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+ <br>\r
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+ <P>ÒÆÖ²µ½ MS Win NT/2000/XP µÄ±¾»ú°æµÄ¹¤×÷ÕýÔÚ½øÐС£ \r
+ <H4><A name="1.5"></A>1.5) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½ PostgreSQL£¿</H4> \r
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+ ÿµ±Ö÷Áбí´ïµ½´óÔ¼ 30k µÄÏûÏ¢ÄÚÈÝʱ£¬ÕªÒª¾Í·¢Ë͸øÕâ¸öÁбíµÄ³ÉÔ±¡£ \r
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+ »¹¿ÉÒԲμӿª·¢ÈËÔ±ÓʼþÁÐ±í¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÕâ¸öÁÐ±í£¬·¢ËÍÒ»¸öÓʼþµ½ <A href="mailto:hackers-request@postgreSQL.org">hackers-request@postgreSQL.org</A>£¬ÄÚÈÝΪ£º \r
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+ ÆäËûµÄ¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL ÓʼþÁбíºÍÆäËûÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÒÔÔÚ PostgreSQL µÄ WWW Ö÷Ò³ÕÒµ½£º <BLOCKQUOTE><A href="http://postgresql.org/">http://postgresql.org/</A></BLOCKQUOTE> \r
+ ÔÚ EFNet ÀﻹÓÐÒ»¸ö IRC ƵµÀ£¬ÆµµÀ #PostgreSQL¡£ÎÒÓà unix ÃüÁî<TT>irc -c '#PostgreSQL' "$USER" \r
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+ http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook/</a> ¡£ÔÚ <a href="http://www.ca.PostgreSQL.org/books/"> \r
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+ ±ØÐë»ñµÃÓйرíµÄͳ¼ÆÖµ¡£ÕâЩͳ¼ÆÖµ¿ÉÒÔʹÓà VACUUM ANALYZE£¬»ò ANALYZE \r
+ »ñµÃ¡£Ê¹ÓÃͳ¼ÆÖµ£¬ÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÖªµÀ±íÖÐÓжàÉÙÐУ¬¾ÍÄܹ»¸üºÃµØÅжÏÊÇ·ñÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£Í³¼ÆÖµ¶ÔÈ·¶¨ÓÅ»¯µÄÁ¬½Ó˳ÐòºÍÁ¬½Ó·½·¨Ò²ºÜÓÐÓá£ÔÚ±íµÄÄÚÈÝ·¢Éú±ä»¯Ê±£¬Ó¦¶¨ÆÚ½øÐÐͳ¼ÆÖµµÄ»ñÈ¡¡£\r
+ <P>\r
+ Ë÷Òýͨ³£²»ÓÃÓÚ ORDER BY »òÖ´ÐÐÁ¬½Ó¡£¶ÔÒ»¸ö´ó±íµÄÒ»´Î˳ÐòɨÃ裬ÔÙ×öÒ»¸öÏÔʽµÄÅÅÐòͨ³£±ÈË÷ÒýɨÃèÒª¿ì¡£ \r
+ <P>µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔÚ LIMIT ºÍ ORDER BY ½áºÏʹÓÃʱ¾³£»áʹÓÃË÷Òý£¬ÒòΪֻ»á·µ»Ø±íµÄһС²¿·Ö¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬ËäÈ» MAX() ºÍ MIN() ²¢²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý£¬Í¨¹ý¶Ô \r
+ ORDER BY ºÍ LLIMIT ʹÓÃË÷ÒýÈ¡µÃ×î´óÖµºÍ×îСֵҲÊÇ¿ÉÒԵģº<BR> \r
+ <BR>\r
+ SELECT col<BR> \r
+ FROM tab<BR> \r
+ ORDER BY col [ DESC ]<BR> \r
+ LIMIT 1; \r
+ <P>µ±Ê¹ÓÃͨÅä·û²Ù×÷£¬ÀýÈç LIKE »ò ~ ʱ£¬Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜÔÚÌض¨µÄÇé¿öÏÂʹÓ㺠<ul><li> ×Ö·û´®µÄ¿ªÊ¼²¿·Ö±ØÐëÊÇÆÕͨ×Ö·û´®£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£º</li> \r
+ <ul><li>LIKE ģʽ²»ÄÜÒÔ % ´òÍ·¡£</li><li>~ £¨ÕýÔò±í´ïʽ£©Ä£Ê½±ØÐëÒÔ ^ ´òÍ·¡£</li></ul> \r
+ <li>×Ö·û´®²»ÄÜÒÔÆ¥Åä¶à¸ö×Ö·ûµÄģʽÀà´òÍ·£¬ÀýÈç [a-e]¡£</li><li>´óСдÎ޹صIJéÕÒ£¬Èç ILIKE ºÍ ~* µÈ²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý¡£µ«¿ÉÒÔÓà 4.12 ½ÚÃèÊöµÄº¯ÊýË÷Òý¡£</li><li>ÔÚ×ö initdb ʱ±ØÐë²ÉÓÃȱʡµÄ±¾µØÉèÖà C locale¡£</li></ul> \r
