+++ /dev/null
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
- "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
-
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- <head>
- <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
-
- <title>Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) support</title>
- </head>
- <!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) -->
-
- <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF"
- vlink="#000080" alink="#FF0000">
- <!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
-
- <h1 align="center">Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support</h1>
-
- <p>The Apache HTTP Server is a modular program where the
- administrator can choose the functionality to include in the
- server by selecting a set of modules. The modules can be
- statically compiled into the <code>httpd</code> binary when the
- server is built. Alternatively, modules can be compiled as
- Dynamic Shared Objects (DSOs) that exist separately from the
- main <code>httpd</code> binary file. DSO modules may be
- compiled at the time the server is built, or they may be
- compiled and added at a later time using the Apache Extension
- Tool (<a href="programs/apxs.html">apxs</a>).</p>
-
- <p>This document describes how to use DSO modules as well as
- the theory behind their use.</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="#usage">Usage Summary</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="#background">Background</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="#advantages">Advantages and
- Disadvantages</a></li>
- </ul>
- <hr />
-
- <table border="1">
- <tr>
- <td valign="top"><strong>Related Modules</strong><br />
- <br />
- <a href="mod/mod_so.html">mod_so</a><br />
- </td>
-
- <td valign="top"><strong>Related Directives</strong><br />
- <br />
- <a href="mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a><br />
- </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
-
- <h2><a id="implementation"
- name="implementation">Implementation</a></h2>
-
- <p>The DSO support for loading individual Apache modules is
- based on a module named <a
- href="mod/mod_so.html"><code>mod_so.c</code></a> which must be
- statically compiled into the Apache core. It is the only module
- besides <code>core.c</code> which cannot be put into a DSO
- itself. Practically all other distributed Apache modules
- can then be placed into a DSO by individually enabling the DSO
- build for them via <code>configure</code>'s
- <code>--enable-<i>module</i>=shared</code> option as disucussed
- in the <a href="install.html">install documentation</a>. After
- a module is compiled into a DSO named <code>mod_foo.so</code>
- you can use <a href="mod/mod_so.html"><code>mod_so</code></a>'s
- <a
- href="mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule"><code>LoadModule</code></a>
- command in your <code>httpd.conf</code> file to load this
- module at server startup or restart.</p>
-
- <p>To simplify this creation of DSO files for Apache modules
- (especially for third-party modules) a new support program
- named <a href="programs/apxs.html">apxs</a> (<em>APache
- eXtenSion</em>) is available. It can be used to build DSO based
- modules <em>outside of</em> the Apache source tree. The idea is
- simple: When installing Apache the <code>configure</code>'s
- <code>make install</code> procedure installs the Apache C
- header files and puts the platform-dependent compiler and
- linker flags for building DSO files into the <code>apxs</code>
- program. This way the user can use <code>apxs</code> to compile
- his Apache module sources without the Apache distribution
- source tree and without having to fiddle with the
- platform-dependent compiler and linker flags for DSO
- support.</p>
-
- <h2><a id="usage" name="usage">Usage Summary</a></h2>
-
- <p>To give you an overview of the DSO features of Apache 2.0,
- here is a short and concise summary:</p>
-
- <ol>
- <li>
- Build and install a <em>distributed</em> Apache module, say
- <code>mod_foo.c</code>, into its own DSO
- <code>mod_foo.so</code>:
-
- <table bgcolor="#f0f0f0" cellpadding="10">
- <tr>
- <td>
-<pre>
-$ ./configure --prefix=/path/to/install
- --enable-foo=shared
-$ make install
-</pre>
- </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- </li>
-
- <li>
- Build and install a <em>third-party</em> Apache module, say
- <code>mod_foo.c</code>, into its own DSO
- <code>mod_foo.so</code>:
-
- <table bgcolor="#f0f0f0" cellpadding="10">
- <tr>
- <td>
-<pre>
-$ ./configure --add-module=module_type:/path/to/3rdparty/mod_foo.c
- --enable-foo=shared
-$ make install
-</pre>
- </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- </li>
-
- <li>
- Configure Apache for <em>later installation</em> of shared
- modules:
-
- <table bgcolor="#f0f0f0" cellpadding="10">
- <tr>
- <td>
-<pre>
-$ ./configure --enable-so
-$ make install
-</pre>
- </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- </li>
-
- <li>
- Build and install a <em>third-party</em> Apache module, say
- <code>mod_foo.c</code>, into its own DSO
- <code>mod_foo.so</code> <em>outside of</em> the Apache
- source tree using <a href="programs/apxs.html">apxs</a>:
-
- <table bgcolor="#f0f0f0" cellpadding="10">
- <tr>
- <td>
-<pre>
-$ cd /path/to/3rdparty
-$ apxs -c mod_foo.c
-$ apxs -i -a -n foo mod_foo.so
-</pre>
- </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- </li>
- </ol>
-
- <p>In all cases, once the shared module is compiled, you must
- use a <a
- href="mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule"><code>LoadModule</code></a>
- directive in <code>httpd.conf</code> to tell Apache to activate
- the module.</p>
-
- <h2><a id="background" name="background">Background</a></h2>
-
- <p>On modern Unix derivatives there exists a nifty mechanism
- usually called dynamic linking/loading of <em>Dynamic Shared
- Objects</em> (DSO) which provides a way to build a piece of
- program code in a special format for loading it at run-time
- into the address space of an executable program.</p>
-
- <p>This loading can usually be done in two ways: Automatically
- by a system program called <code>ld.so</code> when an
- executable program is started or manually from within the
- executing program via a programmatic system interface to the
- Unix loader through the system calls
- <code>dlopen()/dlsym()</code>.</p>
-
- <p>In the first way the DSO's are usually called <em>shared
- libraries</em> or <em>DSO libraries</em> and named
- <code>libfoo.so</code> or <code>libfoo.so.1.2</code>. They
- reside in a system directory (usually <code>/usr/lib</code>)
- and the link to the executable program is established at
- build-time by specifying <code>-lfoo</code> to the linker
- command. This hard-codes library references into the executable
- program file so that at start-time the Unix loader is able to
- locate <code>libfoo.so</code> in <code>/usr/lib</code>, in
- paths hard-coded via linker-options like <code>-R</code> or in
- paths configured via the environment variable
- <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code>. It then resolves any (yet
- unresolved) symbols in the executable program which are
- available in the DSO.</p>
-
- <p>Symbols in the executable program are usually not referenced
- by the DSO (because it's a reusable library of general code)
- and hence no further resolving has to be done. The executable
- program has no need to do anything on its own to use the
- symbols from the DSO because the complete resolving is done by
- the Unix loader. (In fact, the code to invoke
- <code>ld.so</code> is part of the run-time startup code which
- is linked into every executable program which has been bound
- non-static). The advantage of dynamic loading of common library
- code is obvious: the library code needs to be stored only once,
- in a system library like <code>libc.so</code>, saving disk
- space for every program.</p>
-
- <p>In the second way the DSO's are usually called <em>shared
- objects</em> or <em>DSO files</em> and can be named with an
- arbitrary extension (although the canonical name is
- <code>foo.so</code>). These files usually stay inside a
- program-specific directory and there is no automatically
- established link to the executable program where they are used.
- Instead the executable program manually loads the DSO at
- run-time into its address space via <code>dlopen()</code>. At
- this time no resolving of symbols from the DSO for the
- executable program is done. But instead the Unix loader
- automatically resolves any (yet unresolved) symbols in the DSO
- from the set of symbols exported by the executable program and
- its already loaded DSO libraries (especially all symbols from
- the ubiquitous <code>libc.so</code>). This way the DSO gets
- knowledge of the executable program's symbol set as if it had
- been statically linked with it in the first place.</p>
-
- <p>Finally, to take advantage of the DSO's API the executable
- program has to resolve particular symbols from the DSO via
- <code>dlsym()</code> for later use inside dispatch tables
- <em>etc.</em> In other words: The executable program has to
- manually resolve every symbol it needs to be able to use it.
- The advantage of such a mechanism is that optional program
- parts need not be loaded (and thus do not spend memory) until
- they are needed by the program in question. When required,
- these program parts can be loaded dynamically to extend the
- base program's functionality.</p>
-
- <p>Although this DSO mechanism sounds straightforward there is
- at least one difficult step here: The resolving of symbols from
- the executable program for the DSO when using a DSO to extend a
- program (the second way). Why? Because "reverse resolving" DSO
- symbols from the executable program's symbol set is against the
- library design (where the library has no knowledge about the
- programs it is used by) and is neither available under all
- platforms nor standardized. In practice the executable
- program's global symbols are often not re-exported and thus not
- available for use in a DSO. Finding a way to force the linker
- to export all global symbols is the main problem one has to
- solve when using DSO for extending a program at run-time.</p>
-
- <p>The shared library approach is the typical one, because it
- is what the DSO mechanism was designed for, hence it is used
- for nearly all types of libraries the operating system
- provides. On the other hand using shared objects for extending
- a program is not used by a lot of programs.</p>
-
- <p>As of 1998 there are only a few software packages available
- which use the DSO mechanism to actually extend their
- functionality at run-time: Perl 5 (via its XS mechanism and the
- DynaLoader module), Netscape Server, <em>etc.</em> Starting
- with version 1.3, Apache joined the crew, because Apache
- already uses a module concept to extend its functionality and
- internally uses a dispatch-list-based approach to link external
- modules into the Apache core functionality. So, Apache is
- really predestined for using DSO to load its modules at
- run-time.</p>
-
- <h2><a id="advantages" name="advantages">Advantages and
- Disadvantages</a></h2>
-
- <p>The above DSO based features have the following
- advantages:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li>The server package is more flexible at run-time because
- the actual server process can be assembled at run-time via <a
- href="mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule"><code>LoadModule</code></a>
- <code>httpd.conf</code> configuration commands instead of
- <code>configure</code> options at build-time. For instance
- this way one is able to run different server instances
- (standard & SSL version, minimalistic & powered up
- version [mod_perl, PHP3], <em>etc.</em>) with only one Apache
- installation.</li>
-
- <li>The server package can be easily extended with
- third-party modules even after installation. This is at least
- a great benefit for vendor package maintainers who can create
- a Apache core package and additional packages containing
- extensions like PHP3, mod_perl, mod_fastcgi,
- <em>etc.</em></li>
-
- <li>Easier Apache module prototyping because with the
- DSO/<code>apxs</code> pair you can both work outside the
- Apache source tree and only need an <code>apxs -i</code>
- command followed by an <code>apachectl restart</code> to
- bring a new version of your currently developed module into
- the running Apache server.</li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>DSO has the following disadvantages:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li>The DSO mechanism cannot be used on every platform
- because not all operating systems support dynamic loading of
- code into the address space of a program.</li>
-
- <li>The server is approximately 20% slower at startup time
- because of the symbol resolving overhead the Unix loader now
- has to do.</li>
-
- <li>The server is approximately 5% slower at execution time
- under some platforms because position independent code (PIC)
- sometimes needs complicated assembler tricks for relative
- addressing which are not necessarily as fast as absolute
- addressing.</li>
-
- <li>Because DSO modules cannot be linked against other
- DSO-based libraries (<code>ld -lfoo</code>) on all platforms
- (for instance a.out-based platforms usually don't provide
- this functionality while ELF-based platforms do) you cannot
- use the DSO mechanism for all types of modules. Or in other
- words, modules compiled as DSO files are restricted to only
- use symbols from the Apache core, from the C library
- (<code>libc</code>) and all other dynamic or static libraries
- used by the Apache core, or from static library archives
- (<code>libfoo.a</code>) containing position independent code.
