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-<title>mod_session_dbd - Apache HTTP Server</title>\r
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-<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>\r
-<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>\r
-<img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div>\r
-<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>\r
-<div id="path">\r
-<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.3</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div>\r
-<div id="page-content">\r
-<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_session_dbd</h1>\r
-<div class="toplang">\r
-<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_session_dbd.html" title="English"> en </a></p>\r
-</div>\r
-<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>DBD/SQL based session support</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>session_dbd_module</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd.c</td></tr></table>\r
-<h3>Summary</h3>\r
-\r
- <div class="warning"><h3>Warning</h3>\r
- <p>The session modules make use of HTTP cookies, and as such can fall\r
- victim to Cross Site Scripting attacks, or expose potentially private\r
- information to clients. Please ensure that the relevant risks have\r
- been taken into account before enabling the session functionality on\r
- your server.</p>\r
- </div>\r
-\r
- <p>This submodule of <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code> provides support for the\r
- storage of user sessions within a SQL database using the\r
- <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code> module.</p>\r
-\r
- <p>Sessions can either be <strong>anonymous</strong>, where the session is\r
- keyed by a unique UUID string stored on the browser in a cookie, or\r
- <strong>per user</strong>, where the session is keyed against the userid of\r
- the logged in user.</p>\r
-\r
- <p>SQL based sessions are hidden from the browser, and so offer a measure of\r
- privacy without the need for encryption.</p>\r
- \r
- <p>Different webservers within a server farm may choose to share a database,\r
- and so share sessions with one another.</p>\r
- \r
- <p>For more details on the session interface, see the documentation for\r
- the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code> module.</p>\r
- \r
-</div>\r
-<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>\r
-<ul id="toc">\r
-<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdcookiename">SessionDBDCookieName</a></li>\r
-<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdcookiename2">SessionDBDCookieName2</a></li>\r
-<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdcookieremove">SessionDBDCookieRemove</a></li>\r
-<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbddeletelabel">SessionDBDDeleteLabel</a></li>\r
-<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdinsertlabel">SessionDBDInsertLabel</a></li>\r
-<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdperuser">SessionDBDPerUser</a></li>\r
-<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdselectlabel">SessionDBDSelectLabel</a></li>\r
-<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdupdatelabel">SessionDBDUpdateLabel</a></li>\r
-</ul>\r
-<h3>Topics</h3>\r
-<ul id="topics">\r
-<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#dbdconfig">DBD Configuration</a></li>\r
-<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#anonymous">Anonymous Sessions</a></li>\r
-<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#peruser">Per User Sessions</a></li>\r
-<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#housekeeping">Database Housekeeping</a></li>\r
-</ul><h3>See also</h3>\r
-<ul class="seealso">\r
-<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code></li>\r
-<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session_crypto.html">mod_session_crypto</a></code></li>\r
-<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session_cookie.html">mod_session_cookie</a></code></li>\r
-<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code></li>\r
-</ul></div>\r
-<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>\r
-<div class="section">\r
-<h2><a name="dbdconfig" id="dbdconfig">DBD Configuration</a></h2>\r
-\r
- <p>Before the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session_dbd.html">mod_session_dbd</a></code> module can be configured to maintain a\r
- session, the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code> module must be configured to make the various database queries\r
- available to the server.</p>\r
- \r
- <p>There are four queries required to keep a session maintained, to select an existing session,\r
- to update an existing session, to insert a new session, and to delete an expired or empty\r
- session. These queries are configured as per the example below.</p>\r
-\r
- <div class="example"><h3>Sample DBD configuration</h3><p><code>\r
- DBDriver pgsql<br />\r
- DBDParams "dbname=apachesession user=apache password=xxxxx host=localhost"<br />\r
- DBDPrepareSQL "delete from session where key = %s" deletesession<br />\r
- DBDPrepareSQL "update session set value = %s, expiry = %lld where key = %s" updatesession<br />\r
- DBDPrepareSQL "insert into session (value, expiry, key) values (%s, %lld, %s)" insertsession<br />\r
- DBDPrepareSQL "select value from session where key = %s and (expiry = 0 or expiry > %lld)" selectsession<br />\r
- DBDPrepareSQL "delete from session where expiry != 0 and expiry < %lld" cleansession<br />\r