+ <H4><a name="4.9"></a>4.9) \r
+ ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éѯÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑù´¦ÀíÎҵIJéѯµÄ£¿</H4> \r
+ ²Î¿¼ <FONT size="-1">EXPLAIN</FONT> ÊÖ²áÒ³¡£ \r
+ <H4><a name="4.10"></a>4.10) R-tree Ë÷ÒýÊÇʲô£¿</H4> \r
+ <P>R-tree Ë÷ÒýÓÃÓÚË÷Òý¿Õ¼äÊý¾Ý¡£Ò»¸ö¹þÏ£Ë÷ÒýÎÞ·¨´¦Àí·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£¶ø B-tree Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜ´¦ÀíһάµÄ·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£R-tree \r
+ Ë÷Òý¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶àάÊý¾Ý¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹û¿ÉÒÔÔÚÒ»¸öÀàÐÍΪ point µÄ×Ö¶ÎÉϽ¨Á¢Ò»¸ö R-tree Ë÷Òý£¬ÄÇôϵͳÄܸü¸ßЧµØ»Ø´ðÀàËÆ \r
+ ¡°Ñ¡ÔñÔÚÒ»¸ö³¤·½Ðη¶Î§ÄÚµÄËùÓе㡱¡£<BR>\r
+ <BR>\r
+ ÃèÊö×î³õµÄ R-Tree Éè¼ÆµÄÕýʽÂÛÎÄÊÇ£º<BR> \r
+ <BR>\r
+ Guttman, A. "R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure for Spatial Searching." Proc of \r
+ the 1984 ACM SIGMOD Int'l Conf on Mgmt of Data, 45-57. \r
+ <BR>\r
+ <BR>\r
+ Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÔÚ Stonebraker µÄ¡°Readings in Database Systems¡±ÀïÕÒµ½ÕâƪÎÄÕ¡£<BR> \r
+ <BR>\r
+ ϵͳÄÚÖÃµÄ R-Tree ¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶à±ßÐκͷ½ÐΡ£ÀíÂÛÉÏ˵£¬R-tree ¿ÉÒÔÀ©Õ¹Îª´¦Àí¸ü¶àάÊý¡£²»¹ýÔÚʵ¼ùÉÏ£¬À©Õ¹ R-trees \r
+ ÐèÒªÒ»¶¨µÄ¹¤×÷Á¿£¬¶øÎÒÃÇĿǰûÓÐÈçºÎ×öµÄÎĵµ¡£<H4><a name="4.11"></a>4.11) \r
+ ʲôÊÇ»ùÒò²éѯÓÅ»¯£¨Genetic Query Optimization£©£¿</H4> \r
+ <P>GEQO Ä£¿é²ÉÓûùÒòËã·¨£¨Genetic Algorithm£¬GA£©¼Ó¿ì¶à±íÁ¬½ÓµÄ²éѯÓÅ»¯¡£ËüÔÊÐíͨ¹ý·ÇÇî¾ÙËÑË÷´¦Àí´óµÄÁ¬½Ó²éѯ¡£ \r
+ <H4><a name="4.12"></a>4.12) \r
+ ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷ºÍ´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷£¿ÔõÑùÀûÓÃË÷Òý½øÐдóСдÎÞ¹ØËÑË÷£¿</H4> \r
+ <p>²Ù×÷·û ~ ´¦ÀíÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅ䣬¶ø ~* ´¦Àí´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅä¡£´óдЩÎÞ¹ØµÄ LIKE ±äÖÖ³ÉΪ ILIKE¡£<br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ ´óСдÎ޹صĵÈʽ±È½Ïͨ³£Ð´×ö£º<br>\r
+ <br>\r
+ SELECT *<br> \r
+ FROM tab<br> \r
+ WHERE lower(col) = 'abc';<br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ ÕâÑù½«²»»áʹÓñê×¼µÄË÷Òý¡£µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¿É±»ÀûÓõĺ¯ÊýË÷Òý:<br>\r
+ <br>\r
+ CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col));</p> \r
+ <h4><a name="4.13"></a>4.13) ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éѯÀÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñΪ NULL£¿</h4> \r