- The only chances to use other code is to either make sure the
- Apache core itself already contains a reference to it or
- loading the code yourself via <code>dlopen()</code>.</li>
- </ul>
- <!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
- </body>
-</html>
-
--- /dev/null
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+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+ <head>
+
+ <title>Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) support</title>
+ </head>
+ <!-- English revision: 1.22 -->
+ <!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) -->
+
+ <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF"
+ vlink="#000080" alink="#FF0000">
+ <!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
+
+ <h1 align="center">\e$BF0E*6&M-%*%V%8%'%/%H\e(B (DSO) \e$B%5%]!<%H\e(B</h1>
+
+ <p>Apache HTTP \e$B%5!<%P$O%b%8%e!<%k2=$5$l$?%W%m%0%i%`$G!"\e(B
+ \e$B4IM}<T$,%b%8%e!<%k$rA*Br$9$k$3$H$G%5!<%P$KAH$_9~$`5!G=$rA*$V$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B%b%8%e!<%k$O%5!<%P$,%S%k%I$5$l$k$H$-$K\e(B <code>httpd</code> \e$B%P%$%J%j$K\e(B
+ \e$B@EE*$KAH$_9~$`$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#$b$7$/$O!"\e(B<code>httpd</code> \e$B%P%$%J%j$H$O\e(B
+ \e$BJL$KB8:_$9$kF0E*6&M-%*%V%8%'%/%H\e(B (\e$BLuCm\e(B: Dynamic Shared Object)
+ (DSO) \e$B$H$7$F%3%s%Q%$%k$9$k$3$H$b\e(B
+ \e$B$G$-$^$9!#\e(BDSO \e$B%b%8%e!<%k$O%5!<%P$,%S%k%I$5$l$k$H$-$K%3%s%Q%$%k$7$?$j!"\e(B
+ Apache
\e$B3HD%%D!<%k
\e(B (<a href="programs/apxs.html">apxs</a>)
\e$B$r
\e(B
+ \e$B;H$C$F8e$G%3%s%Q%$%k$7$FDI2C$7$?$j$G$-$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>\e$B$3$NJ8=q$O\e(B DSO \e$B%b%8%e!<%k$N;H$$J}$H!"$=$NO@M}$K$D$$$F\e(B
+ \e$B@bL@$7$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#implementation">\e$B<BAu\e(B</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="#usage">\e$B;HMQK!$N35MW\e(B</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="#background">\e$BGX7J\e(B</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="#advantages">\e$BMxE@$H7gE@\e(B</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ <hr />
+
+ <table border="1">
+ <tr>
+ <td valign="top"><strong>\e$B4XO"%b%8%e!<%k\e(B</strong><br />
+ <br />
+ <a href="mod/mod_so.html">mod_so</a><br />
+ </td>
+
+ <td valign="top"><strong>\e$B4XO"%G%#%l%/%F%#%V\e(B</strong><br />
+ <br />
+ <a href="mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a><br />
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+ <h2><a id="implementation"
+ name="implementation">\e$B<BAu\e(B</a></h2>
+
+ <p>\e$B8D!9$N\e(B Apache \e$B%b%8%e!<%k$r%m!<%I$9$k$?$a$N\e(B DSO \e$B%5%]!<%H$O\e(B
+ <a href="mod/mod_so.html"><code>mod_so.c</code></a> \e$B$H$$$&%b%8%e!<%k$N\e(B
+ \e$B5!G=$K4p$E$$$F$$$^$9!#$3$N%b%8%e!<%k\e(B \e$B$O\e(B Apache \e$B$N%3%"$K@EE*$KAH$_9~$^$l$F$$$k\e(B
+ \e$BI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#$=$l$O\e(B <code>core.c</code> \e$B0J30$G$O\e(B DSO \e$B$K$G$-$J$$M#0l$N\e(B
+ \e$B%b%8%e!<%k$G$9!#;v<B>e!"B>$N$9$Y$F$N\e(B Apache \e$B$N%b%8%e!<%k$O!"\e(B
+ <a href="install.html">\e$B%$%s%9%H!<%k$NJ8=q\e(B</a>\e$B$G@bL@$5$l$F$$$k$h$&$K!"\e(B
+ <code>configure</code> \e$B$N\e(B
+ <code>--enable-<i>module</i>=shared</code> \e$B%*%W%7%g%s$G$=$l$>$l$r\e(B
+ DSO \e$B%S%k%I$K$9$k$3$H$K$h$j!"\e(BDSO \e$B%b%8%e!<%k$K$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B
+ <code>mod_foo.so</code> \e$B$N$h$&$J\e(B DSO \e$B$K%b%8%e!<%k$,%3%s%Q%$%k$5$l$l$P!"\e(B
+ <code>httpd.conf</code> \e$B%U%!%$%kCf$G\e(B
+ <a href="mod/mod_so.html"><code>mod_so</code></a> \e$B$N\e(B
+ <a href="mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule"><code>LoadModule</code></a>
+ \e$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$r;H$&$3$H$G%5!<%P$N5/F0$d:F5/F0;~$K$3$N%b%8%e!<%k$r\e(B
+ \e$B%m!<%I$9$k$h$&$K$G$-$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>Apache \e$B%b%8%e!<%kMQ$N\e(B (\e$BFC$K%5!<%I%Q!<%F%#%b%8%e!<%k$N\e(B) DSO \e$B%U%!%$%k$N\e(B
+
\e$B:n@.$r4JC1$K$9$k$?$a$K!"
\e(B<a href="programs/apxs.html">apxs</a>
+ (<em>APache eXtenSion</em>) \e$B$H$$$&?7$7$$%5%]!<%H%W%m%0%i%`$,$"$j$^$9!#\e(B
+ Apache \e$B$N%=!<%9%D%j!<$N\e(B<em>\e$B30$G\e(B</em> DSO \e$B%b%8%e!<%k$r%S%k%I$9$k$?$a$K\e(B
+ \e$B;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#H/A[$OC1=c$G$9\e(B: Apache \e$B$N%$%s%9%H!<%k;~$N\e(B
+ <code>configure</code>\e$B!"\e(B<code>make install</code> \e$B$N$H$-$K\e(B Apache \e$B$N\e(B
+ C \e$B%X%C%@$r%$%s%9%H!<%k$7!"\e(BDSO \e$B%S%k%IMQ$N%W%i%C%H%U%)!<%`0MB8$N\e(B
+ \e$B%3%s%Q%$%i$H%j%s%+$N%U%i%0$r\e(B <code>apxs</code> \e$B%W%m%0%i%`$KDI2C$7$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B$3$l$K$h$j!"%f!<%6$,\e(B Apache \e$B$NG[I[%=!<%9%D%j!<$J$7$G!"$5$i$K\e(B
+ DSO \e$B%5%]!<%H$N$?$a$N%W%i%C%H%U%)!<%`0MB8$N%3%s%Q%$%i$d%j%s%+$N\e(B
+ \e$B%U%i%0$r$$$8$k$3$H$J$/\e(B Apache \e$B$N%b%8%e!<%k$N%=!<%9$r%3%s%Q%$%k\e(B
+ \e$B$G$-$k$h$&$K$J$j$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <h2><a id="usage" name="usage">\e$B;HMQK!$N35MW\e(B</a></h2>
+
+ <p>Apache 2.0 \e$B$N\e(B DSO \e$B5!G=$N35N,$rCN$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$?$a$N!"\e(B
+ \e$BC;$/4J7i$J35MW$G$9\e(B:</p>
+
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ <em>\e$BG[I[$5$l$F$$$k\e(B</em> Apache \e$B%b%8%e!<%k!"2>$K\e(B <code>mod_foo.c</code>
+ \e$B$H$7$F!"$=$l$r\e(B DSO <code>mod_foo.so</code> \e$B$K%S%k%I!"%$%s%9%H!<%k\e(B:
+
+ <table bgcolor="#f0f0f0" cellpadding="10">
+ <tr>
+ <td>
+<pre>
+$ ./configure --prefix=/path/to/install
+ --enable-foo=shared
+$ make install
+</pre>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <em>\e$B%5!<%I%Q!<%F%#\e(B</em> Apache \e$B%b%8%e!<%k!"2>$K\e(B <code>mod_foo.c</code>
+ \e$B$H$7$F!"$=$l$r\e(B DSO <code>mod_foo.so</code> \e$B$K%S%k%I!"%$%s%9%H!<%k\e(B:
+
+ <table bgcolor="#f0f0f0" cellpadding="10">
+ <tr>
+ <td>
+<pre>
+$ ./configure --add-module=module_type:/path/to/3rdparty/mod_foo.c
+ --enable-foo=shared
+$ make install
+</pre>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ \e$B6&M-%b%8%e!<%k$N\e(B <em>\e$B8e!9$N%$%s%9%H!<%k\e(B</em> \e$B$N$?$a$K\e(B
+ Apache \e$B$r@_Dj\e(B:
+
+ <table bgcolor="#f0f0f0" cellpadding="10">
+ <tr>
+ <td>
+<pre>
+$ ./configure --enable-so
+$ make install
+</pre>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <em>\e$B%5!<%I%Q!<%F%#\e(B</em> Apache \e$B%b%8%e!<%k!"2>$K\e(B <code>mod_foo.c</code>
+
\e$B$H$7$F!"$=$l$r
\e(B <a href="programs/apxs.html">apxs</a>
\e$B$r;H$C$F
\e(B
+ Apache \e$B%=!<%9%D%j!<$N\e(B<em>\e$B30$G\e(B</em> DSO \e$B$K%S%k%I!"%$%s%9%H!<%k\e(B:
+
+ <table bgcolor="#f0f0f0" cellpadding="10">
+ <tr>
+ <td>
+<pre>
+$ cd /path/to/3rdparty
+$ apxs -c mod_foo.c
+$ apxs -i -a -n foo mod_foo.so
+</pre>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+
+ <p>\e$B$I$N>l9g$K$*$$$F$b!"6&M-%b%8%e!<%k$r%3%s%Q%$%k$7$?8e$G!"\e(B
+ <code>httpd.conf</code>
\e$B$G
\e(B <a
+ href="mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule"><code>LoadModule</code></a>
+ \e$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$r;H$C$F\e(B Apache \e$B$,%b%8%e!<%k$r;HMQ$9$k$h$&$K\e(B
+ \e$B$7$J$1$l$P$J$j$^$;$s!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <h2><a id="background" name="background">\e$BGX7J\e(B</a></h2>
+
+ <p>\e$B:G6a$N\e(B Unix \e$B7O$N\e(B OS \e$B$K$O\e(B <em>\e$BF0E*6&M-%*%V%8%'%/%H\e(B</em> (DSO)
+ \e$B$NF0E*%j%s%/\e(B/\e$B%m!<%I$H$$$&5$$N$-$$$?5!9=$,\e(B
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+ \e$B2r7h$7$^$9!#\e(B</p>
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+ <p>\e$BIaDL$O<B9T%W%m%0%i%`Cf$N%7%s%\%k$O\e(B DSO \e$B$+$i$O;2>H$5$l$^$;$s\e(B
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+ \e$B%7%s%\%k$O\e(B Unix \e$B%m!<%@$K$h$j40A4$J2r7h$,9T$J$o$l$^$9$N$G!"<B9T%U%!%$%k<+?H$O\e(B
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+
+ <p>\e$BFs$D$a$NJ}K!$G$O\e(B DSO \e$B$OIaDL$O\e(B<em>\e$B6&M-%*%V%8%'%/%H\e(B</em>\e$B$d\e(B
+ <em>DSO \e$B%U%!%$%k\e(B</em>\e$B$H8F$P$l$F$$$F!"G$0U$N3HD%;R$rIU$1$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9\e(B
+ (\e$B$?$@$7!"I8=`E*$JL>A0$O\e(B <code>foo.so</code> \e$B$G$9\e(B)\e$B!#\e(B
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+ \e$B$7$+$7!"$=$NBe$o$j$K\e(B Unix \e$B$N%m!<%@$,\e(B DSO \e$B$N\e(B (\e$B$^$@L$2r7h$N\e(B) \e$B%7%s%\%k$r\e(B
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+ \e$B<B9T%W%m%0%i%`$N%7%s%\%k$rCN$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>\e$B:G8e$K!"\e(BDSO \e$B$N\e(B API \e$B$rMxE@$r@8$+$9$?$a$K!"%W%m%0%i%`$O\e(B
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+ <code>dlsym()</code> \e$B$r;H$C$F$$$/$D$+$N%7%s%\%k$r2r7h$7$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B$9$J$o$A\e(B: \e$B<B9T%W%m%0%i%`$OI,MW$J$9$Y$F$N%7%s%\%k$r<jF0$G2r7h$7$J$1$l$P\e(B
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+ \e$B$3$H$G$9!#I,MW$J$i$P!"4pK\%W%m%0%i%`$N5!G=$r3HD%$9$k$?$a$K\e(B
+ \e$B$3$l$i$NItJ,$rF0E*$K%m!<%I$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B</p>
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+ <p>\e$B$3$N\e(B DSO \e$B5!9=$O4JC1$J$h$&$K8+$($^$9$,!">/$J$/$H$b0l$DFq$7$$E@$,\e(B
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+ DSO \e$B$,<B9T%W%m%0%i%`$+$i%7%s%\%k$r2r7h$9$kE@$G$9\e(B (\e$BFsHVL\$NJ}K!\e(B)\e$B!#\e(B
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+ \e$B$"$^$j;H$o$l$F$$$^$;$s!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>1998 \e$BG/$N;~E@$G!"<B9T;~$K<B:]$K5!G=3HD%$N$?$a$K\e(B DSO \e$B5!9=$r;H$C$F$$$k\e(B
+ \e$B%=%U%H%&%'%"%Q%C%1!<%8$O>/$7$@$1$G$7$?\e(B: Perl 5 (XS \e$B5!9=$H\e(B DnaLoader \e$B%b%8%e!<%k\e(B
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+ \e$B%P!<%8%g%s\e(B 1.3 \e$B$+$i!"\e(BApache \e$B$b\e(B DSO \e$B5!9=$r;H$&Cg4V$K$J$j$^$7$?!#\e(B
+ Apache \e$B$O<B9T;~$K\e(B DSO \e$B$r;H$C$F%b%8%e!<%k$r%m!<%I$9$k$h$&$K$9$G$K\e(B
+ \e$B1?L?IU$1$i$l$F$$$?$N$G$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <h2><a id="advantages" name="advantages">\e$BMxE@$H7gE@\e(B</a></h2>
+
+ <p>\e$B>e5-$N\e(B DSO \e$B$K4p$E$$$?5!G=$O0J2<$NMxE@$,$"$j$^$9\e(B:</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li>\e$B<B:]$N%5!<%P%W%m%;%9$rAH$_N)$F$k$?$a$K!"\e(B
+ \e$B%S%k%I;~$K\e(B <code>configure</code> \e$B$N%*%W%7%g%s$r;H$&Be$o$j$K\e(B
+
\e$B<B9T;~$K
\e(B <code>httpd.conf</code>
\e$B$N@_DjMQ%3%^%s%I
\e(B <a
+ href="mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule"><code>LoadModule</code></a>
+ \e$B$r;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$^$9$N$G!"%5!<%P%Q%C%1!<%8$N=@Fp@-$,9b$^$j$^$7$?!#\e(B
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+ <em>\e$B$J$I\e(B</em>) \e$B$r<B9T$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B</li>
+
+ <li>\e$B%$%s%9%H!<%k$N8e$G$"$C$F$b!"%5!<%P$N%Q%C%1!<%8$r%5!<%I%Q!<%F%#\e(B
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+ \e$BBg$-$JMxE@$,$"$j$^$9!#\e(B</li>
+
+ <li>Apache \e$B%b%8%e!<%k$N3+H/$,4JC1$K$J$j$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B$3$l$O\e(B DSO/<code>apxs</code> \e$B$NAH$_9g$o$;$K$h$j!"\e(BApache \e$B%=!<%9%D%j!<$N\e(B
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+ \e$B<B9TCf$N\e(B Apache \e$B%5!<%P$KAH$_9~$`$?$a$K\e(B <code>apxs -i</code> \e$B$H\e(B
+ <code>apachectl restart</code> \e$B$r9T$J$&$@$1$GNI$/$J$k$+$i$G$9!#\e(B</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <p>DSO \e$B$K$O0J2<$N7gE@$,$"$j$^$9\e(B:</p>
+
+ <ul>
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+
+ <li>Unix \e$B$N%m!<%@$,%7%s%\%k$N2r7h$r$9$kI,MW$,$G$-$?$N$G!"\e(B
+ \e$B$=$N%*!<%P%X%C%I$K$h$j%5!<%P$N5/F0;~4V$,Ls\e(B 20% \e$BCY$/$J$C$F$$$^$9!#\e(B</li>
+
+ <li>\e$B0LCVHs0MB8%3!<%I\e(B (PIC) (\e$BLuCm\e(B position independent code) \e$B$O\e(B
+ \e$BAjBP%"%I%l%9$N$?$a$KJ#;($J%"%;%s%V%i$N%H%j%C%/$,I,MW$J$3$H$,$"$j!"\e(B
+ \e$B$=$l$OI,$:$7$b@dBP%"%I%l%9$HF1$8$/$i$$$NB.EY$,$G$k$o$1$G$O$"$j$^$;$s$N$G!"\e(B
+ \e$B%W%i%C%H%U%)!<%`$K$h$C$F$O%5!<%P$N<B9TB.EY$,Ls\e(B 5% \e$BCY$/$J$j$^$9!#\e(B</li>
+
+ <li>DSO \e$B%b%8%e!<%k$O$9$Y$F$N%W%i%C%H%U%)!<%`$GB>$N\e(B DSO \e$B$K4p$E$$$?\e(B
+ \e$B%i%$%V%i%j$KBP$7$F%j%s%/$G$-$k\e(B (<code>ld -lfoo</code>)
+ \e$B$H$$$&$o$1$G$O$"$j$^$;$s$N$G\e(B (\e$B$?$H$($P!"\e(Ba.out \e$B$N%W%i%C%H%U%)!<%`$G$O\e(B
+ \e$B$3$N5!G=$O$"$j$^$;$s$,!"\e(BELF \e$B$N%W%i%C%H%U%)!<%`$K$O$"$j$^$9\e(B)\e$B!"\e(B
+ \e$B$9$Y$F$N<oN`$N%b%8%e!<%k$K\e(B DSO \e$B5!9=$r;H$($k$o$1$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#\e(B
+ \e$B8@$$49$($k$H!"\e(BDSO \e$B%U%!%$%k$H$7$F%3%s%Q%$%k$5$l$?%b%8%e!<%k$N\e(B
+ \e$B;H$($k%7%s%\%k$O!"\e(B
+ Apache \e$B$N%3%"$N%7%s%\%k!"\e(BC \e$B%i%$%V%i%j\e(B (<code>libc</code>) \e$B$H\e(B
+ Apache \e$B%3%"$,;H$C$F$$$kB>$N$9$Y$F$N@EE*$J%i%$%V%i%j$HF0E*%i%$%V%i%j$N\e(B
+ \e$B%7%s%\%k!"\e(BPIC \e$B$K$h$k@EE*$J%i%$%V%i%j\e(B (<code>libfoo.a</code>) \e$B$N\e(B