- </code></p></div>\r
-\r
- </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>\r
-<div class="section">\r
-<h2><a name="anonymous" id="anonymous">Anonymous Sessions</a></h2>\r
- \r
- <p>Anonymous sessions are keyed against a unique UUID, and stored on the\r
- browser within an HTTP cookie. This method is similar to that used by most\r
- application servers to store session information.</p>\r
- \r
- <p>To create a simple anonymous session and store it in a postgres database\r
- table called <var>apachesession</var>, and save the session ID in a cookie\r
- called <var>session</var>, configure the session as follows:</p>\r
- \r
- <div class="example"><h3>SQL based anonymous session</h3><p><code>\r
- Session On<br />\r
- SessionDBDCookieName session path=/<br />\r
- </code></p></div>\r
- \r
- <p>For more examples on how the session can be configured to be read\r
- from and written to by a CGI application, see the\r
- <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code> examples section.</p>\r
- \r
- <p>For documentation on how the session can be used to store username\r
- and password details, see the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_form.html">mod_auth_form</a></code> module.</p>\r
-\r
- </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>\r
-<div class="section">\r
-<h2><a name="peruser" id="peruser">Per User Sessions</a></h2>\r
- \r
- <p>Per user sessions are keyed against the username of a successfully\r
- authenticated user. It offers the most privacy, as no external handle\r
- to the session exists outside of the authenticated realm.</p>\r
- \r
- <p>Per user sessions work within a correctly configured authenticated\r
- environment, be that using basic authentication, digest authentication\r
- or SSL client certificates. Due to the limitations of who came first,\r
- the chicken or the egg, per user sessions cannot be used to store\r
- authentication credentials from a module like\r
- <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_form.html">mod_auth_form</a></code>.</p>\r
- \r
- <p>To create a simple per user session and store it in a postgres database\r
- table called <var>apachesession</var>, and with the session keyed to the\r
- userid, configure the session as follows:</p>\r
- \r
- <div class="example"><h3>SQL based per user session</h3><p><code>\r
- Session On<br />\r
- SessionDBDPerUser On<br />\r
- </code></p></div>\r
- \r
- </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>\r
-<div class="section">\r
-<h2><a name="housekeeping" id="housekeeping">Database Housekeeping</a></h2>\r
- <p>Over the course of time, the database can be expected to start accumulating\r
- expired sessions. At this point, the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session_dbd.html">mod_session_dbd</a></code> module\r
- is not yet able to handle session expiry automatically.</p>\r
- \r
- <div class="warning"><h3>Warning</h3>\r
- <p>The administrator will need to set up an external process via cron to clean\r
- out expired sessions.</p>\r
- </div>\r
-\r
- </div>\r
-<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>\r
-<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDCookieName" id="SessionDBDCookieName">SessionDBDCookieName</a> <a name="sessiondbdcookiename" id="sessiondbdcookiename">Directive</a></h2>\r
-<table class="directive">\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Name and attributes for the RFC2109 cookie storing the session ID</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDCookieName <var>name</var> <var>attributes</var></code></td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>none</code></td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>\r
-</table>\r
- <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDCookieName</code> directive specifies the name and\r
- optional attributes of an RFC2109 compliant cookie inside which the session ID will\r
- be stored. RFC2109 cookies are set using the <code>Set-Cookie</code> HTTP header.\r
- </p>\r
-\r
- <p>An optional list of cookie attributes can be specified, as per the example below.\r
- These attributes are inserted into the cookie as is, and are not interpreted by\r
- Apache. Ensure that your attributes are defined correctly as per the cookie specification.\r
- </p>\r
-\r
- <div class="example"><h3>Cookie with attributes</h3><p><code>\r
- Session On<br />\r
- SessionDBDCookieName session path=/private;domain=example.com;httponly;secure;version=1;<br />\r
- </code></p></div>\r
-\r
-\r
-</div>\r
-<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>\r
-<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDCookieName2" id="SessionDBDCookieName2">SessionDBDCookieName2</a> <a name="sessiondbdcookiename2" id="sessiondbdcookiename2">Directive</a></h2>\r
-<table class="directive">\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Name and attributes for the RFC2965 cookie storing the session ID</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDCookieName2 <var>name</var> <var>attributes</var></code></td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>none</code></td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>\r
-</table>\r
- <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDCookieName2</code> directive specifies the name and\r
- optional attributes of an RFC2965 compliant cookie inside which the session ID will\r
- be stored. RFC2965 cookies are set using the <code>Set-Cookie2</code> HTTP header.\r
- </p>\r
- \r
