b'\n'`` for binary files; for text files,
+ the *newlines* argument to :func:`.open()` can be used to select the line
terminator(s) recognized.
.. method:: readlines([hint])
control the number of lines read: no more lines will be read if the total
size (in bytes/characters) of all lines so far exceeds *hint*.
+ .. method:: seek(offset[, whence])
+
+ Change the stream position to byte offset *offset*. *offset* is
+ interpreted relative to the position indicated by *whence*. Values for
+ *whence* are:
+
+ * ``0`` -- start of stream (the default); *pos* should be zero or positive
+ * ``1`` -- current stream position; *pos* may be negative
+ * ``2`` -- end of stream; *pos* is usually negative
+
+ Return the new absolute position.
+
.. method:: seekable()
Tell if a stream supports random IO access. If ``False``, :meth:`seek`,
Return an integer indicating the current stream position.
+ .. method:: truncate([pos])
+
+ Truncate the file to at most *pos* bytes. *pos* defaults to the current
+ file position, as returned by :meth:`tell`.
+
.. method:: writable()
Tell if a stream supports writing. If ``False``, :meth:`write` and
.. method:: readall()
- Read and return all bytes from the stream until EOF.
+ Read and return all bytes from the stream until EOF, using multiple calls
+ to the stream.
+
+ .. method:: readinto(b)
+
+ Read up to len(b) bytes into bytearray *b* and return the number of bytes
+ read.
+
+ .. method:: write(b)
+
+ Write the given bytes, *b*, to the underlying raw stream and return the
+ number of bytes written (never less than ``len(b)``).
Raw File I/O
This method should not be used on :class:`FileIO` objects.
- .. method:: seek(offset, [whence])
-
- Change the stream position to byte offset *pos*. *pos* is interpreted
- relative to the position indicated by *whence*. Values for *whence* are:
-
- * ``0`` -- start of stream (the default); *pos* should be zero or positive
- * ``1`` -- current stream position; *pos* may be negative
- * ``2`` -- end of stream; *pos* is usually negative
-
- Return the new absolute position.
-
- .. method:: truncate([pos])
-
- Truncate the file to at most *pos* bytes. *pos* defaults to the current
- file position, as returned by :meth:`tell`.
-
.. method:: write(b)
Write the bytes *b* to the file, and return the number actually written.
A :exc:`BlockingIOError` is raised if the underlying raw stream has no
data at the moment.
- .. method:: seek(pos[, whence])
-
- Change the stream position to byte offset *pos*. *pos* is interpreted
- relative to the position indicated by *whence*. Values for *whence* are:
-
- * ``0`` -- start of stream (the default); *pos* should be zero or positive
- * ``1`` -- current stream position; *pos* may be negative
- * ``2`` -- end of stream; *pos* is usually negative
-
- Return the new absolute position.
-
.. method:: write(b)
- Write the given bytes to the underlying raw stream and return the number
- of bytes written (never less than ``len(b)``).
+ Write the given bytes, *b*, to the underlying raw stream and return the
+ number of bytes written (never less than ``len(b)``).
A :exc:`BlockingIOError` is raised if the buffer is full, and the
underlying raw stream cannot accept more data at the moment.
.. method:: read1()
- In :class:`BytesIO`, this is the same as :meth:`read`.
+ In :class:`BytesIO`, this is the same as :meth:`read()`.
.. method:: truncate([pos])
Truncate the file to at most *pos* bytes. *pos* defaults to the current
- stream position, as returned by :meth:`tell`.
+ stream position, as returned by :meth:`tell()`.
-.. class:: BufferedReader(raw, [buffer_size])
+.. class:: BufferedReader(raw[, buffer_size])
- A buffer for a readable sequential RawIO object. It inherits
+ A buffer for a readable, sequential :class:`BaseRawIO` object. It inherits
:class:`BufferedIOBase`.
The constructor creates a :class:`BufferedReader` for the given readable
Otherwise, one raw stream read call is made.
-.. class:: BufferedWriter(raw, [buffer_size, [max_buffer_size]])
+.. class:: BufferedWriter(raw[, buffer_size[, max_buffer_size]])
A buffer for a writeable sequential RawIO object. It inherits
:class:`BufferedIOBase`.