+ \e$B%7%s%\%k$N$_$K@)8B$5$l$^$9!#$=$NB>$N%3!<%I$r;H$&J}K!$O!"\e(B
+ Apache \e$B%3%"<+?H$,$9$G$K$=$N%3!<%I$X$N;2>H$,$"$k$h$&$K$9$k$+!"\e(B
+ <code>dlopen ()</code> \e$B$r;H$C$F%3!<%I$r<+J,<+?H$G%m!<%I$9$k$+$N\e(B
+ \e$B$I$A$i$+$7$+$"$j$^$;$s!#\e(B</li>
+ </ul>
+ <!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
+ </body>
+</html>
+
+++ /dev/null
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
- "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
-
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- <head>
- <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
-
- <title>Log Files - Apache HTTP Server</title>
- </head>
- <!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) -->
-
- <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF"
- vlink="#000080" alink="#FF0000">
- <!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
-
- <h1 align="center">Log Files</h1>
-
- <p>In order to effectively manage a web server, it is necessary
- to get feedback about the activity and performance of the
- server as well as any problems that may be occuring. The Apache
- HTTP Server provides very comprehensive and flexible logging
- capabilities. This document describes how to configure its
- logging capabilities, and how to understand what the logs
- contain.</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li><a href="#security">Security Warning</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="#errorlog">Error Log</a></li>
-
- <li>
- <a href="#accesslog">Access Log</a>
-
- <ul>
- <li><a href="#common">Common Log Format</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="#combined">Combined Log Format</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="#multiple">Multiple Access Logs</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="#conditional">Conditional Logging</a></li>
- </ul>
- </li>
-
- <li><a href="#rotation">Log Rotation</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="#piped">Piped Logs</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="#virtualhosts">Virtual Hosts</a></li>
-
- <li>
- <a href="#other">Other Log Files</a>
-
- <ul>
- <li><a href="#pidfile">PID File</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="#scriptlog">Script Log</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="#rewritelog">Rewrite Log</a></li>
- </ul>
- </li>
- </ul>
- <hr />
-
- <h2><a id="security" name="security">Security Warning</a></h2>
-
- <p>Anyone who can write to the directory where Apache is
- writing a log file can almost certainly gain access to the uid
- that the server is started as, which is normally root. Do
- <em>NOT</em> give people write access to the directory the logs
- are stored in without being aware of the consequences; see the
- <a href="misc/security_tips.html">security tips</a> document
- for details.</p>
-
- <p>In addition, log files may contain information supplied
- directly by the client, without escaping. Therefore, it is
- possible for malicious clients to insert control-characters in
- the log files, so care must be taken in dealing with raw
- logs.</p>
- <hr />
-
- <h2><a id="errorlog" name="errorlog">Error Log</a></h2>
-
- <table border="1">
- <tr>
- <td valign="top"><strong>Related Directives</strong><br />
- <br />
- <a href="mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a><br />
- <a href="mod/core.html#loglevel">LogLevel</a> </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
-
- <p>The server error log, whose name and location is set by the
- <a href="mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a> directive, is the
- most important log file. This is the place where Apache httpd
- will send diagnostic information and record any errors that it
- encounters in processing requests. It is the first place to
- look when a problem occurs with starting the server or with the
- operation of the server, since it will often contain details of
- what went wrong and how to fix it.</p>
-
- <p>The error log is usually written to a file (typically
- <code>error_log</code> on unix systems and
- <code>error.log</code> on Windows and OS/2). On unix systems it
- is also possible to have the server send errors to
- <code>syslog</code> or <a href="#piped">pipe them to a
- program</a>.</p>
-
- <p>The format of the error log is relatively free-form and
- descriptive. But there is certain information that is contained
- in most error log entries. For example, here is a typical
- message.</p>
-
- <blockquote>
- <code>[Wed Oct 11 14:32:52 2000] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]
- client denied by server configuration:
- /export/home/live/ap/htdocs/test</code>
- </blockquote>
-
- <p>The first item in the log entry is the date and time of the
- message. The second entry lists the severity of the error being
- reported. The <a href="mod/core.html#loglevel">LogLevel</a>
- directive is used to control the types of errors that are sent
- to the error log by restricting the severity level. The third
- entry gives the IP address of the client that generated the
- error. Beyond that is the message itself, which in this case
- indicates that the server has been configured to deny the
- client access. The server reports the file-system path (as
- opposed to the web path) of the requested document.</p>
-
- <p>A very wide variety of different messages can appear in the
- error log. Most look similar to the example above. The error
- log will also contain debugging output from CGI scripts. Any
- information written to <code>stderr</code> by a CGI script will
- be copied directly to the error log.</p>
-
- <p>It is not possible to customize the error log by adding or
- removing information. However, error log entries dealing with
- particular requests have corresponding entries in the <a
- href="#accesslog">access log</a>. For example, the above example
- entry corresponds to an access log entry with status code 403.
- Since it is possible to customize the access log, you can
- obtain more information about error conditions using that log
- file.</p>
-
- <p>During testing, it is often useful to continuously monitor
- the error log for any problems. On unix systems, you can
- accomplish this using:</p>
-
- <blockquote>
- <code>tail -f error_log</code>
- </blockquote>
- <hr />
-
- <h2><a id="accesslog" name="accesslog">Access Log</a></h2>
-
- <table border="1">
- <tr>
- <td valign="top"><strong>Related Modules</strong><br />
- <br />
- <a href="mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config</a><br />
- </td>
-
- <td valign="top"><strong>Related Directives</strong><br />
- <br />
- <a
- href="mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a><br />
- <a
- href="mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a><br />
- <a href="mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a>
- </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
-
- <p>The server access log records all requests processed by the
- server. The location and content of the access log are
- controlled by the <a
- href="mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a>
- directive. The <a
- href="mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a>
- directive can be used to simplify the selection of the contents
- of the logs. This section describes how to configure the server
- to record information in the access log.</p>
-
- <p>Of course, storing the information in the access log is only
- the start of log management. The next step is to analyze this
- information to produce useful statistics. Log analysis in
- general is beyond the scope of this document, and not really
- part of the job of the web server itself. For more information
- about this topic, and for applications which perform log
- analysis, check the <a
- href="http://dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Internet/Site_Management/Log_analysis/">
- Open Directory</a> or <a
- href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Software/Internet/World_Wide_Web/Servers/Log_Analysis_Tools/">
- Yahoo</a>.</p>
-
- <p>Various versions of Apache httpd have used other modules and
- directives to control access logging, including
- mod_log_referer, mod_log_agent, and the
- <code>TransferLog</code> directive. The <code>CustomLog</code>
- directive now subsumes the functionality of all the older
- directives.</p>
-
- <p>The format of the access log is highly configurable. The
- format is specified using a <a
- href="mod/mod_log_config.html#format">format string</a> that
- looks much like a C-style printf(1) format string. Some
- examples are presented in the next sections. For a complete
- list of the possible contents of the format string, see the <a
- href="mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config
- documentation</a>.</p>
-
- <h3><a id="common" name="common">Common Log Format</a></h3>
-
- <p>A typical configuration for the access log might look as
- follows.</p>
-
- <blockquote>
- <code>LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common<br />
- CustomLog logs/access_log common</code>
- </blockquote>
-
- <p>This defines the <em>nickname</em> <code>common</code> and
- associates it with a particular log format string. The format
- string consists of percent directives, each of which tell the
- server to log a particular piece of information. Literal
- characters may also be placed in the format string and will be
- copied directly into the log output. The quote character
- (<code>"</code>) must be escaped by placing a back-slash before
- it to prevent it from being interpreted as the end of the
- format string. The format string may also contain the special
- control characters "<code>\n</code>" for new-line and
- "<code>\t</code>" for tab.</p>
-
- <p>The <code>CustomLog</code> directive sets up a new log file
- using the defined <em>nickname</em>. The filename for the
- access log is relative to the <a
- href="mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a> unless it begins
- with a slash.</p>
-
- <p>The above configuration will write log entries in a format
- known as the Common Log Format (CLF). This standard format can
- be produced by many different web servers and read by many log
- analysis programs. The log file entries produced in CLF will
- look something like this:</p>
-
- <blockquote>
- <code>127.0.0.1 - frank [10/Oct/2000:13:55:36 -0700] "GET
- /apache_pb.gif HTTP/1.0" 200 2326</code>
- </blockquote>
-
- <p>Each part of this log entry is described below.</p>
-
- <dl>
- <dt><code>127.0.0.1</code> (<code>%h</code>)</dt>
-
- <dd>This is the IP address of the client (remote host) which
- made the request to the server. If <a
- href="mod/core.html#hostnamelookups">HostnameLookups</a> is
- set to <code>On</code>, then the server will try to determine
- the hostname and log it in place of the IP address. However,
- this configuration is not recommended since it can
- significantly slow the server. Instead, it is best to use a
- log post-processor such as <a
- href="programs/logresolve.html">logresolve</a> to determine
- the hostnames. The IP address reported here is not
- necessarily the address of the machine at which the user is
- sitting. If a proxy server exists between the user and the
- server, this address will be the address of the proxy, rather
- than the originating machine.</dd>
-
- <dt><code>-</code> (<code>%l</code>)</dt>
-
- <dd>The "hyphen" in the output indicates that the requested
- piece of information is not available. In this case, the
- information that is not available is the RFC 1413 identity of
- the client determined by <code>identd</code> on the clients
- machine. This information is highly unreliable and should
- almost never be used except on tightly controlled internal
- networks. Apache httpd will not even attempt to determine
- this information unless <a
- href="mod/core.html#identitycheck">IdentityCheck</a> is set
- to <code>On</code>.</dd>
-
- <dt><code>frank</code> (<code>%u</code>)</dt>
-
- <dd>This is the userid of the person requesting the document
- as determined by HTTP authentication. The same value is
- typically provided to CGI scripts in the
- <code>REMOTE_USER</code> environment variable. If the status
- code for the request (see below) is 401, then this value
- should not be trusted because the user is not yet
- authenticated. If the document is not password protected,
- this entry will be "<code>-</code>" just like the previous
- one.</dd>
-
- <dt><code>[10/Oct/2000:13:55:36 -0700]</code>
- (<code>%t</code>)</dt>
-
- <dd>
- The time that the server finished processing the request.