+ <p>Óà IS NULL ºÍ IS NOT NULL ²âÊÔÕâ¸ö×ֶΡ£ <br> \r
+ </p>\r
+ <h4><a name="4.14"></a>4.14) ¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐʲô²»Í¬£¿</h4> \r
+ <p> ÀàÐÍ \r
+ ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ \r
+ ˵Ã÷<br>\r
+ --------------------------------------------------<br> \r
+ "char" char \r
+ 1¸ö×Ö·û character<br> \r
+ CHAR(#) bpchar \r
+ ¶¨³¤×Ö·û´®£¬Êµ¼ÊÊý¾Ý²»×㶨Ò峤¶Èʱ£¬ÒÔ¿Õ¸ñ²¹Æë<br>\r
+ VARCHAR(#) varchar Ö¸¶¨ÁË×î´ó³¤¶È£¬±ä³¤×Ö·û´®£¬²»×㶨Ò峤¶ÈµÄ²¿·Ö²»²¹Æë<br> \r
+ TEXT text \r
+ ´®³¤¶È½öÊÜÐеÄ×î´ó³¤¶ÈÏÞÖÆ<br>\r
+ BYTEA bytea \r
+ ±ä³¤×Ö½ÚÐòÁУ¨±ä³¤µÄ¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£©<br>\r
+ <br>\r
+ ÔÚϵͳ±íºÍÔÚһЩ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÀïÄ㽫¿´µ½ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ¡£ <br>\r
+ <br>\r
+ ÉÏÃæ×îºóËÄÖÖÀàÐÍÊÇ"varlena"£¨±ä³¤£©ÀàÐÍ£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬¿ªÍ·µÄËĸö×Ö½ÚÊdz¤¶È£¬ºóÃæ²ÅÊÇÊý¾Ý£©¡£ÓÚÊÇʵ¼ÊÕ¼ÓõĿռä±ÈÉùÃ÷µÄ´óСҪ¶àһЩ¡£È»¶øÕâЩÀàÐͶ¼¿ÉÒÔ±»Ñ¹Ëõ´æ´¢£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓà TOAST ÍÑ»ú´æ´¢£¬Òò´Ë´ÅÅÌ¿Õ¼äÒ²¿ÉÄܱÈÔ¤ÏëµÄÒªÉÙ¡£<br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ CHAR(n) ×îÊʺÏÓÚ´æ´¢³¤¶È»ù±¾²î²»¶àµÄ×Ö·û´®¡£VARCHAR(n) ÔÚ´æ´¢ÏÞÖÆÁË×î´ó³¤¶ÈµÄ±ä³¤×Ö·û´®ÊÇ×îºÃµÄ¡£TEXT ÊÊÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢²»ÏÞÖƳ¤¶ÈµÄ×Ö·û´®£¬×î´ó¿É´ï 1G¡£BYTEA ÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ°üº¬ NULL ×Ö½Ú£¨¶þ½øÖƵÄ0£©µÄÖµ¡£ÕâЩÀàÐ;ßÓÐÀàÐ͵ÄÐÔÄÜ¡£</p> \r
+ <h4><a name="4.15.1"></a>4.15.1) ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×ֶΣ¿</h4> \r
+ <p>PostgreSQL Ö§³Ö SERIAL Êý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¡£ËüÔÚ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ×Ô¶¯´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÍË÷Òý¡£ÀýÈ磬<br> \r
+ CREATE TABLE person ( <br> \r
+ id SERIAL, <br> \r
+ name TEXT <br> \r
+ );<br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ »á×Ô¶¯×ª»»Îª£º <br>\r
+ <br>\r
+ CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq;<br> \r
+ CREATE TABLE person ( <br> \r
+ id INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'),<br> \r
+ name TEXT <br> \r
+ );<br> \r
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_id_key ON person ( id );<br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ ²Î¿¼ create_sequence ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¹ØÓÚÐòÁеĸü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÓÃÿÐÐµÄ oid ×Ö¶Î×÷Ϊһ¸öΨһֵ¡£²»¹ý£¬Èç¹ûÄãÐèÒªÇãµ¹ºÍÖØÔØÊý¾Ý¿â£¬ÄãÐèҪʹÓà pg_dump µÄ -o Ñ¡Ïî»òÕß COPY WITH OIDS Ñ¡ÏîÒÔ±£Áô OID¡£ </p> \r
+ <h4><a name="4.15.2"></a>4.15.2) \r
+ ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁкŵÄÖµ£¿</h4>\r
+ <p>Ò»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ²åÈë֮ǰÏÈÓú¯Êý nextval() ´ÓÐòÁжÔÏóÀï¼ìË÷³öÏÂÒ»¸ö SERIAL Öµ£¬È»ºóÔÙÏÔʽ²åÈ롣ʹÓà \r
+ <a href="#4.15.1"> 4.15.1</a> ÀïµÄÀý±í£¬¿ÉÓÃαÂëÕâÑùÃèÊö£º <br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");<br> \r
+ execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')");<br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ ÕâÑù»¹ÄÜÔÚÆäËû²éѯÖÐʹÓôæ·ÅÔÚ new_id ÀïµÄÐÂÖµ£¨ÀýÈ磬×÷Ϊ person ±íµÄÍâ¼ü£©¡£×¢Òâ×Ô¶¯´´½¨µÄ SEQUENCE ¶ÔÏóµÄÃû³Æ½«»áÊÇ <table>_<serialcolumn>_seq£¬ÕâÀï table ºÍ serialcolumn ·Ö±ðÊÇÄãµÄ±íµÄÃû³ÆºÍÄãµÄ SERIAL ×ֶεÄÃû³Æ¡£ <br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ ÀàËƵģ¬ÔÚ SERIAL ¶ÔÏóȱʡ²åÈëºóÄã¿ÉÒÔÓú¯Êý currval() ¼ìË÷¸Õ¸³ÖµµÄ SERIAL Öµ£¬ÀýÈ磬 <br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')");<br> \r
+ new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");<br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ ×îºó£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ´Ó INSERT Óï¾ä·µ»ØµÄ <a href="4.16">OID</a> \r
+ ²éÕÒȱʡֵ£¬¾¡¹ÜÕâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ×îȱ·¦ÒÆÖ²ÐԵķ½·¨¡£ÔÚ Perl ÀʹÓôøÓÐ Edmund Mergl µÄ DBD::Pg Ä£¿éµÄ DBI£¬oid Öµ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý $sth->execute() ºóµÄ $sth->{pg_oid_status} »ñµÃ¡£ </p> \r
+ <h4><a name="4.15.3"></a>4.15.3) ʹÓà currval() ºÍ nextval() »áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸öÓëÆäËûÓû§Ö®¼äµÄÎÉÂÒÇé¿öÂð£¿</h4> \r
+ <p>²»»á¡£currval() ·µ»Øºǫ́½ø³Ì¶ø²»ÊÇËùÓÐÓû§¸³ÓèµÄµ±Ç°Öµ¡£<br> \r
+ </p>\r
+ <h4><a name="4.15.4"></a>4.15.4) \r
+ Ϊʲô²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁкÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁкÅ×ֶεÄÈ¡ÖµÖдæÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿</h4>\r
+ <p>ΪÁËÌá¸ß²¢·¢ÐÔ£¬ÐòÁкÅÔÚÐèÒªµÄʱºò¸³ÓèÕýÔÚÔËÐеÄÊÂÎñ£¬²¢ÇÒÖ»ÔÚÊÂÎñ½áÊø֮ǰ²»·âËø¡£Õâ¾Í»áµ¼ÖÂزÕÛÊÂÎñºóµÄÐòÁкųöÏÖ¼ä¸ô¡£</p>\r
+ <h4><br>\r
+ <a name="4.16"></a>4.16) ʲôÊÇ OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ TID£¿</h4> \r
+ <p>OID ÊÇ PostgreSQL ÖÐÐеÄΨһ±êʶ¡£PostgreSQL Àï´´½¨µÄÿһÐж¼»ñµÃÒ»¸öΨһµÄ OID¡£ËùÓÐÔÚ initdb ¹ý³ÌÖд´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼Ð¡ÓÚ 16384 £¨²Î¼û include/access/transam.h£©¡£ËùÓÐÓû§´´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼´óÓÚ»òµÈÓÚÕâ¸öÖµ¡£È±Ê¡Ê±£¬ËùÓÐÕâЩ OID ²»½öÔÚÒ»¸ö±í»òÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÀïÃæΨһ£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÕû¸ö PostgreSQL °²×°ÀïÒ²ÊÇΨһµÄ¡£ <br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ PostgreSQL