bpo-28134: Auto-detect socket values from file descriptor (#1349)

bpo-28134: Auto-detect socket values from file descriptor (#1349)

Fix socket(fileno=fd) by auto-detecting the socket's family, type,
and proto from the file descriptor. The auto-detection can be overruled
by passing in family, type, and proto explicitly.

Without the fix, all socket except for TCP/IP over IPv4 are basically broken:

>>> s = socket.create_connection(('www.python.org', 443))
>>> s
<socket.socket fd=3, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET6, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=6, laddr=('2003:58:bc4a:3b00:56ee:75ff:fe47:ca7b', 59730, 0, 0), raddr=('2a04:4e42:1b::223', 443, 0, 0)>
>>> socket.socket(fileno=s.fileno())
<socket.socket fd=3, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('2003:58:bc4a:3b00::%2550471192', 59730, 0, 2550471192), raddr=('2a04:4e42:1b:0:700c:e70b:ff7f:0%2550471192', 443, 0, 2550471192)>

Signed-off-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>