- <p>An optional list of cookie attributes can be specified, as per the example below.\r
- These attributes are inserted into the cookie as is, and are not interpreted by\r
- Apache. Ensure that your attributes are defined correctly as per the cookie specification.\r
- </p>\r
- \r
- <div class="example"><h3>Cookie2 with attributes</h3><p><code>\r
- Session On<br />\r
- SessionDBDCookieName2 session path=/private;domain=example.com;httponly;secure;version=1;<br />\r
- </code></p></div>\r
-\r
-\r
-</div>\r
-<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>\r
-<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDCookieRemove" id="SessionDBDCookieRemove">SessionDBDCookieRemove</a> <a name="sessiondbdcookieremove" id="sessiondbdcookieremove">Directive</a></h2>\r
-<table class="directive">\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Control for whether session ID cookies should be removed from incoming HTTP headers</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDCookieRemove On|Off</code></td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDCookieRemove On</code></td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>\r
-</table>\r
- <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDCookieRemove</code> flag controls whether the cookies\r
- containing the session ID will be removed from the headers during request processing.</p>\r
-\r
- <p>In a reverse proxy situation where the Apache server acts as a server frontend for\r
- a backend origin server, revealing the contents of the session ID cookie to the backend\r
- could be a potential privacy violation. When set to on, the session ID cookie will be\r
- removed from the incoming HTTP headers.</p>\r
-\r
-\r
-</div>\r
-<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>\r
-<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDDeleteLabel" id="SessionDBDDeleteLabel">SessionDBDDeleteLabel</a> <a name="sessiondbddeletelabel" id="sessiondbddeletelabel">Directive</a></h2>\r
-<table class="directive">\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The SQL query to use to remove sessions from the database</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDDeleteLabel <var>label</var></code></td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDDeleteLabel deletesession</code></td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>\r
-</table>\r
- <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDDeleteLabel</code> directive sets the default delete\r
- query label to be used to delete an expired or empty session. This label must have been previously\r
- defined using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html#dbdpreparesql">DBDPrepareSQL</a></code> directive.</p>\r
-\r
-\r
-</div>\r
-<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>\r
-<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDInsertLabel" id="SessionDBDInsertLabel">SessionDBDInsertLabel</a> <a name="sessiondbdinsertlabel" id="sessiondbdinsertlabel">Directive</a></h2>\r
-<table class="directive">\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The SQL query to use to insert sessions into the database</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDInsertLabel <var>label</var></code></td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDInsertLabel insertsession</code></td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>\r
-</table>\r
- <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDInsertLabel</code> directive sets the default insert\r
- query label to be used to load in a session. This label must have been previously defined using the\r
- <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html#dbdpreparesql">DBDPrepareSQL</a></code> directive.</p>\r
-\r
- <p>If an attempt to update the session affects no rows, this query will be called to insert the\r
- session into the database.</p>\r
-\r
-\r
-</div>\r
-<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>\r
-<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDPerUser" id="SessionDBDPerUser">SessionDBDPerUser</a> <a name="sessiondbdperuser" id="sessiondbdperuser">Directive</a></h2>\r
-<table class="directive">\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Enable a per user session</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDPerUser On|Off</code></td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDPerUser Off</code></td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>\r
-</table>\r
- <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDPerUser</code> flag enables a per user session keyed\r
- against the user's login name. If the user is not logged in, this directive will be\r
- ignored.</p>\r
-\r
-\r
-</div>\r
-<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>\r
-<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDSelectLabel" id="SessionDBDSelectLabel">SessionDBDSelectLabel</a> <a name="sessiondbdselectlabel" id="sessiondbdselectlabel">Directive</a></h2>\r
-<table class="directive">\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The SQL query to use to select sessions from the database</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDSelectLabel <var>label</var></code></td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDSelectLabel selectsession</code></td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>\r
-</table>\r
- <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDSelectLabel</code> directive sets the default select\r
- query label to be used to load in a session. This label must have been previously defined using the\r