- The format is:
-
- <blockquote>
- <code>[day/month/year:hour:minute:second zone]<br />
- day = 2*digit<br />
- month = 3*letter<br />
- year = 4*digit<br />
- hour = 2*digit<br />
- minute = 2*digit<br />
- second = 2*digit<br />
- zone = (`+' | `-') 4*digit</code>
- </blockquote>
- It is possible to have the time displayed in another format
- by specifying <code>%{format}t</code> in the log format
- string, where <code>format</code> is as in
- <code>strftime(3)</code> from the C standard library.
- </dd>
-
- <dt><code>"GET /apache_pb.gif HTTP/1.0"</code>
- (<code>\"%r\"</code>)</dt>
-
- <dd>The request line from the client is given in double
- quotes. The request line contains a great deal of useful
- information. First, the method used by the client is
- <code>GET</code>. Second, the client requested the resource
- <code>/apache_pb.gif</code>, and third, the client used the
- protocol <code>HTTP/1.0</code>. It is also possible to log
- one or more parts of the request line independently. For
- example, the format string "<code>%m %U%q %H</code>" will log
- the method, path, query-string, and protocol, resulting in
- exactly the same output as "<code>%r</code>".</dd>
-
- <dt><code>200</code> (<code>%>s</code>)</dt>
-
- <dd>This is the status code that the server sends back to the
- client. This information is very valuable, because it reveals
- whether the request resulted in a successful response (codes
- beginning in 2), a redirection (codes beginning in 3), an
- error caused by the client (codes beginning in 4), or an
- error in the server (codes beginning in 5). The full list of
- possible status codes can be found in the <a
- href="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.txt">HTTP
- specification</a> (RFC2616 section 10).</dd>
-
- <dt><code>2326</code> (<code>%b</code>)</dt>
-
- <dd>The last entry indicates the size of the object returned
- to the client, not including the response headers. If no
- content was returned to the client, this value will be
- "<code>-</code>". To log "<code>0</code>" for no content, use
- <code>%B</code> instead.</dd>
- </dl>
-
- <h4><a id="combined" name="combined">Combined Log
- Format</a></h4>
-
- <p>Another commonly used format string is called the Combined
- Log Format. It can be used as follows.</p>
-
- <blockquote>
- <code>LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\"
- \"%{User-agent}i\"" combined<br />
- CustomLog log/acces_log combined</code>
- </blockquote>
-
- <p>This format is exactly the same as the Common Log Format,
- with the addition of two more fields. Each of the additional
- fields uses the percent-directive
- <code>%{<em>header</em>}i</code>, where <em>header</em> can be
- any HTTP request header. The access log under this format will
- look like:</p>
-
- <blockquote>
- <code>127.0.0.1 - frank [10/Oct/2000:13:55:36 -0700] "GET
- /apache_pb.gif HTTP/1.0" 200 2326
- "http://www.example.com/start.html" "Mozilla/4.08 [en]
- (Win98; I ;Nav)"</code>
- </blockquote>
-
- <p>The additional fields are:</p>
-
- <dl>
- <dt><code>"http://www.example.com/start.html"</code>
- (<code>\"%{Referer}i\"</code>)</dt>
-
- <dd>The "Referer" (sic) HTTP request header. This gives the
- site that the client reports having been referred from. (This
- should be the page that links to or includes
- <code>/apache_pb.gif</code>).</dd>
-
- <dt><code>"Mozilla/4.08 [en] (Win98; I ;Nav)"</code>
- (<code>\"%{User-agent}i\"</code>)</dt>
-
- <dd>The User-Agent HTTP request header. This is the
- identifying information that the client browser reports about
- itself.</dd>
- </dl>
-
- <h3><a id="multiple" name="multiple">Multiple Access
- Logs</a></h3>
-
- <p>Multiple access logs can be created simply by specifying
- multiple <code>CustomLog</code> directives in the configuration
- file. For example, the following directives will create three
- access logs. The first contains the basic CLF information,
- while the second and third contain referer and browser
- information. The last two <code>CustomLog</code> lines show how
- to mimic the effects of the <code>ReferLog</code> and
- <code>AgentLog</code> directives.</p>
-
- <blockquote>
- <code>LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common<br />
- CustomLog logs/access_log common<br />
- CustomLog logs/referer_log "%{Referer}i -> %U"<br />
- CustomLog logs/agent_log "%{User-agent}i"</code>
- </blockquote>
-
- <p>This example also shows that it is not necessary to define a
- nickname with the <code>LogFormat</code> directive. Instead,
- the log format can be specified directly in the
- <code>CustomLog</code> directive.</p>
-
- <h3><a id="conditional" name="conditional">Conditional
- Logging</a></h3>
-
- <p>There are times when it is convenient to exclude certain
- entries from the access logs based on characteristics of the
- client request. This is easily accomplished with the help of <a
- href="env.html">environment variables</a>. First, an
- environment variable must be set to indicate that the request
- meets certain conditions. This is usually accomplished with <a
- href="mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a>. Then the
- <code>env=</code> clause of the <code>CustomLog</code>
- directive is used to include or exclude requests where the
- environment variable is set. Some examples:</p>
-
- <blockquote>
- <code># Mark requests from the loop-back interface<br />
- SetEnvIf Remote_Addr "127\.0\.0\.1" dontlog<br />
- # Mark requests for the robots.txt file<br />
- SetEnvIf Request_URI "^/robots\.txt$" dontlog<br />
- # Log what remains<br />
- CustomLog logs/access_log common env=!dontlog</code>
- </blockquote>
-
- <p>As another example, consider logging requests from
- english-speakers to one log file, and non-english speakers to a
- different log file.</p>
-
- <blockquote>
- <code>SetEnvIf Accept-Language "en" english<br />
- CustomLog logs/english_log common env=english<br />
- CustomLog logs/non_english_log common env=!english</code>
- </blockquote>
-
- <p>Although we have just shown that conditional logging is very
- powerful and flexibly, it is not the only way to control the
- contents of the logs. Log files are more useful when they
- contain a complete record of server activity. It is often
- easier to simply post-process the log files to remove requests
- that you do not want to consider.</p>
- <hr />
-
- <h2><a id="rotation" name="rotation">Log Rotation</a></h2>
-
- <p>On even a moderately busy server, the quantity of
- information stored in the log files is very large. The access
- log file typically grows 1 MB or more per 10,000 requests. It
- will consequently be necessary to periodically rotate the log
- files by moving or deleting the existing logs. This cannot be
- done while the server is running, because Apache will continue
- writing to the old log file as long as it holds the file open.
- Instead, the server must be <a
- href="stopping.html">restarted</a> after the log files are
- moved or deleted so that it will open new log files.</p>
-
- <p>By using a <em>graceful</em> restart, the server can be
- instructed to open new log files without losing any existing or
- pending connections from clients. However, in order to
- accomplish this, the server must continue to write to the old
- log files while it finishes serving old requests. It is
- therefore necessary to wait for some time after the restart
- before doing any processing on the log files. A typical
- scenario that simply rotates the logs and compresses the old
- logs to save space is:</p>
-
- <blockquote>
- <code>mv access_log access_log.old<br />
- mv error_log error_log.old<br />
- apachectl graceful<br />
- sleep 600<br />
- gzip access_log.old error_log.old</code>
- </blockquote>
-
- <p>Another way to perform log rotation is using <a
- href="#piped">piped logs</a> as discussed in the next
- section.</p>
- <hr />
-
- <h2><a id="piped" name="piped">Piped Logs</a></h2>
-
- <p>Apache httpd is capable of writing error and access log
- files through a pipe to another process, rather than directly
- to a file. This capability dramatically increases the
- flexibility of logging, without adding code to the main server.
- In order to write logs to a pipe, simply replace the filename
- with the pipe character "<code>|</code>", followed by the name
- of the executable which should accept log entries on its
- standard input. Apache will start the piped-log process when
- the server starts, and will restart it if it crashes while the
- server is running. (This last feature is why we can refer to
- this technique as "reliable piped logging".)</p>
-
- <p>Piped log processes are spawned by the parent Apache httpd
- process, and inherit the userid of that process. This means
- that piped log programs usually run as root. It is therefore
- very important to keep the programs simple and secure.</p>
-
- <p>Some simple examples using piped logs:</p>
-
- <blockquote>
- <code># compressed logs<br />
- CustomLog "|/usr/bin/gzip -c >>
- /var/log/access_log.gz" common<br />
- # almost-real-time name resolution<br />
- CustomLog "|/usr/local/apache/bin/logresolve >>
- /var/log/access_log" common</code>
- </blockquote>
-
- <p>Notice that quotes are used to enclose the entire command
- that will be called for the pipe. Although these examples are
- for the access log, the same technique can be used for the
- error log.</p>
-
- <p>One important use of piped logs is to allow log rotation
- without having to restart the server. The Apache HTTP Server
- includes a simple program called <a
- href="programs/rotatelogs.html">rotatelogs</a> for this
- purpose. For example, to rotate the logs every 24 hours, you
- can use:</p>
-
- <blockquote>
- <code>CustomLog "|/usr/local/apache/bin/rotatelogs
- /var/log/access_log 86400" common</code>
- </blockquote>
-
- <p>A similar, but much more flexible log rotation program
- called <a href="http://www.cronolog.org/">cronolog</a>
- is available at an external site.</p>
-
- <p>As with conditional logging, piped logs are a very powerful
- tool, but they should not be used where a simpler solution like
- off-line post-processing is available.</p>
- <hr />
-
- <h2><a id="virtualhosts" name="virtualhosts">Virtual
- Hosts</a></h2>
-
- <p>When running a server with many <a href="vhosts/">virtual
- hosts</a>, there are several options for dealing with log
- files. First, it is possible to use logs exactly as in a
- single-host server. Simply by placing the logging directives
- outside the <code><VirtualHost></code> sections in the
- main server context, it is possible to log all requests in the
- same access log and error log. This technique does not allow
- for easy collection of statistics on individual virtual
- hosts.</p>
-
- <p>If <code>CustomLog</code> or <code>ErrorLog</code>
- directives are placed inside a <code><VirtualHost></code>
- section, all requests or errors for that virtual host will be
- logged only to the specified file. Any virtual host which does
- not have logging directives will still have its requests sent
- to the main server logs. This technique is very useful for a
- small number of virtual hosts, but if the number of hosts is
- very large, it can be complicated to manage. In addition, it
- can often create problems with <a
- href="vhosts/fd-limits.html">insufficient file
- descriptors</a>.</p>
-
- <p>For the access log, there is a very good compromise. By
- adding information on the virtual host to the log format
- string, it is possible to log all hosts to the same log, and
- later split the log into individual files. For example,
- consider the following directives.</p>
-
- <blockquote>
- <code>LogFormat "%v %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"
- comonvhost<br />
- CustomLog logs/access_log comonvhost</code>
- </blockquote>
-
- <p>The <code>%v</code> is used to log the name of the virtual
- host that is serving the request. Then a program like <a
- href="programs/other.html">split-logfile</a> can be used to
- post-process the access log in order to split it into one file
- per virtual host.</p>
-
- <p>Unfortunately, no similar technique is available for the
- error log, so you must choose between mixing all virtual hosts
- in the same error log and using one error log per virtual
- host.</p>
- <hr />
-
- <h2><a id="other" name="other">Other Log Files</a></h2>
-
- <table border="1">
- <tr>
- <td valign="top"><strong>Related Modules</strong><br />
- <br />
- <a href="mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a><br />
- <a href="mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a> </td>
-
- <td valign="top"><strong>Related Directives</strong><br />
- <br />
- <a href="mod/core.html#pidfile">PidFile</a><br />
- <a
- href="mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteLog">RewriteLog</a><br />
- <a
- href="mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteLogLevel">RewriteLogLevel</a><br />
- <a href="mod/mod_cgi.html#scriptlog">ScriptLog</a><br />
- <a
- href="mod/mod_cgi.html#scriptloglength">ScriptLogLength</a><br />
- <a
- href="mod/mod_cgi.html#scriptlogbuffer">ScriptLogBuffer</a>
- </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
-
- <h3><a id="pidfile" name="pidfile">PID File</a></h3>
-
- <p>On startup, Apache httpd saves the process id of the parent
- httpd process to the file <code>logs/httpd.pid</code>. This
- filename can be changed with the <a
- href="mod/core.html#pidfile">PidFile</a> directive. The
- process-id is for use by the administrator in restarting and
- terminating the daemon by sending signals to the parent
- process; on Windows, use the -k command line option instead.