ÔÚËüµÄÄÚ²¿ÏµÍ³±íÀïʹÓà OID ÔÚ±íÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ¡£ÕâЩ OID ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ±êʶÌض¨µÄÓû§ÐÐÒÔ¼°ÓÃÔÚÁ¬½ÓÀï¡£½¨ÒéʹÓÃ×Ö¶ÎÀàÐÍ OID ´æ´¢ OID Öµ¡£¿ÉÒÔÔÚ OID ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ´´½¨Ò»¸öË÷ÒýÒÔ¿ìËÙ·ÃÎÊ¡£ <br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ OID ´ÓÒ»¸ö±»ËùÓÐÊý¾Ý¿âʹÓõÄÖÐÐÄÇøÓòÀ︳ֵ¸øËùÓÐÐÂÐС£Èç¹ûÄãÏë°Ñ OID ¸Ä³É±ðµÄÖµ£¬»òÕßÏë×öÒ»·Ý±íµÄ´øÔʼ OID µÄ¿½±´£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ×öµ½£º <br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ CREATE TABLE new(old_oid oid, mycol int);<br> \r
+ SELECT old_oid, mycol INTO new FROM old;<br> \r
+ COPY new TO '/tmp/pgtable';<br> \r
+ DELETE FROM new;<br> \r
+ COPY new WITH OIDS FROM '/tmp/pgtable';<br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ OID ÓÃ4×Ö½ÚµÄÕûÊý±£´æ£¬ÔÚ³¬¹ý40ÒÚʱ½«Òç³ö¡£Ã»ÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ³öÏÖ¹ýÒç³ö£¬¶øÎÒÃÇ´òËãÔÚÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ֮ǰÏû³ýÕâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£<br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ TID ÓÃÓÚ±êʶ´ø×ÅÊý¾Ý¿é£¨µØÖ·£©ºÍ£¨¿éÄÚ£©Æ«ÒƵÄÌض¨µÄÎïÀíÐС£TID ÔÚÐб»¸ü¸Ä»òÖØÔغó·¢Éú¸Ä±ä¡£Ë÷ÒýÈë¿ÚʹÓÃËüÃÇÖ¸ÏòÎïÀíÐС£</p> \r
+ <h4><a name="4.17"></a>4.17) PostgreSQL ʹÓõÄһЩÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÊÇʲô£¿</h4> \r
+ <p>һЩԴ´úÂëºÍһЩ¾ÉÒ»µãµÄÎĵµÊ¹ÓÃһЩÓиü³£ÓÃÓ÷¨µÄÊõÓï¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÆäÖÐÒ»²¿·Ö£º <br>\r
+ table, relation, class <br> \r
+ row, record, tuple <br> \r
+ column, field, attribute <br> \r
+ retrieve, select <br> \r
+ replace, update <br> \r
+ append, insert <br> \r
+ OID, serial value <br> \r
+ portal, cursor <br> \r
+ range variable, table name, table alias <br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ ÓÐÒ»¸öͨÓÃÊý¾Ý¿âÊõÓïµÄÁÐ±í£º<a href="http://hea-www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/software/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.html">http://hea-www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/software/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.html</a> \r
+ ¡£ </p>\r
+ <h4><a name="4.18"></a>4.18) \r
+ ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎó¡°<i>ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()</i>¡±£¿</h4>\r
+ <p>ÕâºÜ¿ÉÄÜÊÇϵͳµÄÐéÄâÄÚ´æÓùâÁË£¬»òÕßÄں˶ÔijЩ×ÊÔ´Óнϵ͵ÄÏÞÖÆÖµ¡£ÔÚÆô¶¯ postmaster ֮ǰÊÔÊÔÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁ <br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ ulimit -d 262144<br> \r
