introduce container_of macro

introduce container_of macro

This macro is popular within the Linux kernel for supporting
intrusive data structures such as linked lists, red-black trees,
and chained hash tables while allowing the compiler to do
type checking.

Later patches will use container_of() to remove the limitation
of "hashmap_entry" being location-dependent. This will complete
the transition to compile-time type checking for the hashmap API.

This macro already exists in our source as "list_entry" in
list.h and making "list_entry" an alias to "container_of"
as the Linux kernel has done is a possibility.

Signed-off-by: Eric Wong <e@80x24.org>
Reviewed-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>