:exc:`BlockingIOError` is raised when the raw stream blocks.
-.. class:: BufferedRWPair(reader, writer, [buffer_size, [max_buffer_size]])
+.. class:: BufferedRWPair(reader, writer[, buffer_size[, max_buffer_size]])
A buffered writer and reader object together for a raw stream that can be
written and read from. It has and supports both :meth:`read`, :meth:`write`,
:class:`BufferedRWPair` implements all of :class:`BufferedIOBase`\'s methods.
-.. class:: BufferedRandom(raw, [buffer_size, [max_buffer_size]])
+.. class:: BufferedRandom(raw[, buffer_size[, max_buffer_size]])
A buffered interface to random access streams. It inherits
:class:`BufferedReader` and :class:`BufferedWriter`.
- The constructor creates a reader and writer for a seekable *raw* stream given
+ The constructor creates a reader and writer for a seekable raw stream, given
in the first argument. If the *buffer_size* is omitted it defaults to
:data:`DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE`. The *max_buffer_size* (for the buffered writer)
defaults to twice the buffer size.
Read until newline or EOF and return. If the stream is already at EOF, an
empty stream is returned.
- .. method:: truncate([pos])
-
- Truncate size to *pos*. If *pos* is not specified, it is assumed to be the
- current position, as returned by :meth:`tell`.
-
.. method:: write(s)
Write string *s* to the stream and return the number of characters
encoded with. It defaults to :func:`locale.getpreferredencoding`.
*errors* determines the strictness of encoding and decoding (see the errors
- argument of :func:`codecs.open`) and defaults to "strict".
+ argument of :func:`codecs.register`) and defaults to ``'strict'``.
*newline* can be ``None``, ``''``, ``'\n'``, ``'\r'``, or ``'\r\n'``. It
controls the handling of line endings. If it is ``None``, universal newlines
Whether line buffering is enabled.
-.. class:: StringIO([initial_value, [encoding, [errors, [newline]]]])
+.. class:: StringIO([initial_value[, encoding[, errors[, newline]]]])
An in-memory stream for text. It in inherits :class:`TextIOWrapper`.
Create a new StringIO stream with an inital value, encoding, error handling,
- and newline setting. See :class:`TextIOWrapper`'s constructor for more
+ and newline setting. See :class:`TextIOWrapper`\'s constructor for more
information.
:class:`StringIO` provides these methods in addition to those from
.. class:: IncrementalNewlineDecoder
- A helper codec that decodes newlines. It inherits
- :class:`codecs.IncrementalDecoder`.
+ A helper codec that decodes newlines for universal newlines mode. It
+ inherits :class:`codecs.IncrementalDecoder`.
-"""New I/O library conforming to PEP 3116.
-
-This is a prototype; hopefully eventually some of this will be
-reimplemented in C.
-
-Conformance of alternative implementations: all arguments are intended
-to be positional-only except the arguments of the open() function.
-Argument names except those of the open() function are not part of the
-specification. Instance variables and methods whose name starts with
-a leading underscore are not part of the specification (except "magic"
-names like __iter__). Only the top-level names listed in the __all__
-variable are part of the specification.
-
-XXX edge cases when switching between reading/writing
-XXX need to support 1 meaning line-buffered
-XXX whenever an argument is None, use the default value
-XXX read/write ops should check readable/writable
-XXX buffered readinto should work with arbitrary buffer objects
-XXX use incremental encoder for text output, at least for UTF-16 and UTF-8-SIG
-XXX check writable, readable and seekable in appropriate places
"""
+The io module provides the Python interfaces to stream handling. The
+builtin open function is defined in this module.
+
+At the top of the I/O hierarchy is the abstract base class IOBase. It
+defines the basic interface to a stream. Note, however, that there is no
+seperation between reading and writing to streams; implementations are
+allowed to throw an IOError if they do not support a given operation.
+
+Extending IOBase is RawIOBase which deals simply with the reading and
+writing of raw bytes to a stream. FileIO subclasses RawIOBase to provide
+an interface to OS files.