+ limit datasize 256m<br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ È¡¾öÓÚÄãÓÃµÄ shell£¬ÉÏÃæÃüÁîÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÌõÄܳɹ¦£¬µ«ÊÇËü½«°ÑÄãµÄ½ø³ÌÊý¾Ý¶ÎÏÞÖÆÉèµÃ±È½Ï¸ß£¬Òò¶øÒ²ÐíÄÜÈòéѯÍê³É¡£ÕâÌõÃüÁîÓ¦ÓÃÓÚµ±Ç°½ø³Ì£¬ÒÔ¼°ËùÓÐÔÚÕâÌõÃüÁîÔËÐк󴴽¨µÄ×Ó½ø³Ì¡£Èç¹ûÄãÊÇÔÚÔËÐÐSQL¿Í»§¶ËʱÒòΪºǫ́·µ»ØÁËÌ«¶àµÄÊý¾Ý¶ø³öÏÖÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÔÚÔËÐпͻ§¶Ë֮ǰִÐÐÉÏÊöÃüÁî¡£</p> \r
+ <h4><a name="4.19"></a>4.19) \r
+ ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿</h4> \r
+ <p>´Ó psql À¼üÈë SELECT version()£»<br> \r
+ </p>\r
+ <h4><a name="4.20"></a>4.20) \r
+ ΪʲôÎҵĴó¶ÔÏó²Ù×÷µ¼Ö´íÎó¡°<I>invalid large obj descriptor¡±£¨·Ç·¨µÄ´ó¶ÔÏóÃèÊö·û£©</I>£¿</h4> \r
+ <p>ÄãÐèÒªÔÚʹÓÃÈκδó¶ÔÏó¾ä±úµÄÇ°ºó·ÅÉÏ BEGIN WORK ºÍ COMMIT£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬°üΧ lo_open ... lo_close¡£ <br> \r
+ <br>\r
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+ <br>\r
+ Èç¹ûÄãʹÓÿͻ§¶Ë½Ó¿Ú£¬Èç ODBC£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª set auto-commit off¡£</p> \r
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+ <p>ʹÓà CURRENT_TIMESTAMP£º<br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ CREATE TABLE test(x int, modtime timestamp DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);</p> \r
+ <h4><a name="4.22"></a>4.22) ΪʲôʹÓà IN µÄ×Ó²éѯÕâôÂý£¿</h4> \r
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+ <br>\r
+ SELECT *<br> \r
+ FROM tab<br> \r
+ WHERE col IN (SELECT subcol FROM subtab);<br> \r
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+ ¸ÄΪ£º <br>\r
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+ <h4><a name="4.23"></a>4.23) ÎÒÔõÑù½øÐÐ outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿</h4> \r
+ <p>PostgreSQL ²ÉÓñê×¼µÄ SQL Óï·¨Ö§³ÖÍâÁ¬½Ó¡£ÕâÀïÊÇÁ½¸öÀý×Ó£º<br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ SELECT *<br> \r
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+ SELECT *<br> \r
+ FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING (col);<br> \r
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+ <br>\r
+ ÔÚ´ËÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬ÍâÁ¬½Ó¿ÉÒÔÓà UNION ºÍ NOT IN À´Ä£Äâ¡£ÀýÈ磬ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÔÚ±í tab1 ºÍ tab2 Ö®¼ä×öÍâÁ¬½Ó£º<br> \r
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+ SELECT tab1.col1, tab2.col2<br> \r
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+ <br>\r
+ UNION ALL<br> \r
+ <br>\r
+ SELECT tab1.col1, NULL<br> \r
+ FROM tab1<br> \r
+ WHERE tab1.col1 NOT IN (SELECT tab2.col1 FROM tab2)<br> \r
+ ORDER BY col1</p> \r
+ <h4><a name="4.24"></a>4.24) \r
+ ÈçºÎʹÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯ£¿</h4>\r
+ <p>ûÓа취²éѯµ±Ç°Êý¾Ý¿âÖ®ÍâµÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£ÒòΪ PostgreSQL ¼ÓÔØÊý¾Ý¿âÏà¹ØµÄϵͳĿ¼£¨ÏµÍ³±í£©£¬¿çÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯÈçºÎÖ´ÐÐҲδÃ÷È·¡£<br> \r
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+ ÈçºÎÈú¯Êý·µ»Ø¶àÐлò¶àÁУ¿</h4>\r
+ <p>¿ÉÒÔÔÚ PL/pgSQL º¯ÊýÖÐʹÓà refcursors ·µ»Ø½á¹û¼¯¡£²Î¿´ \r
+ <a href="http://www.PostgreSQL.org/idocs/index.php?plpgsql-cursors.html"> http://www.PostgreSQL.org/idocs/index.php?plpgsql-cursors.html</a>, 23.7.3.3½Ú¡£<br> \r
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+ <h4><a name="4.26"></a>4.26) ΪʲôÔÚ \r
+ PL/PgSQL º¯ÊýÖв»ÄÜ¿É¿¿µØ´´½¨»òɾ³ýÁÙʱ±í£¿</h4> \r
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+ »º´æº¯ÊýµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÓÉ´Ë´øÀ´µÄÒ»¸ö²»ºÃµÄ¸±×÷ÓÃÊÇÈôÒ»¸ö PL/PgSQL \r
+ º¯Êý·ÃÎÊÁËÒ»¸öÁÙʱ±í£¬È»ºó¸Ã±í±»É¾³ý²¢Öؽ¨ÁË£¬ÔòÔٴε÷Óøú¯Êý½«Ê§°Ü£¬ÒòΪ»º´æµÄº¯ÊýÄÚÈÝÈÔȻָÏò¾ÉµÄÁÙʱ±í¡£½â¾öµÄ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ \r
+ PL/PgSQL ÖÐÓÃ EXECUTE \r
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+ <a href="http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/genpage?replication_research">http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/genpage?replication_research</a> \r
+ µÄ×îºóÁгöÁËÕâЩѡÏî¡£ÔÚ <a href="http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/project/pgreplication/projdisplay.php"> http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/project/pgreplication/projdisplay.php</a> \r
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+ <p>contrib/pgcrypto °üº¬Á˺ܶàÔÚ SQL \r
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+ <br>\r
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p>\r
+ <h2 align="center">À©Õ¹ PostgreSQL</h2> \r
+ <h4><a name="5.1"></a>5.1) \r
+ ÎÒдÁËÒ»¸öÓû§¶¨Ò庯Êý¡£µ±ÎÒÔÚ psql ÀïÔËÐÐʱ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´»áµ¼Ö core dump£¿</h4> \r
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+ PostgreSQL ¹±Ï×һЩͦ²»´íµÄÐÂÀàÐͺͺ¯Êý£¿</h4> \r
+ <p>½«ÄãµÄÀ©Õ¹·¢Ë͵½ pgsql-hackers \r
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+ <p>ÔÚ PostgreSQL 7.3 ÒÔºóµÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬C, PL/PgSQL ºÍ SQL \r
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+ <h4><a name="5.4"></a>5.4) \r
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+ <p> Makefiles ÖÐûÓаüº¬Í·ÎļþµÄÕýÈ·ÒÀÀµ¡£Äú±ØÐëÏÈ×ömake \r
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+ </BODY>\r
+</HTML>\r
projects / postgresql / commitdiff