Don't use "cp -i" in the example WAL archive_command.

This is a dangerous example to provide because on machines with GNU cp,
it will silently do the wrong thing and risk archive corruption.  Worse,
during the 9.0 cycle somebody "improved" the discussion by removing the
warning that used to be there about that, and instead leaving the
impression that the command would work as desired on most Unixen.
It doesn't.  Try to rectify the damage by providing an example that is safe
most everywhere, and then noting that you can try cp -i if you want but
you'd better test that.

In back-patching this to all supported branches, I also added an example
command for Windows, which wasn't provided before 9.0.

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/backup.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/backup.sgml
index 69a411478513da2d17c124ba8e5a7b2ba8358530..d612c9aac382555c9c6ab6110988b5e399b42468 100644 (file)
--- a/doc/src/sgml/backup.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/backup.sgml
@@ -552,7 +552,8 @@ tar -cf backup.tar /usr/local/pgsql/data
     character in the command.  The simplest useful command is something
     like:
 <programlisting>
-archive_command = 'cp -i %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f &lt;/dev/null'
+archive_command = 'test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'  # Unix
+archive_command = 'copy "%p" "C:\\server\\archivedir\\%f"'  # Windows
 </programlisting>
     which will copy archivable WAL segments to the directory
     <filename>/mnt/server/archivedir</>.  (This is an example, not a
@@ -560,7 +561,7 @@ archive_command = 'cp -i %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f &lt;/dev/null'
     <literal>%p</> and <literal>%f</> parameters have been replaced,
     the actual command executed might look like this:
 <programlisting>
-cp -i pg_xlog/00000001000000A900000065 /mnt/server/archivedir/00000001000000A900000065 &lt;/dev/null
+test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/00000001000000A900000065 &amp;&amp; cp pg_xlog/00000001000000A900000065 /mnt/server/archivedir/00000001000000A900000065
 </programlisting>
     A similar command will be generated for each new file to be archived.
    </para>
@@ -590,17 +591,19 @@ cp -i pg_xlog/00000001000000A900000065 /mnt/server/archivedir/00000001000000A900
     preserve the integrity of your archive in case of administrator error
     (such as sending the output of two different servers to the same archive
     directory).
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
     It is advisable to test your proposed archive command to ensure that it
     indeed does not overwrite an existing file, <emphasis>and that it returns
-    nonzero status in this case</>.  We have found that <literal>cp -i</> does
-    this correctly on some platforms but not others.  If the chosen command
-    does not itself handle this case correctly, you should add a command
-    to test for pre-existence of the archive file.  For example, something
-    like:
-<programlisting>
-archive_command = 'test ! -f .../%f &amp;&amp; cp %p .../%f'
-</programlisting>
-    works correctly on most Unix variants.
+    nonzero status in this case</>.
+    The example command above for Unix ensures this by including a separate
+    <command>test</> step.  On some Unix platforms, <command>cp</> has
+    switches such as <option>-i</> that can be used to do the same thing
+    less verbosely, but you should not rely on these without verifying that
+    the right exit status is returned.  (In particular, GNU <command>cp</>
+    will return status zero when <option>-i</> is used and the target file
+    already exists, which is <emphasis>not</> the desired behavior.)
    </para>
 
    <para>