+
+BufferedIOBase deals with buffering on a raw byte stream (RawIOBase). Its
+subclasses, BufferedWriter, BufferedReader, and BufferedRWPair buffer
+streams that are readable, writable, and both respectively.
+BufferedRandom provides a buffered interface to random access
+streams. BytesIO is a simple stream of in-memory bytes.
+
+Another IOBase subclass, TextIOBase, deals with the encoding and decoding
+of streams into text. TextIOWrapper, which extends it, is a buffered text
+interface to a buffered raw stream (`BufferedIOBase`). Finally, StringIO
+is a in-memory stream for text.
+
+Argument names are not part of the specification, and only the arguments
+of open() are intended to be used as keyword arguments.
+
+data:
+
+DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+
+ An int containing the default buffer size used by the module's buffered
+ I/O classes. open() uses the file's blksize (as obtained by os.stat) if
+ possible.
+"""
+# New I/O library conforming to PEP 3116.
+
+# This is a prototype; hopefully eventually some of this will be
+# reimplemented in C.
+
+# XXX edge cases when switching between reading/writing
+# XXX need to support 1 meaning line-buffered
+# XXX whenever an argument is None, use the default value
+# XXX read/write ops should check readable/writable
+# XXX buffered readinto should work with arbitrary buffer objects
+# XXX use incremental encoder for text output, at least for UTF-16 and UTF-8-SIG
+# XXX check writable, readable and seekable in appropriate places
+
__author__ = ("Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>, "
"Mike Verdone <mike.verdone@gmail.com>, "
def open(file, mode="r", buffering=None, encoding=None, errors=None,
newline=None, closefd=True):
- r"""Replacement for the built-in open function.
-
- Args:
- file: string giving the name of the file to be opened;
- or integer file descriptor of the file to be wrapped (*).
- mode: optional mode string; see below.
- buffering: optional int >= 0 giving the buffer size; values
- can be: 0 = unbuffered, 1 = line buffered,
- larger = fully buffered.
- encoding: optional string giving the text encoding.
- errors: optional string giving the encoding error handling.
- newline: optional newlines specifier; must be None, '', '\n', '\r'
- or '\r\n'; all other values are illegal. It controls the
- handling of line endings. It works as follows:
-
- * On input, if `newline` is `None`, universal newlines
- mode is enabled. Lines in the input can end in `'\n'`,
- `'\r'`, or `'\r\n'`, and these are translated into
- `'\n'` before being returned to the caller. If it is
- `''`, universal newline mode is enabled, but line endings
- are returned to the caller untranslated. If it has any of
- the other legal values, input lines are only terminated by
- the given string, and the line ending is returned to the
- caller untranslated.
-
- * On output, if `newline` is `None`, any `'\n'`
- characters written are translated to the system default
- line separator, `os.linesep`. If `newline` is `''`,
- no translation takes place. If `newline` is any of the
- other legal values, any `'\n'` characters written are
- translated to the given string.
-
- closefd: optional argument to keep the underlying file descriptor
- open when the file is closed. It must not be false when
- a filename is given.
-
- (*) If a file descriptor is given, it is closed when the returned
- I/O object is closed, unless closefd=False is given.
-
- Mode strings characters:
- 'r': open for reading (default)
- 'w': open for writing, truncating the file first
- 'a': open for writing, appending to the end if the file exists
- 'b': binary mode
- 't': text mode (default)
- '+': open a disk file for updating (implies reading and writing)
- 'U': universal newline mode (for backwards compatibility)
-
- Constraints:
- - encoding or errors must not be given when a binary mode is given
- - buffering must not be zero when a text mode is given
-
- Returns:
- Depending on the mode and buffering arguments, either a raw
- binary stream, a buffered binary stream, or a buffered text
- stream, open for reading and/or writing.
+ r"""
+ Open file and return a stream. If the file cannot be opened, an
+ IOError is raised.
+
+ file is either a string giving the name (and the path if the file
+ isn't in the current working directory) of the file to be opened or an
+ integer file descriptor of the file to be wrapped. (If a file
+ descriptor is given, it is closed when the returned I/O object is
+ closed, unless closefd is set to False.)