- <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html#dbdpreparesql">DBDPrepareSQL</a></code> directive.</p>\r
-\r
-\r
-</div>\r
-<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>\r
-<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDUpdateLabel" id="SessionDBDUpdateLabel">SessionDBDUpdateLabel</a> <a name="sessiondbdupdatelabel" id="sessiondbdupdatelabel">Directive</a></h2>\r
-<table class="directive">\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The SQL query to use to update existing sessions in the database</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDUpdateLabel <var>label</var></code></td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDUpdateLabel updatesession</code></td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>\r
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>\r
-</table>\r
- <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDUpdateLabel</code> directive sets the default update\r
- query label to be used to load in a session. This label must have been previously defined using the\r
- <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html#dbdpreparesql">DBDPrepareSQL</a></code> directive.</p>\r
-\r
- <p>If an attempt to update the session affects no rows, the insert query will be\r
- called to insert the session into the database. If the database supports InsertOrUpdate,\r
- override this query to perform the update in one query instead of two.</p>\r
-\r
-\r
-</div>\r
-</div>\r
-<div class="bottomlang">\r
-<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_session_dbd.html" title="English"> en </a></p>\r
-</div><div id="footer">\r
-<p class="apache">Copyright 2008 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>\r
-<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>\r
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+<title>mod_session_dbd - Apache HTTP Server</title>
+<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
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+<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
+<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>
+<img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div>
+<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
+<div id="path">
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.3</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
+<div id="page-content">
+<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_session_dbd</h1>
+<div class="toplang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_session_dbd.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
+</div>
+<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>DBD/SQL based session support</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>session_dbd_module</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd.c</td></tr></table>
+<h3>Summary</h3>
+
+ <div class="warning"><h3>Warning</h3>
+ <p>The session modules make use of HTTP cookies, and as such can fall
+ victim to Cross Site Scripting attacks, or expose potentially private
+ information to clients. Please ensure that the relevant risks have
+ been taken into account before enabling the session functionality on
+ your server.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>This submodule of <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code> provides support for the
+ storage of user sessions within a SQL database using the
+ <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code> module.</p>
+
+ <p>Sessions can either be <strong>anonymous</strong>, where the session is
+ keyed by a unique UUID string stored on the browser in a cookie, or
+ <strong>per user</strong>, where the session is keyed against the userid of
+ the logged in user.</p>
+
+ <p>SQL based sessions are hidden from the browser, and so offer a measure of
+ privacy without the need for encryption.</p>
+
+ <p>Different webservers within a server farm may choose to share a database,
+ and so share sessions with one another.</p>
+
+ <p>For more details on the session interface, see the documentation for
+ the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code> module.</p>
+
+</div>
+<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
+<ul id="toc">
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdcookiename">SessionDBDCookieName</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdcookiename2">SessionDBDCookieName2</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdcookieremove">SessionDBDCookieRemove</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbddeletelabel">SessionDBDDeleteLabel</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdinsertlabel">SessionDBDInsertLabel</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdperuser">SessionDBDPerUser</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdselectlabel">SessionDBDSelectLabel</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdupdatelabel">SessionDBDUpdateLabel</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h3>Topics</h3>
+<ul id="topics">
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#dbdconfig">DBD Configuration</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#anonymous">Anonymous Sessions</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#peruser">Per User Sessions</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#housekeeping">Database Housekeeping</a></li>
+</ul><h3>See also</h3>
+<ul class="seealso">
+<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code></li>