- For more information see the <a href="stopping.html">Stopping
- and Restarting</a> page.</p>
-
- <h3><a id="scriptlog" name="scriptlog">Script Log</a></h3>
-
- <p>In order to aid in debugging, the <a
- href="mod/mod_cgi.html#scriptlog">ScriptLog</a> directive
- allows you to record the input to and output from CGI scripts.
- This should only be used in testing - not for live servers.
- More information is available in the <a
- href="mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi documentation</a>.</p>
-
- <h3><a id="rewritelog" name="rewritelog">Rewrite Log</a></h3>
-
- <p>When using the powerful and complex features of <a
- href="mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a>, it is almost
- always necessary to use the <a
- href="mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteLog">RewriteLog</a> to help
- in debugging. This log file produces a detailed analysis of how
- the rewriting engine transforms requests. The level of detail
- is controlled by the <a
- href="mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteLogLevel">RewriteLogLevel</a>
- directive.</p>
- <!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
- </body>
-</html>
-
--- /dev/null
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-2022-jp"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+ <head>
+
+ <title>Log Files - Apache HTTP Server</title>
+ </head>
+ <!-- English revision: 1.9 -->
+ <!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) -->
+
+ <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF"
+ vlink="#000080" alink="#FF0000">
+ <!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
+
+ <h1 align="center">\e$B%m%0%U%!%$%k\e(B</h1>
+
+ <p>\e$B%&%'%V%5!<%P$r8z2LE*$K4IM}$9$k$?$a$K$O!"%5!<%P$N3hF0$d%Q%U%)!<%^%s%9!"\e(B
+ \e$B:#H/@8$7$F$$$k$+$b$7$l$J$$LdBj$K4X$9$k%U%#!<%I%P%C%/$rF@$k$3$H$,I,MW$G$9!#\e(B
+ Apache HTTP \e$B%5!<%P$K$OHs>o$KJq3gE*$G=@Fp$J%m%.%s%05!G=$,$"$j$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B$3$NJ8=q$O%m%.%s%05!G=$N@_Dj$N;EJ}$H!"%m%0$K2?$,=q$+$l$F$$$k$+$r\e(B
+ \e$BM}2r$9$k$?$a$NJ}K!$r@bL@$7$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#security">\e$B%;%-%e%j%F%#$K4X$9$k7Y9p\e(B</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="#errorlog">\e$B%(%i!<%m%0\e(B</a></li>
+
+ <li>
+ <a href="#accesslog">\e$B%"%/%;%9%m%0\e(B</a>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#common">Common Log Format</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="#combined">Combined Log Format</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="#multiple">\e$BJ#?t$N%"%/%;%9%m%0\e(B</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="#conditional">\e$B>r7oIU$-%m%.%s%0\e(B</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><a href="#rotation">\e$B%m%0$N8rBX\e(B</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="#piped">\e$B%Q%$%W7PM3$N%m%0\e(B</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="#virtualhosts">\e$B%P!<%A%c%k%[%9%H\e(B</a></li>
+
+ <li>
+ <a href="#other">\e$BB>$N%m%0%U%!%$%k\e(B</a>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#pidfile">PID \e$B%U%!%$%k\e(B</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="#scriptlog">\e$B%9%/%j%W%H%m%0\e(B</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="#rewritelog">\e$B%j%i%$%H%m%0\e(B</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ <hr />
+
+ <h2><a id="security" name="security">\e$B%;%-%e%j%F%#$K4X$9$k7Y9p\e(B</a></h2>
+
+ <p>Apache \e$B$,%m%0%U%!%$%k$r=q$$$F$$$k%G%#%l%/%H%j$K=q$-9~$a$k?M$O!"\e(B
+ \e$B$[$\3N<B$K%5!<%P$,5/F0$5$l$?\e(B uid \e$B$X$N%"%/%;%9$r<j$KF~$l$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B$=$7$F!"$=$l$ODL>o$O\e(B root \e$B%f!<%6$G$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B$A$c$s$H7k2L$r9M$($k$3$H$J$/!"$=$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$X$N\e(B
+ \e$B=q$-9~$_8"8B$rM?$(\e(B<em>\e$B$J$$\e(B</em>\e$B$G$/$@$5$$!#>\$7$/$O\e(B
+ <a href="misc/security_tips.html">\e$B%;%-%e%j%F%#$N$3$D\e(B</a>\e$B$NJ8=q$r\e(B
+ \e$BFI$s$G$/$@$5$$!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>\e$B2C$($F!"%m%0%U%!%$%k$K$O%/%i%$%"%s%H$+$i$N>pJs$,$=$N$^$^!"\e(B
+ \e$B%(%9%1!<%W$5$l$k$3$H$J$/=q$+$l$F$$$^$9!#$G$9$+$i!"0-0U$N$"$k\e(B
+ \e$B%/%i%$%"%s%H$,%m%0%U%!%$%k$K@)8fJ8;z$rA^F~$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B@8$N%m%0$r07$&$H$-$OCm0U$7$F$/$@$5$$!#\e(B</p>
+ <hr />
+
+ <h2><a id="errorlog" name="errorlog">\e$B%(%i!<%m%0\e(B</a></h2>
+
+ <table border="1">
+ <tr>
+ <td valign="top"><strong>\e$B4XO"%G%#%l%/%F%#%V\e(B</strong><br />
+ <br />
+ <a href="mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a><br />
+ <a href="mod/core.html#loglevel">LogLevel</a> </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+ <p><a href="mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a> \e$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$K$h$j\e(B
+ \e$BL>A0$H>l=j$,7h$^$k%5!<%P$N%(%i!<%m%0$O!"0lHV=EMW$J%m%0%U%!%$%k$G$9!#\e(B
+ Apache \e$B$N?GCG>pJs$O$3$3$KAw$i$l!"%j%/%(%9%H$r=hM}$7$F$$$k$H$-$K\e(B
+ \e$BH/@8$7$?%(%i!<$O$9$Y$F$3$3$K5-O?$5$l$^$9!#%5!<%P$r5/F0$7$?$H$-$d!"\e(B
+ \e$B%5!<%P$NF0:n$KLdBj$,5/$3$C$?$H$-$O!"0lHV:G=i$KD4$Y$k$Y$-\e(B
+ \e$B$H$3$m$G$9!#4V0c$$$N>\:Y$d=$@5J}K!$,$=$3$K=q$+$l$F$$$k$3$H$,\e(B
+ \e$B$h$/$"$j$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>\e$B%(%i!<%m%0$OIaDL$O%U%!%$%k$K=q$+$l$^$9\e(B (\e$BDL>o\e(B unix \e$B%7%9%F%`$G$O\e(B
+ <code>error_log</code>\e$B!"\e(BWindows \e$B$H\e(B OS/2 \e$B$G$O\e(B <code>error.log</code>)\e$B!#\e(B
+ Unix \e$B%7%9%F%`$G$O%(%i!<$r\e(B <code>syslog</code> \e$B$d\e(B
+ <a href="#piped">\e$B%Q%$%W$G%W%m%0%i%`$KAw$k\e(B</a> \e$B$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>\e$B%(%i!<%m%0$N=q<0$OHf3SE*<+M3EY$N9b$$$b$N$G!"@bL@E*$K=q$+$l$F$$$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B$?$@$7!"$$$/$D$+$N>pJs$O$[$H$s$I$N%(%i!<%m%0$N%(%s%H%j$K$"$j$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$BNc$($P!"BeI=E*$J$b$N$K<!$N$h$&$J%a%C%;!<%8$,$"$j$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <code>[Wed Oct 11 14:32:52 2000] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]
+ client denied by server configuration:
+ /export/home/live/ap/htdocs/test</code>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <p>\e$B%m%0%(%s%H%j$N:G=i$N9`L\$O%a%C%;!<%8$NF|IU$H;~9o$G$9!#\e(B
+ \e$BFs$D$a$N9`L\$OJs9p$5$l$F$$$k%(%i!<$N=EMWEY$G$9!#\e(B
+ <a href="mod/core.html#loglevel">LogLevel</a> \e$B$G=EMWEY$N%l%Y%k$r\e(B
+ \e$B@)8B$9$k$3$H$K$h$j%(%i!<%m%0$KAw$i$l$k%(%i!<$N<oN`$r@)8f$9$k$3$H$,\e(B
+ \e$B$G$-$^$9!#;0$DL\$N9`L\$O%(%i!<$rH/@8$5$;$?%/%i%$%"%s%H$N\e(B IP \e$B%"%I%l%9\e(B
+ \e$B$G$9!#;D$j$O%a%C%;!<%8$G!"$3$N>l9g$O%5!<%P$,%/%i%$%"%s%H$N%"%/%;%9$r\e(B
+ \e$B5qH]$9$k$h$&$K@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k!"$H$$$&$3$H$r<($7$F$$$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B%5!<%P$O%j%/%(%9%H$5$l$?J8=q$N\e(B (\e$B%&%'%V$N%Q%9$G$O$J$/\e(B) \e$B%U%!%$%k%7%9%F%`$N\e(B
+ \e$B%Q%9$rJs9p$7$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>\e$BHs>o$K9-HO0O$N%a%C%;!<%8$,%(%i!<%m%0$K8=$l$^$9!#$?$$$F$$$N$b$N$O\e(B
+ \e$B>e$NNc$N$h$&$J46$8$G$9!#%(%i!<%m%0$K$O\e(B CGI \e$B%9%/%j%W%H$N%G%P%C%0\e(B
+ \e$B=PNO$b=q$+$l$^$9!#\e(BCGI \e$B%9%/%j%W%H$,\e(B <code>stderr</code> \e$B$K=q$$$?\e(B
+ \e$B$9$Y$F$N>pJs$OD>@\%(%i!<%m%0$K%3%T!<$5$l$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>\e$B>pJs$rDI2C$7$?$j:o=|$7$?$j$7$F%(%i!<%m%0$r%+%9%?%^%$%:$9$k$3$H$O\e(B
+ \e$B$G$-$^$;$s!#$7$+$7!"%j%/%(%9%H$KBP$9$k%(%i!<%m%0$N%(%s%H%j$O!"\e(B
+
\e$BBP1~$9$k%(%s%H%j$,
\e(B<a href="#accesslog">
\e$B%"%/%;%9%m%0
\e(B</a>
\e$B$K$"$j$^$9!#
\e(B
+ \e$BNc$($P!">e$NNc$N%(%s%H%j$O%"%/%;%9%m%0$N%9%F!<%?%9%3!<%I\e(B 403 \e$B$N\e(B
+ \e$B%(%s%H%j$KBP1~$7$^$9!#%"%/%;%9%m%0$O%+%9%?%^%$%:2DG=$G$9$N$G!"\e(B
+ \e$B$=$A$i$r;H$&$3$H$K$h$j%(%i!<$N>u67$K4X$9$k>pJs$r$h$jB?$/\e(B
+ \e$B<j$KF~$l$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>\e$B%F%9%H$N:GCf$O!"LdBj$,H/@8$7$F$$$k$+$I$&$+$r8+$k$?$a$K!"\e(B
+ \e$B>o$K%(%i!<%m%0$r4F;k$9$k$N$,Lr$KN)$D>l9g$,$h$/$"$j$^$9!#\e(B
+ Unix \e$B%7%9%F%`$G$O!"<!$N$b$N$r;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <code>tail -f error_log</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ <hr />
+
+ <h2><a id="accesslog" name="accesslog">\e$B%"%/%;%9%m%0\e(B</a></h2>
+
+ <table border="1">
+ <tr>
+ <td valign="top"><strong>\e$B4XO"%b%8%e!<%k\e(B</strong><br />
+ <br />
+ <a href="mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config</a><br />
+ </td>
+
+ <td valign="top"><strong>\e$B4XO"%G%#%l%/%F%#%V\e(B</strong><br />
+ <br />
+ <a
+ href="mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a><br />
+ <a
+ href="mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a><br />
+ <a href="mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+ <p>\e$B%5!<%P%"%/%;%9%m%0$O%5!<%P$,=hM}$r$7$?$9$Y$F$N%j%/%(%9%H$r\e(B
+
\e$B5-O?$7$^$9!#%"%/%;%9%m%0$N>l=j$HFbMF$O
\e(B <a
+ href="mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a>
+ \e$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$K$h$j7h$^$j$^$9!#%m%0$NFbMF$NA*Br$r4J7i$K$9$k$?$a$K\e(B
+ <a href="mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a>
+ \e$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$r;HMQ$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#$3$N%;%/%7%g%s$O%"%/%;%9%m%0$K\e(B
+ \e$B>pJs$r5-O?$9$k$?$a$N%5!<%P$N@_DjJ}K!$r@bL@$7$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>\e$B$b$A$m$s!"%"%/%;%9%m%0$K>pJs$rC_@Q$9$k$3$H$O%m%04IM}$N\e(B
+ \e$B;O$^$j$K2a$.$^$;$s!#<!$NCJ3,$OM-MQ$JE}7W$r<h$k$?$a$K$3$N>pJs$r\e(B
+ \e$B2r@O$9$k$3$H$G$9!#0lHLE*$J%m%02r@O$O$3$NJ8=q$NHO0O30$G!"\e(B
+ \e$B%&%'%V%5!<%P<+?H$N;E;v$H$$$&$o$1$G$b$"$j$^$;$s!#$3$NOC$d!"\e(B
+
\e$B%m%02r@O$r9T$J$&%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s$N>pJs$rF@$k$K$O!"