+
+ mode is an optional string that specifies the mode in which the file
+ is opened. It defaults to 'r' which means open for reading in text
+ mode. Other common values are 'w' for writing (truncating the file if
+ it already exists), and 'a' for appending (which on some Unix systems,
+ means that all writes append to the end of the file regardless of the
+ current seek position). In text mode, if encoding is not specified the
+ encoding used is platform dependent. (For reading and writing raw
+ bytes use binary mode and leave encoding unspecified.) The available
+ modes are:
+
+ ========= ===============================================================
+ Character Meaning
+ --------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'r' open for reading (default)
+ 'w' open for writing, truncating the file first
+ 'a' open for writing, appending to the end of the file if it exists
+ 'b' binary mode
+ 't' text mode (default)
+ '+' open a disk file for updating (reading and writing)
+ 'U' universal newline mode (for backwards compatibility; unneeded
+ for new code)
+ ========= ===============================================================
+
+ The default mode is 'rt' (open for reading text). For binary random
+ access, the mode 'w+b' opens and truncates the file to 0 bytes, while
+ 'r+b' opens the file without truncation.
+
+ Python distinguishes between files opened in binary and text modes,
+ even when the underlying operating system doesn't. Files opened in
+ binary mode (appending 'b' to the mode argument) return contents as
+ bytes objects without any decoding. In text mode (the default, or when
+ 't' is appended to the mode argument), the contents of the file are
+ returned as strings, the bytes having been first decoded using a
+ platform-dependent encoding or using the specified encoding if given.
+
+ buffering is an optional integer used to set the buffering policy. By
+ default full buffering is on. Pass 0 to switch buffering off (only
+ allowed in binary mode), 1 to set line buffering, and an integer > 1
+ for full buffering.
+
+ encoding is the name of the encoding used to decode or encode the
+ file. This should only be used in text mode. The default encoding is
+ platform dependent, but any encoding supported by Python can be
+ passed. See the codecs module for the list of supported encodings.
+
+ errors is an optional string that specifies how encoding errors are to
+ be handled---this argument should not be used in binary mode. Pass
+ 'strict' to raise a ValueError exception if there is an encoding error
+ (the default of None has the same effect), or pass 'ignore' to ignore
+ errors. (Note that ignoring encoding errors can lead to data loss.)
+ See the documentation for codecs.register for a list of the permitted
+ encoding error strings.
+
+ newline controls how universal newlines works (it only applies to text
+ mode). It can be None, '', '\n', '\r', and '\r\n'. It works as
+ follows:
+
+ * On input, if newline is None, universal newlines mode is
+ enabled. Lines in the input can end in '\n', '\r', or '\r\n', and
+ these are translated into '\n' before being returned to the
+ caller. If it is '', universal newline mode is enabled, but line
+ endings are returned to the caller untranslated. If it has any of
+ the other legal values, input lines are only terminated by the given
+ string, and the line ending is returned to the caller untranslated.
+
+ * On output, if newline is None, any '\n' characters written are
+ translated to the system default line separator, os.linesep. If
+ newline is '', no translation takes place. If newline is any of the
+ other legal values, any '\n' characters written are translated to
+ the given string.
+
+ If closefd is False, the underlying file descriptor will be kept open
+ when the file is closed. This does not work when a file name is given
+ and must be True in that case.
+
+ open() returns a file object whose type depends on the mode, and
+ through which the standard file operations such as reading and writing
+ are performed. When open() is used to open a file in a text mode ('w',
+ 'r', 'wt', 'rt', etc.), it returns a TextIOWrapper. When used to open
+ a file in a binary mode, the returned class varies: in read binary
+ mode, it returns a BufferedReader; in write binary and append binary
+ modes, it returns a BufferedWriter, and in read/write mode, it returns
+ a BufferedRandom.
+
+ It is also possible to use a string or bytearray as a file for both
+ reading and writing. For strings StringIO can be used like a file
+ opened in a text mode, and for bytes a BytesIO can be used like a file
+ opened in a binary mode.
"""
if not isinstance(file, (str, int)):
raise TypeError("invalid file: %r" % file)
class IOBase(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
- """Base class for all I/O classes.