+<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session_crypto.html">mod_session_crypto</a></code></li>
+<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session_cookie.html">mod_session_cookie</a></code></li>
+<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code></li>
+</ul></div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="dbdconfig" id="dbdconfig">DBD Configuration</a></h2>
+
+ <p>Before the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session_dbd.html">mod_session_dbd</a></code> module can be configured to maintain a
+ session, the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code> module must be configured to make the various database queries
+ available to the server.</p>
+
+ <p>There are four queries required to keep a session maintained, to select an existing session,
+ to update an existing session, to insert a new session, and to delete an expired or empty
+ session. These queries are configured as per the example below.</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Sample DBD configuration</h3><p><code>
+ DBDriver pgsql<br />
+ DBDParams "dbname=apachesession user=apache password=xxxxx host=localhost"<br />
+ DBDPrepareSQL "delete from session where key = %s" deletesession<br />
+ DBDPrepareSQL "update session set value = %s, expiry = %lld where key = %s" updatesession<br />
+ DBDPrepareSQL "insert into session (value, expiry, key) values (%s, %lld, %s)" insertsession<br />
+ DBDPrepareSQL "select value from session where key = %s and (expiry = 0 or expiry > %lld)" selectsession<br />
+ DBDPrepareSQL "delete from session where expiry != 0 and expiry < %lld" cleansession<br />
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="anonymous" id="anonymous">Anonymous Sessions</a></h2>
+
+ <p>Anonymous sessions are keyed against a unique UUID, and stored on the
+ browser within an HTTP cookie. This method is similar to that used by most
+ application servers to store session information.</p>
+
+ <p>To create a simple anonymous session and store it in a postgres database
+ table called <var>apachesession</var>, and save the session ID in a cookie
+ called <var>session</var>, configure the session as follows:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>SQL based anonymous session</h3><p><code>
+ Session On<br />
+ SessionDBDCookieName session path=/<br />
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <p>For more examples on how the session can be configured to be read
+ from and written to by a CGI application, see the
+ <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code> examples section.</p>
+
+ <p>For documentation on how the session can be used to store username
+ and password details, see the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_form.html">mod_auth_form</a></code> module.</p>
+
+ </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="peruser" id="peruser">Per User Sessions</a></h2>
+
+ <p>Per user sessions are keyed against the username of a successfully
+ authenticated user. It offers the most privacy, as no external handle
+ to the session exists outside of the authenticated realm.</p>
+
+ <p>Per user sessions work within a correctly configured authenticated
+ environment, be that using basic authentication, digest authentication
+ or SSL client certificates. Due to the limitations of who came first,
+ the chicken or the egg, per user sessions cannot be used to store
+ authentication credentials from a module like
+ <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_form.html">mod_auth_form</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>To create a simple per user session and store it in a postgres database
+ table called <var>apachesession</var>, and with the session keyed to the
+ userid, configure the session as follows:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>SQL based per user session</h3><p><code>
+ Session On<br />
+ SessionDBDPerUser On<br />
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="housekeeping" id="housekeeping">Database Housekeeping</a></h2>
+ <p>Over the course of time, the database can be expected to start accumulating
+ expired sessions. At this point, the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session_dbd.html">mod_session_dbd</a></code> module
+ is not yet able to handle session expiry automatically.</p>
+
+ <div class="warning"><h3>Warning</h3>
+ <p>The administrator will need to set up an external process via cron to clean
+ out expired sessions.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDCookieName" id="SessionDBDCookieName">SessionDBDCookieName</a> <a name="sessiondbdcookiename" id="sessiondbdcookiename">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Name and attributes for the RFC2109 cookie storing the session ID</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDCookieName <var>name</var> <var>attributes</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>none</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDCookieName</code> directive specifies the name and
+ optional attributes of an RFC2109 compliant cookie inside which the session ID will
+ be stored. RFC2109 cookies are set using the <code>Set-Cookie</code> HTTP header.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>An optional list of cookie attributes can be specified, as per the example below.
+ These attributes are inserted into the cookie as is, and are not interpreted by
+ Apache. Ensure that your attributes are defined correctly as per the cookie specification.