\e(B<a
+ href="http://dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Internet/Site_Management/Log_analysis/">
+ Open Directory</a>
\e$B$d
\e(B <a
+ href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Software/Internet/World_Wide_Web/Servers/Log_Analysis_Tools/">
+ Yahoo</a> \e$B$rD4$Y$F$/$@$5$$!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>\e$B$$$m$s$J%P!<%8%g%s$N\e(B Apache httpd \e$B$,\e(B mod_log_config,
+ mod_log_agent, <code>TransferLog</code> \e$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$H$$$C$?!"\e(B
+ \e$BB>$N%b%8%e!<%k$d%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$r;H$C$F%"%/%;%9$N%m%.%s%0$r\e(B
+ \e$B@)8f$7$F$-$^$7$?!#:#$G$O!"\e(B<code>CustomLog</code> \e$B$,$9$Y$F$N8E$$\e(B
+ \e$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$N5!G=$r4^$`$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>\e$B%"%/%;%9%m%0$N=q<0$OHs>o$K=@Fp$J@_Dj$,2DG=$G$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B=q<0$O\e(B C \e$B$N\e(B printf(1) \e$B%U%)!<%^%C%HJ8;zNs$KHs>o$K;w$?\e(B
+ <a href="mod/mod_log_config.html#format">\e$B%U%)!<%^%C%HJ8;zNs\e(B</a>
+ \e$B$K$h$j;XDj$5$l$^$9!#$$$/$D$+<!$N@a$GNc$r<($7$^$9!#\e(B
+
\e$B%U%)!<%^%C%HJ8;zNs$K;HMQ$G$-$kFbMF$N0lMw$O
\e(B <a
+ href="mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config \e$B$NJ8=q\e(B</a>
+ \e$B$r8+$F$/$@$5$$!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <h3><a id="common" name="common">Common Log Format</a></h3>
+
+ <p>\e$B%"%/%;%9%m%0$N$h$/$"$k@_Dj$K0J2<$N$b$N$,$"$j$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <code>LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common<br />
+ CustomLog logs/access_log common</code>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <p>\e$B$3$l$O!"\e(B<em>\e$B%K%C%/%M!<%`\e(B</em> <code>common</code> \e$B$rDj5A$7!"\e(B
+ \e$B%m%0$N%U%)!<%^%C%HJ8;zNs$N0l$D$H4XO"IU$1$^$9!#%U%)!<%^%C%HJ8;zNs$O\e(B
+ \e$B%Q!<%;%s%H%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$+$i$J$j!"$=$l$>$l$N%Q!<%;%s%H%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$O\e(B
+ \e$B%5!<%P$K$I$N>pJs$r%m%.%s%0$9$k$+$r;X<($7$^$9!#%U%)!<%^%C%HJ8;zNs$K\e(B
+ \e$BJ8;z$r$=$N$^$^F~$l$k$3$H$b$G$-!"$=$l$i$O%m%0$N=PNO$KD>@\%3%T!<$5$l$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B$=$3$K0zMQJ8;z\e(B (<code>"</code>) \e$B$r=q$/$H$-$O!"\e(B
+
\e$B%U%)!<%^%C%HJ8;zNs$N:G8e$H$7$F2r<a
\e(B
+ \e$B$5$l$k$3$H$rKI$0$?$a$K%P%C%/%9%i%C%7%e$G%(%9%1!<%W$9$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B%U%)!<%^%C%HJ8;zNs$K$O2~9TMQ$N\e(B "<code>\n</code>"\e$B!"%?%VMQ$N\e(B
+ "<code>\t</code>" \e$B$H$$$&FCJL$J@)8fJ8;z$b4^$a$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p><code>CustomLog</code> \e$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$O4{$KDj5A$5$l$?\e(B
+ <em>\e$B%K%C%/%M!<%`\e(B</em> \e$B$r;H$C$F?7$7$$%m%0%U%!%$%k$r@_Dj$7$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B%"%/%;%9%m%0$N%U%!%$%kL>$O%9%i%C%7%e$G;O$^$i$J$$8B$j!"\e(B
+ <a href="mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a> \e$B$+$i$NAjBP%Q%9$H$7$F\e(B
+ \e$B07$o$l$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>\e$B>e$N@_Dj$O\e(B Common Log Format (CLF) \e$B$H8F$P$l$k7A<0$G\e(B
+ \e$B%m%0%(%s%H%j$r=q$-$^$9!#$3$NI8=`$N7A<0$O0[$J$k%&%'%V%5!<%P$NB?$/$,\e(B
+ \e$B@8@.$9$k$3$H$,$G$-!"B?$/$N%m%02r@O%W%m%0%i%`$,FI$_$3$`$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B
+ CLF \e$B$K$h$j@8@.$5$l$?%m%0%U%!%$%k$N%(%s%H%j$O0J2<$N$h$&$K$J$j$^$9\e(B:</p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <code>127.0.0.1 - frank [10/Oct/2000:13:55:36 -0700] "GET
+ /apache_pb.gif HTTP/1.0" 200 2326</code>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <p>\e$B$3$N%m%0%(%s%H%j$N$=$l$>$l$NItJ,$N0UL#$O0J2<$G@bL@$7$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt><code>127.0.0.1</code> (<code>%h</code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>\e$B$3$l$O%5!<%P$X%j%/%(%9%H$r$7$?%/%i%$%"%s%H\e(B (\e$B%j%b!<%H%[%9%H\e(B)
+
\e$B$N
\e(B IP
\e$B%"%I%l%9$G$9!#
\e(B<a
+ href="mod/core.html#hostnamelookups">HostnameLookups</a> \e$B$,\e(B
+ <code>On</code> \e$B$N>l9g$O!"%5!<%P$O%[%9%HL>$rD4$Y$F!"\e(B
+ IP \e$B%"%I%l%9$,=q$+$l$F$$$k$H$3$m$K5-O?$7$^$9!#$7$+$7!"$3$N@_Dj$O\e(B
+ \e$B%5!<%P$r$+$J$jCY$/$9$k$N$G!"$"$^$j$*4+$a$G$-$^$;$s!#\e(B
+
\e$B$=$&$G$O$J$/!"
\e(B<a href="programs/logresolve.html">logresolve</a>
\e$B$N
\e(B
+ \e$B$h$&$J%m%0$N8e=hM}$r9T$J$&%W%m%0%i%`$G%[%9%HL>$rD4$Y$k$N$,NI$$$G$7$g$&!#\e(B
+ \e$B$3$3$KJs9p$5$l$k\e(B IP \e$B%"%I%l%9$OI,$:$7$b%f!<%6$,;H$C$F$$$k%^%7%s$N\e(B
+ \e$B$b$N$G$"$k$H$O8B$j$^$;$s!#%f!<%6$H%5!<%P$N4V$K%W%m%-%7%5!<%P$,\e(B
+ \e$B$"$l$P!"$3$N%"%I%l%9$O85$N%^%7%s$N$b$N$G$O$J$/!"%W%m%-%7$N\e(B
+ \e$B%"%I%l%9$K$J$j$^$9!#\e(B</dd>
+
+ <dt><code>-</code> (<code>%l</code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>\e$B=PNOCf$N!V%O%$%U%s!W$OMW5a$5$l$?>pJs$,<j$KF~$i$J$+$C$?$H$$$&$3$H$r\e(B
+ \e$B0UL#$7$^$9!#$3$N>l9g!"<hF@$G$-$J$+$C$?>pJs$O%/%i%$%"%s%H$N%^%7%s$N\e(B
+ <code>identd</code> \e$B$K$h$j7h$^$k\e(B RFC 1413 \e$B$N%/%i%$%"%s%H$N\e(B
+ \e$B%"%$%G%s%F%#%F%#$G$9!#$3$N>pJs$O$"$^$j?.MQ$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$:!"\e(B
+ \e$B$7$C$+$j$H4IM}$5$l$?FbIt%M%C%H%o!<%/$r=|$$$F$O;H$&$Y$-$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#\e(B
+ href="mod/core.html#identitycheck">IdentityCheck</a> \e$B$,\e(B
+ <code>On</code> \e$B$K$J$C$F$$$J$$8B$j!"$3$N>pJs$rF@$h$&$H$9$i$7$^$;$s!#\e(B</dd>
+
+ <dt><code>frank</code> (<code>%u</code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>\e$B$3$l$O\e(B HTTP \e$BG'>Z$K$h$k!"%I%-%e%a%s%H$r%j%/%(%9%H$7$??M$N\e(B
+ \e$B%f!<%6\e(B ID \e$B$G$9!#\e(BCGI \e$B%9%/%j%W%H$K$ODL>oF1$8CM$,\e(B <code>REMOTE_USER</code>
+ \e$B4D6-JQ?t$H$7$FM?$($i$l$^$9!#%j%/%(%9%H$N%9%F!<%?%9%3!<%I\e(B
+ (\e$B0J2<$r;2>H\e(B) \e$B$,\e(B 401 \e$B$G$"$C$?>l9g$O!"%f!<%6$OG'>Z$K<:GT$7$F$$$k$N$G!"\e(B
+ \e$B$3$NCM$O?.MQ$G$-$^$;$s!#%I%-%e%a%s%H$,%Q%9%o!<%I$GJ]8n$5$l$F$$$J$$\e(B
+ \e$B>l9g$O!"$3$N%(%s%H%j$OA0$N$b$N$HF1$8$h$&$K\e(B "<code>-</code>" \e$B$K\e(B
+ \e$B$J$j$^$9!#\e(B</dd>
+
+ <dt><code>[10/Oct/2000:13:55:36 -0700]</code>
+ (<code>%t</code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ \e$B%5!<%P$,%j%/%(%9%H$N=hM}$r=*$($?;~9o$G$9!#=q<0$O\e(B:
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <code>[day/month/year:hour:minute:second zone]<br />
+ day = 2*digit<br />
+ month = 3*letter<br />
+ year = 4*digit<br />
+ hour = 2*digit<br />
+ minute = 2*digit<br />
+ second = 2*digit<br />
+ zone = (`+' | `-') 4*digit</code>
+ </blockquote>
+ \e$B%m%0$N%U%)!<%^%C%HJ8;zNs$K\e(B <code>%{format}t</code> \e$B$r\e(B
+ \e$B;XDj$9$k$3$H$G!"JL$N7A<0$G;~9o$rI=<($5$;$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B$3$N$H$-!"\e(B<code>format</code> \e$B$O\e(B C \e$B$NI8=`%i%$%V%i%j$N\e(B
+ <code>strftime(3)</code> \e$B$N7A<0$K$J$j$^$9!#\e(B
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><code>"GET /apache_pb.gif HTTP/1.0"</code>
+ (<code>\"%r\"</code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>\e$B%/%i%$%"%s%H$+$i$N%j%/%(%9%H$,Fs=E0zMQId$NCf$K<($5$l$F$$$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B%j%/%(%9%H$K$OB?$/$NM-MQ$J>pJs$,$"$j$^$9!#$^$:!"$3$N>l9g%/%i%$%"%s%H$,\e(B
+ \e$B;H$C$?%a%=%C%I$O\e(B <code>GET</code> \e$B$G$9!#<!$K!"%/%i%$%"%s%H$O\e(B
+ \e$B%j%=!<%9\e(B <code>/apache_pb.gif</code> \e$B$rMW5a$7$^$7$?!#$=$7$F!"\e(B
+ \e$B%/%i%$%"%s%H$O%W%m%H%3%k\e(B <code>HTTP/1.0</code> \e$B$r;HMQ$7$^$7$?!#\e(B
+ \e$B%j%/%(%9%H$N3FItJ,$rFHN)$K%m%0<}=8$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#Nc$($P!"\e(B
+ \e$B%U%)!<%^%C%HJ8;zNs\e(B "<code>%m %U%q %H</code>" \e$B$O\e(B
+ \e$B%a%=%C%I!"%Q%9!"%/%(%jJ8;zNs!"%W%m%H%3%k$r%m%0<}=8$7!"\e(B
+ \e$B7k6I\e(B "<code>%r</code>" \e$B$H$^$C$?$/F1$8=PNO$K$J$j$^$9!#\e(B</dd>
+
+ <dt><code>200</code> (<code>%>s</code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>\e$B%5!<%P$,%/%i%$%"%s%H$KAw$jJV$9%9%F!<%?%9%3!<%I$G$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B$3$N>pJs$O!"%j%/%(%9%H$,@.8y1~Ez\e(B (2 \e$B$G;O$^$k%3!<%I\e(B) \e$B$G$"$C$?$+!"\e(B
+ \e$B%j%@%$%l%/%7%g%s\e(B (3 \e$B$G;O$^$k%3!<%I\e(B) \e$B$G$"$C$?$+!"%/%i%$%"%s%H$K$h$k\e(B
+ \e$B%(%i!<\e(B (4 \e$B$G;O$^$k%3!<%I\e(B) \e$B$G$"$C$?$+!"%5!<%P$N%(%i!<\e(B (5 \e$B$G;O$^$k%3!<%I\e(B)
+ \e$B$G$"$C$?$+!"$r8=$9$N$G!"Hs>o$KBg@Z$G$9!#%9%F!<%?%9%3!<%I$N\e(B
+
\e$B40A4$J%j%9%H$O
\e(B <a