+ """
+ The abstract base class for all I/O classes, acting on streams of
+ bytes. There is no public constructor.
This class provides dummy implementations for many methods that
- derived classes can override selectively; the default
- implementations represent a file that cannot be read, written or
- seeked.
+ derived classes can override selectively; the default implementations
+ represent a file that cannot be read, written or seeked.
- This does not define read(), readinto() and write(), nor
- readline() and friends, since their signatures vary per layer.
+ Even though IOBase does not declare read, readinto, or write because
+ their signatures will vary, implementations and clients should
+ consider those methods part of the interface. Also, implementations
+ may raise a IOError when operations they do not support are called.
- Note that calling any method (even inquiries) on a closed file is
+ The basic type used for binary data read from or written to a file is
+ bytes. bytearrays are accepted too, and in some cases (such as
+ readinto) needed. Text I/O classes work with str data.
+
+ Note that calling any method (even inquiries) on a closed stream is
undefined. Implementations may raise IOError in this case.
+
+ IOBase (and its subclasses) support the iterator protocol, meaning
+ that an IOBase object can be iterated over yielding the lines in a
+ stream.
+
+ IOBase also supports the :keyword:`with` statement. In this example,
+ fp is closed after the suite of the with statment is complete:
+
+ with open('spam.txt', 'r') as fp:
+ fp.write('Spam and eggs!')
"""
### Internal ###
def seek(self, pos: int, whence: int = 0) -> int:
"""seek(pos: int, whence: int = 0) -> int. Change stream position.
- Seek to byte offset pos relative to position indicated by whence:
- 0 Start of stream (the default). pos should be >= 0;
- 1 Current position - pos may be negative;
- 2 End of stream - pos usually negative.
- Returns the new absolute position.
+ Change the stream position to byte offset offset. offset is
+ interpreted relative to the position indicated by whence. Values
+ for whence are:
+
+ * 0 -- start of stream (the default); offset should be zero or positive
+ * 1 -- current stream position; offset may be negative
+ * 2 -- end of stream; offset is usually negative
+
+ Return the new absolute position.
"""
self._unsupported("seek")
def flush(self) -> None:
"""flush() -> None. Flushes write buffers, if applicable.
- This is a no-op for read-only and non-blocking streams.
+ This is not implemented for read-only and non-blocking streams.
"""
# XXX Should this return the number of bytes written???
def close(self) -> None:
"""close() -> None. Flushes and closes the IO object.
- This must be idempotent. It should also set a flag for the
- 'closed' property (see below) to test.
+ This method has no effect if the file is already closed.
"""
if not self.__closed:
try:
def isatty(self) -> bool:
"""isatty() -> int. Returns whether this is an 'interactive' stream.
-
- Returns False if we don't know.
"""
self._checkClosed()
return False
### Readline[s] and writelines ###
def readline(self, limit: int = -1) -> bytes:
- """For backwards compatibility, a (slowish) readline()."""
+ r"""readline(limit: int = -1) -> bytes Read and return a line from the
+ stream.
+
+ If limit is specified, at most limit bytes will be read.
+
+ The line terminator is always b'\n' for binary files; for text
+ files, the newlines argument to open can be used to select the line
+ terminator(s) recognized.
+ """
+ # For backwards compatibility, a (slowish) readline().
if hasattr(self, "peek"):
def nreadahead():
readahead = self.peek(1)
return line
def readlines(self, hint=None):
+ """readlines(hint=None) -> list Return a list of lines from the stream.
+
+ hint can be specified to control the number of lines read: no more
+ lines will be read if the total size (in bytes/characters) of all
+ lines so far exceeds hint.
+ """
if hint is None:
return list(self)
n = 0
class RawIOBase(IOBase):
- """Base class for raw binary I/O.
+ """Base class for raw binary I/O."""
- The read() method is implemented by calling readinto(); derived
- classes that want to support read() only need to implement
- readinto() as a primitive operation. In general, readinto()
- can be more efficient than read().
+ # The read() method is implemented by calling readinto(); derived
+ # classes that want to support read() only need to implement
+ # readinto() as a primitive operation. In general, readinto() can be
+ # more efficient than read().
