Add rational.Rational as an implementation of numbers.Rational with infinite

Add rational.Rational as an implementation of numbers.Rational with infinite
precision. This has been discussed at http://bugs.python.org/issue1682. It's
useful primarily for teaching, but it also demonstrates how to implement a
member of the numeric tower, including fallbacks for mixed-mode arithmetic.

I expect to write a couple more patches in this area:
 * Rational.from_decimal()
 * Rational.trim/approximate() (maybe with different names)
 * Maybe remove the parentheses from Rational.__str__()
 * Maybe rename one of the Rational classes
 * Maybe make Rational('3/2') work.