+ href="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.txt">HTTP
+ \e$B5,3J\e(B</a> (RFC2616 \e$BBh\e(B 10 \e$B@a\e(B) \e$B$K$"$j$^$9!#\e(B</dd>
+
+ <dt><code>2326</code> (<code>%b</code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>\e$B$3$N:G8e$N%(%s%H%j$O%/%i%$%"%s%H$KAw?.$5$l$?%*%V%8%'%/%H$N!"\e(B
+ \e$B1~Ez%X%C%@$r=|$$$?%5%$%:$r8=$7$^$9!#%3%s%F%s%H$,%/%i%$%"%s%H$KAw$i$l$J$+$C$?\e(B
+ \e$B>l9g$O!"$3$NCM$O\e(B "<code>-</code>" \e$B$K$J$j$^$9!#%3%s%F%s%H$,L5$$>l9g$K\e(B
+ "<code>0</code>" \e$B$r%m%0<}=8$9$k$K$O!"\e(B<code>%b</code> \e$B$G$O$J$/\e(B
+ <code>%B</code> \e$B$r;H$C$F$/$@$5$$!#\e(B</dd>
+
+ </dl>
+
+ <h4><a id="combined" name="combined">Combined Log
+ Format</a></h4>
+
+ <p>\e$B$b$&0l$D$N$h$/;H$o$l$k=q<0$O\e(B Combined Log Format \e$B$H8F$P$l$F$$$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B0J2<$N$h$&$K$7$F;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <code>LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\"
+ \"%{User-agent}i\"" combined<br />
+ CustomLog log/acces_log combined</code>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <p>\e$B$3$N=q<0$N:G=i$NJ}$O\e(B Common Log Format \e$B$H$^$C$?$/F1$8$G!":G8e$K\e(B
+ \e$BFs$DDI2C$N%(%s%H%j$,$"$j$^$9!#DI2C$N%(%s%H%j$O%Q!<%;%s%H%G%#%l%/%F%#%V\e(B
+ <code>%{<em>header</em>}i</code> \e$B$r;H$C$F$$$^$9!#$3$3$G\e(B
+ <em>header</em> \e$B$O\e(B HTTP \e$B$N%j%/%(%9%H%X%C%@$N$I$l$+$G$9!#$3$N=q<0$K$h$k\e(B
+ \e$B%"%/%;%9%m%0$O0J2<$N$h$&$J46$8$K$J$j$^$9\e(B:</p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <code>127.0.0.1 - frank [10/Oct/2000:13:55:36 -0700] "GET
+ /apache_pb.gif HTTP/1.0" 200 2326
+ "http://www.example.com/start.html" "Mozilla/4.08 [en]
+ (Win98; I ;Nav)"</code>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <p>\e$BDI2C$N%(%s%H%j$O\e(B:</p>
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt><code>"http://www.example.com/start.html"</code>
+ (<code>\"%{Referer}i\"</code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>"Referer" (\e$B0U?^E*$JDV$j4V0c$$\e(B) HTTP \e$B%j%/%(%9%H%X%C%@$G$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B$3$l$O%/%i%$%"%s%H$,Js9p$7$F$/$k;2>H85$N%5%$%H$rI=$7$^$9!#\e(B
+ (\e$B$3$N>l9g$O!"\e(B<code>/apache_pb.gif</code> \e$B$K%j%s%/$7$F$$$k$+!"\e(B
+ \e$B$=$l$r4^$s$G$$$k%Z!<%8$G$9\e(B)\e$B!#\e(B</dd>
+
+ <dt><code>"Mozilla/4.08 [en] (Win98; I ;Nav)"</code>
+ (<code>\"%{User-agent}i\"</code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>User-Agent HTTP \e$B%j%/%(%9%H%X%C%@$G$9!#$3$l$O%/%i%$%"%s%H$N%V%i%&%6$,\e(B
+ \e$B<+J,<+?H$N$3$H$rJs9p$7$F$/$k>pJs$G$9!#\e(B</dd>
+ </dl>
+
+ <h3><a id="multiple" name="multiple">\e$BJ#?t$N%"%/%;%9%m%0\e(B</a></h3>
+
+ <p>\e$BJ#?t$N%"%/%;%9%m%0$OC1$K@_Dj%U%!%$%k$KJ#?t$N\e(B <code>CustomLog</code>
+ \e$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$r=q$/$3$H$G:n@.$5$l$^$9!#Nc$($P!"0J2<$N%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$O\e(B
+ \e$B;0$D$N%"%/%;%9%m%0$r:n$j$^$9!#:G=i$N$b$N$O4pK\E*$J\e(B CLF \e$B$N>pJs$G!"\e(B
+ \e$BFs$DL\$H;0$DL\$O\e(B referer \e$B$H%V%i%&%6$N>pJs$G$9!#:G8eFs$D$N\e(B
+ <code>CustomLog</code> \e$B$O\e(B <code>ReferLog</code> \e$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$H\e(B
+ <code>AgentLog</code> \e$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$N8z2L$r$^$M$kJ}K!$r<($7$F$$$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <code>LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common<br />
+ CustomLog logs/access_log common<br />
+ CustomLog logs/referer_log "%{Referer}i -> %U"<br />
+ CustomLog logs/agent_log "%{User-agent}i"</code>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <p>\e$B$3$NNc$O\e(B <code>LogFormat</code> \e$B$G%K%C%/%M!<%`$rDj5A$9$kI,MW$,$J$$!"\e(B
+ \e$B$H$$$&$3$H$b<($7$F$$$^$9!#%K%C%/%M!<%`$NBe$o$j$K!"\e(B
+ <code>CustomLog</code> \e$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$K\e(B
+ \e$BD>@\%m%0$N=q<0$r;XDj$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <h3><a id="conditional" name="conditional">\e$B>r7oIU$-%m%.%s%0\e(B</a></h3>
+
+ <p>\e$B%/%i%$%"%s%H$N%j%/%(%9%H$NFCD'$K4p$E$$$F%"%/%;%9%m%0$K%(%s%H%j$N\e(B
+
\e$B0lIt$r%m%.%s%0$7$J$$J}$,JXMx$J$3$H$,$"$j$^$9!#$3$l$O
\e(B <a
+ href="env.html">\e$B4D6-JQ?t\e(B</a> \e$B$NJd=u$K$h$j4JC1$K<B8=$G$-$^$9!#$^$:!"\e(B
+ \e$B%j%/%(%9%H$,2?$i$+$N>r7o$K9g$&$H$$$&$3$H$r8=$9$?$a$K4D6-JQ?t$,\e(B
+
\e$B@_Dj$5$l$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#$3$l$ODL>o$O
\e(B <a
+ href="mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a> \e$B$K$h$j\e(B
+ \e$B9T$J$o$l$^$9!#$=$7$F!"\e(B<code>CustomLog</code> \e$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$N\e(B
+ <code>env=</code> \e$B@a$r;H$C$F4D6-JQ?t$,@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k%j%/%(%9%H$r\e(B
+ \e$B4^$a$?$jGS=|$7$?$j$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#$$$/$D$+Nc$r5s$2$^$9\e(B:</p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <code># Mark requests from the loop-back interface<br />
+ SetEnvIf Remote_Addr "127\.0\.0\.1" dontlog<br />
+ # Mark requests for the robots.txt file<br />
+ SetEnvIf Request_URI "^/robots\.txt$" dontlog<br />
+ # Log what remains<br />
+ CustomLog logs/access_log common env=!dontlog</code>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <p>\e$BB>$NNc$H$7$F!"1Q8l$rOC$9?M$+$i$N%j%/%(%9%H$H$=$l0J30$N?M$+$i$N%j%/%(%9%H$r\e(B
+ \e$BJ,$1$?$$!"$H$$$&>l9g$r9M$($F$_$F$/$@$5$$!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <code>SetEnvIf Accept-Language "en" english<br />
+ CustomLog logs/english_log common env=english<br />
+ CustomLog logs/non_english_log common env=!english</code>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <p>\e$B$3$3$^$G$G$O>r7oIU$-%m%.%s%0$,Hs>o$K6/NO$G=@Fp$G$"$k$3$H$r<($7$F$-$^$7$?$,!"\e(B
+ \e$B$=$l$,%m%0$NFbMF$r@)8f$9$kM#0l$NJ}K!$H$$$&$o$1$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#%m%0%U%!%$%k$O\e(B
+ \e$B%5!<%P$N3hF0$N40A4$J5-O?$G$"$kJ}$,$h$jLr$KN)$A$^$9!#C1=c$K%m%0%U%!%$%k$r\e(B
+ \e$B8e=hM}$7$F!"9MN8$7$?$/$J$$%m%0$r:o=|$9$kJ}$,4JC1$G$"$k$3$H$,$h$/$"$j$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <hr />
+
+ <h2><a id="rotation" name="rotation">\e$B%m%0$N8rBX\e(B</a></h2>
+
+ <p>\e$BIaDL$NIi2Y$N%5!<%P$G$5$(!"%m%0%U%!%$%k$KJ]B8$5$l$k>pJs$NNL$O\e(B
+ \e$BKDBg$K$J$j$^$9!#%"%/%;%9%m%0$N%U%!%$%k$OIaDL\e(B 10,000 \e$B%j%/%(%9%HKh$K\e(B
+ 1 MB \e$B0J>eA}$($^$9!#$G$9$+$i!"4{B8$N%m%0$r0\F0$7$?$j!":o=|$7$?$j$7$F!"\e(B
+ \e$BDj4|E*$K%m%0$r8rBX$5$;$k$3$H$,I,MW$K$J$j$^$9!#$3$l$O%5!<%P$N<B9TCf$K$O\e(B
+ \e$B9T$J$($^$;$s!#$H$$$&$N$O!"\e(BApache \e$B$O%U%!%$%k$,\e(B open \e$B$5$l$F$$$k4V$O\e(B
+ \e$B$:$C$H8E$$%m%0%U%!%$%k$K=q$-B3$1$k$+$i$G$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B?7$7$$%m%0%U%!%$%k$r\e(B open \e$B$G$-$k$h$&$K!"%m%0%U%!%$%k$,0\F0$5$l$?$j\e(B
+
\e$B:o=|$5$l$?8e$K!"%5!<%P$r
\e(B<a href="stopping.html">
\e$B:F5/F0
\e(B</a>
\e$B$9$k
\e(B
+ \e$BI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p><em>\e$BM%2m$J\e(B</em> \e$B:F5/F0$r9T$J$&$3$H$G!"%5!<%P$O4{B8$N%3%M%/%7%g%s$d\e(B
+ \e$B=hM}BT$A$N%3%M%/%7%g%s$r<:$&$3$H$J$/?7$7$$%m%0%U%!%$%k$r\e(B open \e$B$5$;$k\e(B
+ \e$B$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#$7$+$7!"$3$l$r<B8=$9$k$?$a$K!"%5!<%P$O8E$$%j%/%(%9%H$r\e(B
+ \e$B07$C$F$$$k4V$O8E$$%m%0%U%!%$%k$K=q$-B3$1$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B$G$9$+$i!":F5/F0$N8e$G$O%m%0%U%!%$%k$N=hM}$r;O$a$kA0$K!"$7$P$i$/BT$?$J$1$l$P\e(B
+ \e$B$J$j$^$;$s!#C1$K%m%0$r8rBX$5$;$F!"%G%#%9%/$N@aLs$N$?$a$K8E$$%m%0$r\e(B
+ \e$B05=L$9$kIaDL$N%7%J%j%*$O\e(B:</p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <code>mv access_log access_log.old<br />
+ mv error_log error_log.old<br />
+ apachectl graceful<br />
+ sleep 600<br />
+ gzip access_log.old error_log.old</code>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <p>
\e$B%m%0$N8rBX$r$9$k$b$&0l$D$NJ}K!$O
\e(B<a
+ href="#piped">\e$B%Q%$%W7PM3$N%m%0\e(B</a>\e$B$r;H$&$b$N$G!"<!$N@a$G@bL@$5$l$F$$$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+ <hr />
+
+ <h2><a id="piped" name="piped">\e$B%Q%$%W7PM3$N%m%0\e(B</a></h2>
+
+ <p>Apache httpd \e$B$O%(%i!<%m%0$H%"%/%;%9%m%0$r%U%!%$%k$KD>@\=q$/Be$o$j$K!"\e(B
+ \e$B%Q%$%W$rDL$7$FJL$N%W%m%0%i%`$K=q$-=P$9$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B$3$N5!G=$K$h$j!"<g%5!<%P$K%3!<%I$rDI2C$9$k$3$H$J$/\e(B
+ \e$B%m%.%s%0$N=@Fp@-$,Hs>o$K9b$^$C$F$$$^$9!#%Q%$%W$K%m%0$r=q$/$?$a$K$O!"\e(B