- (It would be tempting to also provide an implementation of
- readinto() in terms of read(), in case the latter is a more
- suitable primitive operation, but that would lead to nasty
- recursion in case a subclass doesn't implement either.)
- """
+ # (It would be tempting to also provide an implementation of
+ # readinto() in terms of read(), in case the latter is a more suitable
+ # primitive operation, but that would lead to nasty recursion in case
+ # a subclass doesn't implement either.)
def read(self, n: int = -1) -> bytes:
"""read(n: int) -> bytes. Read and return up to n bytes.
class FileIO(_fileio._FileIO, RawIOBase):
- """Raw I/O implementation for OS files.
+ """Raw I/O implementation for OS files."""
- This multiply inherits from _FileIO and RawIOBase to make
- isinstance(io.FileIO(), io.RawIOBase) return True without
- requiring that _fileio._FileIO inherits from io.RawIOBase (which
- would be hard to do since _fileio.c is written in C).
- """
+ # This multiply inherits from _FileIO and RawIOBase to make
+ # isinstance(io.FileIO(), io.RawIOBase) return True without requiring
+ # that _fileio._FileIO inherits from io.RawIOBase (which would be hard
+ # to do since _fileio.c is written in C).
def close(self):
_fileio._FileIO.close(self)
def readinto(self, b: bytearray) -> int:
"""readinto(b: bytearray) -> int. Read up to len(b) bytes into b.
- Like read(), this may issue multiple reads to the underlying
- raw stream, unless the latter is 'interactive' (XXX or a
- pipe?).
+ Like read(), this may issue multiple reads to the underlying raw
+ stream, unless the latter is 'interactive'.
Returns the number of bytes read (0 for EOF).
"""Buffered I/O implementation using an in-memory bytes buffer."""
- # XXX More docs
-
def __init__(self, initial_bytes=None):
buf = bytearray()
if initial_bytes is not None:
self._pos = 0
def getvalue(self):
+ """getvalue() -> bytes Return the bytes value (contents) of the buffer
+ """
return bytes(self._buffer)
def read(self, n=None):
return bytes(b)
def read1(self, n):
+ """In BytesIO, this is the same as read.
+ """
return self.read(n)
def write(self, b):
class BufferedReader(_BufferedIOMixin):
- """Buffer for a readable sequential RawIO object."""
+ """BufferedReader(raw[, buffer_size])
+
+ A buffer for a readable, sequential BaseRawIO object.
+
+ The constructor creates a BufferedReader for the given readable raw
+ stream and buffer_size. If buffer_size is omitted, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+ is used.
+ """
def __init__(self, raw, buffer_size=DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE):
"""Create a new buffered reader using the given readable raw IO object.
return self._read_buf
def read1(self, n):
- """Reads up to n bytes, with at most one read() system call.
-
- Returns up to n bytes. If at least one byte is buffered, we
- only return buffered bytes. Otherwise, we do one raw read.
- """
+ """Reads up to n bytes, with at most one read() system call."""
+ # Returns up to n bytes. If at least one byte is buffered, we
+ # only return buffered bytes. Otherwise, we do one raw read.
if n <= 0:
return b""
self.peek(1)
class BufferedWriter(_BufferedIOMixin):
- # XXX docstring
+ """BufferedWriter(raw[, buffer_size[, max_buffer_size]])
+
+ A buffer for a writeable sequential RawIO object.
+
+ The constructor creates a BufferedWriter for the given writeable raw
+ stream. If the buffer_size is not given, it defaults to
+ DEAFULT_BUFFER_SIZE. If max_buffer_size is omitted, it defaults to
+ twice the buffer size.
+ """
def __init__(self, raw,
buffer_size=DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE, max_buffer_size=None):
"""A buffered reader and writer object together.
- A buffered reader object and buffered writer object put together
- to form a sequential IO object that can read and write.
-
- This is typically used with a socket or two-way pipe.
+ A buffered reader object and buffered writer object put together to
+ form a sequential IO object that can read and write. This is typically
+ used with a socket or two-way pipe.
- XXX The usefulness of this (compared to having two separate IO
- objects) is questionable.