+ </p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Cookie with attributes</h3><p><code>
+ Session On<br />
+ SessionDBDCookieName session path=/private;domain=example.com;httponly;secure;version=1;<br />
+ </code></p></div>
+
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDCookieName2" id="SessionDBDCookieName2">SessionDBDCookieName2</a> <a name="sessiondbdcookiename2" id="sessiondbdcookiename2">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Name and attributes for the RFC2965 cookie storing the session ID</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDCookieName2 <var>name</var> <var>attributes</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>none</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDCookieName2</code> directive specifies the name and
+ optional attributes of an RFC2965 compliant cookie inside which the session ID will
+ be stored. RFC2965 cookies are set using the <code>Set-Cookie2</code> HTTP header.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>An optional list of cookie attributes can be specified, as per the example below.
+ These attributes are inserted into the cookie as is, and are not interpreted by
+ Apache. Ensure that your attributes are defined correctly as per the cookie specification.
+ </p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Cookie2 with attributes</h3><p><code>
+ Session On<br />
+ SessionDBDCookieName2 session path=/private;domain=example.com;httponly;secure;version=1;<br />
+ </code></p></div>
+
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDCookieRemove" id="SessionDBDCookieRemove">SessionDBDCookieRemove</a> <a name="sessiondbdcookieremove" id="sessiondbdcookieremove">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Control for whether session ID cookies should be removed from incoming HTTP headers</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDCookieRemove On|Off</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDCookieRemove On</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDCookieRemove</code> flag controls whether the cookies
+ containing the session ID will be removed from the headers during request processing.</p>
+
+ <p>In a reverse proxy situation where the Apache server acts as a server frontend for
+ a backend origin server, revealing the contents of the session ID cookie to the backend
+ could be a potential privacy violation. When set to on, the session ID cookie will be
+ removed from the incoming HTTP headers.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDDeleteLabel" id="SessionDBDDeleteLabel">SessionDBDDeleteLabel</a> <a name="sessiondbddeletelabel" id="sessiondbddeletelabel">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The SQL query to use to remove sessions from the database</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDDeleteLabel <var>label</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDDeleteLabel deletesession</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDDeleteLabel</code> directive sets the default delete
+ query label to be used to delete an expired or empty session. This label must have been previously
+ defined using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html#dbdpreparesql">DBDPrepareSQL</a></code> directive.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDInsertLabel" id="SessionDBDInsertLabel">SessionDBDInsertLabel</a> <a name="sessiondbdinsertlabel" id="sessiondbdinsertlabel">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The SQL query to use to insert sessions into the database</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDInsertLabel <var>label</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDInsertLabel insertsession</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDInsertLabel</code> directive sets the default insert
+ query label to be used to load in a session. This label must have been previously defined using the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html#dbdpreparesql">DBDPrepareSQL</a></code> directive.</p>
+
+ <p>If an attempt to update the session affects no rows, this query will be called to insert the
+ session into the database.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDPerUser" id="SessionDBDPerUser">SessionDBDPerUser</a> <a name="sessiondbdperuser" id="sessiondbdperuser">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Enable a per user session</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDPerUser On|Off</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDPerUser Off</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDPerUser</code> flag enables a per user session keyed
+ against the user's login name. If the user is not logged in, this directive will be
+ ignored.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDSelectLabel" id="SessionDBDSelectLabel">SessionDBDSelectLabel</a> <a name="sessiondbdselectlabel" id="sessiondbdselectlabel">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The SQL query to use to select sessions from the database</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDSelectLabel <var>label</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDSelectLabel selectsession</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDSelectLabel</code> directive sets the default select
+ query label to be used to load in a session. This label must have been previously defined using the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html#dbdpreparesql">DBDPrepareSQL</a></code> directive.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDUpdateLabel" id="SessionDBDUpdateLabel">SessionDBDUpdateLabel</a> <a name="sessiondbdupdatelabel" id="sessiondbdupdatelabel">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The SQL query to use to update existing sessions in the database</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDUpdateLabel <var>label</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDUpdateLabel updatesession</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDUpdateLabel</code> directive sets the default update
+ query label to be used to load in a session. This label must have been previously defined using the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html#dbdpreparesql">DBDPrepareSQL</a></code> directive.</p>
+
+ <p>If an attempt to update the session affects no rows, the insert query will be
+ called to insert the session into the database. If the database supports InsertOrUpdate,
+ override this query to perform the update in one query instead of two.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="bottomlang">
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