+ \e$BC1$K%U%!%$%kL>$r%Q%$%WJ8;z\e(B "<code>|</code>" \e$B$KCV$-49$(!"$=$NB3$-$K\e(B
+ \e$BI8=`F~NO$+$i%m%0$N%(%s%H%j$r<u$1$H$k<B9T%W%m%0%i%`$NL>A0$r=q$/$@$1$G$9!#\e(B
+ Apache \e$B$O%Q%$%W7PM3$N%m%0MQ$N%W%m%;%9$r%5!<%P$N5/F0;~$K<B9T$7!"\e(B
+ \e$B%5!<%P$N<B9TCf$K$=$N%W%m%0%i%`$,%/%i%C%7%e$7$?$H$-$O$=$l$r:F$S\e(B
+ \e$B<B9T$7$^$9!#\e(B(\e$B$3$N:G8e$N5!G=$,$3$N5;=Q$,!V?.Mj@-$N$"$k%Q%$%W7PM3$N%m%.%s%0!W\e(B
+ \e$B$H8F$P$l$F$$$kM}M3$G$9!#\e(B)</p>
+
+ <p>\e$B%Q%$%W7PM3$N%m%0MQ$N%W%m%;%9$O\e(B Apache httpd \e$B$N?F%W%m%;%9$+$i5/F0$5$l!"\e(B
+ \e$B$=$N%W%m%;%9$N%f!<%6\e(B ID \e$B$r7Q>5$7$^$9!#$3$l$O!"$3$l$O!"%Q%$%W7PM3$N%m%0MQ$N\e(B
+ \e$B%W%m%0%i%`$OIaDL\e(B root \e$B$H$7$F<B9T$5$l$k$3$H$r0UL#$7$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B$G$9$+$i!"%W%m%0%i%`$r4JC1$G0BA4$KJ]$D$3$H$,Hs>o$K=EMW$G$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>\e$B%Q%$%W7PM3$N%m%0$r;H$&4JC1$JNc$O\e(B:</p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <code># compressed logs<br />
+ CustomLog "|/usr/bin/gzip -c >>
+ /var/log/access_log.gz" common<br />
+ # almost-real-time name resolution<br />
+ CustomLog "|/usr/local/apache/bin/logresolve >>
+ /var/log/access_log" common</code>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <p>\e$B%Q%$%W$N@h$G8F$P$l$k%3%^%s%IA4BN$,0zMQId$G0O$^$l$F$$$k$3$H$KCmL\$7$F\e(B
+ \e$B$/$@$5$$!#$3$NNc$O%"%/%;%9%m%0$r;H$C$F$$$^$9$,!"%(%i!<%m%0$K$bF1$85;=Q$r\e(B
+ \e$B;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>\e$B%Q%$%W7PM3$N%m%0$N=EMW$JMxMQK!$O!"%m%0$N8rBX$r%5!<%P$N:F5/F0$J$7$G\e(B
+
\e$B$9$k$b$N$G$9!#
\e(BApache HTTP
\e$B%5!<%P$K$O$3$N$?$a$N
\e(B <a
+ href="programs/rotatelogs.html">rotatelogs</a> \e$B$H8F$P$l$k4JC1$J\e(B
+ \e$B%W%m%0%i%`$,IUB0$7$F$$$^$9!#$?$H$($P!"\e(B24 \e$B;~4VKh$K%m%0$r8rBX$5$;$k$K$O!"\e(B
+ \e$B0J2<$N$b$N$r;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$^$9\e(B:</p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <code>CustomLog "|/usr/local/apache/bin/rotatelogs
+ /var/log/access_log 86400" common</code>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <p>\e$B;w$F$$$k$1$l$I!"$h$j$:$C$H=@Fp$J\e(B
+ <a href="http://www.cronolog.org/">cronolog</a> \e$B$H$$$&%m%08rBXMQ$N\e(B
+ \e$B%W%m%0%i%`$,30It$N%5%$%H$K$"$j$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>\e$B>r7oIU$-%m%.%s%0$HF1MM!"%Q%$%W7PM3$N%m%0$OHs>o$K6/NO$J\e(B
+ \e$BF;6q$G$9$,!"%*%U%i%$%s$N8e=hM}$N$h$&$J!"$h$j4JC1$J2r7hJ}K!$,$"$k$H$-$O\e(B
+ \e$B;H$o$J$$J}$,NI$$$G$7$g$&!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <h2><a id="virtualhosts" name="virtualhosts">\e$B%P!<%A%c%k%[%9%H\e(B</a></h2>
+
+ <p>
\e$BB?$/$N
\e(B <a href="vhosts/">
\e$B%P!<%A%c%k%[%9%H
\e(B</a>
\e$B$N$"$k%5!<%P$r<B9T$7$F$$$k
\e(B
+ \e$B$H$-$O!"%m%0%U%!%$%k$N07$$J}$K$$$/$D$+$NJ}K!$,$"$j$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B$^$:!"C1FH$N%[%9%H$N$_$N%5!<%P$H$^$C$?$/F1$8$h$&$K%m%0$r;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B%m%.%s%0%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$r<g%5!<%P$N%3%s%F%-%9%H$N\e(B
+ <code><VirtualHost></code> \e$B%;%/%7%g%s$N30$KCV$/$3$H$G!"\e(B
+ \e$B$9$Y$F$N%m%0$rF1$8%"%/%;%9%m%0$H%(%i!<%m%0$K%m%0<}=8$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B$3$N<jK!$G$O8D!9$N%P!<%A%c%k%[%9%H$NE}7W$r4JC1$K$H$k$3$H$O$G$-$^$;$s!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p><code>CustomLog</code> \e$B$d\e(B <code>ErrorLog</code> \e$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$,\e(B
+ <code><VirtualHost></code> \e$B$NCf$KCV$+$l$?>l9g$O!"$=$N%P!<%A%c%k\e(B
+ \e$B%[%9%H$X$N$9$Y$F$N%j%/%(%9%H$d%(%i!<$,$=$3$G;XDj$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$K$N$_\e(B
+ \e$B%m%0<}=8$5$l$^$9!#%m%.%s%0%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$N$J$$%P!<%A%c%k%[%9%H$O\e(B
+ \e$B0MA3$H$7$F%j%/%(%9%H$,<g%5!<%P$N%m%0$KAw$i$l$^$9!#$3$N<jK!$O>/$J$$\e(B
+ \e$B%P!<%A%c%k%[%9%H$KBP$7$F$OHs>o$KM-MQ$G$9$,!"%[%9%H$N?t$,Hs>o$KB?$/$J$k$H\e(B
+
\e$B4IM}$,BgJQ$K$J$j$^$9!#$5$i$K!"
\e(B<a
+ href="vhosts/fd-limits.html">\e$B%U%!%$%k5-=R;R$N8B3&\e(B</a>\e$B$NLdBj$r5/$3$9$3$H$,\e(B
+ \e$B$"$j$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>\e$B%"%/%;%9%m%0$K$O!"Hs>o$KNI$$BE6(0F$,$"$j$^$9!#%P!<%A%c%k%[%9%H$N\e(B
+ \e$B>pJs$r%m%0$N%U%)!<%^%C%HJ8;zNs$K2C$($k$3$H$G!"$9$Y$F$N%[%9%H$X$N\e(B
+ \e$B%j%/%(%9%H$rF1$8%m%0$K%m%0<}=8$7$F!"8e$G%m%0$r8D!9$N%U%!%$%k$KJ,3d$9$k$3$H$,\e(B
+ \e$B$G$-$^$9!#$?$H$($P!"0J2<$N%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$r8+$F$/$@$5$$!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <code>LogFormat "%v %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"
+ comonvhost<br />
+ CustomLog logs/access_log comonvhost</code>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <p><code>%v</code> \e$B$,%j%/%(%9%H$r07$C$F$$$k%P!<%A%c%k%[%9%H$NL>A0$r\e(B
+
\e$B%m%0<}=8$9$k$?$a$K;H$o$l$F$$$^$9!#$=$7$F!"
\e(B<a
+ href="programs/other.html">split-logfile</a> \e$B$N$h$&$J%W%m%0%i%`$r\e(B
+ \e$B;H$C$F%"%/%;%9%m%0$r8e=hM}$9$k$3$H$G!"\e(B
+ \e$B%P!<%A%c%k%[%9%HKh$N%U%!%$%k$K%m%0$rJ,3d$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <p>\e$B;DG0$J$,$i!"%(%i!<%m%0$K$OF1MM$N<jK!$O$"$j$^$;$s!#$G$9$+$i!"\e(B
+ \e$B$9$Y$F$N%P!<%A%c%k%[%9%H$rF1$8%(%i!<%m%0$NCf$K:.$<$k$+!"\e(B
+ \e$B%P!<%A%c%k%[%9%HKh$K%(%i!<%m%0$r;H$&$+$rA*$P$J$1$l$P$J$j$^$;$s!#\e(B</p>
+ <hr />
+
+ <h2><a id="other" name="other">\e$BB>$N%m%0%U%!%$%k\e(B</a></h2>
+
+ <table border="1">
+ <tr>
+ <td valign="top"><strong>\e$B4XO"%b%8%e!<%k\e(B</strong><br />
+ <br />
+ <a href="mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a><br />
+ <a href="mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a> </td>
+
+ <td valign="top"><strong>\e$B4XO"%G%#%l%/%F%#%V\e(B</strong><br />
+ <br />
+ <a href="mod/core.html#pidfile">PidFile</a><br />
+ <a
+ href="mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteLog">RewriteLog</a><br />
+ <a
+ href="mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteLogLevel">RewriteLogLevel</a><br />
+ <a href="mod/mod_cgi.html#scriptlog">ScriptLog</a><br />
+ <a
+ href="mod/mod_cgi.html#scriptloglength">ScriptLogLength</a><br />
+ <a
+ href="mod/mod_cgi.html#scriptlogbuffer">ScriptLogBuffer</a>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+ <h3><a id="pidfile" name="pidfile">PID \e$B%U%!%$%k\e(B</a></h3>
+
+ <p>\e$B5/F0;~$K!"\e(BApache \e$B$O?F\e(B httpd \e$B%W%m%;%9$N%W%m%;%9\e(B ID \e$B$r\e(B
+ <code>logs/httpd.pid</code> \e$B$KJ]B8$7$^$9!#$3$N\e(B
+
\e$B%U%!%$%kL>$O
\e(B <a
+ href="mod/core.html#pidfile">PidFile</a> \e$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$r;H$C$F\e(B
+ \e$BJQ99$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#%W%m%;%9\e(B ID \e$B$O4IM}<T$,?F%W%m%;%9$K\e(B
+ \e$B%7%0%J%k$rAw$k$3$H$G%G!<%b%s$r:F5/F0$7$?$j=*N;$5$;$?$j$9$k$H$-$K\e(B
+ \e$B;HMQ$7$^$9!#\e(BWindows \e$B$G$O!"Be$o$j$K\e(B -k \e$B%3%^%s%I%*%W%7%g%s$r\e(B
+
\e$B;H$C$F$/$@$5$$!#>\$7$$>pJs$O
\e(B <a href="stopping.html">
\e$B=*N;$H
\e(B
+ \e$B:F5/F0\e(B</a> \e$B$N%Z!<%8$r8+$F$/$@$5$$!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <h3><a id="scriptlog" name="scriptlog">\e$B%9%/%j%W%H%m%0\e(B</a></h3>
+
+ <p>
\e$B%G%P%C%0$NJd=u$N$?$a$K!"
\e(B<a
+ href="mod/mod_cgi.html#scriptlog">ScriptLog</a> \e$B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$O\e(B
+ CGI \e$B%9%/%j%W%H$NF~NO$H=PNO$r5-O?$9$k$h$&$K$G$-$^$9!#\e(B
+ \e$B$3$l$O%F%9%HMQ$K$N$_;HMQ$7$F!"DL>o$N%5!<%P$G$O;HMQ$7$J$$$G$/$@$5$$!#\e(B
+
\e$B>\$7$$>pJs$O
\e(B <a
+ href="mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi \e$B$NJ8=q\e(B</a> \e$B$K$"$j$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+
+ <h3><a id="rewritelog" name="rewritelog">\e$B%j%i%$%H%m%0\e(B</a></h3>
+
+ <p><a
+ href="mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a> \e$B$N6/NO$GJ#;($J5!G=$r\e(B
+ \e$B;H$C$F$$$k$H$-$O!"$[$\$$$D$b%G%P%C%0$r4JC1$K$9$k$?$a$K\e(B
+ <a href="mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteLog">RewriteLog</a> \e$B$N;HMQ$,\e(B
+ \e$BI,MW$G$7$g$&!#$3$N%m%0%U%!%$%k$K$O%j%i%$%H%(%s%8%s$,%j%/%(%9%H$r\e(B
+
\e$B=q$-49$($kJ}K!$N>\:Y$J2r@O$,=PNO$5$l$^$9!#>\$7$5$NEY9g$O
\e(B <a
+ href="mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteLogLevel">RewriteLogLevel</a>
+ \e$B$G@)8f$G$-$^$9!#\e(B</p>
+ <!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
+ </body>
+</html>
+
projects / apache / commitdiff