+ reader and writer are RawIOBase objects that are readable and
+ writeable respectively. If the buffer_size is omitted it defaults to
+ DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE. The max_buffer_size (for the buffered writer)
+ defaults to twice the buffer size.
"""
+ # XXX The usefulness of this (compared to having two separate IO
+ # objects) is questionable.
+
def __init__(self, reader, writer,
buffer_size=DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE, max_buffer_size=None):
"""Constructor.
class BufferedRandom(BufferedWriter, BufferedReader):
- # XXX docstring
+ """BufferedRandom(raw[, buffer_size[, max_buffer_size]])
+
+ A buffered interface to random access streams.
+
+ The constructor creates a reader and writer for a seekable stream,
+ raw, given in the first argument. If the buffer_size is omitted it
+ defaults to DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE. The max_buffer_size (for the buffered
+ writer) defaults to twice the buffer size.
+ """
def __init__(self, raw,
buffer_size=DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE, max_buffer_size=None):
"""Base class for text I/O.
- This class provides a character and line based interface to stream I/O.
-
- There is no readinto() method, as character strings are immutable.
+ This class provides a character and line based interface to stream
+ I/O. There is no readinto method because Python's character strings
+ are immutable. There is no public constructor.
"""
def read(self, n: int = -1) -> str:
class IncrementalNewlineDecoder(codecs.IncrementalDecoder):
- """Codec used when reading a file in universal newlines mode.
- It wraps another incremental decoder, translating \\r\\n and \\r into \\n.
- It also records the types of newlines encountered.
- When used with translate=False, it ensures that the newline sequence is
- returned in one piece.
+ r"""Codec used when reading a file in universal newlines mode. It wraps
+ another incremental decoder, translating \r\n and \r into \n. It also
+ records the types of newlines encountered. When used with
+ translate=False, it ensures that the newline sequence is returned in
+ one piece.
"""
def __init__(self, decoder, translate, errors='strict'):
codecs.IncrementalDecoder.__init__(self, errors=errors)
class TextIOWrapper(TextIOBase):
- """Buffered text stream.
+ r"""TextIOWrapper(buffer[, encoding[, errors[, newline[, line_buffering]]]])
+
+ Character and line based layer over a BufferedIOBase object, buffer.
+
+ encoding gives the name of the encoding that the stream will be
+ decoded or encoded with. It defaults to locale.getpreferredencoding.
- Character and line based layer over a BufferedIOBase object.
+ errors determines the strictness of encoding and decoding (see the
+ codecs.register) and defaults to "strict".
+
+ newline can be None, '', '\n', '\r', or '\r\n'. It controls the
+ handling of line endings. If it is None, universal newlines is
+ enabled. With this enabled, on input, the lines endings '\n', '\r',
+ or '\r\n' are translated to '\n' before being returned to the
+ caller. Conversely, on output, '\n' is translated to the system
+ default line seperator, os.linesep. If newline is any other of its
+ legal values, that newline becomes the newline when the file is read
+ and it is returned untranslated. On output, '\n' is converted to the
+ newline.
+
+ If line_buffering is True, a call to flush is implied when a call to
+ write contains a newline character.
"""
_CHUNK_SIZE = 128
def _read_chunk(self):
"""
Read and decode the next chunk of data from the BufferedReader.
-
- The return value is True unless EOF was reached. The decoded string
- is placed in self._decoded_chars (replacing its previous value).
- The entire input chunk is sent to the decoder, though some of it
- may remain buffered in the decoder, yet to be converted.
"""
+ # The return value is True unless EOF was reached. The decoded
+ # string is placed in self._decoded_chars (replacing its previous
+ # value). The entire input chunk is sent to the decoder, though
+ # some of it may remain buffered in the decoder, yet to be
+ # converted.
+
if self._decoder is None:
raise ValueError("no decoder")
return self._decoder.newlines if self._decoder else None
class StringIO(TextIOWrapper):
+ """StringIO([initial_value[, encoding, [errors, [newline]]]])
+
+ An in-memory stream for text. The initial_value argument sets the
+ value of object. The other arguments are like those of TextIOWrapper's
+ constructor.
+ """
# XXX This is really slow, but fully functional
projects / python / commitdiff