postgres_fdw: Fix join push down with extensions

postgres_fdw: Fix join push down with extensions

Objects in an extension are shippable to a foreign server if the
extension is part of the foreign server definition's shippable
extensions list.  But this was not properly considered in some cases
when checking whether a join condition can be pushed to a foreign server
and the join condition uses an object from a shippable extension.  So
the join would never be pushed down in those cases.

So, the list of extensions needs to be made available in fpinfo of the
relation being considered to be pushed down before any expressions are
assessed for being shippable.  Fix foreign_join_ok() to do that for a
join relation.

David Rowley and Ashutosh Bapat, per report from David Rowley

reduced version of patch 332bec1e6096679b04ec9717beb44a858495260f for
backpatch to 9.6, first release with join push down