Ensure we have length checks for all extensions

Ensure we have length checks for all extensions

The previous commit inspired a review of all the length checks for the
extension adding code. This adds more robust checks and adds checks where
some were missing previously. The real solution for this is to use WPACKET
which is currently in master - but that cannot be applied to release
branches.

Reviewed-by: Rich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>